1
|
Goel RR, Rook AH. Immunobiology and treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:985-996. [PMID: 38450476 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2326035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogenous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas derived from skin-homing T cells. These include mycosis fungoides and its leukemic variant Sezary syndrome, as well as the CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide a summary of the current literature on CTCL, with a focus on the immunopathogenesis and treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in immunology have provided new insights into the biology of malignant T cells. This in turn has led to the development of new therapies that modulate the immune system to facilitate tumor clearance or target specific aspects of tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health (I3H), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Warda A, Staniszewski LJP, Sabir Z, Livingston S, Sausedo M, Reshi S, Ron E, Applegate MT, Haddad D, Khamisi M, Marshall PA, Wagner CE, Jurutka PW. Development of Bexarotene Analogs for Treating Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cells 2023; 12:2575. [PMID: 37947652 PMCID: PMC10647404 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a drug approved for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is classified as a rexinoid by its ability to act as a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist with high specificity. Rexinoids are capable of inducing RXR homodimerization leading to the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human cancers. Numerous studies have shown that bexarotene is effective in reducing viability and proliferation in CTCL cell lines. However, many treated patients present with cutaneous toxicity, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia due to crossover activity with retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and liver X receptor (LXR) signaling, respectively. In this study, 10 novel analogs and three standard compounds were evaluated side-by-side with bexarotene for their ability to drive RXR homodimerization and subsequent binding to the RXR response element (RXRE). In addition, these analogs were assessed for proliferation inhibition of CTCL cells, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Furthermore, the most effective analogs were analyzed via qPCR to determine efficacy in modulating expression of two critical tumor suppressor genes, ATF3 and EGR3. Our results suggest that these new compounds may possess similar or enhanced therapeutic potential since they display enhanced RXR activation with equivalent or greater reduction in CTCL cell proliferation, as well as the ability to induce ATF3 and EGR3. This work broadens our understanding of RXR-ligand relationships and permits development of possibly more efficacious pharmaceutical drugs. Modifications of RXR agonists can yield agents with enhanced biological selectivity and potency when compared to the parent compound, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankedo Warda
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Lech J. P. Staniszewski
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Michael Sausedo
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Sabeeha Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Eyal Ron
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Michael T. Applegate
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Dena Haddad
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Madleen Khamisi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Pamela A. Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Carl E. Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
TOX Expression in Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071582. [PMID: 35885488 PMCID: PMC9316398 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the two most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Currently, no markers can be clearly related to prognosis or to differential diagnosis between early stages and inflammatory benign diseases (IBD). The thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor (TOX), has been proposed as a possible marker in differential diagnosis between early CTCL stages and IBD. Recently TOX has been related to prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether TOX may be a diagnostic or prognostic marker. MF and SS biopsies between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved. New tissues slides were stained with an anti-TOX antibody, (Clone NAN448B). On each slide, 5 fields were examined at high magnification (400×), to evaluate the percentage of marker-positivity in a quantitative way. Thirty-six patients (12 females and 24 males) and 48 biopsies were collected. Nine patients had multiple biopsies. TOX expression in MF/SS cases showed an increase from early to advanced phases. TOX was not regarded as a prognostic marker due to the absence of significant changes by comparing early MF cases with reactive conditions. TOX statistical significance increased in patients alive with disease and in those dead of disease (p = 0.013 and = 0.0005, respectively) as compared with patients in complete remission. Our results show that TOX should be regarded more as a prognostic than a diagnostic marker.
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in the Pathogenesis of Sézary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020936. [PMID: 35055124 PMCID: PMC8781892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome is an aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, characterized by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and peripheral blood involvement by CD4+ malignant T-cells. The pathogenesis of Sézary syndrome is not fully understood. However, the course of the disease is strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which is altered by a combination of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The crosstalk between malignant and reactive cells affects the immunologic response against tumor cells causing immune dysregulation. This review focuses on the interaction of malignant Sézary cells and the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Challenging Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: What Animal Models Tell us So Far. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1533-1540. [PMID: 35000751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are characterized by heterogeneity of clinical variants, further complicated by genomic and microenvironmental variables. Furthermore, in vitro experiments are hampered by the low culture efficiency of these malignant cells. Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying malignancy and for discovering new anticancer treatments. They are divided into two main categories: those in which tumors arise in the host owing to genetic modifications and those that use tumor cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize the attempts to decipher the complexity of the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by exploiting genetically modified and xenograft models.
Collapse
|
6
|
The Microenvironment's Role in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: From Progression to Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102780. [PMID: 34685762 PMCID: PMC8534987 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. It has been hypothesized that the interaction between the immune system, cutaneous cells, and neoplastic elements may play a role in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression. METHODS This paper aims to revise in a narrative way our current knowledge of the microenvironment's role in MF/SS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Literature data support a possible implication of microenvironment cells in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression, opening up new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jonak C, Tittes J, Brunner PM, Guenova E. Mycosis fungoides und Sézary-Syndrom. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1307-1335. [PMID: 34541808 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14610_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Jonak
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Julia Tittes
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Medizin, Universität Lausanne, Lausanne, Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jonak C, Tittes J, Brunner PM, Guenova E. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1307-1334. [PMID: 34541796 PMCID: PMC9293091 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) with not yet fully understood etiology and pathogenesis. Conceptually, MF and SS are classified as distinct entities arising from different T helper cell subsets. MF is the most common CTCL entity, while SS is very rare. MF presents clinically with patch, plaque and/or tumor stages, but can also evolve as erythroderma, which in turn is pathognomonic for SS. SS is characterized by a detectable tumor-cell burden (Sézary cells) in the peripheral blood consistent with advanced-stage disease and a poor prognosis. In early-stage disease of MF, which is the predominant form, the prognosis is generally favorable. However, in up to 30 % of patients, there is progression of skin lesions, which can ultimately lead to visceral involvement. The histological manifestation of MF can be subtle in early-stage disease and therefore a careful clinicopathological correlation is paramount. The treatment of MF/SS is dependent on the disease stage. Therapeutic options include both skin-directed and systemic regimens. Apart from allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), there is as yet no curative therapy for MF/SS. Accordingly, the treatment approach is symptom oriented and aims to reduce the tumor burden and improve health-related quality of life. However, the therapeutic landscape for CTCL is constantly being expanded by the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Tittes
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roccuzzo G, Giordano S, Fava P, Pileri A, Guglielmo A, Tonella L, Sanlorenzo M, Ribero S, Fierro MT, Quaglino P. Immune Check Point Inhibitors in Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Biologic Rationale, Clinical Results and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733770. [PMID: 34485162 PMCID: PMC8415544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCL) are the most common types of cutaneous lymphomas, with Mycosis fungoides as the most frequent subtype. Besides early stages which usually have a good prognosis, advanced stages remain a great therapeutic challenge with low survival rates. To date, none of the currently available therapeutic options have significantly improved the outcomes of advanced cutaneous lymphomas. Recent studies have demonstrated that immune-checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, play part in the proliferation pathways of neoplastic T-cells, as well as in other tumors. Hence, the potential role of immune-checkpoint-inhibitors in treating cutaneous lymphomas has been investigated in the last years. Herein, we outline the current knowledge regarding the role of immune-checkpoint molecules in PCTCL, their signaling pathways, microenvironment and therapeutic inhibition rationale. Moreover, we review the published data on immunotherapies in PCTCL and summarize the currently ongoing clinical trials in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology-IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology-IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phenotypical Markers, Molecular Mutations, and Immune Microenvironment as Targets for New Treatments in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides and/or Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:484-495. [PMID: 33162051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas encompass a wide spectrum of rare lymphoproliferative disorders originating in the skin, among which, mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype. The treatment of this disease is based on skin-directed therapies eventually in association with biologic response modifiers in the early phases, whereas in patients with the advanced stages, several therapeutic strategies can be used including mono and/or polychemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. In recent years, the identification of specific markers (phenotypical, immunological, and molecular) has led to the development of several studies (including two randomized phase III trials). The results of these studies are modifying our therapeutic strategy toward a personalized treatment approach in which the clinical characteristics of the patients and tumor-node-metastasis-blood stage are considered together with the expression of specific markers (i.e., a CD30-positive expression for the use of brentuximab vedotin). This review will provide a comprehensive scenario of the main phenotypical, molecular, and immunological markers related to MF pathogenesis and disease evolution, which could represent the target for the development of innovative effective treatments in this disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bobrowicz M, Fassnacht C, Ignatova D, Chang YT, Dimitriou F, Guenova E. Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2020. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:733-745. [PMID: 32690848 DOI: 10.1159/000509281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous disease group of unknown etiology with a complex immunological background. As CTCL arises from T cells that have a vital role in the antitumor response, their therapy is largely aimed at reversing the immunological mechanisms leading to or manifesting during this malignancy. Early disease stages can be controlled with skin-directed therapy in most CTCL cases. Still, advanced CTCL has a dismal prognosis and warrants systemic therapy. Despite considerable progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and the numerous systemic treatment options available, long-term remission rates with conventional treatments alone are still low. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative option for advanced CTCL, including mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. The aims of this review is to summarize the recent findings on the immunology of this heterogeneous disease and to present the advances in its clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Fassnacht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desislava Ignatova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Tsan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, .,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nielsen PR, Eriksen JO, Lindahl LM, Wehkamp U, Bzorek M, Andersen G, Woetmann A, Iversen L, Ødum N, Litman T, Gjerdrum LMR. Diagnostic Two-Gene Classifier in Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:213-217.e5. [PMID: 32454067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Rude Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Gitte Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas involving primarily the skin and mycosis fungoides is its most frequent entity. Whereas most patients show an indolent course in early disease (clinical stages IA to IIA), some patients progress to advanced disease (stage IIB or higher), and the 5-year survival rate is unfavorable: only 47% (stage IIB) to 18% (stage IVB). Except for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, there is currently no cure for CTCL and thus treatment approaches are palliative, focusing on patients’ health-related quality of life. Our aims were to review the current understanding of the pathogenesis of CTCL, such as the shift in overall immune skewing with progressive disease and the challenges of making a timely diagnosis in early-stage disease because of the lack of reliable positive markers for routine diagnostics, and to discuss established and potential treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and novel targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Knobler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu T, Buus TB, Krejsgaard T, Nansen A, Lundholt BK, Spee P, Fredholm S, Petersen DL, Blümel E, Gluud M, Monteiro MN, Willerslev-Olsen A, Andersen MH, Straten PT, Met Ö, Stolearenco V, Fogh H, Gniadecki R, Nastasi C, Litman T, Woetmann A, Gjerdrum LMR, Ødum N. Expression and function of Kv1.3 channel in malignant T cells in Sézary syndrome. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4894-4906. [PMID: 31448055 PMCID: PMC6690676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (KCNA3) is expressed by a subset of chronically activated memory T cells and plays an important role in their activation and proliferation. Here, we show that primary malignant T cells isolated from patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) express Kv1.3 and are sensitive to potent Kv1.3 inhibitors ShK and Vm24, but not sensitive to a less potent inhibitor [N17A/F32T]-AnTx. Kv1.3 blockade inhibits CD3/CD28-induced proliferation and IL-9 expression by SS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In parallel, CD3/CD28-mediated CD25 induction is inhibited, whereas Kv1.3 blockade has no effect on apoptosis or cell death as judged by Annexin V and PI staining. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that malignant T cells in SS express functional Kv1.3 channels and that Kv1.3 blockade inhibits activation-induced proliferation as well as cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in malignant T cells, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a potential target for therapy in SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengpeng Hu
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild Brink Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anneline Nansen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Zealand Pharma A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Simon Fredholm
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Leander Petersen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edda Blümel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madalena N. Monteiro
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica Stolearenco
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Fogh
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Highly cytotoxic natural killer cells are associated with poor prognosis in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1818-1827. [PMID: 30054309 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Paradoxically higher NK-cell activity in CTCL patients is associated with increased expression of phosphorylated STAT5. These highly effective NK cells are associated with poor prognosis in patients with leukemic CTCL.
Collapse
|
17
|
αEβ7 Expression Increases With the Extent of Cutaneous Involvement in Mycosis Fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:630-636. [PMID: 30839339 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion molecules are essential to lymphocyte migration in neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. Our aim was to investigate possible differences in cell adhesion molecule expression between mycosis fungoides (MF) and inflammatory skin diseases (drug reactions and allergic contact dermatitis). METHODS We selected 33 biopsies from patients with MF and 10 biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases from Department of Pathology-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from January 1997 to December 2013. Expression of α4β1 integrin and αEβ7 integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in intraepidermal lymphocytes by counting 4 microscopic epidermal fields (×400) and comparing those between the 2 groups. RESULTS We observed increased expression of integrin αEβ7 in intraepidermal lymphocytes in advanced stages of MF (T3 and T4). αEβ7 expression was detected in intraepidermal dendritic cells of MF and inflammatory diseases samples. The expression of E-cadherin in epidermal cells in MF outlined Pautrier microabscesses, whereas in inflammatory diseases, spongiosis reduced its expression in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here support the idea that the lymphocyte migratory mechanism observed in neoplasms is similar to that of inflammatory processes of the skin.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vieyra-Garcia P, Crouch JD, O'Malley JT, Seger EW, Yang CH, Teague JE, Vromans AM, Gehad A, Win TS, Yu Z, Lowry EL, Na JI, Rook AH, Wolf P, Clark RA. Benign T cells drive clinical skin inflammation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124233. [PMID: 30626755 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) is an effective therapy for mycosis fungoides (MF), the skin-limited variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). In low-burden patients, PUVA reduced or eradicated malignant T cells and induced clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells associated with malignant T cell depletion. High-burden patients appeared to clinically improve but large numbers of malignant T cells persisted in skin. Clinical improvement was linked to turnover of benign T cell clones but not to malignant T cell reduction. Benign T cells were associated with the Th2-recruiting chemokine CCL18 before therapy and with the Th1-recruiting chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 after therapy, suggesting a switch from Th2 to Th1. Inflammation was correlated with OX40L and CD40L gene expression; immunostaining localized these receptors to CCL18-expressing c-Kit+ dendritic cells that clustered together with CD40+OX40+ benign and CD40+CD40L+ malignant T cells, creating a proinflammatory synapse in skin. Our data suggest that visible inflammation in CTCL results from the recruitment and activation of benign T cells by c-Kit+OX40L+CD40L+ dendritic cells and that this activation may provide tumorigenic signals. Targeting c-Kit, OX40, and CD40 signaling may be novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of MF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jack D Crouch
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John T O'Malley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward W Seger
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao H Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Teague
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vromans
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Gehad
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thet Su Win
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zizi Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lowry
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roda Â, Travassos AR, Soares-de-Almeida L, Kutzner H. Lupus erythematosus mimicking mycosis fungoides: CD123 + plasmacytoid dendritic cells as a useful diagnostic clue. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 46:167-170. [PMID: 30430606 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Roda
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Serviço de Dermatologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Travassos
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Serviço de Dermatologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Soares-de-Almeida
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Serviço de Dermatologia, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Serviço de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Histopatologia Cutânea, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Heinz Kutzner
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia de Lisboa, Portugal.,Dermatopathologie Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fujii K. New Therapies and Immunological Findings in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:198. [PMID: 29915722 PMCID: PMC5994426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas comprise a group of lymphatic malignancies that occur primarily in the skin. They represent the second most common form of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and are characterized by heterogeneous clinical, histological, immunological, and molecular features. The most common type is mycosis fungoides and its leukemic variant, Sézary syndrome. Both diseases are considered T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) diseases. Not only the tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment can promote Th2 differentiation, which is beneficial for the tumor cells because a Th1 environment enhances antitumor immune responses. This Th2-dominant milieu also underlies the infectious susceptibility of the patients. Many components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and dendritic cells, as well as humoral factors, such as chemokines and cytokines, establish the tumor microenvironment and can modify tumor cell migration and proliferation. Multiagent chemotherapy often induces immunosuppression, resulting in an increased risk of serious infection and poor tolerance. Therefore, overtreatment should be avoided for these types of lymphomas. Interferons have been shown to increase the time to next treatment to a greater degree than has chemotherapy. The pathogenesis and prognosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) differ markedly among the subtypes. In some aggressive subtypes of CTCLs, such as primary cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma and primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be considered, whereas overtreatment should be avoided with other, favorable subtypes. Therefore, a solid understanding of the pathogenesis and immunological background of cutaneous lymphoma is required to better treat patients who are inflicted with this disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the field to attempt to achieve this objective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:1085-1102. [PMID: 28872191 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. In highly-selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-5948
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhukov AS, Telichko IN, Belousova IE, Samcov AV. Assessment of prognostic predictive value at the mycosis fungoides. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2017. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2017-93-2-20-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micosis fungoides is a primary skin lymphoma characterized with indolent disease course and favorable prognosis. Опіу at some patients one can observe aggressive development of the disease to malignant stage with the exracutaneous outspread. the modern data about the prognostic factors are presented in the review. Disclosure of these factors allows to forecast the course of disease. there is given attention to integral estimation of survival rates on the ground of tNMB-staging sand estimation of the CUP-index. Definition of combination of different prognostic factors would allow to create prognostic models enabling to diagnose on the early stages of disease the patients with high risk of progression of mycosis fungoides.
Collapse
|
23
|
Langerhans, plasmacytoid dendritic and myeloid-derived suppressor cell levels in mycosis fungoides vary according to the stage of the disease. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:575-582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell role in cutaneous malignancies. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:3-9. [PMID: 27236509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. Through their production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, pDCs provide anti-viral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the function of myeloid DCs, lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. While lacking from normal skin, pDCs are usually recruited to the skin in several cutaneous pathologies where they appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious, inflammatory/autoimmune, and neoplastic entities. Among the latter group, pDCs have the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity; however, the complex interaction of pDCs with tumor cells and their micro-environment appears to contribute to immunologic tolerance. In this review, we aim at highlighting the role played by pDCs in cutaneous malignancies with special emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohmatsu H, Humme D, Gonzalez J, Gulati N, Möbs M, Sterry W, Krueger JG. IL-32 induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase +CD1c + dendritic cells and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase +CD163 + macrophages: Relevance to mycosis fungoides progression. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1181237. [PMID: 28344860 PMCID: PMC5353917 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1181237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) progresses from patch to tumor stage by expansion of malignant T-cells that fail to be controlled by protective immune mechanisms. In this study, we focused on IL-32, a cytokine, highly expressed in MF lesions. Depending on the other cytokines (IL-4, GM-CSF) present during in vitro culture of healthy volunteers' monocytes, IL-32 increased the maturation of CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and/or CD163+ macrophages, but IL-32 alone showed a clear ability to promote dendritic cell (DC) differentiation from monocytes. DCs matured by IL-32 had the phenotype of skin-resident DCs (CD1c+), but more importantly, also had high expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The presence of DCs with these markers was demonstrated in MF skin lesions. At a molecular level, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in MF lesions were higher than those in healthy volunteers, and there was a high correlation between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and IL-32 expression. In contrast, Foxp3 mRNA levels decreased from patch to tumor stage. Increasing expression of IL-10 across MF lesions was highly correlated with IL-32 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, but not with Foxp3 expression. Thus, IL-32 could contribute to progressive immune dysregulation in MF by directly fostering development of immunosuppressive mDC or macrophages, possibly in association with IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Ohmatsu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Humme
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science , New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sterry
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:151-65. [PMID: 26607183 PMCID: PMC4715621 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. In highly-selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Room 4310 CC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5948
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhukov AS, Belousova IE, Samtsov AV. Immunological and molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of mycosis fungoides. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-4-42-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reflects modern information about the possible mechanisms of skin lymphomas. Generalized the data of the possible etiologic factors of the disease. Described the basic pathogenesis and show practical importance identified molecular markers in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2014 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:837-51. [PMID: 25042790 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, and blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. Multiagent chemotherapy (e.g., CHOP) may be employed for those patients with extensive visceral involvement requiring rapid disease control. In highly selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Michigan Cancer Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhukov AS, Belousova IE, Samtsov AV. Immunohistochemistry method and diagnostics of mycosis fungoides. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2014. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-2-38-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical patient examinations are not enough for diagnosing lymphoproliferative skin diseases now. Histological diagnostics is an important auxiliary method; however, it is not always applicable. PCR is not a universal method for determining the clonality of infiltrate cells. The article describes present-day diagnostics methods with an emphasis on the immunohistochemistry method making it possible to identify the cell composition of affected skin.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhukov AS, Belousova IE, Khairutdinov VR, Samtsov AV. Role of langerin-positive and CD83+ cells in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2013. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells regulate the balance between the immune response and immunotolerance; their role in the pathogenesis of skin lymphomas is underexplored. Goal. To study the number of populations of CD83+ and langerin positive cells in the skin of patients suffering from mycosis fungoides and small plaque parapsoriasis. Materials and methods. The authors determined the content of langerin-positive and CD83+ cells by means of immunohistochemistry of skin biopsy samples taken from patients suffering from mycosis fungoides (17 subjects) and small plaque parapsoriasis (6 subjects). The control group comprised 16 healthy people. Results. The study revealed that langerin positive and CD83+ dendritic cells prevailed in patients suffering from mycosis fungoides as compared to patients with small plaque parapsoriasis and healthy subjects. The share of immature dendritic cells grows in patients with parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides. Conclusion. The statistically reliable difference between the amount of langerin positive and CD83+ dendritic cells as well as immature to mature dendritic cells ratio in case of mycosis fungoides vs. small plaque parapsoriasis can serve as an additional diagnostics criterion for these diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Irla N, Navarini A, Yawalkar N. Alitretinoin abrogates innate inflammation in palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:1170-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
34
|
Miyagaki T, Sugaya M, Suga H, Ohmatsu H, Fujita H, Asano Y, Tada Y, Kadono T, Sato S. Increased CCL18 expression in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: association with disease severity and prognosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e60-7. [PMID: 22404649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 18 is expressed by monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), and has potent chemotactic activity for T cells, B cells and DCs. CCL18 expression is up-regulated in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid, suggesting its important roles in the development of these skin diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate roles of CCL18 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). METHODS The CCL18 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in CTCL skin (n = 21) and in normal skin (n = 7) was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. CCL18 expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum CCL18 levels were measured in 38 patients with CTCL and 20 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also analysed correlation between serum CCL18 levels and other clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS The CTCL lesional skin contained higher levels of CCL18 mRNA than normal skin. CCL18 was expressed by dermal macrophages and DCs in CTCL skin. Serum CCL18 levels in patients with CTCL were significantly higher than those of healthy controls and correlated with types of skin lesions. They also significantly correlated with modified severity-weighted assessment scores, serum sIL-2R, LDH, IL-4, IL-10, IL-31, CCL17 and CCL26 levels. Patients with high serum levels of CCL18 showed significantly poor prognosis compared with those with low CCL18 levels. CONCLUSION CCL18 mRNA is up-regulated in CTCL lesional skin, and serum CCL18 levels are significantly increased and correlated with the severity of CTCL. These results suggest that CCL18 may be associated with the development of CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In the immune system, C-type lectins and CTLDs have been shown to act both as adhesion and as pathogen recognition receptors. The Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and its homologs in human and mouse represent an important C-type lectin family. DC-SIGN contains a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures present on glycoproteins such as ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. DC-SIGN is a prototype C-type lectin organized in microdomains, which have their role as pathogen recognition receptors in sensing microbes. Although the integrin LFA-1 is a counter-receptor for both ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 on DC, DC-SIGN is the high affinity adhesion receptor for ICAM-2/-3. While cell–cell contact is a primary function of selectins, collectins are specialized in recognition of pathogens. Interestingly, DC-SIGN is a cell adhesion receptor as well as a pathogen recognition receptor. As adhesion receptor, DC-SIGN mediates the contact between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, by binding to ICAM-3, and mediates rolling of DCs on endothelium, by interacting with ICAM-2. As pathogen receptor, DC-SIGN recognizes a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and several parasites (Cambi et al. 2005). The natural ligands of DC-SIGN consist of mannose oligosaccharides or fucose-containing Lewis-type determinants. In this chapter, we shall focus on the structure and functions of DC-SIGN and related CTLDs in the recognition of pathogens, the molecular and structural determinants that regulate the interaction with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The heterogeneity of carbohydrate residues exposed on cellular proteins and pathogens regulates specific binding of DC-expressed C-type lectins that contribute to the diversity of immune responses created by DCs (van Kooyk et al. 2003a; Cambi et al. 2005).
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang M, Spanou Z, Tang H, Schibler F, Pelivani N, Yawalkar N. Rapid Downregulation of Innate Immune Cells, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-23 in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis with Infliximab in Combination with Acitretin. Dermatology 2012; 225:338-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000346243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
37
|
Cordo Russo RI, Ernst G, Lompardía S, Blanco G, Álvarez É, Garcia MG, Hajos S. Increased hyaluronan levels and decreased dendritic cell activation are associated with tumor invasion in murine lymphoma cell lines. Immunobiology 2011; 217:842-50. [PMID: 22304941 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix surrounding tumors, modulates tumor progression and the immune response. Dendritic cells (DC) may tolerize or stimulate immunity against cancer. In this report, we study the association between tumor progression, HA levels and DC activation in a lymphoma model. Mice injected with the cells with highest invasive capacity (LBR-) presented increased HA in serum and lymph nodes, and decreased DC activation in infiltrated lymph nodes and liver. These findings could be related to lack of an effective antitumor immune response and suggest that serum HA levels could have a prognostic value in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia I Cordo Russo
- Department of Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IDEHU-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schlapbach C, Zawodniak A, Irla N, Adam J, Hunger RE, Yerly D, Pichler WJ, Yawalkar N. NKp46+ cells express granulysin in multiple cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Allergy 2011; 66:1469-76. [PMID: 21819408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) ranges from benign presentations to severe life-threatening forms such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In TEN, granulysin has been shown to be the key cytotoxic molecule. Still, little is known about the expression of granulysin in other cADRs. As an important source of granulysin, natural killer (NK) cells are of major interest in cADRs. Recently, NKp46 has been identified as the most selective NK-cell marker. However, the role of NKp46(+) cells in cADRs and their contribution to granulysin expression remain to be elucidated. METHODS Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections from multiple cADRs were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Further, in vivo and in vitro drug-stimulation tests were performed. RESULTS Granulysin is expressed at different levels in multiple cADRs both by NKp46(+) cells and by CD8(+) T cells. Even in mild forms of cADRs, granulysin can be induced in vivo and in vitro in a drug-specific manner. NKp46(+) cells were found to infiltrate the dermal/epidermal junction particularly in TEN. CONCLUSION The impressive clinical differences of cADRs may not be uniquely explained by the expression of granulysin. Additional factors such as drug-specific activation and recruitment of NKp46(+) cells to the epidermis may play a role in determining the severity of cADRs. Therefore, unraveling the effects of drugs on NK-cell activation and trafficking may help to better understand the cytotoxic mechanisms behind cADRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:928-48. [PMID: 21990092 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY Tumor, node, metastasis, and blood (TNMB) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers, denileukin diftitox, and histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. Multiagent chemotherapy may be used for those patients with extensive visceral involvement requiring rapid disease control. In highly-selected patients with disease refractory to standard treatments, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, 48109-5948, USA. rywilcox@med. umich.edu
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Krejsgaard T, Odum N, Geisler C, Wasik MA, Woetmann A. Regulatory T cells and immunodeficiency in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Leukemia 2011; 26:424-32. [PMID: 21904385 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is the term for diseases characterized by primary accumulation of malignant T cells in the skin. Patients with the two predominant clinical forms of CTCL called mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) characteristically develop severe immunodeficiency during disease progression and consequently patients with advanced disease frequently die of infections and not from the tumor burden. For decades, it has been suspected that the malignant T cells actively drive the evolving immunodeficiency to avoid antitumor immunity, yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The identification of a subset of highly immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) triggered a variety of studies investigating if MF and SS are malignant proliferations of Tregs but seemingly discordant findings have been reported. Here, we review the literature to clarify the role of Tregs in MF and SS and discuss the potential mechanisms driving the immunodeficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Krejsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schlapbach C, Yerly D, Daubner B, Yawalkar N, Hunger RE. Telomerase-specific GV1001 peptide vaccination fails to induce objective tumor response in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 62:75-83. [PMID: 21377838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no curative therapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). New therapies are therefore needed. Telomerase, the enzyme that allows for unrestricted cell divisions of cancer cells, is a promising target for cancer therapy. The telomerase-specific peptide vaccination GV1001 has shown promising results in previous studies. Since telomerase is expressed in malignant cells of CTCL, GV1001 vaccination in CTCL is a promising new therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the efficacy of GV1001 vaccination in CTCL patients and characterize the induced immune response. METHODS Six CTCL patients were vaccinated with the GV-peptide using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjuvant. Objective clinical response and the T cell response were assessed. RESULTS None of the patients demonstrated objective clinical response to the vaccination whereas one patient showed disease progression. 1/6 patients acquired a GV1001-specifc T cell response with a Th1 cytokine profile and expression of skin-homing receptors. This hTERT-specific T cell response was not associated with beneficial modulation of the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Furthermore, removal of regulatory T cells did not enhance responsiveness to GV1001 in vitro in any of the patients analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the GV1001 vaccination is not effective in CTCL patients and disease progression in 1/6 patients raises concerns about its safety. By analyzing skin-homing properties of GV1001-specific T cells and the involvement of regulatory T cells we nevertheless provide insight into vaccine-induced immune responses which may help to improve vaccine strategies in CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from April 2010–July 2010. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|