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Laska J, Tota M, Łacwik J, Sędek Ł, Gomułka K. IL-22 in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2024; 13:1398. [PMID: 39195286 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a multifaceted pathophysiology that gives rise to diverse clinical manifestations. The management of AD remains challenging due to the suboptimal efficacy of existing treatment options. Nonetheless, recent progress in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the disease has facilitated the identification of new potential therapeutic targets and promising drug candidates. In this review, we summarize the newest data, considering multiple connections between IL-22 and AD. The presence of circulating IL-22 has been found to correlate with the severity of AD and is identified as a critical factor driving the inflammatory response associated with the condition. Elevated levels of IL-22 in patients with AD are correlated with increased proliferation of keratinocytes, alterations in the skin microbiota, and impaired epidermal barrier function. Collectively, these factors contribute to the manifestation of the characteristic symptoms observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laska
- Student Research Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Tota
- Student Research Group of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Łacwik
- Student Research Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Chen X, Wu Y, Jia R, Fang Y, Cao K, Yang X, Qu X, Xia H. Antioxidant Activity and the Therapeutic Effect of Sinomenine Hydrochloride-Loaded Liposomes-in-Hydrogel on Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7676. [PMID: 39062919 PMCID: PMC11276951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine hydrochloride is an excellent drug with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and other functions. Atopic dermatitis is an inherited allergic inflammation that causes itchiness, redness, and swelling in the affected area, which can have a significant impact on the life of the patient. There are many therapeutic methods for atopic dermatitis, and sinomenine with immunomodulatory activity might be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this study, the atopic dermatitis model was established in experimental mice, and physical experiments were carried out on the mice. In the experiment, sinomenine hydrochloride liposomes-in-hydrogel as a new preparation was selected for delivery. In this case, liposomes were dispersed in the colloidal hydrogel on a mesoscopic scale and could provide specific transfer properties. The results showed that the sinomenine hydrochloride-loaded liposomes-in-hydrogel system could effectively inhibit atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (X.C.); (Y.W.); (R.J.); (Y.F.); (K.C.); (X.Y.); (X.Q.)
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3
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Pareek A, Kumari L, Pareek A, Chaudhary S, Ratan Y, Janmeda P, Chuturgoon S, Chuturgoon A. Unraveling Atopic Dermatitis: Insights into Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Advances, and Future Perspectives. Cells 2024; 13:425. [PMID: 38474389 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition that frequently develops before the onset of allergic rhinitis or asthma. More than 10% of children are affected by this serious skin condition, which is painful for the sufferers. Recent research has connected the environment, genetics, the skin barrier, drugs, psychological factors, and the immune system to the onset and severity of AD. The causes and consequences of AD and its cellular and molecular origins are reviewed in this paper. The exploration of interleukins and their influence on the immunological pathway in AD has been facilitated by using relevant biomarkers in clinical trials. This approach enables the identification of novel therapeutic modalities, fostering the potential for targeted translational research within the realm of personalized medicine. This review focuses on AD's pathophysiology and the ever-changing therapeutic landscape. Beyond the plethora of biologic medications in various stages of approval or development, a range of non-biologic targeted therapies, specifically small molecules, have emerged. These include Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors like Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, and Abrocitinib, thus expanding the spectrum of therapeutic options. This review also addresses the latest clinical efficacy data and elucidates the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Lipika Kumari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Simran Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Sanam Chuturgoon
- Northdale Hospital, Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Facheris P, Jeffery J, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. The translational revolution in atopic dermatitis: the paradigm shift from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:448-474. [PMID: 36928371 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease, and it is considered a complex and heterogeneous condition. Different phenotypes of AD, defined according to the patient age at onset, race, and ethnic background; disease duration; and other disease characteristics, have been recently described, underlying the need for a personalized treatment approach. Recent advancements in understanding AD pathogenesis resulted in a real translational revolution and led to the exponential expansion of the therapeutic pipeline. The study of biomarkers in clinical studies of emerging treatments is helping clarify the role of each cytokine and immune pathway in AD and will allow addressing the unique immune fingerprints of each AD subset. Personalized medicine will be the ultimate goal of this targeted translational research. In this review, we discuss the changes in the concepts of both the pathogenesis of and treatment approach to AD, highlight the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment and report the most recent clinical efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Facheris
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jane Jeffery
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Jeong H, Chong HJ, So J, Jo Y, Yune TY, Ju BG. Ghrelin Represses Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Gene Expression through Activation of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Protein Kinase C Delta in Inflamed Skin Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073977. [PMID: 35409338 PMCID: PMC8999772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-inflammatory activity in skin diseases, including dermatitis and psoriasis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of ghrelin on skin inflammation is not clear. In this study, we found that ghrelin alleviates atopic dermatitis (AD)-phenotypes through suppression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene activation. Knockdown or antagonist treatment of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), the receptor for ghrelin, suppressed ghrelin-induced alleviation of AD-like phenotypes and suppression of TSLP gene activation. We further found that ghrelin induces activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), leading to the binding of GR with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) NCoR corepressor to negative glucocorticoid response element (nGRE) on the TSLP gene promoter. In addition, ghrelin-induced protein kinase C δ (PKCδ)-mediated phosphorylation of p300 at serine 89 (S89), which decreased the acetylation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) p65 to the TSLP gene promoter. Knockdown of PKCδ abolished ghrelin-induced suppression of TSLP gene activation. Our study suggests that ghrelin may help to reduce skin inflammation through GR and PKCδ-p300-NF-κB-mediated suppression of TSLP gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayan Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Chong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jangho So
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yejin Jo
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tae-Young Yune
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (H.J.); (H.-J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-705-8455
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Echinochrome A Treatment Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice via IL-4 and IL-13 Suppression. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110622. [PMID: 34822493 PMCID: PMC8625509 DOI: 10.3390/md19110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which skin barrier dysfunction leads to dryness, pruritus, and erythematous lesions. AD is triggered by immune imbalance and oxidative stress. Echinochrome A (Ech A), a natural pigment isolated from sea urchins, exerts antioxidant and beneficial effects in various inflammatory disease models. In the present study, we tested whether Ech A treatment alleviated AD-like skin lesions. We examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Ech A on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like lesions in an NC/Nga mouse model. AD-like skin symptoms were induced by treatment with 1% DNCB for 1 week and 0.4% DNCB for 5 weeks in NC/Nga mice. The results showed that Ech A alleviated AD clinical symptoms, such as edema, erythema, and dryness. Treatment with Ech A induced the recovery of epidermis skin lesions as observed histologically. Tewameter® and Corneometer® measurements indicated that Ech A treatment reduced transepidermal water loss and improved stratum corneum hydration, respectively. Ech A treatment also inhibited inflammatory-response-induced mast cell infiltration in AD-like skin lesions and suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ, interleukin-4, and interleukin-13. Collectively, these results suggest that Ech A may be beneficial for treating AD owing to its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Nam YK, Kim MH, Ha IJ, Yang WM. Derma-Hc, a New Developed Herbal Formula, Ameliorates Cutaneous Lichenification in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2359. [PMID: 33652999 PMCID: PMC7956340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous disorder that is characterized by severe eczematous inflammation, swelling, and lichenification. Activation of T helper (Th)-22 cells by allergens leads to epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis at the chronic phase of AD. Derma-Hc is composed of five natural herbs with anti-AD effects, such as Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Cryptotympana pustulata Fabr., Angelica sinensis Diels, Arctium lappa L. In this study, the ameliorative effect of Derma-Hc on cutaneous lichenification in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzne (DNCB)-induced AD was investigated. The dorsal skin of mice was sensitized with DNCB to induce AD-like skin lesions. The dermatitis score and frequency of scratching were evaluated. Thickness of epidermis and dermis was measured by staining with H&E. In addition, infiltration of the mast cell was observed by staining with toluidine blue. Then, desmosomal cadherin, DSC1 was examined by immunofluorescence. Pathological mechanisms involved in lichenification were analyzed in AD-like skin lesions and TNF-α + IFN-γ-treated with human keratinocytes including keratinocyte differentiation genes and JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway with IL-22 by RT-PCR and western blotting. Topical treatment of Derma-Hc improved AD-like symptoms such as dryness, edema and lichenefication and decreased the number of scratches. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Derma-Hc significantly inhibited epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and mast cells infiltration. In addition, the level of DSC1 was highly expressed in the epidermis by Derma-Hc. Moreover, mRNA expression level of FLG, an epidermal differentiation complex gene, was recovered by Derma-Hc treatment. KLK5 and KLK7 were markedly reduced to normalize keratinocyte differentiation in dorsal skin tissues and human keratinocytes. On the other hand, Derma-Hc restored expression level of SPINK5. In addition, Derma-Hc inhibited IL-22 via the blockade of JAK1-STAT3 signal pathway. Taken together, Derma-Hc, a natural herbal formula, regulated keratinocyte differentiation and inhibited epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis. Therefore, Derma-Hc could be a promising candidate for treating chronic AD through modulating signaling of IL-22-associated skin lichenification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyung Nam
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (M.H.K.)
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02454, Korea;
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (M.H.K.)
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8
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Wu J, Guttman-Yassky E. Efficacy of biologics in atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:525-538. [PMID: 32003247 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1722998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disease. Recent advancements in understanding AD pathogenesis resulted in the exponential expansion of its therapeutic pipeline, particularly following the success and FDA-approval of dupilumab. Different phenotypes of AD by age and ethnicity have also recently been described and clinical studies of emerging treatments will further clarify the role of each cytokine pathway in AD.Areas covered: We review the impressive repertoire of biologics for treatment of moderate-to-severe AD, including those targeting Th2, Th22, Th17/IL-23 and IgE. We highlight the scientific rationale behind each approach and provide a discussion of the most recent clinical efficacy and safety data.Expert opinion: AD is a complex disease and recent research has identified numerous endotypes, reinforcing the rationale for developing targeted therapeutics to antagonize these factors. Dupilumab has revolutionized AD treatment and its mechanistic studies also offer crucial insight into AD pathogenesis. Nevertheless, this biologic does not work for everyone, highlighting the need for a more precise approach to address the unique immune fingerprints of each AD subset. Ultimately targeted therapeutics will complement our understanding of the AD molecular map and help push AD management into an era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Litman T. Personalized medicine-concepts, technologies, and applications in inflammatory skin diseases. APMIS 2019; 127:386-424. [PMID: 31124204 PMCID: PMC6851586 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current state, tools, and applications of personalized medicine with special emphasis on inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are discussed. Inflammatory pathways are outlined as well as potential targets for monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Explorative Biology, Skin ResearchLEO Pharma A/SBallerupDenmark
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11
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Xie B, Li X. Inflammatory mediators causing cutaneous chronic itch in some diseases via transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 1 and subfamily A member 1. J Dermatol 2019; 46:177-185. [PMID: 30588658 PMCID: PMC6590237 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic itch with an itch-scratch vicious circle is a significant problem in a large amount of diseases. Some of these diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, Sézary syndrome, uremic pruritus, diabetes and jaundice, are common. For a very long time, chronic itch has been a thorny problem with few effective treatments. Because of this, itch researchers and dermatologists seek to find the mechanisms among chronic itch, inflammatory cytokines and neurons. As an immediate area of research focus, we are going to find the peripheral cross-talk between neurons and skin cells. Two receptors, named transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential channel ankyrin transmembrane protein 1, have been shown to play important roles in chronic itch. Many advances have been made so far this decade. This review talks about the updated mechanism of itch-related inflammatory cytokines via transient receptor potential channels in cutaneous chronic itch and corresponding diseases. The search for itch-related inflammatory mediators and the structure of transient receptor potential channels this decade could deepen our understanding of the mechanism of itch and help us find more treatments of chronic itch in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Xin‐Yu Li
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
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12
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Yu S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Follansbee T, Hwang ST. Immune mediators and therapies for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yanxi Li
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
| | - Taylor Follansbee
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; University of California Davis; Davis California
| | - Samuel T. Hwang
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California
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13
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Kalamaha K, Reis E, Newton S, Roche C, Julson J, Fernandes H, Rodrigues J. Atopic dermatitis: a review of evolving targeted therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:275-288. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1560267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadra Kalamaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Erin Reis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Shauna Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Conor Roche
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Janet Julson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Hermina Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sanford Health, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Jonathan Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, ND, USA
- Allergy and Immunology, Sanford Health, Bismarck, ND, USA
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14
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Jeong H, Shin JY, Kim MJ, Na J, Ju BG. Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Negatively Regulates Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Gene Expression via Protein Kinase Cδ-p300-NF-κB Pathway in Keratinocytes under Inflammatory Conditions. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:1098-1109. [PMID: 30503244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in pathogenesis in several types of dermatitis. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been reported in inflamed skin. In this study, keratinocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or flagellin in combination with AhR ligands or antagonist. TSLP gene expression and recruitment of transcriptional regulator to TSLP gene promoter were determined. The effects of AhR activation were also studied in DNFB-induced dermatitis model. We found that AhR activation suppressed upregulation of TSLP expression in keratinocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-α or flagellin. In addition, AhR activation induced protein kinase Cδ-mediated phosphorylation of p300 at serine 89, leading to decreased acetylation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB p65 to the TSLP gene promoter. We also found that AhR activation alleviates dermatitis induced by DNFB treatment. Protein kinase Cδ depletion by small interfering RNA abolished the beneficial effect of AhR activation on dermatitis. Our study suggests that AhR activation may help to reduce inflammation in the dermatitis via downregulation of TSLP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayan Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
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New Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis-New Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103086. [PMID: 30304837 PMCID: PMC6213458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease, which processes with severe itchiness. It often coexists with different atopic diseases. The number of people suffering from AD is relatively high. Epidemiological research demonstrates that 15–30% of children and 2–10% adults suffer from AD. The disease has significant negative social and economic impacts, substantially decreasing the quality of life of the patients and their families. Thanks to enormous progress in science and technology, it becomes possible to recognise complex genetic, immunological, and environmental factors and epidermal barrier defects that play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. We hope that the new insight on cytokines in AD will lead to new, individualised therapy and will open different therapeutic possibilities. In this article, we will focus on the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-19, IL-33, and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), which play a significant role in AD pathogenesis and may become the targets for future biologic therapies in AD. It is believed that the new era of biological drugs in AD will give a chance for patients to receive more successful treatment.
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Napolitano M, Marasca C, Fabbrocini G, Patruno C. Adult atopic dermatitis: new and emerging therapies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:867-878. [PMID: 30073901 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1507734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult atopic dermatitis (AD) is very difficult to manage. Indeed, AD in adults is frequently refractory to topical treatment, especially with regards to the persistent form. Therefore, long-term treatment with oral immunosuppressive therapy is often required to control the burden of the disease, prevent flare-ups and achieve better patient quality of life outcomes. Areas covered: In the last decade the better understanding of AD pathogenesis has been used to improve treatment strategies with many emerging therapeutics options. Epidermal barrier impairment often plays the initial role in the initiation of the disease. Moreover, T helper 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and their downstream effects are prominent in AD, with pleiotropic effects on the innate and adaptive immune system. Targeting these cells, their products or receptors appears to be a reasonable therapeutic strategy. Expert commentary: In the next years, many therapeutic options for adult AD will be available. Clinical trials showed that JAK inhibitors, PDE-4 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies against some IL (IL-4, IL 13, IL-17, IL-22, IL-31) seem to be the most promising drugs, but dermatologists will have to evaluate their effectiveness and safety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Napolitano
- a Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Claudio Marasca
- b Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- b Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- b Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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Renert-Yuval Y, Guttman-Yassky E. Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 18:356-364. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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