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Benedict KC, Al Hmada Y, Gordon C, Hoppe I. Squamous cell carcinoma admixed with sebaceous carcinoma of upper lip in a 7-year-old female. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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2
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Nascimento MID, Moraes JRFCD, Silva ERC, Mota MGGD, Guimarães RM. Tendências na Mortalidade por Câncer de Pele não Melanoma no Brasil e suas Macrorregiões. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2022v68n1.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) e o mais comum entre todas as malignidades. Objetivo: Descrever as tendências da mortalidade por CPNM no Brasil e nas suas Macrorregiões, de 2001 a 2018. Método: As taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade e estratificadas por sexo foram apresentadas por 100 mil pessoas-ano. Uma análise autorregressiva foi implementada para avaliar tendências, Mudança Percentual Anual (MPA) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Houve 27.550 óbitos por CPNM no Brasil com maior frequência em homens (58,1%) e entre pessoas de 70 anos e mais (64,3%). As taxas globais foram de 2,25 (homens) e 1,22 (mulheres) por 100 mil pessoas-ano. As tendências seguiram em elevação no Brasil, em homens (MPA: 2,91%; IC95%: 1,96%; 3,86%) e em mulheres (MPA: 3,51%; IC95%: 2,68%; 4,34%). O mesmo ocorreu na Região Norte, em homens (MPA: 9,75%; IC95%: 7,68%; 11,86%) e em mulheres (MPA: 10,38%; IC95%: 5,77%; 15,21%), bem como na Região Nordeste, em homens (MPA: 9,98%; IC95%: 5,59%; 14,57%) e em mulheres (MPA: 8,34%; IC95%: 3,29%; 13,64%). Conclusão: Os óbitos por CPNM não são raridade no Brasil. O país e as Regiões Norte e Nordeste experimentaram taxas com tendência em elevação. Norte e Nordeste são as Regiões mais próximas da Linha do Equador e as menos desenvolvidas socioeconomicamente. Nessas Macrorregiões, um sinergismo entre diferentes tipos de desigualdades e exposições ambientais pode estar promovendo um aumento dos óbitos por esse tipo de câncer considerado totalmente evitável.
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Fernández LT, Ocampo-Garza SS, Elizondo-Riojas G, Ocampo-Candiani J. Basal cell nevus syndrome: an update on clinical findings. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:1047-1055. [PMID: 34494262 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell nevus syndrome, also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the hedgehog signaling pathway, mainly in PTCH1. This pathway is involved in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, and the loss of function of PTCH1 protein produces an aberrant increase in the hedgehog signaling pathway activity. Basal cell nevus syndrome is characterized by tumor predisposition, particularly with the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas at an early age, along with odontogenic keratocysts, palmoplantar pits, skeletal abnormalities, and an increased risk of medulloblastoma. Diagnosis is clinical, with gene mutation analysis confirming the suspicion. The striking phenotypic variability of the syndrome may lead to a delayed diagnosis, making it an uncommon but important entity to recognize. A high index of suspicion and an early diagnosis is crucial for prevention, surveillance, and the prompt establishment of multidisciplinary medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía T Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Sonia S Ocampo-Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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Kuruoglu D, Weissler JM, Bustos SS, Moran SL, Davis DMR, Bite U, Mardini S, Baum CL, Otley CC, Brewer JD, Lehman JS, Sharaf B. A 28-year single institution experience with primary skin malignancies in the pediatric population. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2021; 56:53-57. [PMID: 34032193 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2021.1914639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report our institution's experience with pediatric skin malignancies. A single institution retrospective review of pediatric patients with a primary skin malignancy from 1992 to 2020 was performed. Demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes were reviewed. Ninety-nine patients with 109 primary malignant skin lesions were reviewed. The most common lesion was malignant melanoma [MM] (n = 50, 45.9%). Compared to non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), MM were more likely to present on trunk or extremities (p=.01, OR = 3.2), and be misdiagnosed (p=.03, OR = 2.7). NMSC were more common in the head and neck region (p=.01, OR = 3.2), and were associated with a personal history of skin cancer (p=.0005, OR = 17.1) or a known risk factor (p=.04, OR = 2.5). Patients with MM were 12.4-times more likely to develop metastatic disease compared to NMSC (p<.0001). Increased Breslow's thickness also increased the odds of developing metastatic disease (p=.03, OR = 1.6 per 1-mm increase). Interval time between lesion recognition and diagnostic biopsy or surgical treatment did not impact overall survival. Malignant melanoma was the most common malignancy in our cohort, followed by basal cell carcinoma. Malignant melanoma was the most likely tumor to be misdiagnosed and/or metastasize. Treatment delays did not impact risk of metastasis, recurrence or survival rate, though some patients succumbed to disease. These results may be attributed to small sample size or the biology of melanoma in pediatric patients. Awareness of skin malignancies in the pediatric population is imperative to providers and the public, with low threshold for specialty consultation and excision when warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Kuruoglu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Samyd S Bustos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven L Moran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dawn M R Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Uldis Bite
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samir Mardini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Clark C Otley
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jerry D Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julia S Lehman
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Basel Sharaf
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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5
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Dai A, Klimas N, Craddock MF. A solitary pink papule in a 14-year-old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:e22-e23. [PMID: 34224624 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Klimas
- Department of Dermatology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan F Craddock
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Characteristics of nonmelanoma skin cancer in children without identifiable risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1472-1476. [PMID: 32687967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Sánchez-Romero C, Paes de Almeida O, Díaz Molina JP, Carlos R. Pediatric nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma microscopically mimicking carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2019; 59:373-376. [PMID: 31729756 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Román Carlos
- Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Abstract
The Clinical Update series is intended to help busy providers stay up to date with important and potentially practice changing articles that have been published on topics pertinent to the care of women. The rates of obesity and the resultant morbidities are rising worldwide, making it a high-priority health issue for the medical community. Moreover, the pathophysiology and management of obesity and visceral fat accumulation in women has important nuances, distinct from those in men. It is important to consider the effect of unique female-specific influences such as reproductive stage and pregnancy. Therefore, we have chosen to review six high-impact recent studies relating to obesity and its management in women. These include guidelines for management of obesity in pregnancy, risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in overweight/obese women, the association of vascular fat and decline in physical function in midlife women, the predictors for weight gain in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer, dietary patterns and obesity in postmenopausal women, and finally, normal weight obesity and mortality risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Juliana M Kling
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Huang JT, Coughlin CC, Hawryluk EB, Hook K, Humphrey SR, Kruse L, Lawley L, AI-Sayegh H, London WB, Marghoob A, Phung TL, Pope E, Gerami P, Schmidt B, Robinson S, Bartenstein D, Bahrani E, Brahmbhatt M, Chen L, Haddock E, Mansour D, Nguyen J, Raisanen T, Tran G, Travis K, Wolner Z, Eichenfield LF. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Children and Young Adults. J Pediatr 2019; 211:152-158. [PMID: 31103258 PMCID: PMC7916541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) occurrence and survival in children. STUDY DESIGN This was a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study of patients <20 years of age diagnosed with NMSC between 1995 and 2015 from 11 academic medical centers. The primary outcome measure was frequency of cases and controls with predisposing genetic conditions and/or iatrogenic exposures, including chemotherapy, radiation, systemic immunosuppression, and voriconazole. RESULTS Of the 124 children with NMSC (40 with basal cell carcinoma, 90 with squamous cell carcinoma), 70% had at least 1 identifiable risk factor. Forty-four percent of the cases had a predisposing genetic condition or skin lesion, and 29% had 1 or more iatrogenic exposures of prolonged immunosuppression, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or voriconazole use. Prolonged immunosuppression and voriconazole use were associated with squamous cell carcinoma occurrence (cases vs controls; 30% vs 0%, P = .0002, and 15% vs 0%, P = .03, respectively), and radiation therapy and chemotherapy were associated with basal cell carcinoma occurrence (both 20% vs 1%, P < .0001). Forty-eight percent of initial skin cancers had been present for >12 months prior to diagnosis and 49% of patients were diagnosed with ≥2 skin cancers. At last follow-up, 5% (6 of 124) of patients with NMSC died. Voriconazole exposure was noted in 7 cases and associated with worse 3-year overall survival (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS NMSC in children and young adults is often associated with a predisposing condition or iatrogenic exposure. High-risk patients should be identified early to provide appropriate counseling and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Huang
- Dermatology Program, Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Carrie C. Coughlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elena B. Hawryluk
- Dermatology Program, Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen Hook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Lacey Kruse
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Leslie Lawley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hasan AI-Sayegh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Wendy B. London
- Harvard Medical School,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ashfaq Marghoob
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thuy L. Phung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Elena Pope
- Section of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Birgitta Schmidt
- Harvard Medical School,Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospita, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Dermatology Program, Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Diana Bartenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eman Bahrani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Meera Brahmbhatt
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lily Chen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ellen Haddock
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children’s Hospita
| | - Danny Mansour
- Section of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tom Raisanen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gary Tran
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kate Travis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zachary Wolner
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lawrence F. Eichenfield
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children’s Hospita,Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
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Kostić A, Georgijev D, Filipović T, Videnović N, Mladenović J. Non-melanoma malignat skin tumors: One year analysis. PRAXIS MEDICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed1904001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Chan AA, Noguti J, Pak Y, Qi L, Caan B, Going S, Han J, Chlebowski RT, Lee DJ. Interaction of body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio and sun exposure associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer: A prospective study from the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer 2018; 125:1133-1142. [PMID: 30548236 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) exceeds the incidence of all other types of cancers combined. Cumulative sun exposure and intermittent sun exposure are known risk factors for the development of NMSC. Because obesity has been shown to decrease the risk of NMSC incidence, this study investigated whether the risk of NMSC with sun exposure was consistent across different levels of body size. METHODS Body size was assessed with the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Sun exposure was assessed in watts and langleys and by the amount of time spent outdoors per day in the summer during a person's 30s. RESULTS Among 71,645 postmenopausal women eligible for inclusion in this study, 13,351 participants (18.6%) developed NMSC. A BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a WHR ≥ 0.80 was associated with lower NMSC hazard rates (hazard ratio for BMI, 0.78; hazard ratio for WHR, 0.89); however, the association between higher levels of sun exposure and a higher risk of NMSC was more apparent among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a WHR ≥ 0.80 in comparison with those of a normal weight (P for interaction for BMI < .001; P for interaction for WHR = .022). CONCLUSIONS Although most studies have considered sun exposure as a covariate, none have addressed the potential interaction of body size with sun exposure; therefore, the effect size of being overweight or obese may have been overestimated. In comparison to the normal-weight group, those in the overweight group had increasingly higher hazard rates with increasing sun exposure. Further studies are warranted to investigate how increased weight interacts with sun exposure to influence skin cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred A Chan
- Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Juliana Noguti
- Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Youngju Pak
- Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Bette Caan
- Early Stage Investigator Training Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
| | - Scott Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Anayo L, Magnussen A, Perry A, Wood M, Curnow A. An experimental investigation of a novel iron chelating protoporphyrin IX prodrug for the enhancement of photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:552-565. [PMID: 29603761 PMCID: PMC6032951 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Non‐melanoma skin cancers are the most frequently occurring type of cancer worldwide. They can be effectively treated using topical dermatological photodynamic therapy (PDT) employing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as the active photosensitising agent as long as the disease remains superficial. Novel iron chelating agents are being investigated to enhance the effectiveness and extend the applications of this treatment modality, as limiting free iron increases the accumulation of PpIX available for light activation and thus cell kill. Methods Human lung fibroblasts (MRC‐5) and epithelial squamous carcinoma (A431) cells were treated with PpIX precursors (aminolaevulinic acid [ALA] or methyl‐aminolevulinate [MAL]) with or without the separate hydroxypyridinone iron chelating agent (CP94) or alternatively, the new combined iron chelator and PpIX producing agent, AP2‐18. PpIX fluorescence was monitored hourly for 6 hours prior to irradiation. PDT effectiveness was then assessed the following day using the lactate dehydrogenase and neutral red assays. Results Generally, iron chelation achieved via CP94 or AP2‐18 administration significantly increased PpIX fluorescence. ALA was more effective as a PpIX‐prodrug than MAL in A431 cells, corresponding with the lower PpIX accumulation observed with the latter congener in this cell type. Addition of either iron chelating agent consistently increased PpIX accumulation but did not always convey an extra beneficial effect on PpIX‐PDT cell kill when using the already highly effective higher dose of ALA. However, these adjuvants were highly beneficial in the skin cancer cells when compared with MAL administration alone. AP2‐18 was also at least as effective as CP94 + ALA/MAL co‐administration throughout and significantly better than CP94 supplementation at increasing PpIX fluorescence in MRC5 cells as well as at lower doses where PpIX accumulation was observed to be more limited. Conclusions PpIX fluorescence levels, as well as PDT cell kill effects on irradiation can be significantly increased by pyridinone iron chelation, either via the addition of CP94 to the administration of a PpIX precursor or alternatively via the newly synthesized combined PpIX prodrug and siderophore, AP2‐18. The effect of the latter compound appears to be at least equivalent to, if not better than, the separate administration of its constituent parts, particularly when employing MAL to destroy skin cancer cells. AP2‐18 therefore warrants further detailed analysis, as it may have the potential to improve dermatological PDT outcomes in applications currently requiring enhancement. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:552–565, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Anayo
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Anette Magnussen
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mark Wood
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Alison Curnow
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Albahri OS, Alsalem MA, Albahri AS, Yas QM, Hashim M. A review on smartphone skin cancer diagnosis apps in evaluation and benchmarking: coherent taxonomy, open issues and recommendation pathway solution. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-018-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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