1
|
Nouri N, Iravani P, Abtahi‐Naeini B. Sun protection behaviors among children aged 6-18 years old, the role of socioeconomic factors: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1727. [PMID: 38028698 PMCID: PMC10663172 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Evaluation of sun protection behavior and related factors in children aged between 6 and 18 years in Isfahan, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient pediatric clinics affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran during the summer of 2021. A checklist was designed, and the interviewer used that to gather the required information including children's demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic data, and sun-protective behaviors in children. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of children was 10.54 ± 3.61. Among the study population, 63.7% of children were male. The most common skin phototypes were II and III (33.5% each). 83.8% of children used at least one method of sun protection (94.5% of girls, 77.6% of boys, p < 0.001). Wearing long-sleeved clothes was the most frequent UV-protection method (48%), while sunscreen application was the least prevalent method (28.1%). Sun protection behaviors were more frequent among urban children (86.7%, p = 0.009) and children with wealthy families (94%, p = 0.035). Sun protection methods were used by most of the children whose mothers applied sunscreen on a daily basis (90.2%, p = 0.002) and all of the children whose mothers held a master's degree or above (100%, p = 0.004). Conclusion Children's sun protection behavior is directly associated with demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic level and maternal usage of sun protection measures. It is necessary to provide information and education about sun protection methods and the risks of excessive sun exposure to families and children, as well as facilitate their access to these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Nouri
- School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Parisa Iravani
- Pediatrics Department, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Bahareh Abtahi‐Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Pediatric Department, Imam Hossein Children's HospitalIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alsaidan MS, Alsohaimi A, Alanazi ZG, Alnefea AZ, Alanazi RM, Algraene TS. Current practice and beliefs of parents toward sunscreen use for their children: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102237. [PMID: 37214162 PMCID: PMC10199206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents are generally influencing the sun protection behaviors of their children, including sunscreen use. In Saudi Arabia, sunscreen use was estimated in adults but not children. The objective was to estimate the prevalence and predictors of sunscreen use among parents and their children. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022. Parents who were visiting outpatient clinics at a university hospital in Al-Kharj city, Saudi Arabia, were invited to complete an online questionnaire. A total of 266 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age of parents was 39.0 ± 8.9 years, and the mean age of children was 8.2 ± 3.2 years. The prevalence of sunscreen use was 38.7% in parents and 24.1% in their children. Females had higher sunscreen use than males in both parents (49.7% versus 7.2%, p < 0.001) and in children (31.9% versus 18.3%, p = 0.011). The most frequent sunburn protection measures practiced by children were wearing long-sleeved clothes (77.0%), sitting in the shade (70.6%), and wearing hats (39.2%). In multivariable analysis, predictors of sunscreen use in parents included female sex, history of sunburn, and sunscreen use by children. Independent predictors of sunscreen use in children included a history of sunburn, wearing hats, and practicing other sunburn protection measures on risky occasions, and sunscreen use in parents. Sunscreen use in parents and children in Saudi Arabia is still inadequate or limited. This calls for community/school intervention programs using educational activities and multimedia promotion. Further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saud Alsaidan
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Alsohaimi
- Department of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Ghanem Alanazi
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Turky Saad Algraene
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kulasinghe K, Mitchell AE, Morawska A. Parent-Reported Barriers and Enablers to Establishing Sun Safety Practices with Young Children in Australia. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2022; 45:403-413. [DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2022.2079765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavindri Kulasinghe
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Centre for Children’s Health Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Amy E. Mitchell
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diehl K, Thoonen K, Breitbart EW, Pfahlberg AB, Görig T. Sun Protection and Tanning Behaviors in Caregivers: Prevalence, Determinants, and Associations with Children's Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116876. [PMID: 35682459 PMCID: PMC9180203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The association between skin cancer and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is well established, and sun protection behavior represents an important preventative measure. In children, caregivers play a key role in this regard. The subject of this study was threefold: whether caregivers of 1 to 11 year-old children are more likely to use sun protection measures compared to non-caregivers, whether considering oneself a role model is associated with sun protection behaviors, and whether their sun protection and risk behaviors are related to children’s behaviors. We used data from the 2020 wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM) comprised of 4000 individuals (including 554 caregivers of at least one child aged 1−10 years) aged 16 to 65 years and living in Germany. Data were collected through telephone interviews between October and December 2020. No significant differences between caregivers and non-caregivers regarding sun protection and risk behaviors were identified (except tanning on vacation). In both groups, sun protection behaviors were deficient. Caregivers who considered themselves role models concerning sun safety were more likely to use sun protection measures (e.g., using sunscreen on the face: OR = 5.08, p < 0.001). In addition, caregivers’ sun protection behaviors were positively associated with children’s behaviors. Caregivers being highly protected against UVR were more likely to report the use of different measures by/in the child (mean = 4.03), compared to caregivers with medium (3.41) and low (2.97, p < 0.001) protection levels. However, we also found that caregivers’ risk behavior was associated with children’s reported risk behavior. For future prevention, it might be worth focusing on the aspect of caregivers serving as role models. A comprehensive public-health strategy is needed, including key figures such as pediatricians to prevent today’s children from developing skin cancer in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diehl
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.P.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karlijn Thoonen
- Centre for Environmental Safety and Security, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Annette B. Pfahlberg
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Tatiana Görig
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.P.); (T.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Görig T, Södel C, Pfahlberg AB, Gefeller O, Breitbart EW, Diehl K. Sun Protection and Sunburn in Children Aged 1-10 Years in Germany: Prevalence and Determinants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8080668. [PMID: 34438559 PMCID: PMC8394729 DOI: 10.3390/children8080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Seeking shade, the use of textile sun protection and sunscreen, and protecting one’s eyes by wearing sunglasses are recommended sun protection measures in children. We aimed to quantify the use of these measures as well as the prevalence of sunburn in children aged 1 to 10 years in Germany and to identify their determinants. Data collected via telephone interviews in a nationwide sample of 554 parents or caregivers in family were analyzed. Use of sunscreen was the most common measure applied (77.8%), while sunglasses were least frequently used (12.5%). The prevalence of sunburn during the past year was 21.8%, and it was positively associated with children’s age. The use of sun protection measures was significantly associated with the age and skin color of the child, while characteristics and tanning behaviors of the caregivers only played a minor role. The use of sun protection measures was higher when caregivers perceived themselves as a role model (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.33, p < 0.001). Our nationwide data show that there remains a need for the improved use of sun protection measures, especially in children aged 7 to 10 years. In educational material, parents should be encouraged to become positive role models for their children regarding sun protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Görig
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Corinna Södel
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Annette B. Pfahlberg
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.B.P.); (O.G.)
| | | | - Katharina Diehl
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.G.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-71811
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cluster Randomized Trial: Sun Protection Intervention 'Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools'-Effectiveness and Dissemination. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080651. [PMID: 34438542 PMCID: PMC8391804 DOI: 10.3390/children8080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and UV radiation is one of the main risk factors. Therefore, sun protection, especially in childhood, is strongly recommended. We examined the effectiveness of the ‘Clever in Sun and Shade for Preschools’ program (CLEVER) in promoting sun protection behavior among preschool staff (trial registration: DRKS00023468) and describe its dissemination. Within a cluster randomized trial with 24 preschools (n = 273 staff members) stating a high need for sun protection measures, an educational workshop for preschool staff and a project kit with materials applicable in preschool groups was provided. Staff members of preschools taking part in CLEVER report significantly stronger sun protection behavior to avoid the sun (effect size [ES] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 0.71, p < 0.05) and less perceived impediments to avoid the sun (ES −0.56, CI −0.82 −0.17, p < 0.01) after 12 months as well as higher self-efficacy to avoid the sun (ES 1.09, CI 0.39 1.07, p < 0.001) and to use sunscreen (ES 0.71, CI 0.03 0.88, p < 0.05) after 1 month. Compared to the control group, there was no significant effect on sunscreen use and further psychosocial outcomes. The effectiveness of CLEVER may be underrated due to a high drop-out rate. Within three years, an enhanced free-of-charge program kit, including a media-based workshop and materials, had reached over 4000 preschools, i.e., 7.1% of all daycare centers in Germany. The results show that CLEVER can strengthen sun protection, offer high-quality information at low cost, and is easily disseminable.
Collapse
|
7
|
Thoonen K, van Osch L, Crutzen R, de Vries H, Schneider F. Identification of Relevant Sociocognitive Determinants Explaining Multiple Parental Sun Protection Behaviors. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:392-404. [PMID: 34053307 PMCID: PMC9150145 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Adequate sun safety during childhood is crucial for decreasing skin cancer risk in later life. Although parents are an essential target group in applying sun protection measures for their children, insight into the determinants associated with their sun protection behaviors is limited. Aims This study aims to identify the most relevant determinants in predicting multiple parental sun protection intentions and behaviors in different sun exposure situations. Method A longitudinal survey study with two measurements was conducted among Dutch parents (N = 670) of children (4–12 years old). Twenty-seven sociocognitive determinants were examined in terms of relevance regarding four parental sun protection behaviors in different sun exposure situations. The Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance approach was used to visualize room for improvement (sample means) on all determinants and their association strengths (correlations) with sun protection intentions and behaviors. Results Behavior-specific rather than generic determinants were most relevant in explaining all sun protection behaviors. Of these determinants, attitude, self-efficacy and action planning, and especially parental feelings of difficulty in performing sun protection behaviors, were most relevant. Altogether, the explained variance of all sociocognitive determinants was highest for shade-seeking behavior (R2 = .41 and .43) and lowest for supportive behavior (R2 = .19 and .29) in both planned and incidental sun exposure situations, respectively. Discussion This study provides detailed insight into relevant sociocognitive determinants of parental sun protection behaviors in various sun exposure situations and directions for composing parental skin cancer prevention interventions. Conclusions Future composition of sun safety interventions should emphasize on enhancing parental feelings of self-efficacy, especially for shade-seeking and clothing behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Thoonen
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Karlijn Thoonen, Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229 HA, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rik Crutzen
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schlarbaum JP, Lazovich D, Dodd E, Hanson B, Polcari IC. Examination of use and barriers for five sun protection strategies in parents and their children. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:827-832. [PMID: 32618020 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Sun protection starting in childhood is an important means of skin cancer prevention. Factors associated with sunscreen use have been previously described. However, less is known about factors associated with children's utilization of non-sunscreen sun protection strategies. We sought to examine parent and child characteristics, parental use of sun protection, and barriers associated with children's use of five sun protection strategies: sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and shade. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of parents of children entering kindergarten through grade 8. Survey participants were recruited at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair. RESULTS A total of 409 parents were surveyed. The most common sun protection strategies parents reported for their child were wearing a shirt with sleeves (69.9%) and using sunscreen (61.9%), while protection via shade, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses were reported by less than one-quarter of parents. For each individual strategy, parents' own use of that strategy was strongly associated with that strategy in their children. Lack of child cooperation was associated with decreased use of sunscreen, shirts with sleeves, and wide-brimmed hats. CONCLUSION Significant room for improvement exists in childhood sun protection. Parents should especially be encouraged to use shade, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses as methods of protection for their children. Advising parents to model seeking shade, applying sunscreen, and choosing appropriate clothing and hats may improve sun safety practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie P Schlarbaum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public, Health-University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin Dodd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brooke Hanson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ingrid C Polcari
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Departments of Dermatology & Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagelhout ES, Lensink R, Zhu A, Parsons BG, Jensen JD, Wu YP. The Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Wearable UV Radiation Exposure Monitoring Device in Adults and Children: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2020; 3:e15711. [PMID: 33043275 PMCID: PMC7546527 DOI: 10.2196/15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, melanoma is the 5th most common cancer. Reducing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is essential for the prevention of melanoma. Objectively assessing individual-level UVR exposure with the use of wearable technology offers a promising tool for reducing UVR exposure. However, the feasibility and acceptability of using UVR monitoring wearable devices have not been assessed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a commercially available UVR monitoring wearable device among adults and children. METHODS The study recruited families (one parent and one child) to test a new, commercially-available UVR monitoring device (Shade). Participants wore the Shade device for two weeks and completed questionnaires assessing the feasibility and acceptability of wearing the device. Qualitative analyses were conducted to summarize participants' open-ended responses regarding device feasibility. RESULTS A total of 194 individuals (97 adults and 97 children) participated. Participating children were on average 12.7 years old. Overall, adults and children reported moderate satisfaction with wearing the Shade device. Feasibility of use of the Shade device was adequate with 73% of adults and 61% of children reporting that they wore the device "all of the time they were outside." Through open-ended responses, participants reported appreciating the device's ease of use, compact size, and that it increased their awareness about their UVR exposure. CONCLUSIONS A new, wearable UVR monitoring device can be feasibly used by adults and children and use of the device was acceptable to participants. The device could be integrated into melanoma preventive interventions to increase individual's and families' awareness of their UVR exposure and to facilitate the use of recommended melanoma preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Nagelhout
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Riley Lensink
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Angela Zhu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bridget G. Parsons
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jakob D. Jensen
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, 255 Central Campus Dr #2400, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Yelena P. Wu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, 4A330, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hunkin H, Morris JN. A decade of sun protection in Australian early-childhood services: analysis of cross-sectional and repeated-measures data. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:99-109. [PMID: 32101611 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Limiting ultraviolet radiation exposure during early childhood can significantly reduce the risk of developing skin cancer, making early childhood a critical time for sun protection strategies. This study aimed to measure sun protection practices utilized in Australian early-childhood services over the past decade and evaluate the impact of Cancer Council Australia's SunSmart Early-Childhood Program. Results are presented from cross-sectional and repeated-measures survey data, completed by directors or other staff at randomly sampled early-childhood services in 2008, 2013 and 2018 (N�=�3243). Most sun protection practices were used by a significantly greater proportion of services in 2018 relative to earlier years, such as requiring the use of sunscreen (98.4%), and sun-protective hats (99.7%) and clothing (88.8%). However, only a small and declining proportion of services (16.3%-22.4%) required the use of specific items of sun-protective clothing. SunSmart program members reported enacting significantly more sun protection practices compared to non-members, while new members showed an increase in the use of those practices relative to services whose status did not change (d�=�0.48). The results demonstrate improvements in sun protection in Australian early-childhood settings, and highlight the benefits and limitations of the SunSmart program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Hunkin
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, 202 Greenhill Road, Eastwood, SA 5063, Australia
| | - Juliaï N Morris
- Behavioural Research and Evaluation Unit, Cancer Council SA, 202 Greenhill Road, Eastwood, SA 5063, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou G, Peng L, Gao W, Zou Y, Tan Y, Ding Y, Li S, Sun H, Chen R. The acute effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on solar dermatitis in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:585-591. [PMID: 31872267 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has long been considered associated with solar dermatitis, but the associations have not been well quantified. To depict the full-range exposure-response association between daily UVR exposures and daily outpatient visits of solar dermatitis. We collected the daily number of outpatient visits of solar dermatitis and monitored hourly ground data of UVR (the sum of A- and B-band) from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 in Shanghai, China. The data were analyzed using the time-series approach, in which overdispersed generalized additive model was used and time trends and weather conditions were controlled for. During the study period, we recorded a total of 15,051 outpatient visits of solar dermatitis. There was a consistently increasing risk of solar dermatitis associated with stronger UVR without a discernible threshold. The effects occurred on the present day, increased to the largest at lag 1 or 2 days, and attenuated to the null at lag 5 days or more. A unit (w/m2) increase in daily maximum-hour UVR was associated with 1.70% (95%CI: 1.19%, 2.20%) increase of outpatient visits of solar dermatitis. Stronger effects occurred among the young people, females, and in the warm season. The risks of solar dermatitis due to UVR exposure would be overestimated if ambient temperature was not adjusted. This study provides quantitative epidemiological estimates for the positive associations between short-term exposure to UVR and increased risks of solar dermatitis. The associations were more prominent among young people, females, and in warm seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojiang Zhou
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Are Environmental Interventions Targeting Skin Cancer Prevention among Children and Adolescents Effective? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020529. [PMID: 31947667 PMCID: PMC7013813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer, which is increasing exceedingly worldwide, is substantially preventable by reducing unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Several comprehensive interventions targeting sun protection behaviors among children and adolescents in various outdoor settings have been developed; however, there is a lack of insight on stand-alone effectiveness of environmental elements. To compose future skin cancer prevention interventions optimally, identification of effective environmental components is necessary. Hence, an extensive systematic literature search was conducted, using four scientific databases and one academic search engine. Seven relevant studies were evaluated based on stand-alone effects of various types of environmental sun safety interventions on socio-cognitive determinants, sun protection behaviors, UVR exposure, and incidence of sunburns and nevi. Free provision of sunscreen was most often the environmental component of interest, however showing inconsistent results in terms of effectiveness. Evidence regarding shade provision on shade-seeking behavior was most apparent. Even though more research is necessary to consolidate the findings, this review accentuates the promising role of environmental components in skin cancer prevention interventions and provides directions for future multi-component sun safety interventions targeted at children and adolescents in various outdoor settings.
Collapse
|
13
|
Stanganelli I, Naldi L, Cazzaniga S, Gandini S, Magi S, Quaglino P, Ribero S, Simonacci M, Pizzichetta MA, Spagnolo F, Palmieri G, Queirolo P. Sunburn-related variables, secular trends of improved sun protection and short-term impact on sun attitude behavior in Italian primary schoolchildren: Analysis of the educational campaign "Il Sole Amico" ("The sun as a friend"). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18078. [PMID: 31895765 PMCID: PMC6946412 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun protection early in life is an essential issue for primary prevention of skin cancers. The Il Sole per Amico was an educational campaign among 66 Italian primary schools. A total of 12,188 questionnaires were completed at baseline. Overall, 9.4% children reported >1 sunburn during the last year and 44.7% parents a use of sunlamps. Independent factors associated with sunburns were: age, lower level of parents' education, light eye and skin color, freckles, nevi on arms, intense sun exposure during the last year, sporadic use of sunscreens, and parental use of sunlamps. A total of 7280 (59.7%) questionnaires were completed at the end of the educational intervention. No significant difference was documented about behavior between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A significant reduction was instead found in both prevalence of recent sunburns and total number of sunburn episodes after comparison with the data obtained by identical questionnaire in the same geographic areas in the "Sole Si Sole No" project in 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo
- U.O.C. Dermatologia, Ospedale San Bortolo - Vicenza, Vicenza
| | | | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | - Serena Magi
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thoonen K, Schneider F, Candel M, de Vries H, van Osch L. Childhood sun safety at different ages: relations between parental sun protection behavior towards their child and children's own sun protection behavior. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1044. [PMID: 31382940 PMCID: PMC6683475 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunburns during childhood are strongly associated with development of melanoma in later life. While parents play an important role in children's sun protection, insight in possible shifts in behavioral responsibility from parents towards their children and the possible effect of children's sex is important for targeting sun safety interventions throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among a representative sample of Dutch parents (N = 1053) of children aged between 4 and 13 years old. Questionnaires measured both parental and children's own sun safety behavior during planned (e.g. going to the beach) and incidental (e.g. bycicling) sun exposure situations. Analyses of variance were used to test for age group differences and linear regression models were computed to detect behavioral shifts in executive behavior. RESULTS Parents applied all sun safety behaviors (i.e. sunscreen use, wearing UV-protective clothing and seeking shade) more often on younger children, except for supportive behavior (facilitating children's own sun safety behavior), which remained relatively stable over the years. Older children and girls were more likely to execute sun safety behaviors themselves. A behavioral shift was found in wearing UV-protective clothing during planned situations among 11 year old children. For other behaviors, shifts were predicted after the age of 13. CONCLUSIONS Older children execute sun safety behaviors more often than younger children, although they still largely depend on their parents' protection. Specific attention for boys in the primary school years, and for both boys and girls in the years adjacent to adolescence is warranted in skin cancer prevention interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Thoonen
- Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Francine Schneider
- Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Math Candel
- Department of Methodology and Statistics School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Osch
- Department of Health Promotion, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kunene Z, Albers PN, Lucas RM, Banwell C, Mathee A, Wright CY. 'My child did not like using sun protection': practices and perceptions of child sun protection among rural black African mothers. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:677. [PMID: 28841823 PMCID: PMC5574151 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodamage is partially mitigated by darker skin pigmentation, but immune suppression, photoaging and cataracts occur among individuals with all skin types. METHODS To assess practices and acceptability to Black African mothers of sun protection equipment for their children living in a rural area, participants were recruited at the time of their child's 18-month vaccinations. Mothers completed a baseline questionnaire on usual sun behaviours and sun protection practices. They were then provided with sun protection equipment and advice. A follow-up questionnaire was administered two weeks later. RESULTS Mothers reported that during the week prior to the baseline questionnaire, children spent on average less than 1 hour of time outdoors (most often spent in the shade). Most mothers (97%) liked the sun protection equipment. However, many (78 of 86) reported that their child did not like any of the sun protection equipment and two-thirds stated that the sun protection equipment was not easy to use. CONCLUSIONS Among Black Africans in rural northern South Africa, we found a mismatch between parental preferences and child acceptance for using sun protection when outdoors. A better understanding of the health risks of incidental excess sun exposure and potential benefits of sun protection is required among Black Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zamantimande Kunene
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patricia N. Albers
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag x385, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Robyn M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Cathy Banwell
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Angela Mathee
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y. Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag x385, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Day AK, Stapleton JL, Natale-Pereira AM, Goydos JS, Coups EJ. Parent and Child Characteristics Associated with Child Sunburn and Sun Protection Among U.S. Hispanics. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:315-321. [PMID: 28523887 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Skin cancer incidence has been increasing in U.S. Hispanics over several decades and the postdiagnosis outcomes are worse for Hispanics than for non-Hispanic whites. Parents are influential in children's health preventive behaviors, but little is known about parental factors associated with children's skin cancer-related behaviors in the U.S. Hispanic population. The present study examined parental and child correlates of skin cancer-related behaviors (sunburns, sunbathing, sun-protective clothing use, and sunscreen use) of children of Hispanic parents. METHODS This survey study included a population-based sample of 360 U.S. Hispanic parents (44.8% male) who had a child 14 years of age or younger. Measures included parental reports of parent and child demographic characteristics, parent skin cancer knowledge and linguistic acculturation, and parent and child skin cancer-related behaviors. RESULTS Approximately 28% of children and 31.9% of parents experienced at least one sunburn in the past year and approximately 29% of children and 36.7% of parents were reported to sunbathe. Moderate use of sun-protective clothing and sunscreen was reported for parents and their children. Child sun-protective clothing use and sunscreen use, sunburns, and sunbathing were associated with the corresponding behaviors of their parents. CONCLUSIONS Future research should consider the role of acculturation and perceived risk in the sun protection behaviors of U.S. Hispanic children, particularly in those who report a fair skin type. Hispanic parents should be included in interventions targeting their children's skin cancer-related behaviors, and it is suggested that such interventions could also encourage parents to improve their own behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Day
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - James S Goydos
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Elliot J Coups
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wan M, Hu R, Li Y, Wang Y, Xie X, Yue P, Guan L, Lai W. Attitudes, Beliefs, and Measures Taken by Parents to Protect Their Children from the Sun in Guangzhou City, China. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:753-9. [PMID: 27463620 DOI: 10.1111/php.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sun exposure can cause sunburn, suntan, skin photoaging, and even skin cancer. Skin photoaging conflicts with the human pursuit of a young and beautiful appearance. Some research data indicate that the incidence of skin cancer in the Chinese has been increasing, although it remains lower than in whites. To estimate the prevalence of sun protection used on Chinese children aged 3-13 years and identify its predictors, a population-based cross-sectional questionnaire was given to 3684 parents/guardians of children in Guangzhou, China, of which 3083 questionnaires were returned. Of those returned, 35.5% of parents/guardians reported regularly using sun protection on their children and the primary reason cited was to prevent sunburn. Hats and handheld umbrellas were the most frequently used measures; sunscreen was less common, and when used, 48.8% of parents/guardians still reapplied sunscreen on their children every 2.0-3.0 h. Parental age, parents using sun protection measures themselves when outdoors, and the child's sex were factors associated with regular use of sun protection on children. These results suggest that sun protection campaigns targeted toward parents and children need to be conducted in Guangzhou, or throughout China, to strengthen awareness about sun protection and address any inadequate protocols of sun protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Skin Research Center, Landproof Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Skin Research Center, Landproof Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xie
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pan Yue
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Guan
- Skin Research Center, Landproof Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Haluza D, Simic S, Moshammer H. Sun Exposure Prevalence and Associated Skin Health Habits: Results from the Austrian Population-Based UVSkinRisk Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010141. [PMID: 26797627 PMCID: PMC4730532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recreational sun exposure accounts for a large number of acute and chronic dermatological diseases, including skin cancer. This study aimed at estimating the one-year prevalence of sun exposure and skin health-associated knowledge and attitudes among Austrian citizens. The population-based UVSkinRisk survey investigated a representative sample of Austrian adults using a structured questionnaire. In total, 1500 study subjects (median age 33.0 years, 50.5% females) participated in this questionnaire survey. Among study participants, prevalence of sun exposure was 47%, with slightly higher rates in males (48%) compared to females (46%). Younger age, lower professional category, darker skin type, motives to tan, sunbed use, sunburn, and outdoor sport activity increased the odds for prevalent sun exposure. This is the first population-based study evaluating the prevailing sun exposure and recreational habits influencing skin health among Austrian citizens. Despite public media campaigns educating on the harmful effects of sunlight exposure, we found a high prevalence of self-reported sunlight exposure. The results suggest that multifaceted socio-cultural characteristics stimulate recreational sun exposure and tanning habits. Communicating individualized Public (Skin) Health messages might be the key to prevent photo-induced skin health hazards in light-skinned populations. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Haluza
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| | - Stana Simic
- Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barkin HB, Saltz SB, Fox JD, Baquerizo Nole KL, Rouhani G, Hu S, Kirsner RS. Comparison of sun safety knowledge and behavior of Hispanic and non-Hispanic mothers in Miami: A cross-sectional survey. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:385-7. [PMID: 26775784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Barkin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Florida
| | | | - Joshua D Fox
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Florida
| | | | | | - Shasa Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Florida
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shahnam A, Samarawickrema I, Ali S. Sun-protection practices among undergraduates at an Australian University. Australas J Dermatol 2015; 58:93-98. [PMID: 26344847 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To assess the sun-protection practices of undergraduates at the Australian National University. METHODS We sent emails with links to the questionnaire on the use of five sun-protection practices in the last fortnight of the summer to 3341 randomly selected students aged 18-24 years in this cross-sectional study. The response rate was 19% and 507 students met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The sample consisted of 338 female and 169 male students with a mean age of 20.5 years (SD ± 1.9). Any method of sun protection was used always or often by 32% of respondents. The commonest method used was shade (58%) while the least common was wearing a hat (8%). Domestic students (44%) used sunglasses more than the international students (23%, P < 0.05) and female students used sunscreen (48%) and sunglasses (37%) more than male students (33% and 23% respectively) (P < 0.05). In the 22-24-year-old age group non-medical students (54%) used sunglasses more than the medical students (36%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Only a third of the sample practiced any method of sun protection and there were significant differences in the practices between subgroups, suggesting they were at an increased risk of sun damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Shahnam
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Indira Samarawickrema
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health and Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sayed Ali
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hamilton K, Cleary C, White KM, Hawkes AL. Keeping kids sun safe: exploring parents' beliefs about their young child's sun-protective behaviours. Psychooncology 2015; 25:158-63. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology; Griffith University, Mount Gravatt; Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia
| | - Catherine Cleary
- School of Applied Psychology; Griffith University, Mount Gravatt; Queensland Australia
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling; Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove; Queensland Australia
| | - Anna L. Hawkes
- School of Public Health and Social Work; Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove; Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Lucas RM, Norval M, Neale RE, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, van der Leun JC. The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:53-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozone depletion, climate and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
- The Australian National University
- Canberra 2601
- Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute
| | - M. Norval
- Biomedical Sciences
- University of Edinburgh Medical School
- Edinburgh EH8 9AG
- UK
| | - R. E. Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Brisbane 4029
- Australia
| | - A. R. Young
- King's College London (KCL)
- St John's Institute of Dermatology
- London SE1 9RT
- UK
| | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology
- Leiden University Medical Centre
- NL-2300 RC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
- Akita Prefecture
- Japan
- National Institute for Minamata Diseases
- Kumamoto Prefecture
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bodekaer Larsen M, Petersen B, Philipsen PA, Young A, Thieden E, Wulf HC. Sun exposure and protection behavior of Danish farm children: parental influence on their children. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1193-8. [PMID: 24749661 DOI: 10.1111/php.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Healthy sun habits acquired in childhood could reduce skin cancer incidence. We examined the sun exposure and protection behavior of an expected high-exposure group of children, and the association to their parents. Open, prospective cohort study. One hundred and thirty nine participants (40 families) kept daily sun behavior diaries (sun exposure, sunscreen use, sunburns) over a 4-month summer period (15,985 diary days). The Pigment Protection Factor (PPF), an objective measure of sun exposure, was measured at two body sites, before and after summer. All participants presented data from the same 115 days. Risk behavior (sun exposure of upper body) took place on 9.5 days (boys) and 15.6 days (girls). Sunburn and sunscreen use were infrequent. Boys' sun exposure resulted in an increased photo protection over the study period of 1.7 SED (upper arm) and 0.8 SED (shoulder) to elicit erythema. Corresponding values for girls were as follows: 0.9 SED (upper arm) and 0.5 SED (shoulder). Boys' sunscreen use correlated to their mothers' (r = 0.523, P = 0.02). Girls' number of risk days (r = 0.552, P = 0.005) and sun exposure (upper arm: r = 0.621, P < 0.001) correlated to their mothers'. The children's sun exposure was substantial. Only mothers influenced children's sun behavior and exposure. This may be of relevance in future sun protection campaigns.
Collapse
|
25
|
Klostermann S, Bolte G. Determinants of inadequate parental sun protection behaviour in their children--results of a cross-sectional study in Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 217:363-9. [PMID: 23988730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unprotected sun exposure especially during childhood is a risk factor for skin cancer. A combined use of sun protection measures is recommended to protect children. However, the prevalence and determinants for combined use have been scarcely studied in children. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of parental sun protection behaviour. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed in five regions in Bavaria (Germany) during school entrance health examination (2010/2011). Parents of 4579 children (47% female, aged 5-6 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire (response 61%). RESULTS Most children were regularly protected with single measures (shade (69%), clothes (80%), hat (83%), sunscreen (89%), sunglasses (20%)). However, regarding regular and combined use, >50% of children were inadequately protected. Larger family size, lower household equivalent income, darker skin and sunburn history were associated with inadequate use of different sun protection measures. The less frequent use of one sun protection measure was associated with less frequent use of the others. Child's sex, migration background, parental education and sun exposure showed inconsistent results regarding the different sun protection outcomes. CONCLUSION Based on our results a regular, combined and correct use of multiple sun protection for children should be promoted independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Priority of shade, clothes and hat before sunscreen should be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaantje Klostermann
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Behrens CL, Thorgaard C, Philip A, Bentzen J. Sunburn in children and adolescents: associations with parents' behaviour and attitudes. Scand J Public Health 2013; 41:302-10. [PMID: 23392996 DOI: 10.1177/1403494813476158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sunburn in childhood is a known risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Based on a theoretical model, we tested the hypothesis that parental attitudes and behaviour are related to the risk of sunburn in their children. METHODS We analysed the association between behaviour in the sun and attitudes related to tanning among Danish parents and their children's risk for sunburn by logistic regression. Gender, educational level, and skin type of the responding parent were included as confounders and analyses were stratified for child age. RESULTS In children aged 7-12 and 13-17 years, the risk of sunburn increased when parents had experienced sunburn themselves, and also for 13-17 year olds if parents had a very positive attitude towards tanned skin. We found no association between parental attitudes and behaviour and the risk of sunburn in children aged 0-6 years. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to influence the attitudes and behaviour of parents could reduce their children's risk for excessive sun exposure and thereby their risk for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The results encourage preventive campaigns to focus on changing parental attitudes towards tanned skin and sun behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Behrens
- Danish Sun Smart Campaign, Department of Prevention and Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Volkov A, Dobbinson S, Wakefield M, Slevin T. Seven-year trends in sun protection and sunburn among Australian adolescents and adults. Aust N Z J Public Health 2013; 37:63-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|