1
|
Chen LM, Pokhvisneva I, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Kvist T, Baldwin JR, Parent C, Silveira PP, Lahti J, Räikkönen K, Glover V, O'Connor TG, Meaney MJ, O'Donnell KJ. Independent Prediction of Child Psychiatric Symptoms by Maternal Mental Health and Child Polygenic Risk Scores. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:640-651. [PMID: 37977417 PMCID: PMC11105503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with an increased risk for child socioemotional and behavioral difficulties, supporting the fetal origins of mental health hypothesis. However, to date, studies have not considered specific genomic risk as a possible confound. METHOD The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort (n = 5,546) was used to test if child polygenic risk score for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, or depression confounds or modifies the impact of prenatal maternal depression and anxiety on child internalizing, externalizing, and total emotional/behavioral symptoms from age 4 to 16 years. Longitudinal child and adolescent symptom data were analyzed in the ALSPAC cohort using generalized estimating equations. Replication analyses were done in an independent cohort (Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction [PREDO] cohort; n = 514) from Finland, which provided complementary measures of maternal mental health and child psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Maternal depression and anxiety and child polygenic risk scores independently and additively predicted behavioral and emotional symptoms from childhood through mid-adolescence. There was a robust prediction of child and adolescent symptoms from both prenatal maternal depression (generalized estimating equation estimate = 0.093, 95% CI 0.065-0.121, p = 2.66 × 10-10) and anxiety (generalized estimating equation estimate = 0.065, 95% CI 0.037-0.093, p = 1.62 × 10-5) after adjusting for child genomic risk for mental disorders. There was a similar independent effect of maternal depression (B = 0.156, 95% CI 0.066-0.246, p = .001) on child symptoms in the PREDO cohort. Genetically informed sensitivity analyses suggest that shared genetic risk only partially explains the reported association between prenatal maternal depression and offspring mental health. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the genomic contribution to the fetal origins of mental health hypothesis and further evidence that prenatal maternal depression and anxiety are robust in utero risks for child and adolescent psychiatric symptoms. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Depression and anxiety affect approximately 15% of pregnant women, and children exposed to maternal depression or anxiety during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. However, the degree to which shared genetics explains the association between maternal and child mental health is unknown. In this study the authors generated polygenic risk scores (PRS), which provide a single measure of genetic risk for complex traits, to investigate the impact of shared genetic risk on the development of childhood mental health problems. Utilizing two longitudinal studies (n = 6,060), the authors found that PRS only partially explained the association between prenatal maternal depression and childhood mental health problems. These analyses show prenatal maternal depression remained a significant predictor of childhood mental health problems after accounting for shared genetic risk, further highlighting that prenatal maternal mental health is a robust predictor of child and adolescent mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Chen
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland; University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carine Parent
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jari Lahti
- University of Helsinki, Finland; Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Vivette Glover
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada; Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, McGill University, Canada; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zecchinato F, Ahmadzadeh YI, Kreppner JM, Lawrence PJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Paternal Anxiety and the Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes in Their Offspring. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00197-7. [PMID: 38697345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent worldwide; however, the literature lacks a meta-analytic quantification of the risk posed by fathers' anxiety for offspring development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive estimate of the magnitude of the association between paternal anxiety and emotional and behavioral problems of offspring. METHOD In February 2022, Web of Science, Ovid (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO), Trip Database, and ProQuest were searched to identify all quantitative studies that measured anxiety in fathers and emotional and/or behavioral outcomes in offspring. No limits were set for offspring age, publication language, or publication year. Summary estimates were extracted from the primary studies. Meta-analytic random-effects 3-level models were used to calculate correlation coefficients. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The study protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42022311501) and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. RESULTS Of 11,746 records identified, 98 were included in the meta-analysis. Small but significant associations were found between paternal anxiety and offspring emotional and behavioral problems overall (r = 0.16, 95% CI [0.13, 0.19]) and behavioral (r = 0.19, 95% CI [0.13, 0.24]), emotional (r = 0.15, 95% CI [0.12, 0.18]), anxiety (r = 0.13, 95% CI [0.11, 0.16]), and depression (r = 0.13, 95% CI [0.03, 0.23]) problems. Some significant moderators were identified. CONCLUSION Paternal mental health is associated with offspring development, and the offspring of fathers with anxiety symptoms or disorders are at increased risk of negative emotional and behavioral outcomes, in line with the principles of multifinality and pleiotropy. The substantial heterogeneity among studies and the overrepresentation of White European American groups in this literature highlight the need for further research. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zecchinato
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Yasmin I Ahmadzadeh
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana M Kreppner
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Lawrence
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tu EN, Manley H, Saunders KEA, Creswell C. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Risks of Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:407-421. [PMID: 37453607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched 4 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science [core collection]) to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies that examined the association between parental mood disorders (including bipolar disorder and unipolar depression) and risk of anxiety disorders in offspring. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) of overall and specific anxiety disorders were synthesized using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to identify moderation factors. RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in the final analysis. Our results showed higher risks of all types of anxiety disorders in the offspring of parents with mood disorders (any anxiety disorder, RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.47-2.26), except for agoraphobia (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.56-2.08), and with an especially elevated risk of panic disorder (RR = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.19-4.32). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the risks of anxiety disorders across the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder as opposed to unipolar depression. The absence of anxiety disorders in control parents, younger offspring age, and specific parent/offspring sex were associated with higher RRs for some anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a robust relationship between parental mood disorders and offspring anxiety disorders, and highlight the potential value of prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders in this context. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents with Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021215058.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En-Nien Tu
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | - Kate E A Saunders
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Liang H, Bjureberg J, Xiong F, Cai Z. The Association Between Emotion Recognition and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1-20. [PMID: 37991601 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the link between how well youth recognize emotions and their internalizing problems, but a consensus remains elusive. This study used a three-level meta-analysis model to quantitatively synthesize the findings of existing studies to assess the relationship. A moderation analysis was also conducted to explore the sources of research heterogeneity. Through a systematic literature search, a total of 42 studies with 201 effect sizes were retrieved for the current meta-analysis, and 7579 participants were included. Emotion recognition was negatively correlated with internalizing problems. Children and adolescents with weaker emotion recognition skills were more likely to have internalizing problems. In addition, this meta-analysis found that publication year had a significant moderating effect. The correlation between emotion recognition and internalizing problems decreased over time. The degree of internalizing problems was also found to be a significant moderator. The correlation between emotion recognition and internalizing disorders was higher than the correlation between emotion recognition and internalizing symptoms. Deficits in emotion recognition might be relevant for the development and/or maintenance of internalizing problems in children and adolescents. The overall effect was small and future research should explore the clinical relevance of the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Heting Liang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fen Xiong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DesRoches D, Mattheisen M, Plessen KJ, Pagsberg AK, Marin-Dragu S, Orr M, Meier SM. The Impact of Parental Mental Health Diagnoses, Trauma, and Coping Mechanisms on Their Children's Well-Being. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01626-6. [PMID: 37957447 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The transgenerational effects of parental diagnoses, trauma and coping mechanisms on children's internalizing symptoms are not well understood. In a population-based study of 933 families combining data from a web-based survey and the Danish registers, we used an online survey of parents to examine how parental diagnoses, trauma and coping mechanisms affect the development of internalizing symptoms in children aged 6 to 18 years. To account for attrition, we used inverse probability weights in our regression models. Children of parents diagnosed with depression or anxiety displayed more internalizing symptoms than children of controls. Similarly, children of parents who experienced multiple trauma had significantly more internalizing symptoms. In contrast, we observed significantly fewer internalizing symptoms among children of parents who felt they could cope well. The protective effect of parental coping persisted even after adjusting for parental diagnoses or trauma. Interventions boosting parental coping mechanisms might help to prevent the development of internalizing symptoms in children even among patients who have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety or experienced a high trauma load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danika DesRoches
- Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matt Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sandra Melanie Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- IWK Health Centre Department of Psychiatry & Specific Care Clinics, 5850/5980 University Ave, PO Box 9700, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Challacombe FL, Sabin K, Jacobson S, Tinch-Taylor R, Potts L, Carter B, Lawrence V. Patient and therapist experiences of exposure therapy for anxiety-related disorders in pregnancy: qualitative analysis of a feasibility trial of intensive versus weekly CBT. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e189. [PMID: 37822231 PMCID: PMC10594159 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 15% of pregnant women experience anxiety disorders. Effective treatments exist but their acceptability during pregnancy, particularly exposure therapy, is not known. AIMS To understand patient and therapist experiences of time-intensive and weekly exposure-based therapy for anxiety disorders delivered during pregnancy. Trial registration: ISRCTN81203286. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with patients and therapists who had taken part in a feasibility trial of predominantly online time-intensive versus weekly cognitive-behavioural therapy in pregnancy in a primary care setting in the UK. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS In total, 45 women participating in the trial and 6 therapists who had delivered the treatments were interviewed. Five themes were developed from the data that showed convergence from therapist and patient perspectives: 'Acquiring tools to navigate the perinatal period'; 'Motivated yet constrained by pregnancy'; 'Having the confidence to face fears and tolerate uncertainty'; 'Momentum with the need for flexibility'; 'Being removed from the face-to-face world'. CONCLUSIONS Exposure therapy is acceptable and helpful in pregnancy and can lead to lasting gains. Exposure is a key element of treatment and needs to be confidently conducted by therapists with perinatal knowledge and expertise. Treatments need to consider the unfolding context of pregnancy. The momentum of intensive therapy can lead to rapid improvements, but is demanding for both patients and therapists, especially fitting round other commitments. Online treatments can work well and are a good fit for perinatal women, but this needs to be balanced with the need for social connection, suggesting a hybrid model is the ideal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Challacombe
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Sabin
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Jacobson
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rose Tinch-Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Potts
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Lawrence
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anaya B, Neiderhiser JM, Pérez-Edgar K, Leve LD, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS. Developmental trajectories of behavioral inhibition from infancy to age seven: The role of genetic and environmental risk for psychopathology. Child Dev 2023; 94:e231-e245. [PMID: 37017208 PMCID: PMC10332342 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study leveraged data from a longitudinal adoption study of 361 families recruited between 2003 and 2010 in the United States. We investigated how psychopathology symptoms in birth parents (BP; Mage = 24.1 years; 50.5-62.9% completed high school) and adoptive parents (AP; Mage = 37.8 years; 80.9% completed college; 94% mother-father couples) influenced children's behavioral inhibition (BI) trajectories. We used latent growth models of observed BI at 18 and 27 months, and 4.5 and 7 years in a sample of adopted children (Female = 42%, White = 57%, Black = 11%, Multi-racial = 21%, Latinx = 9%). BI generally decreased over time, yet there was substantial variability in these trajectories. Neither BP nor AP psychopathology symptoms independently predicted systematic differences in BI trajectories. Instead, we found that AP internalizing symptoms moderated the effects of BP psychopathology on trajectories of BI, indicating a gene by environment interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu X, Griffiths H, Murray AL. Co-Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Distress and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: Associations with Self-Harm and Suicide Attempts. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:847-858. [PMID: 36749476 PMCID: PMC10195721 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that parental mental illness and child internalizing and externalizing problems tend to co-occur and engender risk for adverse child outcomes; however, there is considerable heterogeneity in their joint developmental trajectories. This study aimed to evaluate the joint developmental trajectories of maternal and paternal psychological distress and child internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood to middle adolescence. Given that suicide and self-harm are major public health issues in adolescence and often occur in the context of other mental health issues, we also examined the association between these joint trajectories and these outcomes in adolescence. Parallel-process latent class growth analysis was applied to 14 years of follow-up data from a large-scale, nationally representative sample of youths participating in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; n = 12,520, 50.9% male). Results showed the best-fitting solution had four trajectory classes: (1) low symptoms, 59.0%; (2) moderate symptoms in children, 22.5%; (3) notable symptoms in fathers, 10.7%; and (4) co-occurring maternal and child symptoms, 7.8%. The trajectory groups differed in their self-harm and suicide attempts in adolescence, underscoring the possible importance of the roles of both parental distress and child problem behaviors processes in these outcomes. Future studies will be valuable to rigorously test the directionality and the respective roles of parents and children in this association. Our findings suggest the need for two-generation mental health intervention programs that are tailored based on co-developmental trajectory group membership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Helen Griffiths
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, EH8 9JZ, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo F, Zhu Z, Du Y, Chen L, Cheng Y. Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression Based on Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3979-4003. [PMID: 37004608 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mood disorder that tends to occur after the delivery, which may bring lifelong consequences to women and their families in terms of family relationships, social relationships, and mental health. Currently, various risk factors including environmental factors and genetic factors that may induce postpartum depression have been extensively studied. In this review, we suggest that postpartum women's susceptibility to postpartum depression may be the result of the interaction between the genes associated with postpartum depression as well as the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. We reviewed the genes that have been studied in postpartum depression, including genes related to the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of monoamine neurotransmitters, key molecules of the HPA axis, and the kynurenine pathway. These studies have found more or less gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, so we will discuss these issues in more detail. However, so far, the conclusions of these risk factors, especially genetic factors, are not completely consistent in the occurrence and exacerbation of symptoms in postpartum depression, and it is not clear how these risk factors specifically participate in the pathological mechanism of the disease and play a role. We conclude that the role of genetic polymorphisms, including genetic and epigenetic processes, in the occurrence and development of postpartum depression, is complex and ambiguous. We also note that interactions between multiple candidate genes and the environment have been suggested as causes of depression, suggesting that more definitive research is needed to understand the heritability and susceptibility of PPD. Overall, our work supports the hypothesis that postpartum depression is more likely to be caused by a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors than by a single genetic or environmental influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zimo Zhu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McAdams TA, Cheesman R, Ahmadzadeh YI. Annual Research Review: Towards a deeper understanding of nature and nurture: combining family-based quasi-experimental methods with genomic data. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:693-707. [PMID: 36379220 PMCID: PMC10952916 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing between the effects of nature and nurture constitutes a major research goal for those interested in understanding human development. It is known, for example, that many parent traits predict mental health outcomes in children, but the causal processes underlying such associations are often unclear. Family-based quasi-experimental designs such as sibling comparison, adoption and extended family studies have been used for decades to distinguish the genetic transmission of risk from the environmental effects family members potentially have on one another. Recently, these designs have been combined with genomic data, and this combination is fuelling a range of exciting methodological advances. In this review we explore these advances - highlighting the ways in which they have been applied to date and considering what they are likely to teach us in the coming years about the aetiology and intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom A. McAdams
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Egotubov A, Gordon-Hacker A, Sheiner E, Gueron-Sela N. Maternal anxiety and toddler depressive/anxiety behaviors: The direct and moderating role of children's focused attention. Infant Behav Dev 2023; 70:101800. [PMID: 36527828 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention mechanisms have a pertinent role in shaping developmental pathways to anxiety and depressive disorders. The current study examined the direct and interactive associations between maternal anxiety symptoms, children's focused attention, and children's anxiety and depression behaviors in early toddlerhood. Participants were 150 mother-child dyads (50 % female) that were assessed at two time points. At 12 months of child age, mothers reported about their anxiety symptoms and children's focused attention. Children's focused attention was also observed and rated from an individual play task. At 18 months of age, mothers reported about children's anxiety and depression behaviors. Focused attention predicted child anxiety and depressive behaviors, with different patterns of associations between observed and reported measures of attention. There was also a significant interaction between maternal anxiety symptoms and observed children's focused attention. A positive association between maternal anxiety symptoms and child anxiety and depression symptoms was evident only for children with above-average levels of observed focused attention during play. Results suggest that different aspects of focused attention play a role in maternal reported anxiety and depression behaviors in early development and may modulate the intergenerational transmission of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eyal Sheiner
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baldwin JR, Sallis HM, Schoeler T, Taylor MJ, Kwong ASF, Tielbeek JJ, Barkhuizen W, Warrier V, Howe LD, Danese A, McCrory E, Rijsdijk F, Larsson H, Lundström S, Karlsson R, Lichtenstein P, Munafò M, Pingault JB. A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:269-290. [PMID: 36482079 PMCID: PMC7614239 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene-environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associations between ACEs and mental health. Regarding gene-environment correlations, children with higher polygenic scores for mental health problems had a small increase in odds of ACEs. Regarding genetic confounding, elevated risk of mental health problems in children exposed to ACEs was at least partially due to pre-existing genetic risk. However, some ACEs (such as childhood maltreatment and parental mental illness) remained associated with mental health problems independent of genetic confounding. These findings suggest that interventions addressing heritable psychiatric vulnerabilities in children exposed to ACEs may help reduce their risk of mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Baldwin
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jorim J Tielbeek
- CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wikus Barkhuizen
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eamon McCrory
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartels M, Middeldorp CM. The Association of Childhood Maltreatment and Mental Health Problems: Partly Causal and Partly Due to Other Factors. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:105-107. [PMID: 36722120 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Bartels); Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (Bartels); Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Middeldorp); Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia (Middeldorp)
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Bartels); Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (Bartels); Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Middeldorp); Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia (Middeldorp)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Middeldorp CM. One mental health problem influencing the risk for another, within individuals and between siblings. Commentary on Allegrini et al. (2022). JCPP ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christel M. Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Brisbane Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pavlova B, Bagnell A, Cumby J, Vallis EH, Abidi S, Lovas D, Propper L, Alda M, Uher R. Sex-Specific Transmission of Anxiety Disorders From Parents to Offspring. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2220919. [PMID: 35819786 PMCID: PMC9277490 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although anxiety disorders are known to run in families, the relative contribution of genes and environment is unclear. Patterns of sex-specific transmission of anxiety may point to different pathways in how parents pass anxiety disorders down to their children; however, the association of parent and offspring sex with the transmission of anxiety disorders has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the transmission of anxiety from parents to children is sex specific. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional family study recruited participants from the general population (enriched for familial risk of mood disorders) in Nova Scotia, Canada, from February 1, 2013, to January 31, 2020. EXPOSURES Anxiety disorder in the same-sex or opposite-sex parent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Semistructured interviews were used to establish lifetime diagnoses of anxiety disorder in parents and offspring. The association between anxiety disorder in the same-sex or opposite-sex parent and anxiety disorders in the offspring was tested with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 398 offspring (203 female offspring with a mean [SD] age of 11.1 [3.7] years and 195 male offspring with a mean [SD] age of 10.6 [3.1] years) of 221 mothers and 237 fathers participated in the study. Anxiety disorders in the same-sex parent (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% CI, 1.52-5.34; P = .001) were associated with increased rates of anxiety disorders in the offspring, whereas anxiety disorders in the opposite-sex parent (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.81-2.81; P = .20) were not. Sharing a household with a same-sex parent without anxiety was associated with lower rates of offspring anxiety (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.67; P = .001), but the presence of an opposite-sex parent without anxiety was not (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.56-1.63; P = .88). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study of families, an association between the same-sex parent's anxiety disorder and anxiety disorders in offspring suggests an environmental mechanism, such as modeling. Future studies should establish whether treating parents' anxiety may protect their children from developing an anxiety disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jill Cumby
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sabina Abidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Lovas
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lonigro A, Longobardi E, Laghi F. The interplay between expressive suppression, emotional self-efficacy and internalizing behavior in middle adolescence. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are predictive of negative outcomes in adolescence which, in turn, may impact on later well-being.
Objective
The current study aimed at testing the moderating role of emotional self-efficacy on the relation between expressive suppression and the engagement in internalizing behavior, controlling for gender effect.
Method
A total of 526 adolescents (Mage = 14.7 years, age range = 14–17 years) filled out self-report questionnaires evaluating expressive suppression, emotional regulatory self-efficacy, and internalizing behavior, respectively.
Results
Suppressors with lower positive emotion self-efficacy were more likely to engage in internalizing behavior than suppressors with higher positive emotion self-efficacy.
Conclusions
Despite several limitations, the study provided preliminary insights on the role played by emotional self-efficacy in the relation between expressive suppression and internalizing behavior in middle adolescence.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
During the past decade, polygenic scores have become a fast-growing area of research in the behavioural sciences. The ability to directly assess people's genetic propensities has transformed research by making it possible to add genetic predictors of traits to any study. The value of polygenic scores in the behavioural sciences rests on using inherited DNA differences to predict, from birth, common disorders and complex traits in unrelated individuals in the population. This predictive power of polygenic scores does not require knowing anything about the processes that lie between genes and behaviour. It also does not mandate disentangling the extent to which the prediction is due to assortative mating, genotype-environment correlation, or even population stratification. Although bottom-up explanation from genes to brain to behaviour will remain the long-term goal of the behavioural sciences, prediction is also a worthy achievement because it has immediate practical utility for identifying individuals at risk and is the necessary first step towards explanation. A high priority for research must be to increase the predictive power of polygenic scores to be able to use them as an early warning system to prevent problems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bartels M. Editorial: The Value of Genetically Informative Designs to Understand Pathways of Intergenerational Transmission and Direction of Causality. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:808-810. [PMID: 33677036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the social, behavioral, and medical sciences is to determine the causality underlying associations between risk factors and behavioral or disease outcomes. An area in which insight into causality, and especially direction of causation of possible risk factors and outcomes, could have enormous (clinical) impact is the field of childhood and adolescent psychiatry. Abundant evidence shows that psychopathology runs in families, but the pathways underlying shared family risk are unclear. Large twin family studies provide robust estimates for the heritability of childhood and adolescent behavioral and emotional problems, but direct non-genetic effects from parent to offspring or vice versa cannot be excluded. Question remains as to whether there is a direct causal effect of parental mental health status on the mental health and well-being of their offspring above and beyond the transmission of genetic susceptibility. Genetically informed methods provide opportunities to tackle this causality challenge.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bartels
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|