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Thiele H, Zeymer U, Akin I, Behnes M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, Lehmann R, Eitel I, Graf T, Seidler T, Schuster A, Skurk C, Duerschmied D, Clemmensen P, Hennersdorf M, Fichtlscherer S, Voigt I, Seyfarth M, John S, Ewen S, Linke A, Tigges E, Nordbeck P, Bruch L, Jung C, Franz J, Lauten P, Goslar T, Feistritzer HJ, Pöss J, Kirchhof E, Ouarrak T, Schneider S, Desch S, Freund A. Extracorporeal Life Support in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1286-1297. [PMID: 37634145 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2307227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used in the treatment of infarct-related cardiogenic shock despite a lack of evidence regarding its effect on mortality. METHODS In this multicenter trial, patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock for whom early revascularization was planned were randomly assigned to receive early ECLS plus usual medical treatment (ECLS group) or usual medical treatment alone (control group). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 30 days. Safety outcomes included bleeding, stroke, and peripheral vascular complications warranting interventional or surgical therapy. RESULTS A total of 420 patients underwent randomization, and 417 patients were included in final analyses. At 30 days, death from any cause had occurred in 100 of 209 patients (47.8%) in the ECLS group and in 102 of 208 patients (49.0%) in the control group (relative risk, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.19; P = 0.81). The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 7 days (interquartile range, 4 to 12) in the ECLS group and 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 9) in the control group (median difference, 1 day; 95% CI, 0 to 2). The safety outcome consisting of moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 23.4% of the patients in the ECLS group and in 9.6% of those in the control group (relative risk, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.95); peripheral vascular complications warranting intervention occurred in 11.0% and 3.8%, respectively (relative risk, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31 to 6.25). CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock with planned early revascularization, the risk of death from any cause at the 30-day follow-up was not lower among the patients who received ECLS therapy than among those who received medical therapy alone. (Funded by the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation and others; ECLS-SHOCK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03637205.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Thiele
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Michael Behnes
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Amir Abbas Mahabadi
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Ralf Lehmann
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Ingo Eitel
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Tobias Graf
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Tim Seidler
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Andreas Schuster
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Carsten Skurk
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Peter Clemmensen
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Marcus Hennersdorf
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Stephan Fichtlscherer
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Ingo Voigt
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Melchior Seyfarth
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Stefan John
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Axel Linke
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Eike Tigges
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Leonhard Bruch
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Christian Jung
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Jutta Franz
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Philipp Lauten
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Tomaz Goslar
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Hans-Josef Feistritzer
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Janine Pöss
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Eva Kirchhof
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Taoufik Ouarrak
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Steffen Schneider
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Steffen Desch
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
| | - Anne Freund
- From Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig (H.T., H.-J.F., J.P., S.D., A.F.) and Helios Health Institute (E.K.), Leipzig, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (U.Z., T.O., S.S.) and Klinikum Ludwigshafen (U.Z.), Ludwigshafen, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim (I.A., M.B., D.D.), the West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen (T.R., A.A.M.), and Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen (I.V.), Essen, Asklepios Clinic Langen, Langen (R.L.), University Heart Center Lübeck and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Lübeck (I.E., T. Graf), Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen (T.S., A.S.), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.S.), and Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (L.B.), Berlin, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (P.C.) and Asklepios Clinic St. Georg (E.T.), Hamburg, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn (M.H.), University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt (S.F.), Heart Center Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal (M.S.), Paracelsus Private University, Clinic Nuremberg South, Nuremberg (S.J.), Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg (S.E.), Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center, Dresden (A.L.), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg (P.N.), University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (C.J.), Clinic Winnenden, Winnenden (J.F.), and Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka (P.L.) - all in Germany; and University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (T. Goslar)
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