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Yared N, Papadopoulou M, Barennes P, Pham HP, Quiniou V, Netzer S, Kaminski H, Burguet L, Demeste A, Colas P, Mora-Charrot L, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Zouine A, Gauthereau X, Vermijlen D, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1010785. [PMID: 38976755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of ©δ TCR-bearing lymphocytes in immunological memory has gained increasing interest due to their functional duality between adaptive and innate immunity. ©δ T effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) subsets have been identified, but their respective roles in memory responses are poorly understood. In the present study, we used subsequent mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections of αβ T cell deficient mice in order to analyze the memory potential of ©δ T cells. As for CMV-specific αβ T cells, MCMV induced the accumulation of cytolytic, KLRG1+CX3CR1+ ©δ TEM that principally localized in infected organ vasculature. Typifying T cell memory, ©δ T cell expansion in organs and blood was higher after secondary viral challenge than after primary infection. Viral control upon MCMV reinfection was prevented when masking ©δ T-cell receptor, and was associated with a preferential amplification of private and unfocused TCR δ chain repertoire composed of a combination of clonotypes expanded post-primary infection and, more unexpectedly, of novel expanded clonotypes. Finally, long-term-primed ©δ TCM cells, but not ©δ TEM cells, protected T cell-deficient hosts against MCMV-induced death upon adoptive transfer, probably through their ability to survive and to generate TEM in the recipient host. This better survival potential of TCM cells was confirmed by a detailed scRNASeq analysis of the two ©δ T cell memory subsets which also revealed their similarity to classically adaptive αβ CD8 T cells. Overall, our study uncovered memory properties of long-lived TCM ©δ T cells that confer protection in a chronic infection, highlighting the interest of this T cell subset in vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Yared
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Netzer
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanna Kaminski
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Burguet
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Demeste
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pacôme Colas
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Mora-Charrot
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Atika Zouine
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, FACSility, TBM Core, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, OneCell, RT-PCR and Single Cell Libraries, TBM Core, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO department, Walloon ExceLlence Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
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2
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Terzoli S, Marzano P, Cazzetta V, Piazza R, Sandrock I, Ravens S, Tan L, Prinz I, Balin S, Calvi M, Carletti A, Cancellara A, Coianiz N, Franzese S, Frigo A, Voza A, Calcaterra F, Di Vito C, Della Bella S, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. Expansion of memory Vδ2 T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination revealed by temporal single-cell transcriptomics. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:63. [PMID: 38509155 PMCID: PMC10954735 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells provide rapid cellular immunity against pathogens. Here, we conducted matched single-cell RNA-sequencing and γδ-TCR-sequencing to delineate the molecular changes in γδ T cells during a longitudinal study following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. While the first dose of vaccine primes Vδ2 T cells, it is the second administration that significantly boosts their immune response. Specifically, the second vaccination uncovers memory features of Vδ2 T cells, shaped by the induction of AP-1 family transcription factors and characterized by a convergent central memory signature, clonal expansion, and an enhanced effector potential. This temporally distinct effector response of Vδ2 T cells was also confirmed in vitro upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike-peptides. Indeed, the second challenge triggers a significantly higher production of IFNγ by Vδ2 T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might benefit from the establishment of long-lasting central memory Vδ2 T cells to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Terzoli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Cazzetta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Balin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Calvi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Carletti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Assunta Cancellara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Coianiz
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sara Franzese
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Comeau K, Shokoples B, Caillon A, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Angiotensin II-Induced Memory γδ T Cells Sensitize Mice to a Mild Hypertensive Stimulus. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:619-628. [PMID: 37549970 PMCID: PMC10570659 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory T cells develop during an initial hypertensive episode, sensitizing mice to develop hypertension from further mild hypertensive challenges. We hypothesized that memory γδ T cells develop after a hypertensive challenge and sensitize mice to develop hypertension in response to a subsequent mild hypertensive challenge. METHODS The first aim was to profile memory γδ T cells after a 14-day pressor dose angiotensin II (AngII) infusion (490 ng/kg/min, subcutaneously) in male mice. The second aim was to deplete γδ T cells during a second 14-day subpressor dose AngII challenge (140 ng/kg/min, subcutaneously) in mice pre-exposed to an initial pressor dose AngII challenge. The third aim was to transfer 2.5 × 105 live pre-activated or not γδ T cells from mice that had received a 14-day pressor dose AngII infusion or sham treatment, to naive recipient mice stimulated with a subpressor dose AngII infusion. RESULTS Effector memory γδ T cells increased 5.2-fold in mesenteric vessels and perivascular adipose tissue, and 1.8-fold in mesenteric lymph nodes in pressor dose AngII-infused mice compared with sham-treated mice. Mice depleted of γδ T cells had 14 mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation than control mice from day 7 to 14 of subpressor dose AngII infusion. Adoptive transfer of γδ T cells from hypertensive mice induced an 18 mm Hg higher SBP elevation compared with a subpressor dose AngII infusion vs. γδ T cells transferred from sham-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Memory γδ T cells develop in response to hypertensive stimuli, and contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Comeau
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brandon Shokoples
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Caillon
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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4
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Sanz M, Mann BT, Ryan PL, Bosque A, Pennington DJ, Hackstein H, Soriano-Sarabia N. Deep characterization of human γδ T cell subsets defines shared and lineage-specific traits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148988. [PMID: 37063856 PMCID: PMC10102470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Under non-pathological conditions, human γδ T cells represent a small fraction of CD3+ T cells in peripheral blood (1-10%). They constitute a unique subset of T lymphocytes that recognize stress ligands or non-peptide antigens through MHC-independent presentation. Major human γδ T cell subsets, Vδ1 and Vδ2, expand in response to microbial infection or malignancy, but possess distinct tissue localization, antigen recognition, and effector responses. We hypothesized that differences at the gene, phenotypic, and functional level would provide evidence that γδ T cell subpopulations belong to distinct lineages. Comparisons between each subset and the identification of the molecular determinants that underpin their differences has been hampered by experimental challenges in obtaining sufficient numbers of purified cells. By utilizing a stringent FACS-based isolation method, we compared highly purified human Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells in terms of phenotype, gene expression profile, and functional responses. We found distinct genetic and phenotypic signatures that define functional differences in γδ T cell populations. Differences in TCR components, repertoire, and responses to calcium-dependent pathways suggest that Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells are different lineages. These findings will facilitate further investigation into the ligand specificity and unique role of Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells in early immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brendan T. Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Paul L. Ryan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel J. Pennington
- Centre for Immunology, Blizzard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Soriano-Sarabia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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5
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Tucker N, Cunha P, Gilbert FB, Rambault M, Santos KR, Remot A, Germon P, Rainard P, Martins RP. Bovine blood and milk T-cell subsets in distinct states of activation and differentiation during subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103826. [PMID: 36746006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T-lymphocytes are key mediators of adaptive cellular immunity and knowledge about distinct subsets of these cells in healthy and infected mammary gland secretions remains limited. In this study, we used a multiplex cytometry panel to show that staphylococcal mastitis causes the activation of CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T-cells found in bovine milk. We also highlight remarkable differences in the proportions of naïve and memory T-cells subsets found in blood and milk. These observations will contribute to a better understanding of cell-mediated immune mechanisms in the udder and to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies targeting mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tucker
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patricia Cunha
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Aude Remot
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
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6
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Fears AC, Walker EM, Chirichella N, Slisarenko N, Merino KM, Golden N, Picou B, Spencer S, Russell-Lodrigue KE, Doyle-Meyers LA, Blair RV, Beddingfield BJ, Maness NJ, Roy CJ, Rout N. The dynamics of γδ T cell responses in nonhuman primates during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1380. [PMID: 36526890 PMCID: PMC9756695 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild, some patients develop systemic inflammation and progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this spectrum of disease remain unclear. γδT cells are T lymphocyte subsets that have key roles in systemic and mucosal immune responses during infection and inflammation. Here we show that peripheral γδT cells are rapidly activated following aerosol or intra-tracheal/intra-nasal (IT/IN) SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrate a rapid expansion of Vδ1 γδT cells at day1 that correlate significantly with lung viral loads during the first week of infection. Furthermore, increase in levels of CCR6 and Granzyme B expression in Vδ1 T cells during viral clearance imply a role in innate-like epithelial barrier-protective and cytotoxic functions. Importantly, the early activation and mobilization of circulating HLA-DR+CXCR3+ γδT cells along with significant correlations of Vδ1 T cells with IL-1Ra and SCF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage suggest a novel role for Vδ1 T cells in regulating lung inflammation during aerosol SARS-CoV-2 infection. A deeper understanding of the immunoregulatory functions of MHC-unrestricted Vδ1 T cells in lungs during early SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important in the wake of emerging new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Fears
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Edith M Walker
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Chirichella
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Nadia Slisarenko
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Kristen M Merino
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Nadia Golden
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Breanna Picou
- High Containment Research Performance Core, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Skye Spencer
- High Containment Research Performance Core, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Kasi E Russell-Lodrigue
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Lara A Doyle-Meyers
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Maness
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Namita Rout
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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7
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Anmol K, Akanksha H, Zhengguo X. Are CD45RO+ and CD45RA- genuine markers for bovine memory T cells? ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEffective vaccination induces memory T cells, which protect the host against pathogen re-infections. Therefore, detection of memory T cells is essential for evaluating vaccine efficacy, which was originally dependent on cytokine induction assays. Currently, two isoforms of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, CD45RO expression and CD45RA exclusion (CD45RO+/ CD45RA-) are used extensively for detecting memory T cells in cattle. The CD45RO+/CD45RA- markers were first established in humans around three decades ago, and were adopted in cattle soon after. However, in the last two decades, some published data in humans have challenged the initial paradigm, and required multiple markers for identifying memory T cells. On the contrary, memory T cell detection in cattle still mostly relies on CD45RO+/CD45RA- despite some controversial evidence. In this review, we summarized the current literature to examine if CD45RO+/CD45RA- are valid markers for detecting memory T cells in cattle. It seems CD45RA and CD45RO (CD45RA/RO) as markers for identifying bovine memory T cells are questionable.
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8
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Khairallah C, Chu TH, Qiu Z, Imperato JN, Yang D, Sheridan BS. The accumulation of Vγ4 T cells with aging is associated with an increased adaptive Vγ4 T cell response after foodborne Listeria monocytogenes infection of mice. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35501808 PMCID: PMC9063344 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that aging has detrimental effects on conventional T cell responses to systemic infections. However, most pathogens naturally invade the body through mucosal barriers. Although mucosal sites are highly enriched in unconventional immune sentinels like γδ T cells, little is currently known about the impact of aging on unconventional mucosal T cell responses. We previously established that foodborne infection with a mouse-adapted internalin A mutant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) generates an adaptive intestinal memory CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells capable of co-producing IL-17A and IFNγ. Therefore, we used this model to evaluate the impact of aging on adaptive Vγ4 T cell responses elicited by foodborne infection. RESULTS Foodborne Lm infection of female Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice led to an increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response associated with aging. Moreover, Lm-elicited CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells maintained diverse functional subsets despite some alterations favoring IL-17A production as mice aged. In contrast to the documented susceptibility of aged mice to intravenous Lm infection, mice contained bacteria after foodborne Lm infection suggesting that elevated bacterial burden was not a major factor driving the increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response associated with mouse age. However, CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells accumulated in naïve mice as they aged suggesting that an increased precursor frequency contributes to the robust Lm-elicited mucosal response observed. Body mass did not appear to have a strong positive association with CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cells within age groups. Although an increased adaptive CD44hi CD27neg Vγ4 T cell response may contribute to foodborne Lm resistance of C57BL/6 mice aged 19 or more months, neither anti-TCRδ or anti-IL-17A treatment impacted Lm colonization after primary infection. These results suggest that γδTCR signaling and IL-17A are dispensable for protection after primary foodborne Lm infection consistent with the role of conventional T cells during the early innate immune response to Lm. CONCLUSIONS Lm-elicited adaptive Vγ4 T cells appear resistant to immunosenescence and memory Vγ4 T cells could be utilized to provide protective immune functions during enteric infection of aged hosts. As such, oral immunization might offer an efficient therapeutic approach to generate unconventional memory T cells in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Khairallah
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Timothy H. Chu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Jessica N. Imperato
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Daniella Yang
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
| | - Brian S. Sheridan
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 246 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook, 11794 NY USA
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9
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Pi J, Zhang Z, Yang E, Chen L, Zeng L, Chen Y, Wang R, Huang D, Fan S, Lin W, Shen H, Xu JF, Zeng G, Shen L. Nanocages engineered from Bacillus Calmette-Guerin facilitate protective Vγ2Vδ2 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:36. [PMID: 35033108 PMCID: PMC8760571 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a top killer among infectious diseases. While Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the sole TB vaccine, the clumped-clustered features of BCG in intradermal immunization appear to limit both the BCG protection efficacy and the BCG vaccination safety. We hypothesize that engineering of clumped-clustered BCG into nanoscale particles would improve safety and also facilitate the antigen-presenting-cell (APC)’s uptake and the following processing/presentation for better anti-TB protective immunity. Here, we engineered BCG protoplasts into nanoscale membraned BCG particles, termed as “BCG-Nanocage” to enhance the anti-TB vaccination efficiency and safety. BCG-Nanocage could readily be ingested/taken by APC macrophages selectively; BCG-Nanocage-ingested macrophages exhibited better viability and developed similar antimicrobial responses with BCG-infected macrophages. BCG-Nanocage, like live BCG bacilli, exhibited the robust capability to activate and expand innate-like T effector cell populations of Vγ2+ T, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells of rhesus macaques in the ex vivo PBMC culture. BCG-Nanocage immunization of rhesus macaques elicited similar or stronger memory-like immune responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, as well as Vγ2Vδ2 T and CD4+/CD8+ T effectors compared to live BCG vaccination. BCG-Nanocage- immunized macaques developed rapidly-sustained pulmonary responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells upon Mtb challenge. Furthermore, BCG- and BCG-Nanocage- immunized macaques, but not saline controls, exhibited undetectable Mtb infection loads or TB lesions in the Mtb-challenged lung lobe and hilar lymph node at endpoint after challenge. Thus, the current study well justifies a large pre-clinical investigation to assess BCG-Nanocage for safe and efficacious anti-TB vaccination, which is expected to further develop novel vaccines or adjuvants. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingchan Zeng
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Records Management, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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10
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Activated naïve γδ T cells accelerate deep molecular response to BCR-ABL inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 34785653 PMCID: PMC8595379 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target BCR-ABL are the frontline treatments in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Growing evidence has shown that TKIs also enhance immunity. Since gamma-delta T (γδT) cells possess the potent anticancer capability, here we investigated the potential involvement of γδT cells in TKI treatments for CML. We characterized γδT cells isolated from chronic-phase CML patients before and during TKI treatments. γδT expression increased significantly in CML patients who achieved major molecular response (MMR) and deep molecular response (DMR). Their Vδ2 subset of γδT also expanded, and increased expression of activating molecules, namely IFN-γ, perforin, and CD107a, as well as γδT cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, TKIs augmented the efflux of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) from CML cells, which stimulated IFN-γ production and γδT expansion. Notably, the size of the IFN-γ+ naïve γδT population in TKI-treated CML patients was strongly correlated with their rates to reach DMR and with the duration on DMR. Statistical analysis suggests that a cutoff of 7.5% IFN-γ+ naïve subpopulation of γδT in CML patients could serve as a determinant for MR4.0 sustainability. Our results highlight γδT cells as a positive regulator for TKI responses in CML patients.
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11
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Catafal-Tardos E, Baglioni MV, Bekiaris V. Inhibiting the Unconventionals: Importance of Immune Checkpoint Receptors in γδ T, MAIT, and NKT Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184647. [PMID: 34572874 PMCID: PMC8467786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary All conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells transiently express immune checkpoint/inhibitory receptors (ICRs) following activation as a means to counter-regulate overactivation. However, tumors promote chronic ICR expression rendering T cells chronically unresponsive or “exhausted”. Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy targets and blocks ICRs, restoring T cell activation and anti-tumor immunity. However, CPI therapy often fails, partly because of the tumor’s many abilities to inhibit MHC-driven T cell responses. In this regard, our immune system contains an arsenal of unconventional non-MHC-restricted T cells, whose importance in anti-tumor immunity is rapidly gaining momentum. There is currently little knowledge as to whether unconventional T cells can get exhausted and how CPI therapy affects them. In this article we review the current understanding of the role of ICRs in unconventional T cell biology and discuss the importance of targeting these unique immune cell populations for CPI therapy. Abstract In recent years, checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy has shown promising clinical responses across a broad range of cancers. However, many patients remain unresponsive and there is need for improvement. CPI therapy relies on antibody-mediated neutralization of immune inhibitory or checkpoint receptors (ICRs) that constitutively suppress leukocytes. In this regard, the clinical outcome of CPI therapy has primarily been attributed to modulating classical MHC-restricted αβ T cell responses, yet, it will inevitably target most lymphoid (and many myeloid) populations. As such, unconventional non-MHC-restricted gamma delta (γδ) T, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) and natural killer T (NKT) cells express ICRs at steady-state and after activation and may thus be affected by CPI therapies. To which extent, however, remains unclear. These unconventional T cells are polyfunctional innate-like lymphocytes that play a key role in tumor immune surveillance and have a plethora of protective and pathogenic immune responses. The robust anti-tumor potential of γδ T, MAIT, and NKT cells has been established in a variety of preclinical cancer models and in clinical reports. In contrast, recent studies have documented a pro-tumor effect of innate-like T cell subsets that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms that regulate such T cells and their response to CPI is critical in designing effective cancer immunotherapies that favor anti-tumor immunity. In this Review, we will discuss the current understanding regarding the role of immune checkpoint regulation in γδ T, MAIT, and NKT cells and its importance in anti-cancer immunity.
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12
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Pan N, Liu B, Bao X, Zhang H, Sheng S, Liang Y, Pan H, Wang X. Oral Delivery of Novel Recombinant Lactobacillus Elicit High Protection against Staphylococcus aureus Pulmonary and Skin Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090984. [PMID: 34579221 PMCID: PMC8473125 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial and community-associated infection worldwide; however, there is no licensed vaccine available. S. aureus initiates infection via the mucosa; therefore, a mucosal vaccine is likely to be a promising approach against S. aureus infection. Lactobacilli, a non-pathogenic bacterium, has gained increasing interest as a mucosal delivery vehicle. Hence, we attempted to develop an oral S. aureus vaccine based on lactobacilli to cushion the stress of drug resistance and vaccine needs. In this study, we designed, constructed, and evaluated recombinant Lactobacillus strains synthesizing S. aureus nontoxic mutated α-hemolysins (HlaH35L). The results from animal clinical trials showed that recombinant Lactobacillus can persist for at least 72 h and can stably express heterologous protein in vivo. Recombinant L. plantarum WXD234 (pNZ8148-Hla) could induce robust mucosal immunity in the GALT, as evidenced by a significant increase in IgA and IL-17 production and the strong proliferation of T-lymphocytes derived from Peyer’s patches. WXD234 (pNZ8148-Hla) conferred up to 83% protection against S. aureus pulmonary infection and significantly reduced the abscess size in a S. aureus skin infection model. Of particular interest is the sharp reduction of the protective effect offered by WXD234 (pNZ8148-Hla) vaccination in γδ T cell-deficient or IL-17-deficient mice. In conclusion, for the first time, genetically engineered Lactobacillus WXD234 (pNZ8148-Hla) as an oral vaccine induced superior mucosal immunity, which was associated with high protection against pulmonary and skin infections caused by S. aureus. Taken together, our findings suggest the great potential for a delivery system based on lactobacilli and provide experimental data for the development of mucosal vaccines for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Bohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Xuemei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Haiting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (N.P.); (B.L.); (X.B.); (H.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Giri S, Lal G. Differentiation and functional plasticity of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells under homeostatic and disease conditions. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:138-149. [PMID: 34146759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous population of immune cells, which constitute <5% of total T cells in mice lymphoid tissue and human peripheral blood. However, they comprise a higher proportion of T cells in the epithelial and mucosal barrier, where they perform immune functions, help in tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. These tissues resident γδ T cells possess properties of innate and adaptive immune cells which enables them to perform a variety of functions during homeostasis and disease. Emerging data suggest the involvement of γδ T cells during transplant rejection and survival. Interestingly, several functions of γδ T cells can be modulated through their interaction with other immune cells. This review provides an overview of development, differentiation plasticity into regulatory and effector phenotypes of γδ T cells during homeostasis and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Giri
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
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14
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AbdelMassih AF, Menshawey R, Ismail JH, Husseiny RJ, Husseiny YM, Yacoub S, Kamel A, Hozaien R, Yacoub E, Menshawey E, Abdelmalek A, Abouelazaem A, Elhatw A, Aboelmaaty A, Shahib A, Mansour A, Kamal A, Mohamed B, Atif B, Ghabreal B, Abdelmalak C, Ibrahim D, Elsaify E, Magdy F, Hanna FG, Hafez H, Dahir H, Merhom K, Ahmed M, Bishara M, Tawfik M, Youssef M, El Sharnouby M, Hamouda M, Ammar M, Ali N, Daniel N, El-Husseiny N, Abdelraouf N, Abdelhameed NK, Ahmed R, Othman R, Mohamadein R, Allam R, Elgendy R, Shebl R, Elsherbiney S, Fouad S, Emel S, Owais S, Hetta S, El-Saman S, Abdelalim S, Galal S, Asar Y, Osman Y, Khalaf Y, Aziz Y, Khafagy Y, Gamal N, Castaldi B. PPAR agonists as effective adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines, by modifying immunogenetics: a review of literature. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:82. [PMID: 34057580 PMCID: PMC8165506 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date. It is increasingly recognized that PPAR agonists can upregulate the levels of anti-apoptotic factors such as MCL-1. Such effect can improve the results of vaccination by enhancing the longevity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). The interaction between PPAR agonists and the immune system does not halt here, as T cell memory is also stimulated through enhanced T regulatory cells, antagonizing PD-L1 and switching the metabolism of T cells to fatty acid oxidation, which has a remarkable effect on the persistence of T memory cells. What is even of a more significant value is the effect of PPAR gamma on ensuring a profound secretion of antibodies upon re-exposure to the offending antigen through upregulating lipoxin B4, therefore potentially assisting the vaccine response and deterring re-infection. SHORT CONCLUSION In view of the above, we suggest the use of PPAR as adjuvants to vaccines in general especially the emerging COVID-19 vaccine due to their role in enhancing immunologic memory through DNA-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fakhry AbdelMassih
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pediatrics' Department, Cairo University Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al Ainy Street, Cairo, 12411, Egypt.
- Pediatric Cardio-Oncology Department, Children Cancer Hospital of Egypt (57357), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rahma Menshawey
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jumana H Ismail
- Pulmonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem J Husseiny
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousef M Husseiny
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, New Giza University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Shenoda Yacoub
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Kamel
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rafeef Hozaien
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elaria Yacoub
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa Menshawey
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abanoub Abdelmalek
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abouelazaem
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elhatw
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aboelmaaty
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaaelrahman Shahib
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Mansour
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Kamal
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basant Mohamed
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bemen Atif
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Beshoy Ghabreal
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Catherine Abdelmalak
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - David Ibrahim
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Elsaify
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Farah Magdy
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Farid G Hanna
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Hafez
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hafsa Dahir
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kerlos Merhom
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram Ahmed
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Bishara
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mina Tawfik
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical, Buffalo, USA
| | - Mohamed El Sharnouby
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mourad Hamouda
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Musheera Ammar
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Ali
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Daniel
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadine El-Husseiny
- Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Pixagon graphic design Agency, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdelraouf
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nuran K Abdelhameed
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ahmed
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Othman
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rahma Mohamadein
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Allam
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Elgendy
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Shebl
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saged Elsherbiney
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah Fouad
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara Emel
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara Owais
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah Hetta
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah El-Saman
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdelalim
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Galal
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yara Asar
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yara Osman
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Khalaf
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Youstina Aziz
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, 6th October University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Yousra Khafagy
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nervana Gamal
- Research Accessibility Team, Student and Internship research program, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Chand DJ, Magiri RB, Wilson HL, Mutwiri GK. Polyphosphazenes as Adjuvants for Animal Vaccines and Other Medical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:625482. [PMID: 33763409 PMCID: PMC7982900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.625482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are a class of experimental adjuvants that have shown great versatility as vaccine adjuvants in many animal species ranging from laboratory rodents to large animal species. Their adjuvant activity has shown promising results with numerous viral and bacterial antigens, as well as with crude and purified antigens. Vaccines adjuvanted with polyphosphazenes can be delivered via systemic and mucosal administration including respiratory, oral, rectal, and intravaginal routes. Polyphosphazenes can be used in combination with other adjuvants, further enhancing immune responses to antigens. The mechanisms of action of polyphosphazenes have not fully been defined, but several systematic studies have suggested that they act primarily by activating innate immunity. In the present review, we will highlight progress in the development of polyphosphazenes as adjuvants in animals and their other medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Chand
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Royford B Magiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - George K Mutwiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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16
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Qi C, Wang Y, Li P, Zhao J. Gamma Delta T Cells and Their Pathogenic Role in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627139. [PMID: 33732249 PMCID: PMC7959710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are an unconventional population of T lymphocytes that play an indispensable role in host defense, immune surveillance, and homeostasis of the immune system. They display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Although γδT cells make up only a small portion of the total T cell pool, emerging evidence suggest that aberrantly activated γδT cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Dermal γδT cells are the major IL-17-producing cells in the skin that respond to IL-23 stimulation. Furthermore, γδT cells exhibit memory-cell-like characteristics that mediate repeated episodes of psoriatic inflammation. This review discusses the differentiation, development, distribution, and biological function of γδT cells and the mechanisms by which they contribute to psoriasis. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells in psoriasis have also been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Qi
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Clark BL, Thomas PG. A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8903. [PMID: 33255339 PMCID: PMC7727649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human immune system is exacerbated by age-related changes to immune cell functionality. Many of these age-related effects remain undescribed or driven by mechanisms that are poorly understood. γδ T cells, while considered an adaptive subset based on immunological ontogeny, retain both innate-like and adaptive-like characteristics. This T cell population is small but mighty, and has been implicated in both homeostatic and disease-induced immunity within tissues and throughout the periphery. In this review, we outline what is known about the effect of age on human peripheral γδ T cells, and call attention to areas of the field where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Clark
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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18
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Sabbaghi A, Miri SM, Keshavarz M, Mahooti M, Zebardast A, Ghaemi A. Role of γδ T cells in controlling viral infections with a focus on influenza virus: implications for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Virol J 2020; 17:174. [PMID: 33183352 PMCID: PMC7659406 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza virus infection is among the most detrimental threats to the health of humans and some animals, infecting millions of people annually all around the world and in many thousands of cases giving rise to pneumonia and death. All those health crises happen despite previous and recent developments in anti-influenza vaccination, suggesting the need for employing more sophisticated methods to control this malign infection. Main body The innate immunity modules are at the forefront of combating against influenza infection in the respiratory tract, among which, innate T cells, particularly gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, play a critical role in filling the gap needed for adaptive immune cells maturation, linking the innate and adaptive immunity together. Upon infection with influenza virus, production of cytokines and chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 from respiratory epithelium recruits γδ T cells at the site of infection in a CCR5 receptor-dependent fashion. Next, γδ T cells become activated in response to influenza virus infection and produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17A. Regardless of γδ T cells' roles in triggering the adaptive arm of the immune system, they also protect the respiratory epithelium by cytolytic and non-cytolytic antiviral mechanisms, as well as by enhancing neutrophils and natural killer cells recruitment to the infection site. CONCLUSION In this review, we explored varied strategies of γδ T cells in defense to influenza virus infection and how they can potentially provide balanced protective immune responses against infected cells. The results may provide a potential window for the incorporation of intact or engineered γδ T cells for developing novel antiviral approaches or for immunotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailar Sabbaghi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahooti
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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McLaughlin TA, Khayumbi J, Ongalo J, Matete D, Tonui J, Muchiri B, Sasser LE, Campbell A, Allana S, Ouma SG, Hayara FO, Gandhi NR, Day CL. Adults from Kisumu, Kenya have robust γδ T cell responses to Schistosoma mansoni, which are modulated by tuberculosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008764. [PMID: 33044959 PMCID: PMC7580987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni (SM) is a parasitic helminth that infects over 200 million people and causes severe morbidity. It undergoes a multi-stage life cycle in human hosts and as such stimulates a stage-specific immune response. The human T cell response to SM is complex and varies throughout the life cycle of SM. Relative to the wealth of information regarding the immune response to SM eggs, little is known about the immune response to the adult worm. In addition, while a great deal of research has uncovered mechanisms by which co-infection with helminths modulates immunity to other pathogens, there is a paucity of data on the effect of pathogens on immunity to helminths. As such, we sought to characterize the breadth of the T cell response to SM and determine whether co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modifies SM-specific T cell responses in a cohort of HIV-uninfected adults in Kisumu, Kenya. SM-infected individuals were categorized into three groups by Mtb infection status: active TB (TB), Interferon-γ Release Assay positive (IGRA+), and Interferon-γ Release Assay negative (IGRA-). U.S. adults that were seronegative for SM antibodies served as naïve controls. We utilized flow cytometry to characterize the T cell repertoire to SM egg and worm antigens. We found that T cells had significantly higher proliferation and cytokine production in response to worm antigen than to egg antigen. The T cell response to SM was dominated by γδ T cells that produced TNFα and IFNγ. Furthermore, we found that in individuals infected with Mtb, γδ T cells proliferated less in response to SM worm antigens and had higher IL-4 production compared to naïve controls. Together these data demonstrate that γδ T cells respond robustly to SM worm antigens and that Mtb infection modifies the γδ T cell response to SM. Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic helminths including Schistosoma mansoni (SM), affects hundreds of millions of people globally. SM undergoes a complex life cycle within humans resulting in adult worm pairs that release eggs into the circulatory system. The human immune response to SM, especially to adult worms, is not well characterized. In addition, the impact of co-infections, which are common in SM endemic regions, on the immune response to SM is unknown. In this study, we first sought to characterize the T cell response to different stages of the SM life cycle. We next evaluated whether T cell responses to SM were altered in the setting of co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. We determined that human T cell responses to SM adult worm antigen are more robust than to SM egg antigen. This response is dominated by a non-classical T cell subset of γδ T cells producing IFNγ and TNFα. Lastly, we found that the ability of γδ T cells to proliferate in response to SM worm was lower in individuals with tuberculosis compared to naïve controls. This study provides novel insights into the immune response to SM and how tuberculosis may impair SM immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn A. McLaughlin
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah Khayumbi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Daniel Matete
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joan Tonui
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benson Muchiri
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Loren E. Sasser
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Angela Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Salim Allana
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Neel R. Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Comeau K, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Human and murine memory γδ T cells: Evidence for acquired immune memory in bacterial and viral infections and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104217. [PMID: 32979762 PMCID: PMC9533841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes that could play a role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. Upon initial exposure to an antigen, some activated T cells become memory T cells that could be reactivated upon secondary immune challenge. Recently, subsets of γδ T cells with a restricted antigen repertoire and long-term persistence have been observed after clearance of viral and bacterial infections. These γδ T cells possess the hallmark ability of memory T cells to respond more strongly and proliferate to a higher extent upon secondary infection. Murine and primate models of Listeria monocytogenes and cytomegalovirus infection display these memory hallmarks and demonstrate γδ T cell memory responses. In addition, human and non-human primate infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as non-human primate infection with monkeypox and studies on patients suffering from autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) reveal memory-like responses corresponding with disease. Murine models of psoriatic disease (imiquimod) and parasite infections (malaria) exhibited shifts to memory phenotypes with repeated immune challenge. These studies provide strong support for the formation of immune memory in γδ T cells, and memory γδ T cells may have a widespread role in protective immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Comeau
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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21
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Uchida Y, Gherardini J, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Alam M, Chéret J, Rossi A, Kanekura T, Gross CC, Arakawa A, Gilhar A, Bertolini M, Paus R. Pro-inflammatory Vδ1 +T-cells infiltrates are present in and around the hair bulbs of non-lesional and lesional alopecia areata hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:129-138. [PMID: 33039243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that NKG2D+cells are critically involved in alopecia areata (AA) pathogenesis. However, besides being expressed in CD8+T-cells and NK cells, NKG2D is also found in human γδT-cells. AA lesional hair follicles (HFs) overexpress NKG2D and γδTCR activating ligands, e.g. MICA and CD1d, and chemoattractants for γδT-cells, such as CXCL10. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether abnormal activities of γδT-cells may be involved in AA pathogenesis. METHODS We analyzed the number and activation status of γδT-cells in human healthy, lesional and non-lesional AA scalp biopsies by FACS and/or quantitative (immuno-)histomorphometry. RESULTS In healthy human scalp skin, the few skin-resident γδT-cells were found to be mostly Vδ1+, non-activated (CD69-NKG2Ddim) and positive for CXCL10, and CXCL12 receptors. These Vδ1+T-cells predominantly localized in/around the HF infundibulum. In striking contrast, the number of Vδ1+T-cells was significantly higher around and even inside the proximal (suprabulbar and bulbar) epithelium of lesional AA HFs. These cells also showed a pro-inflammatory phenotype, i.e. higher NKG2D, and IFN-γ and lower CD200R expression. Importantly, more pro-inflammatory Vδ1+T-cells were seen also around non-lesional AA HFs. Lesional AA HFs also showed significantly higher expression of CXCL12. CONCLUSION Our pilot study introduces skin-resident γδT-cells as a previously overlooked, but potentially important, mostly (auto-)antigen-independent, new innate immunity protagonist in AA pathobiology. The HF infiltration of these activated, IFN-γ-releasing cells already around non-lesional AA HFs suggest that Vδ1+T-cells are involved in the early stages of human AA pathobiology, and may thus deserve therapeutic targeting for optimal AA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation & Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University "La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Akiko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC, and Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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22
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Miller LS, Fowler VG, Shukla SK, Rose WE, Proctor RA. Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: Evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:123-153. [PMID: 31841134 PMCID: PMC7053580 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital and community settings, especially with the widespread emergence of virulent and multi-drug resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. There is an urgent and unmet clinical need for non-antibiotic immune-based approaches to treat these infections as the increasing antibiotic resistance is creating a serious threat to public health. However, all vaccination attempts aimed at preventing S. aureus invasive infections have failed in human trials, especially all vaccines aimed at generating high titers of opsonic antibodies against S. aureus surface antigens to facilitate antibody-mediated bacterial clearance. In this review, we summarize the data from humans regarding the immune responses that protect against invasive S. aureus infections as well as host genetic factors and bacterial evasion mechanisms, which are important to consider for the future development of effective and successful vaccines and immunotherapies against invasive S. aureus infections in humans. The evidence presented form the basis for a hypothesis that staphylococcal toxins (including superantigens and pore-forming toxins) are important virulence factors, and targeting the neutralization of these toxins are more likely to provide a therapeutic benefit in contrast to prior vaccine attempts to generate antibodies to facilitate opsonophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Miller
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Suite 209, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, 315 Trent Drive, Hanes House, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sanjay K Shukla
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.,Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 425 Henry Mall, Room 3445, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Warren E Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, 4123 Rennebohm Hall, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - Richard A Proctor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1550 Linden Drive, Microbial Sciences Building, Room 1334, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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23
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Identification of a tumor-specific allo-HLA-restricted γδTCR. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2870-2882. [PMID: 31585951 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019032409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are key players in cancer immune surveillance because of their ability to recognize malignant transformed cells, which makes them promising therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer. However, the biological mechanisms of how γδT-cell receptors (TCRs) interact with their ligands are poorly understood. Within this context, we describe the novel allo-HLA-restricted and CD8α-dependent Vγ5Vδ1TCR. In contrast to the previous assumption of the general allo-HLA reactivity of a minor fraction of γδTCRs, we show that classic anti-HLA-directed, γδTCR-mediated reactivity can selectively act on hematological and solid tumor cells, while not harming healthy tissues in vitro and in vivo. We identified the molecular interface with proximity to the peptide-binding groove of HLA-A*24:02 as the essential determinant for recognition and describe the critical role of CD8 as a coreceptor. We conclude that alloreactive γδT-cell repertoires provide therapeutic opportunities, either within the context of haplotransplantation or as individual γδTCRs for genetic engineering of tumor-reactive T cells.
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24
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Cooper AJR, Lalor SJ, McLoughlin RM. Activation of Human Vδ2 + γδ T Cells by Staphylococcus aureus Promotes Enhanced Anti-Staphylococcal Adaptive Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1039-1049. [PMID: 32651220 PMCID: PMC7416323 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Murine studies have shown the potential for γδ T cells to mediate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus in multiple tissue settings by the secretion of diverse cytokines. However, the role played by γδ T cells in human immune responses to S. aureus is almost entirely unknown. In this study, we establish the capacity of human Vδ2+ γδ T cells for rapid activation in response to S. aureus In coculture with S. aureus-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), Vδ2+ cells derived from peripheral blood rapidly upregulate CD69 and secrete high levels of IFN-γ. DCs mediate this response through direct contact and IL-12 secretion. In turn, IFN-γ released by Vδ2+ cells upregulates IL-12 secretion by DCs in a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, coculture with γδ T cells results in heightened expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and the lymph node homing molecule CCR7 on S. aureus-infected DCs. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with S. aureus-infected DCs, the addition of γδ T cells results in heightened CD4+ T cell activation. Our findings identify γδ T cells as potential key players in the early host response to S. aureus during bloodstream infection, promoting enhanced responses by both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, and support their consideration in the development of host-directed anti-S. aureus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Cooper
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Girard P, Ponsard B, Charles J, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Potent Bidirectional Cross-Talk Between Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and γδT Cells Through BTN3A, Type I/II IFNs and Immune Checkpoints. Front Immunol 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 32435249 PMCID: PMC7218166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and γδT cells are both critical players in immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancer due to their ability to sense microbes and cell stress through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or altered metabolism [phosphoantigens (PAgs)]. Their unique features, high functional plasticity and ability to interact with many immune cell types allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and orientating widely immune responses, hence contributing to protective and pathogenic immune responses. Yet, despite strategic and closed missions, potential interactions between pDCs and γδT cells are still unknown. Here we investigated whether there is interplay between pDCs and γδT cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Purified human pDCs and γδT cells were cocultured in presence of TLR-L, PAg, and zoledronate (Zol) to mimic both infectious and tumor settings. We demonstrated that TLR7/9L- or Zol-stimulated pDCs drive potent γδT-cell activation, Th1 cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity. Conversely PAg-activated γδT cells trigger pDC phenotypic changes and functional activities. We provided evidence that pDCs and γδT cells cross-regulate each other through soluble factors and cell-cell contacts, especially type I/II IFNs and BTN3A. Such interplay could be modulated by blocking selective immune checkpoints. Our study highlighted crucial bidirectional interactions between these key potent immune players. The exploitation of pDC-γδT cells interplay represents a promising opportunity to design novel immunotherapeutic strategies and restore appropriate immune responses in cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Benedicte Ponsard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Research and Development Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Team Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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26
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Nussbaumer O, Thurnher M. Functional Phenotypes of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells in Lymphoid Stress Surveillance. Cells 2020; 9:E772. [PMID: 32235722 PMCID: PMC7140623 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like proteins select γδ T cells and direct the migration of γδ T cell subsets to distinct anatomical sites. γδ T cells expressing Vδ2 paired with Vγ9 (Vγ9Vδ2 T cells) are the predominant γδ T cell type in human peripheral blood. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which cannot be studied easily in vivo because they do not exist in rodents, are often referred to as innate-like T cells. The genetically recombined γδ T cell receptor (TCR) that responds to isoprenoid-derived pyrophosphates (phosphoantigens) produced by infected and malignant cells in a butyrophilin-dependent manner qualifies them as therapeutically relevant components of the adaptive immune system. On the other hand, cell-surface proteins such as the C-type lectin CD161 mark a functional phenotype of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that mediates TCR-independent innate-like responses. Moreover, CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) and the G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 define Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with increased cytolytic potential and, like CD161, may also be expressed by dendritic cells, principally facilitating the generation of an innate-like immunological synapse. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functional phenotypes that are critical to lymphoid stress surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nussbaumer
- GammaDelta Therapeutics Ltd., The Westworks, 195 Wood Lane, London W12 7FQ, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk M, Placek W. Immunological Memory of Psoriatic Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020625. [PMID: 31963581 PMCID: PMC7014148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural course of psoriasis is the appearance of new lesions in the place of previous ones, which disappeared after a successful therapy. Recent studies of psoriasis etiopathogenesis showed that after psoriatic plaques have disappeared, in healthy skin we can still find a trace of inflammation in the form of tissue resident memory cells (TRM). They are originally responsible for protection against viral and bacterial infections in non-lymphatic tissues. In psoriatic inflammation, they are characterized by heterogeneity depending on their origin. CD8+ T cells TRM are abundantly present in psoriatic epidermis, while CD4+ TRM preferentially populate the dermis. In psoriasis, epidermal CD8+ TRM cells express CLA, CCR6, CD103 and IL-23R antigen and produce IL-17A during ex vivo stimulation. However, CD4+ CD103+ TRM can also colonize the epidermis and produce IL-22 during stimulation. Besides T cells, Th22 and epidermal DCs proved that epidermal cells in healed skin were still present and functioning after several years of disease remission. It explains the clinical phenomenon of the tendency of psoriatic lesions to relapse in the same location and it allows to develop new therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (W.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-678-6670; Fax: +48-89-678-6675
| | - Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kasprowicz-Furmańczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (W.P.)
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, The University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.-F.); (W.P.)
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de Ruiter K, Jochems SP, Tahapary DL, Stam KA, König M, van Unen V, Laban S, Höllt T, Mbow M, Lelieveldt BPF, Koning F, Sartono E, Smit JWA, Supali T, Yazdanbakhsh M. Helminth infections drive heterogeneity in human type 2 and regulatory cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/524/eaaw3703. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections induce strong type 2 and regulatory responses, but the degree of heterogeneity of such cells is not well characterized. Using mass cytometry, we profiled these cells in Europeans and Indonesians not exposed to helminths and in Indonesians residing in rural areas infected with soil-transmitted helminths. To assign immune alteration to helminth infection, the profiling was performed before and 1 year after deworming. Very distinct signatures were found in Europeans and Indonesians, showing expanded frequencies of T helper 2 cells, particularly CD161+ cells and ILC2s in helminth-infected Indonesians, which was confirmed functionally through analysis of cytokine-producing cells. Besides ILC2s and CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells in Indonesians produced type 2 cytokines. Regulatory T cells were also expanded in Indonesians, but only those expressing CTLA-4, and some coexpressed CD38, HLA-DR, ICOS, or CD161. CD11c+ B cells were found to be the main IL-10 producers among B cells in Indonesians, a subset that was almost absent in Europeans. A number of the distinct immune profiles were driven by helminths as the profiles reverted after clearance of helminth infections. Moreover, Indonesians with no helminth infections residing in an urban area showed immune profiles that resembled Europeans rather than rural Indonesians, which excludes a major role for ethnicity. Detailed insight into the human type 2 and regulatory networks could provide opportunities to target these cells for more precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Ruiter
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dicky L. Tahapary
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Koen A. Stam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marion König
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Laban
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, Netherlands
- Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Moustapha Mbow
- Department of Immunology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), 5005 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt
- Department of LKEB Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. A. Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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Abstract
Under many circumstances, prophylactic immunizations are considered as the only possible strategy to control infectious diseases. Considerable efforts are typically invested in immunogen selection but, erroneously, the route of administration is not usually a major concern despite the fact that it can strongly influence efficacy. The skin is now considered a key component of the lymphatic system with tremendous potential as a target for vaccination. The purpose of this review is to present the immunological basis of the skin-associated lymphoid tissue, so as to provide understanding of the skin vaccination strategies. Several strategies are currently being developed for the transcutaneous delivery of antigens. The classical, mechanical or chemical disruptions versus the newest approaches based on microneedles for antigen delivery through the skin are discussed herein.
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30
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Nguyen CT, Maverakis E, Eberl M, Adamopoulos IE. γδ T cells in rheumatic diseases: from fundamental mechanisms to autoimmunity. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:595-605. [PMID: 31506867 PMCID: PMC6815259 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system tightly regulate immune responses in order to maintain homeostasis and host defense. The interaction between those two systems is critical in the activation and suppression of immune responses which if unchecked may lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. γδ T cells are non-conventional lymphocytes, which express T cell receptor (TCR) γδ chains on their surface and straddle between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent advances in of γδ T cell biology have allowed us to expand our understanding of γδ T cell in the dysregulation of immune responses and the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on γδ T cells and their roles in skin and joint inflammation as commonly observed in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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31
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Innate immune protection from pneumonia virus of mice induced by a novel immunomodulator is prolonged by dual treatment and mediated by macrophages. Antiviral Res 2019; 171:104594. [PMID: 31470041 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for a large proportion of acute lower respiratory tract infections, specifically in children. Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) causes similar lung pathology and clinical disease in rodents, and is therefore an appropriate model of RSV infection. Previously, we demonstrated that a single intranasal dose of P-I-P, a novel immunomodulator composed of the toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C), an innate defense regulator peptide and a polyphosphazene, confers protection in Balb/c mice for up to 3 days from lethal PVM-15 infection. In the present study a dual intranasal treatment with P-I-P was shown to extend the duration of the protection conferred by P-I-P from PVM-15 challenge. Balb/c mice treated twice with P-I-P showed higher survival rates and milder clinical signs when compared to animals that received a single P-I-P dose. While the mice treated with two consecutive doses of P-I-P experienced some weight loss, they all recovered. The dual P-I-P treatment mediated infiltration of several innate immune cells into the BALF and lung, including alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and γδ T cells. Partial depletion of alveolar macrophages decreased survival rates and exacerbated clinical signs of mice subjected to the P-I-P dual treatment regime followed by PVM-15 challenge. This suggests that the alveolar macrophage is at least partially responsible for the protection elicited by this novel prophylactic treatment strategy.
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32
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Rotolo R, Leuci V, Donini C, Cykowska A, Gammaitoni L, Medico G, Valabrega G, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112839. [PMID: 31212634 PMCID: PMC6600566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Chiara Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Anna Cykowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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Oliveira BM, Rasteiro AM, Correia A, Pinto A, Meireles P, Ferreira PG, Vilanova M, Teixeira L. T cells in mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Holstein-Friesian cows. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3413. [PMID: 30833655 PMCID: PMC6399275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of immune cells present in the adipose tissue to metabolic homeostasis has been increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, in bovines few studies have so far addressed the immune cell populations resident in this tissue. Here we developed an eight-colour flow cytometry panel to address T cell populations present in bovine adipose tissue. Our results showed that γδ T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ CD3+ non-γδ T cells, as well as NK cells, are present in the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Holstein-Friesian cows. The frequency of both γδ T cells and CD8+ non-γδ T cells was found higher in mesenteric than in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The majority of T cells in adipose tissue presented a CD45RO+CD62L- phenotype, characteristic of effector memory cells, and the frequency of these cellular populations was higher than in the blood. The ratio of CD4+ T cells over CD8+ T cells was similar between subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissue but different from the one found in blood. Overall, our results highlight particular phenotypic characteristics of bovine adipose tissue T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M Oliveira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB -Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rasteiro
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB -Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Correia
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB -Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Meireles
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,SVAExpleite, Rua D. Sancho I, 3202, 4760-485, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Paula G Ferreira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,UMIB -Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luzia Teixeira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,UMIB -Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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O’Brien EC, McLoughlin RM. Considering the ‘Alternatives’ for Next-Generation Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Development. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:171-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Deroost K, Langhorne J. Gamma/Delta T Cells and Their Role in Protection Against Malaria. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2973. [PMID: 30619330 PMCID: PMC6306408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how γδT cells play a protective role in immunity against Plasmodium infection remain open questions. γδT cells expand in patients and mice infected with Plasmodium spp, and cytokine production and cytotoxic responses against blood-stage parasites are observed in vitro. Their expansion is associated with protective immunity induced by irradiated sporozoite immunization, and depletion of γδT cells in some mouse models of malaria excacerbates blood-stage infections. It is now clear that these cells can have many different functions, and data are emerging suggesting that in addition to having direct parasitocidal effects, they can regulate other immune cells during Plasmodium infections. Here we review some of the historic and more recent data on γδT cells, and in light of the new information on their potential protective roles we suggest that it is a good time to re-evaluate their activation requirements, specificity and function during malaria.
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36
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Khairallah C, Chu TH, Sheridan BS. Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2636. [PMID: 30538697 PMCID: PMC6277633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the efficient elimination of invasive pathogens while simultaneously preserving a beneficial relationship with commensal organisms and preventing autoimmunity. Although they only represent a small fraction of circulating and lymphoid T cells, γδ T cells form a substantial population at barrier sites and even outnumber conventional αβ T cells in some tissues. After their egress from the thymus, several γδ T cell subsets naturally establish residency in predetermined mucosal and epithelial locations, as exemplified by the restricted location of murine Vγ5+ and Vγ3Vδ1+ T cell subsets to the intestinal epithelium and epidermis, respectively. Because of their preferential location in barrier sites, γδ T cells are often directly or indirectly influenced by the microbiota or the pathogens that invade these sites. More recently, a growing body of studies have shown that γδ T cells form long-lived memory populations upon local inflammation or bacterial infection, some of which permanently populate the affected tissues after pathogen clearance or resolution of inflammation. Natural and induced resident γδ T cells have been implicated in many beneficial processes such as tissue homeostasis and pathogen control, but their presence may also exacerbate local inflammation under certain circumstances. Further understanding of the biology and role of these unconventional resident T cells in homeostasis and disease may shed light on potentially novel vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Khairallah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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37
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Witowski J, Kamhieh-Milz J, Kawka E, Catar R, Jörres A. IL-17 in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Inflammation and Angiogenesis: Conclusions and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1694. [PMID: 30534087 PMCID: PMC6275317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with peritoneal membrane remodeling. This includes changes in peritoneal vasculature, which may ultimately lead to inadequate solute and water removal and treatment failure. The potential cause of such alterations is chronic inflammation induced by repeated episodes of infectious peritonitis and/or exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. While these factors may jeopardize the peritoneal membrane integrity, it is not clear why adverse peritoneal remodeling develops only in some PD patients. Increasing evidence points to the differences that occur between patients in response to the same invading microorganism and/or the differences in the course of inflammatory reaction triggered by different species. Such differences may be related to the involvement of different inflammatory mediators. Here, we discuss the potential role of IL-17 in these processes with emphasis on its impact on peritoneal mesothelial cells and peritoneal vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Medicine I, Nephrology, Transplantation, Medical Intensive Care, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
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38
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Dantzler KW, Jagannathan P. γδ T Cells in Antimalarial Immunity: New Insights Into Their Diverse Functions in Protection and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2445. [PMID: 30405634 PMCID: PMC6206268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniquely expressing diverse innate-like and adaptive-like functions, γδ T cells exist as specialized subsets, but are also able to adapt in response to environmental cues. These cells have long been known to rapidly proliferate following primary malaria infection in humans and mice, but exciting new work is shedding light into their diverse functions in protection and following repeated malaria infection. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of functional specialization of γδ T cells in malaria, and the mechanisms dictating recognition of malaria parasites and resulting proliferation. We discuss γδ T cell plasticity, including changing interactions with other immune cells during recurrent infection and potential for immunological memory in response to repeated stimulation. Building on recent insights from human and murine experimental studies and vaccine trials, we propose areas for future research, as well as applications for therapeutic development.
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Pranzatelli MR, Allison TJ, McGee NR, Tate ED. Cerebrospinal fluid γδ T cell frequency is age-related: a case-control study of 435 children with inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disorders. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:103-112. [PMID: 29485697 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) γδ T cells in children are limited, due especially to the lack of control data. In adults, gamma/delta T cells (TCR-γδ) residing in the intrathecal space are sometimes involved in neuroinflammation. To evaluate the possible role of γδ T cells in paediatric neuroinflammation, we immunophenotyped cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood lymphocytes using flow cytometry in a case-control study of 100 children with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND), 312 with opsoclonus-myoclonus (OMS) and 23 with other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND). In NIND, the negative correlation between CSF γδ T cell frequency and patient age was striking: median frequency of 27% in infants and 3·3% in teens. Interindividual variations were largest in the youngest. There was no gender effect. In all OMS, after correcting for age, only a small effect of OMS severity remained. Measurement of markers for γδ T cell activation [human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)], maturation (CD45RA, CD45RO) or intracellular cytokine staining [interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ] failed to discriminate OMS and NIND groups. Of seven OMS immunotherapies/combinations, none altered the frequency of total CSF γδ T cells or subsets significantly. In OIND, the CSF γδ T cell frequency was < 10% for single samples of other paraneoplastic disorders [anti-neuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA)-1, PCA-1, teratoma-associated syndrome], cerebellar ataxia (post-infectious, ataxia-telangiectasia), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuroborreliosis and encephalitis. This study provides new insights into CSF γδ T cells in the paediatric population. Although their role in CSF remains elusive, the negative age correlation, resistance to immunotherapy and our age cut-off references for NIND are important findings for the design of future paediatric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pranzatelli
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA.,National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA
| | - T J Allison
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - N R McGee
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - E D Tate
- National Pediatric Myoclonus Center, Orlando, FL, USA.,National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA
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Dillen CA, Pinsker BL, Marusina AI, Merleev AA, Farber ON, Liu H, Archer NK, Lee DB, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Lee SK, Marchitto MC, Cai SS, Ashbaugh AG, May LS, Holland SM, Freeman AF, Miller LG, Yeaman MR, Simon SI, Milner JD, Maverakis E, Miller LS. Clonally expanded γδ T cells protect against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfection. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1026-1042. [PMID: 29400698 PMCID: PMC5824877 DOI: 10.1172/jci96481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that mediate durable protection against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfections are unclear, as recurrences are common despite high antibody titers and memory T cells. Here, we developed a mouse model of S. aureus skin reinfection to investigate protective memory responses. In contrast with WT mice, IL-1β-deficient mice exhibited poor neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance during primary infection that was rescued during secondary S. aureus challenge. The γδ T cells from skin-draining LNs utilized compensatory T cell-intrinsic TLR2/MyD88 signaling to mediate rescue by trafficking and producing TNF and IFN-γ, which restored neutrophil recruitment and promoted bacterial clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the LNs revealed a clonotypic S. aureus-induced γδ T cell expansion with a complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) aa sequence identical to that of invariant Vγ5+ dendritic epidermal T cells. However, this T cell receptor γ (TRG) aa sequence of the dominant CDR3 sequence was generated from multiple gene rearrangements of TRGV5 and TRGV6, indicating clonotypic expansion. TNF- and IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells were also expanded in peripheral blood of IRAK4-deficient humans no longer predisposed to S. aureus skin infections. Thus, clonally expanded γδ T cells represent a mechanism for long-lasting immunity against recurrent S. aureus skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bret L. Pinsker
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alina I. Marusina
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Orly N. Farber
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Da B. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger V. Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven K. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C. Marchitto
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuting S. Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa G. Ashbaugh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larissa S. May
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases
- Division of Molecular Medicine, and
- St. John’s Cardiovascular Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott I. Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joshua D. Milner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Vermijlen D, Gatti D, Kouzeli A, Rus T, Eberl M. γδ T cell responses: How many ligands will it take till we know? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 84:75-86. [PMID: 29402644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells constitute a sizeable and non-redundant fraction of the total T cell pool in all jawed vertebrates, but in contrast to conventional αβ T cells they are not restricted by classical MHC molecules. Progress in our understanding of the role of γδ T cells in the immune system has been hampered, and is being hampered, by the considerable lack of knowledge regarding the antigens γδ T cells respond to. The past few years have seen a wealth of data regarding the TCR repertoires of distinct γδ T cell populations and a growing list of confirmed and proposed molecules that are recognised by γδ T cells in different species. Yet, the physiological contexts underlying the often restricted TCR usage and the chemical diversity of γδ T cell ligands remain largely unclear, and only few structural studies have confirmed direct ligand recognition by the TCR. We here review the latest progress in the identification and validation of putative γδ T cell ligands and discuss the implications of such findings for γδ T cell responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium.
| | - Deborah Gatti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Ariadni Kouzeli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Teja Rus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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42
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Bian Z, Xu LP, Fu Q, Huo M, Liu L, Zhao X, Huang XJ, Liu J. Homeostatic γδ T Cell Contents Are Preserved by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Priming and Correlate with the Early Recovery of γδ T Cell Subsets after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:252-259. [PMID: 29061533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence from graft manipulations and immunotherapeutic treatments has highlighted a favorable effect of γδ T cells in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). However, γδ T cell subsets and their distinct features in the allograft have not been characterized. Additionally, whether homeostatic γδ T cell fractions are influenced by treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) remains elusive. We initially compared the phenotypes of γδ T cell subsets, including CD27+, CD27-, Vδ1+, Vδ2+, Vδ1+CD27+, Vδ1+CD27-, Vδ2+CD27+, and Vδ2+CD27- cells, in the peripheral blood of 20 healthy donors before and after G-CSF mobilization. The effects of G-CSF on the cytokine production capacities of γδ T cell subsets were also detected. Moreover, the correlation between donor homeostatic γδ T cell content and the early recoveries of γδ T cell subgroups after haploidentical HSCT was investigated in 40 pairs of donors and recipients. We found that both the proportions and IFN-γ secretion capacities of peripheral γδ T cell subsets were preserved in G-CSF-primed grafts. Homeostatic Vδ1 and Vδ2 proportions of donors significantly correlated with the early recoveries of Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells after haploidentical HSCT. Interestingly, a higher day 30 Vδ1 concentration was associated with a lower incidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in recipients. These results not only clarify the preservation of γδ T cell phenotypes and functional features by G-CSF mobilization but also suggest the importance of homeostatic γδ T cell content for immune recovery after alloHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Bian
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Huo
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangying Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.
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43
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de Witte MA, Kuball J, Miller JS. NK Cells and γδT Cells for Relapse Protection After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT). CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:301-311. [PMID: 29399441 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review The outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is still compromised by relapse and complications. NK cells and γδT cells, effectors which both function through MHC-unrestricted mechanisms, can target transformed and infected cells without inducing Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD). Allo-HCT platforms based on CD34+ selection or αβ-TCR depletion result in low grades of GVHD, early immune reconstitution (IR) of NK and γδT cells and minimal usage of GVHD prophylaxis. In this review we will discuss strategies to retain and expand the quantity, diversity and functionality of these reconstituting innate cell types. Recent findings Bisphosphonates, IL-15 cytokine administration, specific antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors and (CMV based) vaccination are currently being evaluated to enhance IR. All these approaches have shown to potentially enhance both NK and γδT cell immuno-repertoires. Summary Rapidly accumulating data linking innate biology to proposed clinical immune interventions, will give unique opportunities to unravel shared pathways which determine the Graft-versus-Tumor effects of NK and γδT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek A de Witte
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Suárez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Klatzmann D, Tsokos GC. T cells and autoimmune kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:329-343. [PMID: 28287110 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is traditionally considered to result from the invasion of the kidney by autoantibodies and immune complexes from the circulation or following their formation in situ, and by cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system. The inflammatory response leads to the proliferation and dysfunction of cells of the glomerulus, and invasion of the interstitial space with immune cells, resulting in tubular cell malfunction and fibrosis. T cells are critical drivers of autoimmunity and related organ damage, by supporting B-cell differentiation and antibody production or by directly promoting inflammation and cytotoxicity against kidney resident cells. T cells might become activated by autoantigens in the periphery and become polarized to secrete inflammatory cytokines before entering the kidney where they have the opportunity to expand owing to the presence of costimulatory molecules and activating cytokines. Alternatively, naive T cells could enter the kidney where they become activated after encountering autoantigen and expand locally. As not all individuals with a peripheral autoimmune response to kidney antigens develop glomerulonephritis, the contribution of local kidney factors expressed or produced by kidney cells is probably of crucial importance. Improved understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of T cells in patients with glomerulonephritis offers unique opportunities for the recognition of treatment targets for autoimmune kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sean J Bradley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University, INSERM UMR_S 959, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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45
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Muñoz-Ruiz M, Sumaria N, Pennington DJ, Silva-Santos B. Thymic Determinants of γδ T Cell Differentiation. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:336-344. [PMID: 28285814 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
γd T cells have emerged as major sources of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in multiple models of infection, cancer and autoimmune disease. However, unlike their αβ T cell counterparts that require peripheral activation for effector cell differentiation, γδ T cells instead can be 'developmentally programmed' in the thymus to generate discrete γδ T cell effector subsets with distinctive molecular signatures. Nonetheless, recent studies have presented conflicting viewpoints on the signals involved in thymic γδ T cell development and differentiation, namely on the role of both T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and TCR-independent factors. Here we review the current data and the ongoing controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nital Sumaria
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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