1
|
Jain H, Marsool Marsool MD, Verma A, Irfan H, Nadeem A, Jain J, Goyal A, Passey S, Gole S, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, Satapathy P. A Comprehensive Review on the Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Patterns and Prognosis. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:873-884. [PMID: 38954351 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) refers to cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis and is usually associated with worse outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the electrocardiographic (ECG) signs and features associated with CS, as well as examine modern techniques and their importance in CS evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS The exact pathogenesis of CS is still unclear, but it stems from an abnormal immunological response triggered by environmental factors in individuals with genetic predisposition. CS presents with non-cardiac symptoms; however, conduction system abnormalities are common in patients with CS. The most common electrocardiographic (ECG) signs include atrioventricular blocks and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Distinct patterns, such as fragmented QRS complexes, T-wave alternans, and bundle branch blocks, are critical indicators of myocardial involvement. The application of advanced ECG techniques such as signal-averaged ECG, Holter monitoring, wavelet-transformed ECG, microvolt T-wave alternans, and artificial intelligence-supported analysis holds promising outcomes for opportune detection and monitoring of CS. Timely utilisation of inexpensive and readily available ECG possesses the potential to allow early detection and intervention for CS. The integration of artificial intelligence models into ECG analysis is a promising approach for improving the ECG diagnostic accuracy and further risk stratification of patients with CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hritvik Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Amogh Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Hapur, India.
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Nadeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jyoti Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhant Passey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shrey Gole
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN), Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Abhay M Gaidhane
- Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Sarvesh Rustagi, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602117, India
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burger JC, Hopman LHGA, Kemme MJB, Hoeksema W, Takx RAP, Figueras I Ventura RM, Campos FO, Plank G, Planken RN, Allaart CP, van Halm VP, Postema PG, Götte MJW, Bishop MJ, Bhagirath P. Optimizing ventricular tachycardia ablation through imaging-based assessment of arrhythmic substrate: A comprehensive review and roadmap for the future. Heart Rhythm O2 2024; 5:561-572. [PMID: 39263615 PMCID: PMC11385403 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening heart rhythm and has long posed a complex challenge in the field of cardiology. Recent developments in advanced imaging modalities have aimed to improve comprehension of underlying arrhythmic substrate for VT. To this extent, high-resolution cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) have emerged as tools for accurately visualizing and characterizing scar tissue, fibrosis, and other critical structural abnormalities within the heart, providing novel insights into VT triggers and substrate. However, clinical implementation of knowledge derived from these advanced imaging techniques in improving VT treatment and guiding invasive therapeutic strategies continues to pose significant challenges. A pivotal concern lies in the absence of standardized imaging protocols and analysis methodologies, resulting in a large variance in data quality and consistency. Furthermore, the clinical significance and outcomes associated with VT substrate characterization through CMR and CCT remain dynamic and subject to ongoing evolution. This highlights the need for refinement of these techniques before their reliable integration into routine patient care can be realized. The primary objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to provide a comprehensive overview of the studies conducted over the last 15 years, summarizing the current available literature on imaging-based assessment of VT substrate. Secondly, to critically analyze and evaluate the selected studies, with the aim of providing valuable insights that can inform current clinical practice and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke C Burger
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk H G A Hopman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel J B Kemme
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiert Hoeksema
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A P Takx
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fernando O Campos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Nils Planken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Allaart
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vokko P van Halm
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Postema
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J W Götte
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Bishop
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pranav Bhagirath
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aryana A, D’Avila A. Emerging Tools and Techniques for Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A 2024 Update. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2024; 15:5718-5727. [PMID: 38304094 PMCID: PMC10829418 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2024.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aryana
- Mercy General Hospital and Dignity Health Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - André D’Avila
- The Harvard Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|