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Kodali N, Bhattaru A, Blanchard I, Sharma Y, Lipner SR. Assessing melanoma prognosis: the interplay between patient profiles, survival, and BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and TWT mutations in a retrospective multi-study analysis. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:419-428. [PMID: 38564430 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of melanoma are increasing globally, presenting a significant public health concern. The main genetic drivers of melanoma include BRAF, NRAS, KIT and triple wild-type (TWT) mutations. Little is known about the effects of these mutations on outcomes in terms of demographics and patient characteristics. We examined differences in melanoma mortality risk and mutation count across mutation type and patient disease profile. We extrapolated primary melanoma patient data from 14 studies via the cBioportal database. Patients were divided into demographic groups and classified according to BRAF, NRAS, KIT and TWT mutation status. Analyses included two-sample Student t -test and two-way analysis of variance tests analysis with Tukey's post hoc test. Survival outcomes were compared via Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression. NRAS-mutated patients exhibited decreased overall survival compared to BRAF-mutated patients. Male patients had higher mutation counts across all gene groups than females, with the fewest TWT mutations in comparison to BRAF, NRAS and KIT mutations. Males also exhibited increased mortality risk for NRAS, KIT and TWT mutations compared to BRAF mutations. An unknown primary melanoma was associated with increased mortality risk across all gene groups. NRAS-mutated acral melanoma patients had an increased mortality risk compared to NRAS-mutated cutaneous melanoma patients. Older patients had a higher mortality risk than younger patients. Patients with heavier versus lower weights had lower mortality risk, which was more pronounced for BRAF-mutated patients. These relationships highlight the importance of demographic and pathologic relationships to aid in risk assessment and personalize treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kodali
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Abhijit Bhattaru
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Isabella Blanchard
- Department of Education, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yash Sharma
- Derpartment of Education, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Kwa M, Ravi M, Elhage K, Schultz L, Lim HW. The risk of ultraviolet exposure for melanoma in Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV: A 20-year systematic review with meta-analysis for sunburns. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 39230206 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the risk of varying types of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on melanoma in fairer skinned individuals. Our research objective was to determine whether or not there was a change in the risk of UV exposure with development of melanoma in Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV based on more recent data over the past 20 years. We performed a systematic review from January 2002 to December 2021 analysing UV exposure and melanoma risk in Fitzpatrick type I-IV individuals. Out of 19,852 studies, 26 met inclusion criteria. Data spanned subjects from national and multinational cohorts (USA, Europe, Australia, Asia and South America). Twenty studies (77%, 20/26) identified a significant association between UV exposure and melanoma incidence. Sunburn was the most commonly assessed risk factor. Sunburn studies encompassed 3417 melanoma and found positive significant odds ratios (OR [95% CI]) in 11 out of 13 studies, ranging from 1.23 [1.01-1.49] to 8.48 [4.35-16.54]. Pooled analysis of the risk of melanoma with sunburn history found an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.66 [1.40-1.97] and adjusted odds ratio of 1.23 [1.04-1.46]. Cumulative sun exposure, measured as number of hours of sun exposure or calculated UV flux, was the second most common risk factor, encompassing 913 melanomas with positive significant ORs ranging from 1.1 [1.0-1.2] to 5.2 [2.1-12.5]. For other forms of UV exposure, a majority of studies showed an association with UV index (6/9), outdoor leisure activity (3/3) and left-sided laterality (1/1). Overall, UV exposure should continue to be considered a modifiable risk factor for melanoma in individuals of fairer skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kwa
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manisha Ravi
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kareem Elhage
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lonni Schultz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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3
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Olsen CM, Pandeya N, Miranda-Filho A, Rosenberg PS, Whiteman DC. Does Sex Matter? Temporal Analyses of Melanoma Trends among Men and Women Suggest Etiologic Heterogeneity. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01500-8. [PMID: 38897542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and distribution of cutaneous melanoma differ between the sexes, but it is unclear whether these differences have been constant through time or across generations. We compared incidence trends by age, sex, and anatomic site by analyzing long-term melanoma data (1982-2018) in 3 populations residing at high-, moderate-, and low-ambient sun exposure: Queensland, Australia; United States White; and Scotland. We fit age-period-cohort models and compared trends in the male-to-female incidence rate ratio by site and sex. In men, melanoma incidence was always highest on the trunk; in women, incidence was historically highest on limbs, but there have been recent increases in truncal melanoma among females in all populations. The incidence rate ratio showed excess melanoma on the lower limb in females in most age groups in all populations. In contrast, there was a male excess of melanoma on the trunk (from about age 25 years) and head/neck (from about age 40 years), which increased with age. Birth cohort analyses identified turning points in incidence from high to low incidence among recent birth cohorts, which differed by population and site. Changing exposure to UVR is implicated, possibly superimposed upon innate differences between the sexes in site-specific susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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4
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Li H, Cui F, Wang T, Wang W, Zhang D. The impact of sunlight exposure on brain structural markers in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10313. [PMID: 38705875 PMCID: PMC11070413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is closely intertwined with daily life. It remains unclear whether there are associations between sunlight exposure and brain structural markers. General linear regression analysis was used to compare the differences in brain structural markers among different sunlight exposure time groups. Stratification analyses were performed based on sex, age, and diseases (hypertension, stroke, diabetes). Restricted cubic spline was performed to examine the dose-response relationship between natural sunlight exposure and brain structural markers, with further stratification by season. A negative association of sunlight exposure time with brain structural markers was found in the upper tertile compared to the lower tertile. Prolonged natural sunlight exposure was associated with the volumes of total brain (β: - 0.051, P < 0.001), white matter (β: - 0.031, P = 0.023), gray matter (β: - 0.067, P < 0.001), and white matter hyperintensities (β: 0.059, P < 0.001). These associations were more pronounced in males and individuals under the age of 60. The results of the restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between sunlight exposure and brain structural markers, with the direction changing around 2 h of sunlight exposure. This study demonstrates that prolonged exposure to natural sunlight is associated with brain structural markers change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, QingdaoShandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Fusheng Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, QingdaoShandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, QingdaoShandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, QingdaoShandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, QingdaoShandong Province, 266071, China.
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5
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Chen Q, Zheng M, Ling C. Incidence trends of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in the United States from 2000 to 2019. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:647-654. [PMID: 38173361 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) in the 21st century is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the incidence of LM and LMM using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 Registries. METHODS The data of patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from the SEER database. The percentage of LM/LMM cases among all melanoma patients, age-standardized incidence rates, estimated annual percentage changes, and the cumulative incidence of LMM after LM were calculated. RESULTS The SEER data yielded 95,175 patients with LM/LMM between 2000 and 2019. Cases of LM/LMM accounted for 15.7% of all melanomas. The age-standardized incidence per 100,000 person-years for LM increased from 4.16 to 5.61 and for LMM from 1.33 to 2.35 between 2000 and 2019. The annual increase in incidence of LM was 2.42%, and that of LMM was 3.32%. The cumulative incidence of LMM after a primary LM after 10-year follow-up was 0.94%. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological status of LM/LMM in the United States in the 21st century using the population-based SEER data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Caicai Ling
- Department of Dermatology, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Ingold N, Seviiri M, Ong JS, Gordon S, Neale RE, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, MacGregor S, Law MH. Genetic Analysis of Perceived Youthfulness Reveals Differences in How Men's and Women's Age Is Assessed. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00180-5. [PMID: 38460809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Skin aging is a natural process that occurs over time but can be accelerated by sun exposure. Measuring skin age in a large population can provide insight into the extent of skin damage from sun exposure and skin cancer risk. Understanding the genetics of skin aging, within and across sexes (males and females), could improve our understanding of the genetic drivers of both skin aging and skin cancer. We used UK Biobank data to examine the genetic overlap between perceived youthfulness and traits relevant to actinic photoaging. Our GWAS identified 22 genome-wide significant loci for women and 43 for men. The genetic correlation (rg) between perceived youthfulness in men and women was significantly less than unity (rg = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.69-0.80), suggesting a gene-by-sex interaction. In women, perceived youthfulness was modestly correlated with keratinocyte cancer (rg = -0.19) and skin tanning (rg = 0.18). In men, perceived youthfulness was correlated with male-pattern baldness (rg = -0.23). This suggests that the genetic architecture of perceived youthfulness may differ between sexes, with genes influencing skin tanning and skin cancer susceptibility driving the difference in women, whereas genes influencing male-pattern baldness and other puberty-related traits drive the difference in men. We recommend that future genetic analysis of skin aging include a sex-stratified component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ingold
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Zeidan RS, McElroy T, Rathor L, Martenson MS, Lin Y, Mankowski RT. Sex differences in frailty among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112333. [PMID: 37993077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects the increase in vulnerability to stressors and shortens the time without disease (health span) while longevity refers to the length of life (lifespan). The average life expectancy has significantly increased during the last few decades. A longer lifespan has been accompanied by an increase in frailty and decreased independence in older adults, with major differences existing between men and women. For example, women tend to live longer than men but also experience higher rates of frailty and disability. Sex differences prevent optimization of lifestyle interventions and therapies to effectively prevent frailty. Sex differences in frailty and aging are rooted in a complex interplay between uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), and controllable factors (psychosocial and lifestyle factors). Thus, understanding the underlying causes of sex differences in frailty and aging is essential for developing personalized interventions to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life in older men and women. In this review, we have discussed the key contributors and knowledge gaps related to sex differences in aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Matthew S Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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8
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Collier V, Patel J, Chiu CY, Fowke JH, Patel TS, Liu-Smith F. Distinctive lower incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma on the hips and lower extremities of men. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1333-1340. [PMID: 37467730 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanomas (CMs) are more frequently found on the trunk in men, and on the hip and lower extremities (legs) in women. This discrepancy has been attributed to greater exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of women's legs due to their dressing habits. OBJECTIVES To understand the sex difference in the bodily distribution of CMs, especially those on the legs. METHODS This was a cancer registry-based cohort study. CM incidences, relative tumour density and tumour mutational burdens (TMBs) were compared among different body sites in different sex and racial groups using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) and TCGA SKCM (The Cancer Genome Atlas skin cutaneous melanoma) databases. RESULTS White men had lower rates and lower relative tumour density (RTD) of CMs on their legs compared with the rest of their body sites, or compared with White women. Men classified by SEER into racial groups other than White did not show such a trend. White women had comparable RTDs among different body sites. The ratios between the 'White' and the 'other' groups were used to evaluate the approximate effect of sun exposure at different body sites, which further validated a distinct protective effect of men's legs in melanoma. TMB on leg melanomas was lower than on other sites in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The legs of both sexes in White patients show lower RTDs and lower levels of TMB, suggesting a weaker association with UV exposure. Furthermore, White men are especially protected against CM on their legs, suggesting an unknown intrinsic protective factor as compared with women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi-Yang Chiu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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9
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Hackney J, Swerlick RA, Muir J. The limits of claims databases: A response to "A comparison of invasive squamous cell carcinoma greater than 1 year after treatment with 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, or photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid". J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e219-e220. [PMID: 36775103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hackney
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert A Swerlick
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Muir
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Huang C, Burke H, Scolyer RA, Guitera P. Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in young patients in Australian tertiary centres. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:799-800. [PMID: 36916530 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
This was a retrospective study of all patients with a diagnosis of lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma at 50 years of age or younger at the time of their first diagnosis in two Australian tertiary centres. The low recurrence rate in younger patients in this study warrants further investigation. Early diagnosis in young patients is crucial to allow early treatment and lifestyle changes to reduce actinic damage and subsequent development of further melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia
| | | | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pascale Guitera
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health
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11
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Martinez-Molina M, Richarz N, Jaka A, Bassas-Vila J, Mora-Fernández V, Pi-Sunyer AQ, Podlipnik S, Carrascosa JM, Boada A. Spaghetti Technique Versus Wide Local Excision for Lentigo Maligna Affecting the Head and Neck Regions: Surgical Outcome and Descriptive Analysis of 79 Cases from a Single Practice Cohort. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023193. [PMID: 37557139 PMCID: PMC10412079 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentigo maligna is a subtype of melanoma in situ that typically affects the head and neck region with an increasing incidence. Margin-controlled techniques, such as spaghetti technique (ST), have gained popularity over wide local excision (WLE) with a margin of 5 mm. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the outcomes of lentigo maligna cases in the head and neck area treated by either WLE or ST in a tertiary referral hospital. The secondary goal was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of our series. METHODS Cohort study of patients diagnosed with lentigo maligna on the head and neck region between January 2014 and February 2022 in a tertiary hospital. RESULTS In total, 79 lentigo maligna were studied, corresponding to 77 patients. Fifty-three lesions (67%) were treated with WLE and 26 (33%) with ST. The mean age of the patients was 73 years and 58% were men. Most of the tumors were located on the cheek (50%) and mean lesion diameter was 2.2 cm for the ST group and 1.2 cm for the WLE group. Mean duration follow-up was 44 months. There were two local recurrences in the WLE group (2/53; 3.7%) and none in the ST group. CONCLUSIONS Both WLE and ST are appropriate surgical approaches for lentigo maligna. ST offers an efficient alternative to Mohs surgery for treating lentigo maligna in the head and neck area, especially when guided by reflectance confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Martinez-Molina
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Richarz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane Jaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juli Bassas-Vila
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Mora-Fernández
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Quer Pi-Sunyer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Podlipnik
- Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aram Boada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Zhang X, Cheng L, Gao C, Chen J, Liao S, Zheng Y, Xu L, He J, Wang D, Fang Z, Zhang J, Yan M, Luan Y, Chen S, Chen L, Xia X, Deng C, Chen G, Li W, Liu Z, Zhou P. Androgen Signaling Contributes to Sex Differences in Cancer by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in T Cells and Suppressing Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2023; 83:906-921. [PMID: 36634207 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex is known to be an important factor in the incidence, progression, and outcome of cancer. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could help improve cancer prevention and treatment. Here, we demonstrated a crucial role of antitumor immunity in the sex differences in cancer. Consistent with observations in human cancers, male mice showed accelerated tumor progression compared with females, but these differences were not observed in immunodeficient mice. Androgen signaling suppressed T-cell immunity against cancer in males. Mechanistically, androgen-activated androgen receptor upregulated expression of USP18, which inhibited TAK1 phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of NF-κB in antitumor T cells. Reduction of testosterone synthesis by surgical castration or using the small-molecular inhibitor abiraterone significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of T cells in male mice and improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Together, this study revealed a novel mechanism contributing to sex differences in cancer. These results indicate that inhibition of androgen signaling is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in males. SIGNIFICANCE Androgen signaling induces immunosuppression in cancer by blocking T-cell activity through upregulation of USP18 and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB activity, providing a targetable axis to improve antitumor immunity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangye Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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13
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He M, Huang J. Melanoma Incidence by Sex, Indoor Tanning, and Body Site. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:390. [PMID: 36780181 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang He
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Oncology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Lee H, Chen SK, Gautam N, Vine SM, He M, Desai RJ, Weinblatt ME, Glynn RJ, Kim SC. Risk of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating methotrexate versus hydroxychloroquine: a cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2023; 41:110-117. [PMID: 35616586 PMCID: PMC9652105 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/staplf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the incidence rate of skin cancer associated with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA patients aged ≥65 years who initiated methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine as their first disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The primary outcome was new occurrence of any skin cancer (i.e. malignant melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer; NMSC) based on validated algorithms (positive predictive value >83%). Secondary outcomes were malignant melanoma, NMSC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We estimated the incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for each outcome in the 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine groups. RESULTS We included 24,577 PS-matched pairs of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine initiators. Compared with hydroxychloroquine (IR 25.20/1,000 person-years), methotrexate initiators (IR 26.21/1,000 person-years) had a similar risk of any skin cancer [HR 1.03 -(95%CI 0.92, 1.14)] over a mean follow-up of 388 days. The HR (95%CI) associated with methotrexate was 1.39 (0.87, 2.21) for malignant melanoma, 1.01(0.90, 1.12) for NMSC, 1.37 (1.13, 1.66) for BCC, and 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) for SCC compared with hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of older RA patients initiating methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine as their first DMARD, we found no difference in the risk of skin cancer including malignant melanoma and NMSC. However, for specific components of NMSC, methotrexate initiators had higher risk of BCC but lower risk of SCC compared with hydroxychloroquine initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Lee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K Chen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nileesa Gautam
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seanna M Vine
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengdong He
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rishi J Desai
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seoyoung C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, and Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Wang T, Wang Z, Yang J, Chen Y, Min H. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Evidence from a Bioinformatic Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237224. [PMID: 36498797 PMCID: PMC9739237 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify key biomarkers in the metastasis of uveal melanoma (UM). Methods: The microarray datasets GSE27831 and GSE22138 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analyses were performed. A protein−protein interaction network was constructed, and four algorithms were performed to increase the reliability of hub genes. Biomarker analysis and metastasis-free survival analysis were performed to screen and verify prognostic hub genes. Results: A total of 138 DEGs were identified, consisting of 71 downregulated genes and 67 upregulated genes. Four genes (ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1) were selected as hub genes. Biomarker analysis and metastasis-free survival analysis showed that ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1 were factors affecting the metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM (all p < 0.05). High expression of ROBO1 and low expression of FMN1 were associated with longer metastasis-free survival. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox analyses in GSE 27831 indicated that ROBO1 was an independent factor affecting metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM (p = 0.010 and p = 0.009), while ROBO1 and FMN1 were independent factors affecting metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM in GSE22138 (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1 should be regarded as diagnostic biomarkers for the metastasis of UM, especially ROBO1 and FMN1. High expression of ROBO1 and low expression of FMN1 were associated with longer metastasis-free survival. This study may facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zixing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanyi Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0136-7871; Fax: +86-010-6915-6815
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16
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Fractal Dimension Analysis of Melanocytic Nevi and Melanomas in Normal and Polarized Light-A Preliminary Report. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071008. [PMID: 35888097 PMCID: PMC9318244 DOI: 10.3390/life12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions can be a challenge in everyday practice. Benign and dysplastic nevi and melanomas may have similar clinical presentations, but completely different prognoses. Fractal dimensions of shape and texture can describe the complexity of the pigmented lesion structure. This study aims to apply fractal dimension analysis to differentiate melanomas, dysplastic nevi, and benign nevi in polarized and non-polarized light. A total of 87 Eighty-four patients with 97 lesions were included in this study. All examined lesions were photographed under polarized and non-polarized light, surgically removed, and examined by a histopathologist to establish the correct diagnosis. The obtained images were then processed and analyzed. Area, perimeter, and fractal dimensions of shape and texture were calculated for all the lesions under polarized and non-polarized light. The fractal dimension of shape in polarized light enables differentiating melanomas, dysplastic nevi, and benign nevi. It also makes it possible to distinguish melanomas from benign and dysplastic nevi under non-polarized light. The fractal dimension of texture allows distinguishing melanomas from benign and dysplastic nevi under polarized light. All examined parameters of shape and texture can be used for developing an automatic computer-aided diagnosis system. Polarized light is superior to non-polarized light for imaging texture details.
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17
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Safety of combining dabrafenib plus trametinib in elderly BRAF V600 mutation-positive advanced melanoma patients: real-world data analysis of Spanish patients (ELDERLYMEL). Melanoma Res 2022; 32:343-352. [PMID: 35762583 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy and safety of dabrafenib and trametinib in metastatic melanoma have been demonstrated in two-phase III and one-phase I/II clinical trials. However, patients at least 75 years old (y.o.) were largely underrepresented. Additionally, the safety profile of dabrafenib and trametinib based on age is unknown. ELDERLYMEL is a retrospective noninterventional multicenter study, describing the effectiveness and safety of at least 75 y.o. patients compared with less than 75 y.o. patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutated melanoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib or dabrafenib monotherapy. A total of 159 patients were included, 130 less than 75 y.o. and 29 at least 75 y.o. Clinical features were similar between the groups, except in the number of comorbidities, number of metastatic sites, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and BRAF V600-mutation type. Five patients per group received dabrafenib monotherapy. There were no differences in adverse events (AEs) rate or grade between the groups. However, AE profiles were different between the groups, being pyrexia infrequent in patients at least 75 y.o. (13.8% vs. 42.3%; P = 0.005). Dabrafenib and trametinib dose intensities were lower in at least 75 y.o. patients (P = 0.018 and P = 0.020), but there were no differences in effectiveness between the groups. Finally, in a multivariate analysis, sex (female) was the only variable independently associated with an increased risk of AE grade ≥3. Data from the ELDERLYMEL study demonstrate that dabrafenib plus trametinib is safe and effective in at least 75 y.o. patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutated melanoma without increasing toxicity. Additionally, we describe a different safety profile depending on age and sex.
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Tokatli MR, Sisti LG, Marziali E, Nachira L, Rossi MF, Amantea C, Moscato U, Malorni W. Hormones and Sex-Specific Medicine in Human Physiopathology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:413. [PMID: 35327605 PMCID: PMC8946266 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A prodigious increment of scientific evidence in both preclinical and clinical studies is narrowing a major gap in knowledge regarding sex-specific biological responses observed in numerous branches of clinical practices. Some paradigmatic examples include neurodegenerative and mental disorders, immune-related disorders such as pathogenic infections and autoimmune diseases, oncologic conditions, and cardiovascular morbidities. The male-to-female proportion in a population is expressed as sex ratio and varies eminently with respect to the pathophysiology, natural history, incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. The factors that determine this scenario incorporate both sex-associated biological differences and gender-dependent sociocultural issues. A broad narrative review focused on the current knowledge about the role of hormone regulation in gender medicine and gender peculiarities across key clinical areas is provided. Sex differences in immune response, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and COVID-19 are some of the hints reported. Moreover, gender implications in occupational health and health policy are offered to support the need for more personalized clinical medicine and public health approaches to achieve an ameliorated quality of life of patients and better outcomes in population health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leuconoe Grazia Sisti
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.G.S.); (E.M.); (L.N.); (U.M.)
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marziali
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.G.S.); (E.M.); (L.N.); (U.M.)
| | - Lorenza Nachira
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.G.S.); (E.M.); (L.N.); (U.M.)
| | - Maria Francesca Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Carlotta Amantea
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.G.S.); (E.M.); (L.N.); (U.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.F.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Walter Malorni
- Course in Pharmacy, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.G.S.); (E.M.); (L.N.); (U.M.)
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Panarese F, Gualdi G, Di Nicola M, Giannini C, Polidori N, Giuliani F, Mohn A, Amerio P. Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Supplementation on Dermatoscopic Evolution of Pigmentary Lesions in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030736. [PMID: 35160191 PMCID: PMC8836453 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have confirmed higher levels of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) transcripts in malignant melanomas (MM), yet the role of GH in the pathogenesis of MM remains controversial. Although melanocytes appear to be hormonally responsive, the effects of GH on MM cells are less clear. A direct correlation between GH administration and the development of melanoma seems possible. Our study aimed to assess whether GH supplementation in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) could induce changes in the melanocytic lesions both from a dimensional and dermoscopic point of view. The study population consisted of 14 patients sorted into two groups. The experimental group consisted of seven GHD pediatric patients who underwent dermatological examination with epiluminescence through the use of digital video recording of all melanocytic lesions before and after 12 months of GH supplementation, whilst the control group consisted of seven healthy pediatric patients matched for age, sex and phototype. All patients were evaluated according to auxological and dermatological features. A total of 225 melanocytic lesions were examined in the experimental group and 236 in the control group. Our study shows a significant increase in the mean size values of the lesions in the study group but not in the control group. Increases in the dermoscopic ABCD Score and in BMI correlated to an increase in the size of the melanocytic lesions and the dermoscopic parameters. The increase in SDS Height correlated with ABCD Score changes and with dermoscopic score structures. No differences were found compared to the control group. Dimensional/structural modifications in melanocytic lesions of patients treated with GH were closely related to weight and statural growth and can be considered a normal physiological process induced by GH supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Panarese
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Giulio Gualdi
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Biostatistic Laboratory, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Giuliani
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Amerio
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.A.)
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Sex-Based Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:499-533. [PMID: 34664253 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous multifactorial diseases consisting of a major public health issue worldwide. Sex disparities are evidenced in cancer incidence, mortality, expression of prognosis factor, response to treatment, and survival. For both sexes, an interplay of intrinsic and environmental factors influences cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) components. The TME cumulates both supportive and communicative functions, contributing to cancer development, progression, and metastasis dissemination. The frontline topics of this chapter are focused on the contribution of sex, via steroid hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, on the following components of the TME: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, and immunity/inflammatory system.
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21
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Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9989824. [PMID: 34475955 PMCID: PMC8407983 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9989824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Skin malignant melanoma (SMM) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in China, with a poor prognosis, high invasiveness, and high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of SMM in China between 1990 and 2019. Patients and Methods. Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed using an age-period-cohort framework. Results The annual incidence net drifts were 3.523% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.318% to 3.728%) and 3.779% (95% CI: 3.585% to 3.974%) for males and females, respectively, while the corresponding annual net drifts of mortality were −0.754% (95% CI: −1.073% to −0.435%) and –0.826% (95% CI: −1.164% to −0.487%). The local drift from 1990 to 2019 was highest in males aged from 25 to 29 years. After controlling for period deviations in a single birth cohort, the SMM incidence and mortality increased exponentially with age for both sexes. Similar increasing monotonic trends were found for period and cohort effects on the incidence, while a declining trend was found for mortality. Conclusion While the age-standardized mortality rate of SMM in China has decreased in both sexes over the past 30 years, the crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate, and crude mortality rate have all increased. SMM may greatly threaten the health of the elderly in China due to the aging population. Appropriate changes should be made to raise the awareness, reduce the exposure to risk factors, and promote the early detection of SMM.
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Liu-Smith F, Chiu CY, Johnson DL, Miller PW, Glazer ES, Wu Z, Wilson MW. The Sex Differences in Uveal Melanoma: Potential Roles of EIF1AX, Immune Response and Redox Regulation. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:2801-2811. [PMID: 34436011 PMCID: PMC8395455 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is a rare cancer that shows sex difference in incidence and survival, with little previous report for the underlying mechanism. METHODS This study used the SEER data (1974-2016) for an age-dependent analysis on sex difference in UVM, and further used the TCGA-UVM genomics dataset for analyzing the differential gene expression profiles in tumors from men and women. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a sex difference in older age (≥40 years) but not in younger patients, with men exhibiting a higher incidence rate than women. However, younger women have shown a continuous increasing trend since 1974. Examining the 11 major oncogenes and tumor suppressors in UVM revealed that EIF1AX showed a significant sex difference in mRNA accumulation and copy number variation, with female tumors expressing higher levels of EIF1AX and exhibiting more variations in copy numbers. EIF1AX mRNA levels were significantly inversely correlated with EIF1AX copy numbers in female tumors only, but not in male tumors. Differential gene expression analysis at the whole genomic level identified a set of 92 protein-coding and 16 RNA-coding genes which exhibited differential expression in men and women (fold of change cutoff at 1.7, adjusted p value < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). Network analysis showed significant difference in immune response and in disulfide bond formation, with EGR1/EGR2 and PDIA2 genes as regulators for immune response and disulfide bond formation, respectively. The melanocortin pathway which is linked to both melanin synthesis and obesity seems to be altered with unclear significance, as the sex difference in POMC, DCT/TYRP2, and MRAP2 was observed but with no clear direction. CONCLUSION This study reveals possible mechanisms for the sex difference in tumorigenesis of UVM which has potentials for better understanding and prevention of UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chi-Yang Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Daniel L. Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Core, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (D.L.J.); (P.W.M.)
| | - Phillip Winston Miller
- Molecular Bioinformatics Core, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (D.L.J.); (P.W.M.)
| | - Evan S. Glazer
- Department of Surgery, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthew W. Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
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Collier V, Musicante M, Patel T, Liu-Smith F. Sex disparity in skin carcinogenesis and potential influence of sex hormones. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e27. [PMID: 35664979 PMCID: PMC9060035 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sex or gender disparity in skin cancer has been documented for a long time at the population level. UV radiation (UVR) is a common environmental risk for all three major types of skin cancer: cutaneous melanoma (CM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The underlying mechanism for sex disparity has been largely attributed to sex‐differentiated behaviour patterns related to UVR. Non‐UVR factors such as intrinsic physiological differences have been suggested but remain understudied. Aims, Materials and Methods This review summarizes and compares the known sex differences in three skin cancer types with regard to body site distribution and age influence. Results We found a similar age‐dependent sex difference pattern in CM and BCC. Specifically, CM and BCC tend to show higher incidence in young women and old men, with a switching age around menopause. The switching age suggests involvement of sex hormones, which has shown controversial influence on skin cancers at epidemiological level. Literatures regarding sex hormone receptors for oestrogen, androgen and progesterone are summarized for potential explanations at molecular level. Discussion Overall, more and more evidence suggests non‐UVR factors such as sex hormones play critical roles in skin cancer (especially CM and BCC), yet solid population and molecular evidence are required. Incidences of skin cancer are increasing which suggests limited effect for the current UVR‐avoidance prevention methods. Conclusion Fully understanding the causes of sex disparities in incidence is necessary for developing a comprehensive prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Collier
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - M Musicante
- College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - T Patel
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - F Liu-Smith
- Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA.,Department of Preventative Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
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24
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Zölzer F, Bauer S. Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Risk Estimates-A Comparison of Different Action Spectra and Detector Responsivities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094887. [PMID: 34064368 PMCID: PMC8125439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies assessing the dose–response relationship for human skin cancer induction by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) apply a range of methods to quantify relevant UVR doses, but information about the comparability of these datasets is scarce. We compared biologically weighted effectivities applying the most relevant UVR action spectra in order to test the ability of certain UVR detectors to mimic these biological effects at different times during the day and year. Our calculations were based on solar spectra measured at Dortmund, Germany (51.5° N) and at Townsville, Australia (19.3° S), or computed for latitudes 20° S and 50° N. Convolutions with the CIE action spectra for erythema and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and with ICNIRP’s weighting function showed comparable solar zenith angle (SZA) dependences with little influence of season or latitude. A different SZA dependence was found with Setlow’s action spectrum for melanoma induction. Calculations for a number of UVR detector responsivities gave widely discrepant absolute irradiances and doses, which were nevertheless related to those calculated with both CIE spectra by correction factors largely independent of the SZA. Commonly used detectors can thus provide quite accurate estimates of NMSC induction by solar UVR, whereas they may be inadequate to mimic melanoma induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology, and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37011 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-389-037-507
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 44149 Dortmund, Germany;
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25
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Čáková L, Šimková M, Jandová E. Epidemiology of Melanoma in the Czech Republic in East Bohemia in the Period 2002-2017 and the Effect of the Annual Sunshine Exposure. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2021; 63:10-17. [PMID: 32422111 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The evaluation of the trend in the occurrence of melanoma nodulare, melanoma superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ in the period of 2002-2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. We examine if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine could affect the number of patients with melanoma. METHOD In the peridod of 2002-2017, altogether 2230 patients with new diagnosis of melanoma were examined. We studied 1) If there is some trend in the occurrence of lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale, and melanoma nodulare and if there is a difference in the age of patients with this diagnosis (adjusted calculation of specific kind of melanomas and adjusted calculation of age). 2) If the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the trend in the occurrence of melanoma and if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the body site of melanoma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002-2017. The number of melanomas of nodular and superficial type does not increase. The total number of melanomas in this period does not increase either. No difference of the age of patients with melanoma nodulare, superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ was confirmed. We confirmed no relation of the annual numbers of hours of sunshine to the number of melanoma and to the body site of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čáková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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26
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Čáková L, Šimková M, Jandová E. Melanoma Incidence in Czech Republic, the Relation between Histology, Body Site of Melanoma, and Duration of Lesions. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2021; 63:1-9. [PMID: 32422110 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the occurrence of melanoma in the period 1996-2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. METHOD We studied the incidence of melanoma and the age of diagnosis (adjusted calculation) and the parameters such as histology, body site of lesions, the length of the duration of lesions in 2810 patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION No change in the occurrence of melanoma and in age of melanoma during this period was found. The difference between men and women was not confirmed in histology, but the difference between men and women was confirmed in the body site of lesion and in the length of duration of lesion. No relation between the length of duration of lesions from which melanoma had originated and its histology was confirmed. The relation was confirmed between histology and body site of melanoma. The relation between the body site and the length of duration of previous lesions was confirmed also. The increasing occurrence of melanoma on the trunk according to the duration of the previous lesions was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čáková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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27
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Olsen CM, Thompson JF, Pandeya N, Whiteman DC. Evaluation of Sex-Specific Incidence of Melanoma. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:553-560. [PMID: 32211827 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Men and women develop melanoma at different rates on different body sites, with variation across countries, but explanations for these disparities remain elusive. Objective To test whether observed differences in melanoma incidence between men and women vary by population, age, or anatomic site. Design Cross-sectional analysis of sex- and site-specific temporal trends in melanoma incidence over 3 decades was conducted for men and women diagnosed with invasive melanoma in the US (limited to white race), Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Using cancer registry data, male to female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated overall and by anatomic site, and Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the annual percentage rate changes in sex- and site-specific incidence in each population. Incidence rates were standardized to the US 2000 population. Data on the incidence between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 2015, were obtained; analysis was conducted from March 1 to October 15, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Male to female IRRs and annual percentage change in rates. Results Total melanoma incidence was higher in men than women in US individuals (limited to white race), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, but not in Denmark, the UK, Norway, and Sweden. In all populations, men had higher rates of melanoma of the head and neck and trunk than women (male to female IRR >1), but lower melanoma rates on the lower limbs (ie, male to female IRR approximately 0.5). The male to female IRR increased log linearly with age, with excess melanomas in women younger than 45 years in all populations (eg, IRR for 20-24 y age group, 0.3 in Denmark and 0.7 in Australia), and excess melanomas in men older than 69 years (eg, IRR for 70-74 y age group, 1.1 in Denmark and 2.1 in the US white population). The age at which the melanoma incidence in men exceeded the melanoma incidence in women differed by population, being achieved the earliest in Australia (45-49 years) and latest in Denmark (65-69 years). Conclusions and Relevance In predominantly fair-skinned populations, melanoma incidence appears to differ systematically and consistently between men and women by age and anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Tang L, Peng C, Zhu SS, Zhou Z, Liu H, Cheng Q, Chen X, Chen XP. Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 Family Proteins Based Nomogram Serve as a Promising Prognosis Predicting Model for Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579625. [PMID: 33194704 PMCID: PMC7656061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) proteins are conserved in eukaryotic organisms and function as negative feedback dominating the GAPs for Rab GTPases, while the function of TBC proteins in melanoma remains unclear. In this study, we observed the differential expression of 33 TBC genes in TCGA datasets classified by clinical features. Seven prognostic-associated TBC genes were identified by LASSO Cox regression analysis. Mutation analysis revealed distinctive frequency alteration in the seven prognostic-associated TBCs between cases with high and low scores. High-risk score and cluster 1 based on LASSO Cox regression and consensus clustering analysis were relevant to clinical features and unfavorable prognosis. GSVA analysis showed that prognostic-associated TBCs were related to metabolism and protein transport signaling pathway. Correlation analysis indicated the relationship between the prognostic-associated TBCs with RAB family members, invasion-related genes and immune cells. The prognostic nomogram model was well established to predict survival in melanoma. What's more, interference of one of the seven TBC proteins TBC1D7 was confirmed to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro. In summary, we preliminarily investigated the impact of TBCs on melanoma through multiple bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, which is helpful for clarifying the mechanism of melanoma and the development of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Si Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
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29
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Han Y, Li X, Yan J, Ma C, Wang X, Pan H, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Gao B, Ji XY. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Potential Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581985. [PMID: 33178610 PMCID: PMC7596746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin tumor and is prone to distant metastases. The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly in the past few decades, and current trends indicate that this growth is continuing. This study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of melanoma pathogenesis and discover underlying pathways and genes associated with melanoma. We used high-throughput expression data to study differential expression profiles of related genes in melanoma. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of melanoma in GSE15605, GSE46517, GSE7553, and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by paired t-test. Then the DEGs were performed cluster and principal component analyses and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction. After that, we analyzed the differential genes through bioinformatics and got hub genes. Finally, the expression of hub genes was confirmed in the TCGA databases and collected patient tissue samples. Total 144 up-regulated DEGs and 16 down-regulated DEGs were identified. A total of 17 gene ontology analysis (GO) terms and 11 pathways were closely related to melanoma. Pathway of pathways in cancer was enriched in 8 DEGs, such as junction plakoglobin (JUP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the PPI networks, 9 hub genes were obtained, such as loricrin (LOR), filaggrin (FLG), keratin 5 (KRT5), corneodesmosin (CDSN), desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmoglein 3 (DSG3), keratin 1 (KRT1), involucrin (IVL), and EGFR. The pathway of pathways in cancer and its enriched DEGs may play important roles in the process of melanoma. The hub genes of DEGs may become promising melanoma candidate genes. Five key genes FLG, DSG1, DSG3, IVL, and EGFR were identified in the TCGA database and melanoma tissues. The results suggested that FLG, DSG1, DSG3, IVL, and EGFR might play important roles and potentially be valuable in the prognosis and treatment of melanoma. These hub genes might well have clinical significance as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Han
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiliang Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Hospital Infection Control Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Biao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Functional Laboratory and Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, China
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30
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Orchard SG, Lockery JE, Gibbs P, Polekhina G, Wolfe R, Zalcberg J, Haydon A, McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Kirpach B, Murray AM, Woods RL. Cancer history and risk factors in healthy older people enrolling in the ASPREE clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 96:106095. [PMID: 32739494 PMCID: PMC8009087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Given the elevated risk of cancer with age and an ageing population, it is important to understand the changing burden of cancer in older populations. The ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study randomised healthy older individuals to 100 mg aspirin or placebo, with clinical outcomes and disability-free survival endpoints. Detailed baseline data provides a rare opportunity to explore cancer burden in a uniquely healthy older population. METHODS At study enrolment (2010-2014), self-reported personal cancer history, cancer type and cancer risk factor data were sought from 19,114 participants (Australia, n = 16,703; U.S., n = 2411). Eligible participants were healthy, free of major diseases and expected to survive 5 years. RESULTS Nearly 20% of enrolling ASPREE participants reported a prior cancer diagnosis; 18% of women and 22% of men, with women diagnosed younger (16% vs 6% of diagnoses <50 years). Cancer prevalence increased with age. Prevalence of prostate and breast cancer history were higher in U.S. participants; melanoma and colorectal cancer were higher in Australian participants. Cancer history prevalence was not associated with contemporary common risk factors nor previous aspirin use, but was associated with poor health ratings in men. Blood and breast cancer history were more common with past aspirin use. CONCLUSIONS Personal cancer history in healthy older ASPREE participants was as expected for the most common cancer types in the respective populations, but was not necessarily aligned with known risk factors. We attribute this to survivor bias, likely driven by entry criteria. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN83772183) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01038583).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Jessica E Lockery
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Peter Gibbs
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne,1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - John Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew Haydon
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St (Private Bag 23), Hobart 7000, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Brenda Kirpach
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute (HHRI), 701 Park Avenue, Suite PP7.700, Minneapolis 55415, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Anne M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute (HHRI), 701 Park Avenue, Suite PP7.700, Minneapolis 55415, Minnesota, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare and University of Minnesota, East River Parkway, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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31
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Park E, Lee Y, Jue MS. Hydrochlorothiazide use and the risk of skin cancer in patients with hypertensive disorder: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from Korea. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:917-928. [PMID: 31842528 PMCID: PMC7373969 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have shown a cumulative dose-dependent association between the use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Western Europe. However, whether this pattern is present in East Asia countries is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HCTZ use and the risk of skin cancer among a cohort of hypertensive patients in South Korea. METHODS This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study using the database from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between January 1, 2007 and June 30, 2017 in South Korea. We identified patients diagnosed with melanoma and NMSC in the cohorts of essential hypertensive patients who were treated with HCTZ or antihypertensive agents other than HCTZ. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, the hazard ratios (HR) for skin cancer associated with HCTZ users were calculated. RESULTS The risk of melanoma was significantly lower in HCTZ-users compared with non-HCTZ users (HR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.97; p = 0.016), and the risk of NMSC was lower in the HCTZ users but no statistically significant association was seen (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.02; p = 0.236). High cumulative doses (≥ 50,000 mg) of HCTZ were associated with decreased risk of both NMSC (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.38; p < 0.001) and melanoma (HR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.70; p = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION High cumulative use of HCTZ may have a chemopreventive effect against the development of melanoma and NMSC with clear cumulative dose-response and duration-response relationships in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Park
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihn-Sook Jue
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Mihn-Sook Jue, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, 53 Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05368, Korea Tel: +82-2-2225-1388 Fax: +82-2-2225-4374 E-mail:
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32
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Sex differences in the association between tumor growth and T cell response in a melanoma mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2157-2162. [PMID: 32638080 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that females have an advantage over males in cases of melanoma incidence, progression, and survival. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain unclear. With the knowledge that females generally have a more robust immune system than males, we investigated sex differences in melanoma progression in a B16-F10/BL6 syngeneic mouse model. We observed significantly less tumor volume and growth rate over 14 days in female mice compared to male mice. Furthermore, higher populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which indicate adaptive immune responses, were found in the circulating blood and tumors of females and corresponded with less tumor growth, and vice versa in males. Our results highlight a mouse model that represents melanoma progression in the human population and displays a higher immune response to melanoma in females compared to males. These findings suggest that the immune system may be one of the mechanisms responsible for sex differences in melanoma.
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33
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Tang L, Long J, Li K, Zhang X, Chen X, Peng C. A novel chalcone derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth through targeting Fyn/Stat3 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32565740 PMCID: PMC7302361 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fyn has been documented to have oncogenic features in multiple tumors, which might be a potential therapeutic target, however, few studies on the function role of Fyn and its specific inhibitors in melanoma. Methods We investigated the impacts of Fyn and its inhibitor Lj-1-60 on melanoma through bioinformatics analysis, western blot, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis and xenograft tumor model as well as immunohistochemical staining. Pull-down and in vitro kinase assay were used to demonstrate Lj-1-60 targeting Fyn. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR were adopted to confirm the potential mechanisms of Lj-1-60 in melanoma. Results Our findings showed that Fyn was overexpressed in melanoma cells and knocked down of Fyn suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells. To identify the potential inhibitors of Fyn, our in-house library including total of 111,277 chemicals was conducted to vitro screening, among those compounds, 83 inhibitors were further detected to explore the effect on melanoma cells growth and discovered a novel chalcone derivative Lj-1-60 that exhibited low cellular toxicity and high anti-tumor efficacy. Lj-1-60 directly was associated with Fyn and inhibited the Fyn kinase activity with Stat3 as substrate. What's more, Lj-1-60 suppressed the proliferation of melanoma in vitro and in vivo through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the activation of Stat3 had also been abrogated both in Lj-1-60 treated melanoma cells or Fyn knocked down cells. Conclusion Our study revealed a novel Fyn inhibitor that could significantly suppress melanoma growth, which is a promising potential inhibitor for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Papadogeorgou G, Dominici F. A causal exposure response function with local adjustment for confounding: Estimating health effects of exposure to low levels of ambient fine particulate matter. Ann Appl Stat 2020; 14:850-871. [PMID: 33649709 PMCID: PMC7914396 DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, ambient levels of air pollution have declined substantially. At the same time, the Clean Air Act mandates that the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) must be routinely assessed to protect populations based on the latest science. Therefore, researchers should continue to address the following question: is exposure to levels of air pollution below the NAAQS harmful to human health? Furthermore, the contentious nature surrounding environmental regulations urges us to cast this question within a causal inference framework. Several parametric and semi-parametric regression approaches have been used to estimate the exposure-response (ER) curve between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution concentrations and health outcomes. However, most of the existing approaches are not formulated within a formal framework for causal inference, adjust for the same set of potential confounders across all levels of exposure, and do not account for model uncertainty regarding covariate selection and the shape of the ER. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian framework for the estimation of a causal ER curve called LERCA (Local Exposure Response Confounding Adjustment), which a) allows for different confounders and different strength of confounding at the different exposure levels; and b) propagates model uncertainty regarding confounders' selection and the shape of the ER. Importantly, LERCA provides a principled way of assessing the observed covariates' confounding importance at different exposure levels, providing researchers with important information regarding the set of variables to measure and adjust for in regression models. Using simulation studies, we show that state of the art approaches perform poorly in estimating the ER curve in the presence of local confounding. LERCA is used to evaluate the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, a key regulated pollutant, and cardiovascular hospitalizations for 5,362 zip codes in the continental U.S. and located near a pollution monitoring site, while adjusting for a potentially varying set of confounders across the exposure range. Our data set includes rich health, weather, demographic, and pollution information for the years of 2011-2013. The estimated exposure-response curve is increasing indicating that higher ambient concentrations lead to higher cardiovascular hospitalization rates, and ambient PM2.5 was estimated to lead to an increase in cardiovascular hospitalization rates when focusing at the low exposure range. Our results indicate that there is no threshold for the effect of PM2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115
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35
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Yuan TA, Yourk V, Farhat A, Guo KL, Garcia A, Meyskens FL, Liu-Smith F. A Possible Link of Genetic Variations in ER/IGF1R Pathway and Risk of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051776. [PMID: 32150843 PMCID: PMC7084478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of gender disparity in cutaneous melanoma incidence remains unclear. Steroid hormones including estrogens have long been implicated in the course of melanoma, but the conclusion is controversial. Estrogen receptors (ERs) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) show extensive crosstalk in cancer development, but how the ER/IGF1R network impacts melanoma is currently unclear. Here we studied the melanoma associations of selected SNPs from the ER/IGF1R network. Part of the International Genes, Environment, and Melanoma (GEM) cohort was used as a discovery set, and the Gene Environment Association Studies Initiative (GENEVA) dataset served as a validation set. Based on the associations with other malignant disease conditions, thirteen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in ESR1, ESR2, IGF1, and IGF1R were selected for candidate gene association analyses. The rs1520220 in IGF1 and rs2229765 in IGF1R variants were significantly associated with melanoma risk in the GEM dataset after Benjamini-Hochberg multiple comparison correction, although they were not validated in the GENEVA set. The discrepancy may be caused by the multiple melanoma characteristics in the GEM patients. Further analysis of gender disparity was carried out for IGF1 and IGF1R SNPs in the GEM dataset. The GG phenotype in IGF1 rs1520220 (recessive model) presented an increased risk of melanoma (OR = 8.11, 95% CI: 2.20, 52.5, p = 0.006) in men but a significant opposite effect in women (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.86, p = 0.045). The AA genotype in IGF1R rs2229765 (recessive model) showed a significant protective effect in men (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.64, p = 0.008) and no effect in women. Results from the current study are warranted for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-An Yuan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (T.-A.Y.); (F.L.M.)
| | - Vandy Yourk
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Ali Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Guo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Angela Garcia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Frank L. Meyskens
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (T.-A.Y.); (F.L.M.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-824-2778
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36
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Islami F, Sauer AG, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Minihan AK, Geller AC, Lichtenfeld JL, Jemal A. Cutaneous melanomas attributable to ultraviolet radiation exposure by state. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1385-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Islami
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Kimberly D. Miller
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Stacey A. Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Adair K. Minihan
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - Alan C. Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA
| | | | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
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37
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Yang Y, Ma S, Ye Z, Zhou X. MCM7 silencing promotes cutaneous melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis by inactivating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1283-1294. [PMID: 31535400 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has become a major public health concern. Studies illustrate that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) participate in various diseases including skin disease. Our study aimed to study the effects of MCM7 silencing on CM cell autophagy and apoptosis by modulating the AKT threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen the CM-related gene expression data as well as differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, MCM7 expression vector and lentivirus RNA used for MCM7 silencing (LV-shRNA-MCM7) were constructed, and these vectors, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and AKT activator SC79 were then introduced into CM cell line SK-MEL-2 to validate the role of MCM7 in cell autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MCM7 in CM progress, the expression of MCM7, AKT1, mTOR, cyclin D1, as well as autophagy and apoptosis relative factors, such as LC3B, SOD2, DJ-1, p62, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in melanoma cells was determined. MCM7 might mediate the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway to influence the progress of melanoma. MCM7 silencing contributed to the increased expression of Bax, capase-3, and autophagy-related genes (LC3B, SOD2, and DJ-1), but decreased the expression of Bcl-2, which suggested that MCM7 silencing promoted autophagy and cell apoptosis. At the same time, MCM7 silencing also attenuated cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reduced the cyclin D1 expression and protein levels of p-AKT1 and p-mTOR. Taken together, MCM7 silencing inhibited CM via inactivation of the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Baoshihua Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- College of Information and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianyi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Characterizations of Gene Alterations in Melanoma Patients from Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6096814. [PMID: 32083130 PMCID: PMC7011309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6096814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a human skin malignant tumor with high invasion and poor prognosis. The limited understanding of genomic alterations in melanomas in China impedes the diagnosis and therapeutic strategy selection. We conducted comprehensive genomic profiling of melanomas from 39 primary and metastatic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 27 patients in China based on an NGS panel of 223 genes. No significant difference in gene alterations was found between primary and metastasis melanomas. The status of germline mutation, CNV, and somatic mutation in our cohort was quite different from that reported in Western populations. We further delineated the mutation patterns of 4 molecular subgroups (BRAF, RAS, NF1, and Triple-WT) of melanoma in our cohort. BRAF mutations were more frequently identified in melanomas without chromic sun-induced damage (non-CSD), while RAS mutations were more likely observed in acral melanomas. NF1 and Triple-WT subgroups were unbiased between melanomas arising in non-CSD and acral skin. BRAF, RAS, and NF1 mutations were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis or presence of ulceration, implying that these cancer driver genes were independent prognostic factors. In summary, our results suggest that mutational profiles of malignant melanomas in China are significantly different from Western countries, and both gene mutation and amplification play an important role in the development and progression of melanomas.
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39
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Puentes C, Estrada A, Bohórquez M, Vélez A, Giraldo C, Echeverry M. Melanoma: clinical-pathological and molecular analysis in patients of Ibague city, Colombia. DUAZARY 2020. [DOI: 10.21676/2389783x.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with melanoma and its association with BRAF gene mutations. The pathology reports and paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 47 women and 30 men with melanoma, with an average age of diagnosis of 60 years, were reviewed at the Hospital Federico Lleras Acosta of Ibague, between 2010 and 2016. The presence of V600E mutation at the exon 15 of BRAF gene, was analyzed in these tumoral samples by Sanger sequencing and visual inspection of the electropherograms. We also studied the clinicopathological variables with X2, t-Student and the Kaplan Meier index. Most of the lesions were located in the lower limbs (46.6%). The most frequent subtype was Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (41.8%). Most lesions were of poor prognosis: Breslow depth greater than 4.1 mm (52.7%), ulceration (61.4%) and medium or high mitotic rate (> 30 %). The V600E mutation was identified in five patients with large, deep and ulcerated tumors, four of them had less than four years of survival. In conclusion, there was a higher frequency of melanoma in women, V600E BRAF mutation was present in patients with advanced disease (high Breslow index) and, the probability of five-year survival was less than 40%.
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40
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Obrador E, Liu-Smith F, Dellinger RW, Salvador R, Meyskens FL, Estrela JM. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in the pathophysiology of malignant melanoma. Biol Chem 2019; 400:589-612. [PMID: 30352021 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high number of somatic mutations in the melanoma genome associated with cumulative ultra violet (UV) exposure has rendered it one of the most difficult of cancers to treat. With new treatment approaches based on targeted and immune therapies, drug resistance has appeared as a consistent problem. Redox biology, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), plays a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and to metastatic cells. The involvement of melanin production and UV radiation in ROS/RNS generation has rendered the melanocytic lineage a unique system for studying redox biology. Overall, an elevated oxidative status has been associated with melanoma, thus much effort has been expended to prevent or treat melanoma using antioxidants which are expected to counteract oxidative stress. The consequence of this redox-rebalance seems to be two-fold: on the one hand, cells may behave less aggressively or even undergo apoptosis; on the other hand, cells may survive better after being disseminated into the circulating system or after drug treatment, thus resulting in metastasis promotion or further drug resistance. In this review we summarize the current understanding of redox signaling in melanoma at cellular and systemic levels and discuss the experimental and potential clinic use of antioxidants and new epigenetic redox modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Epdemiology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Department of Epdemiology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - José M Estrela
- Department of Phisiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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41
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Steuer AB, Cohen JM, Zampella JG. Top dermatologic diagnoses by gender in the United States. Int J Dermatol 2019; 59:e206-e208. [PMID: 31769011 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa B Steuer
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Cohen
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Zampella
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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42
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Garbutcheon‐Singh KB, Curchin DJ, McCormack CJ, Smith SD. Trends in the incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma in Victoria, Australia, between 1986 and 2016. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 61:e34-e38. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Curchin
- Northern Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Saxon D. Smith
- Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
- Northern Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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43
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Abstract
Current recommendations by the United States Preventive Services Task Force do not support screening for skin cancer. Melanoma is unique among cancers because detection is through visual inspection. Development of technologies that aid visual inspection have supported screening strategies in high-risk populations such as older fair skinned males with personal or family history of melanoma. Clearly delineating these populations and appropriate utilization of these newer technologies will be imperative in future screening paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H O'Neill
- Hiram C. Polk, JR, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Charles R Scoggins
- Hiram C. Polk, JR, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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44
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Health Status of Female and Male Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans: A Population-Based Study. Womens Health Issues 2019; 29 Suppl 1:S39-S46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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45
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Ghazawi FM, Le M, Lagacé F, Cyr J, Alghazawi N, Zubarev A, Roy SF, Rahme E, Netchiporouk E, Roshdy O, Glassman SJ, Sasseville D, Litvinov IV. Incidence, Mortality, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cases Across Canada. J Cutan Med Surg 2019; 23:394-412. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475419852048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: We recently reported a steady increase in the incidence and mortality of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Canada during 1992-2010. Objectives: The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of Canadian CMM patients at the level of provinces, cities, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal codes. Methods: Using 3 Canadian population-based registries, we conducted an in-depth examination of the incidence and mortality trends for 72 565 Canadian CMM patients over the period 1992-2010. Results: We found that among 20- to 39-year-olds, the incidence of CMM in women (7.17 per 100 000 individuals) was significantly higher than in men (4.60 per 100 000 individuals per year). Women age 80 years and older had an incidence of CMM (58.46 cases per 100 000 women per year) more than 4 times greater than the national average (12.29 cases per 100 000 population per year) and a corresponding high mortality rate (20.18 deaths per 100 000 women per year), when compared with the Canadian melanoma mortality of 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year. In other age groups men had higher incidence and corresponding melanoma mortality rates. We also studied CMM incidence by province, city, and FSA postal codes and identified several high-incidence communities that were located near the coast/waterfronts. In addition, plotting latitude measures for cities and FSAs vs CMM incidence rate confirmed the inverse relationship between geographical latitude and incidence of melanoma in Canada (slope = –0.22 ± 0.05). Conclusions: This research may help develop sex-, age- and geographic region-specific recommendations to decrease the future burden of CMM in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Le
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Lagacé
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Janelle Cyr
- Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nebras Alghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrei Zubarev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon F. Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Osama Roshdy
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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46
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Bae E, Leone D, Konnikov N, Mahalingam M. Demographics, Risk Factors, and Incidence of Melanoma in Patients in the New England VA Healthcare system. Mil Med 2019; 184:e408-e416. [PMID: 30395278 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A recent study found that the incidence of melanoma and melanoma-related mortality was decreasing in residents of the New England region. However, it is unknown whether this trend is conserved in Veterans of New England who constitute more than 14% of the national Veteran population. Given this, our goal was to analyze the incidence of melanoma in patients of Veteran Integrated Service Network-1 (VISN-1) (geographically consisting of VA health care facilities in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont) and to calculate an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of melanoma in VISN-1 compared to the general population. Additional goals were to ascertain the risk/susceptibility of this patient population with a view to improve quality of care and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for 523 cases of melanoma [2000-2011] were obtained from the regional branch of the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) within the geographic area comprising VISN-1. A detailed retrospective chart review was conducted on these cases to gather demographic, risk factor, and clinical practice data. Demographic and incidence data from VISN-1 were compared to the general population via data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) from the same time period. Person-years (PY) were calculated for both populations to measure IRRs which was further standardized for age and gender. RESULTS VISN-1 patients were predominantly older (94.26% >50 years), Caucasian (99.43%) males (96.75%). Compared to the general population, VISN-1 patients experienced more invasive lesions defined as stage T1 or greater (4.33% vs. 57.12%, p < 0.001), but reduced melanoma-associated mortality (40.96% vs. 19.05%, p < 0.001) although all-cause mortality was approximately doubled (52.20% vs. 26.14%, p < 0.001). Metastatic disease-rates were similar in both [approximately 4% in both]. IRR of melanoma in VISN-1 patients was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20-0.67; p = 0.0063) which persisted in all age groups/genders. 60.92% of VISN-1 patients had recreational sun-exposure history and 72.41% of tobacco use. 95.02% of melanomas were located in continuously/intermittently sun-exposed areas, 93.28% were surgically-treated with a median treatment delay of 31 days [range 18-48]. Median lost to follow-up was 0 day [range 0-681 days]. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the general population, melanoma incidence was lower in the VISN-1 cohort, possibly due to decreased UV index in the New England region, protective effects of past tobacco use, improved access to care through the VA and regional public health educational efforts. Yet melanomas were more often invasive in the VISN-1 cohort due to advanced age and male sex both of which are associated with more advanced disease at diagnosis. A strength of this study is the calculation of IRR using PY as this method enhances accuracy of incidence calculations. The data were limited by the fact that the population was from one geographic region and consisted mainly of elderly Caucasian males. Descriptive variable data such as sun-protective habits and risk factors from military service are limited by potential recall bias given the retrospective study design. Further study is necessary to replicate these results and to compare our data to Veteran populations from different geographic regions within the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Internal Medicine, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA
| | - Dominick Leone
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nellie Konnikov
- Department of Dermatology, VA Integrated Service Network (VISN-1), West Roxbury, MA
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Integrated Service Network (VISN-1), West Roxbury, MA
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47
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Garbe C, Keim U, Eigentler TK, Amaral T, Katalinic A, Holleczek B, Martus P, Leiter U. Time trends in incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma in Germany. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1272-1280. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Garbe
- Centre for Dermato‐Oncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
| | - U. Keim
- Centre for Dermato‐Oncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
| | - T. K. Eigentler
- Centre for Dermato‐Oncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
| | - T. Amaral
- Centre for Dermato‐Oncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
- Portuguese Air Force Health Care Direction Lisbon Portugal
| | - A. Katalinic
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Luebeck Germany
| | | | - P. Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology und Applied Biostatistics Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
| | - U. Leiter
- Centre for Dermato‐Oncology Department of Dermatology Eberhard‐Karls University Tuebingen Germany
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48
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Willcox JL, Marks SL, Ueda Y, Skorupski KA. Clinical features and outcome of dermal squamous cell carcinoma in 193 dogs (1987-2017). Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:130-138. [PMID: 30684311 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a frequently recognized dermal tumour in dogs and has been described as a common pathology induced by solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. Little has been published about this neoplasm with regard to clinical features and outcome in dogs. This retrospective study included 193 dogs from a single institution histopathologically diagnosed with SCC of the dermis. Thirty-eight percent of all dogs had documented histopathologic actinic change. The overall median survival time was 1004 days, with the population demonstrating actinic change associated with a significantly longer survival time (median 1359 days, range 16-3530 days) compared to dogs without actinic change (median 680 days, range 16-3066 days) and this achieved significance on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.193-0.930, P = 0.032). These data demonstrate increased survival of dogs with SCC demonstrating actinic change over those with non-actinic SCCs, and purports long-term survival for these animals. Dogs received a variety of treatment approaches as a retrospective study, and future prospective studies will be necessary to investigate whether adjunct therapies such as radiation or chemotherapy offer improvement in survival for dermal SCC in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Stanley L Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Yuan TA, Lu Y, Edwards K, Jakowatz J, Meyskens FL, Liu-Smith F. Race-, Age-, and Anatomic Site-Specific Gender Differences in Cutaneous Melanoma Suggest Differential Mechanisms of Early- and Late-Onset Melanoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E908. [PMID: 30871230 PMCID: PMC6466415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both genders showed positive annual average percentage changes (AAPCs) over the years, but AAPCs varied at different body sites, with men's trunk exhibiting the fastest increase. Non-whites were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than whites and showed a trend towards fewer gender differences in the age of diagnosis. However, non-whites and whites showed a similar pattern of age-specific gender differences in the incidence rate ratios. A consistent spiked difference (female vs. male, incidence rate ratio (IRR) >2) was observed at or near the age of 20⁻24 in all race groups and at all body sites. The highest female vs. male IRR was found in the hip and lower extremities, and the lowest IRR was found in the head and neck region in all races. These race-, gender-, and site-dependent differences suggest that age-associated cumulative sun exposure weighs significantly more in late-onset melanomas, while genetics and/or pathophysiological factors make important contributions to early-onset melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-An Yuan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Karen Edwards
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - James Jakowatz
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Melanoma Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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50
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Matas-Nadal C, Malvehy J, Ferreres JR, Boada A, Bodet D, Segura S, Salleras M, Azon A, Bel-Pla S, Bigata X, Campoy A, Curcó N, Dalmau J, Formigon M, Gonzalez A, Just M, Llistosella E, Nogues ME, Pedragosa R, Pujol JA, Sabat M, Smandia JA, Zaballos P, Puig S, Martí RM. Increasing incidence of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in Catalonia. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:577-581. [PMID: 30548854 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies suggest that past data where superficial spreading melanoma was by far the most common subtype of melanoma may not reflect current patterns of sun exposure or other risk factors more involved in other subtypes of melanoma as lentigo maligna (LM) or lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). METHODS In order to measure the current situation in our country, all cases of LM and LMM diagnosed in 23 hospitals in Catalonia, from 2000 to 2007, were recorded. RESULTS Although for the global period LM/LMM represented only 8.4% of cases, an increasing trend in this percentage was observed throughout the study period (from 6.9% [27 cases] in 2000 to 13.1% [94 cases] in 2007). Also, an increasing incidence of LM/LMM was observed, especially in chronically sun-exposed areas (85.5% involving the head and neck region). During the 8 years of the registry, the mean Breslow thickness of LMM remained stable. However, the increase in the number of LM (in situ) cases was significantly higher than the increase of the invasive ones. CONCLUSIONS An important observation from this data is that aging of population and current sun exposure patterns could keep increasing the incidence of LM/LMM, which may become an important public healthcare problem, over the other histological subtypes. In order to establish primary or secondary preventive measures to the LM/LMM risk-population, it is imperative to highlight the importance of chronic sun damage as a melanoma risk factor, and not only sunburn, most commonly addressed in melanoma prevention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Matas-Nadal
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida & CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Ferreres
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Aram Boada
- Department of Dermatology, Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Domingo Bodet
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Segura
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Salleras
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Azon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Susana Bel-Pla
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Comarcal d'Amposta, Amposta, Spain
| | - Xavier Bigata
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Antoni Campoy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Spain
| | - Neus Curcó
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Joan Dalmau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Formigon
- Department of Dermatology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Alberto Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, Consorci Sanitari Integral, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miquel Just
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Figueres, Figueres, Girona, Spain
| | - Enric Llistosella
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - M Elena Nogues
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital d'Igualada, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep A Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mireia Sabat
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Joan A Smandia
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital 2 de Maig, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Zaballos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Santa Tecla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Martí
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida & CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
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