1
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Ashraf S, Khalaf AKS, Fatima L, Hashim HT, Irfan H, Ashfaq H, Khan MA, Zahid A, Akram U, Goyal A. Evaluating the Role of Ivabradine in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024:102604. [PMID: 38729277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) presents a significant global health challenge, with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The current therapeutic options for ADHF are limited. Ivabradine, a selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, has emerged as a potential therapy for ADHF by reducing the heart rate (HR) without negatively affecting myocardial contractility. However, the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ivabradine in patients with ADHF is limited and inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine for ADHF based on observational studies. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant observational studies comparing ivabradine with placebo in adult patients with ADHF. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Four observational studies comprising a total of 12034 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that ivabradine significantly reduced all-cause mortality (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.89, p<0.01) and resting HR (MD: -12.54, 95% CI: -21.66-3.42, p<0.01) compared to placebo. However, no significant differences were observed in cardiovascular mortality, hospital readmission for all causes, changes in LVEF, or changes in LVEDD. Sensitivity and publication bias assessments were conducted for each outcome. CONCLUSION Ivabradine may be beneficial for reducing mortality and HR in patients with ADHF. However, its impact on other clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular mortality, hospital readmission, and cardiac function remains inconclusive. Further research, particularly well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up durations, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ashraf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | - Laveeza Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Hashim Talib Hashim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, College of Medicine, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Haider Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Maryam Ahmed Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arhamah Zahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Umar Akram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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Hussain SAS, Irfan H, Ali MH, Talha M. Emerging Threat: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Balochistan, Pakistan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:268-269. [PMID: 38205698 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231226153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Haris Ali
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Ajmal H, Irfan H. Rising Threat: Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infection in Resource-Limited Pakistan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:266-267. [PMID: 38205709 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231226276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Ajmal
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Sana M, Ali MH, Irfan H, Talha M. From Bangladesh to Pakistan: Tracking the Regional Surge in Conjunctivitis Cases. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:270-271. [PMID: 38247045 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231226152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mawiya Sana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Haris Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Habib A, Kumari A, Nazir Z, Irfan H, Ali T, Haque MA. Revolutionizing gastric linitis plastica diagnosis: The crucial role of EUS-FNA in a sequential diagnostic approach. Int J Surg 2024:01279778-990000000-01088. [PMID: 38363994 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Habib
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amisha Kumari
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nazir
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tooba Ali
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Public Health, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Voice of Doctors Research School, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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6
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Ahmed A, Irfan H, Islam MA. Unraveling the conjunctivitis crisis: understanding the spiking incidence in Karachi and Lahore-Pakistan. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:920-922. [PMID: 38333251 PMCID: PMC10849422 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Conjunctivitis is a contagious viral ocular disease that has increased highly in the different areas of Pakistan. Public health data confirmed 86 133 cases in September 2023, which crossed previous any other records. It is confirmed that this infection affects people of all ages, including adults and children frequently. Different clinical symptoms such as painful eyes, redness, inflammation, and augmenting tearing are observed. This infection is responsible for blindness. The transmission of ocular secretion spreads this infectious disease from an infected person to others by contact. In addition current year, less precipitation in Pakistan has impaired the air quality. Temperature, humidity, poor sanitation, polluted air, and other environmental factors are also related to the increase of the disease. This short article aims to present an overview of the rising incidence of conjunctivitis, its probable causes, signs, and symptoms, as well as potential treatments. Using saline for flushing eyes or eye drops is recommended by the Ophthalmologist. A few suggestions such as staying at home, avoiding allergens and contact lenses, washing eyes carefully, and using clean clothes need to be followed for this infection. Multiple immediate action steps are required to prevent and control including heightened public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Ahmed
- Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahayan Medical and Dental College (SKZMDC), Lahore, Pakistan
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Irfan H. Air pollution and cardiovascular health in South Asia: A comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102199. [PMID: 37977414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a pressing environmental health concern, with a growing impact on developing nations, particularly in South Asia. Extensive research has linked air pollution to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In South Asia, air pollution is a critical issue, with a high concentration of the world's most polluted cities and widespread exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. WHO reports that outdoor and indoor air pollution together claim 7 million lives annually. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone are prominent culprits. South Asia, with 60 % of its population exposed to hazardous pollution levels, is home to 37 of the world's 40 most polluted cities. PM2.5 concentrations in South Asia often exceed WHO guidelines by up to 20 times. Air pollution in this region, driven by factors such as crop stubble burning, is a leading cause of CVD. Studies in the region have revealed a significant correlation between PM2.5 levels and CVDs, with fine particles originating from sources like industrial emissions and traffic playing a central role in cardiovascular health deterioration. Exposure to PM2.5 leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of conditions such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. In South Asia, the burden of CVDs associated with air pollution is substantial, with millions of premature deaths attributed to outdoor and indoor air pollution. To mitigate this crisis, a multifaceted approach is essential, encompassing public awareness, air quality regulation, cleaner energy sources, and measures to reduce crop stubble burning. Additionally, further research is crucial to understanding the complex relationship between air pollution and CVDs in South Asia, as it offers avenues for prevention and control, potentially saving lives and improving public health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, G855+XRM Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Oduoye MO, Fatima E, Muzammil MA, Dave T, Irfan H, Fariha FNU, Marbell A, Ubechu SC, Scott GY, Elebesunu EE. Impacts of the advancement in artificial intelligence on laboratory medicine in low- and middle-income countries: Challenges and recommendations-A literature review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1794. [PMID: 38186931 PMCID: PMC10766873 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in laboratory medicine, promising significant advancements in healthcare delivery. This study explores the potential impact of AI on diagnostics and patient management within the context of laboratory medicine, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods In writing this article, we conducted a thorough search of databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar within 20 years. The study examines AI's capabilities, including learning, reasoning, and decision-making, mirroring human cognitive processes. It highlights AI's adeptness at processing vast data sets, identifying patterns, and expediting the extraction of actionable insights, particularly in medical imaging interpretation and laboratory test data analysis. The research emphasizes the potential benefits of AI in early disease detection, therapeutic interventions, and personalized treatment strategies. Results In the realm of laboratory medicine, AI demonstrates remarkable precision in interpreting medical images such as radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Its predictive analytical capabilities extend to forecasting patient trajectories and informing personalized treatment strategies using comprehensive data sets comprising clinical outcomes, patient records, and laboratory results. The study underscores the significance of AI in addressing healthcare challenges, especially in resource-constrained LMICs. Conclusion While acknowledging the profound impact of AI on laboratory medicine in LMICs, the study recognizes challenges such as inadequate data availability, digital infrastructure deficiencies, and ethical considerations. Successful implementation necessitates substantial investments in digital infrastructure, the establishment of data-sharing networks, and the formulation of regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including international organizations, governments, and nongovernmental entities, are crucial for overcoming obstacles and responsibly integrating AI into laboratory medicine in LMICs. A comprehensive, coordinated approach is essential for realizing AI's transformative potential and advancing health care in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Services Institute of Medical SciencesLahorePakistan
| | | | - Tirth Dave
- Bukovinian State Medical UniversityChernivtsiUkraine
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental CollegeLahorePakistan
| | | | | | | | - Godfred Yawson Scott
- Department of Medical DiagnosticsKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Irfan H. Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Promising Role of Semaglutide: Insights from the SELECT Trial. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102060. [PMID: 37640171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of death, with preventable risk factors like obesity contributing most to it. Obesity's association with CVD originate from factors like inflammation, insulin resistance, and altered lipid profiles. Obesity also raises the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and sudden cardiac death. Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, initially used for weight loss and diabetes, emerged as a breakthrough in CVD prevention. The SELECT trial assessed semaglutide's impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 17,604 adults with CVD and obesity were given a weekly 2.4 mg dose of semaglutide or placebo. The trial observed a significant 20% reduction in MACE risk for those receiving semaglutide, demonstrating its potential in obesity-associated CVD prevention. This shift marks a transformative approach to obesity management and CVD prevention. However, further research is needed to fully comprehend semaglutide's cardiovascular benefits and potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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10
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Oduoye MO, Haider MU, Marsool MDM, Kareem MO, Adedayo AE, Abdulkarim AS, Adegoke AA, Kaushik I, Irfan H, Yusuf HA, Shah HH, Karim KA. Unlocking the potential of novel RTS, S/AS01, and R21/Matrix-M™ malaria vaccines in African nations. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1797. [PMID: 38186933 PMCID: PMC10766872 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mass malaria vaccination, rather than vaccinating only children below age 5, has been proven to have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among those vaccinated, both young and old. Addressing vaccine scepticism and misinformation is crucial in African nations to build public trust in malaria prevention. Therefore, including a wider range of demographics in vaccine trials is necessary for equitable representation and achieving herd immunity against malaria. Aim This present article aims to identify some of the obstacles that impede malaria vaccination usage and acceptability in African Nations in combating malaria in the region as it continues to pose a significant global public health problem. Methodology A literature search was done on the Malaria vaccine between 2000 and 2023. Past and present articles/studies on this topic were consulted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science using the following keywords; "Malaria," "Vaccines," "African Nations," "Obstacles, Strategies," and "Public Health." Results The recently approved RTS, S/AS01, and R21/Matrix-M™ Malaria vaccines have the potential to prevent numerous deaths and cases of Malaria in Africa. These vaccines Malaria vaccines are cost-effective in African areas with moderate to high plasmodium falciparum and can be delivered through routine immunization. Conclusion To combat malaria effectively in African Nations, African leaders need to set up a comprehensive approach that involves; prevention, healthcare access, implementation research strategies towards adoption and acceptance of malaria vaccines in Africa as well as community engagement with the religious leaders, the market women, community heads, schools, as well as students' union towards the willingness and acceptability of the malaria vaccines among the African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Usman Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital LahoreKing Edward Medical University LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | | - Mayowa Odunayo Kareem
- Department of Internal MedicineBabcock University Teaching HospitalIlishan‐RemoOgun StateNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Ikshwaki Kaushik
- Department of MedicineDavid Tvildiani Medical UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of MedicineShaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Hassan Abdullahi Yusuf
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Health SciencesBayero UniversityKanoKano StateNigeria
| | | | - Karim Arif Karim
- Department of Research and EthicsKamuzu University of Health SciencesBlantyreMalawi
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Irfan H, Ahmed A, Nawani KD. Hypertension and Lorundrostat: Key Discoveries From the TARGET-HTN Trial. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102144. [PMID: 37858848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, characterized by persistent high blood pressure levels, is a major global health concern, contributing significantly to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and overall mortality. It is classified into primary and secondary hypertension, with its prevalence steadily increasing due to ageing populations and unhealthy lifestyle factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a staggering rise in hypertension cases, affecting one in 3 adults worldwide, doubling from 1990 to 2019. A significant development in the field of hypertension treatment is the Target-HTN trial, which investigated the efficacy of lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, in reducing systolic blood pressure. This trial involved 2 cohorts. Cohort 1, comprising patients with suppressed plasma renin activity and elevated serum aldosterone levels, showed promising results. Lorundrostat doses of 100 mg and 50 mg administered once daily led to substantial reductions in systolic blood pressure compared to a placebo group. Cohort 2, although considered exploratory, also exhibited a notable reduction in systolic blood pressure with a 100 mg once-daily dose of lorundrostat. In conclusion, the Target-HTN trial has demonstrated that lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, holds promise as an innovative therapeutic approach for reducing systolic blood pressure, especially in hypertensive patients with suppressed plasma renin activity and elevated serum aldosterone levels. These findings advocate for the initiation of Phase 3 trials to further validate the safety and efficacy of lorundrostat in a larger and more diverse patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Aliza Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Komal Devi Nawani
- Department of Cardiology, United Medical And Dental College, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
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Oduoye MO, Rehman LU, Chinonso Ubechu S, Abdulkareem L, Ramzy Mourid M, Irfan H. Urgent call to action: Supporting Morocco in the aftermath of the recent earthquake. J Glob Health 2023; 13:03065. [PMID: 38115712 PMCID: PMC10731129 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Latif Ur Rehman
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Lawal Abdulkareem
- College of Health Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Irfan H, Ali MH, Talha M. Emergence of Naegleria fowleri Infection in Lahore: Expanding Geographical Range and Implications for Surveillance and Research. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:538-539. [PMID: 37740705 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical And Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Haris Ali
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical And Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical And Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Damarlapally N, Thimmappa V, Irfan H, Sikandari M, Madhu K, Desai A, Pavani P, Zakir S, Gupta M, Khosa MM, Kotak S, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S. Safety and Efficacy of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors vs. Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents in Treating Anemia in Renal Patients (With or Without Dialysis): A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47430. [PMID: 38021836 PMCID: PMC10659060 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) are a novel group of drugs used to treat renal anemia, but their benefits vary among different trials. Our meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of HIF-PHI versus erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in managing anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of their dialysis status. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were queried to discover eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). To quantify the specific effects of HIF-PHI, we estimated pooled mean differences (MDs) and relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs. Our meta-analysis involved 22,151 CKD patients, with 11,234 receiving HIF-PHI and 10,917 receiving ESA from 19 different RCTs. The HIF-PHI used included roxadustat, daprodustat, and vadadustat. HIF-PHI yielded a slight but significant increase in change in mean hemoglobin (Hb) levels (MD: 0.06, 95% CI (0.00, 0.11); p = 0.03), with the maximum significant increase shown in roxadustat followed by daprodustat as compared to ESA. There was a significant decrease in efficacy outcomes such as change in mean iron (MD: -1.54, 95% CI (-3.01, -0.06); p = 0.04), change in mean hepcidin (MD: -21.04, 95% CI (-28.92, -13.17); p < 0.00001), change in mean ferritin (MD: -16.45, 95% CI (-27.17,-5.73); p = 0.03) with roxadustat showing maximum efficacy followed by daprodustat. As for safety, HIF-PHI showed significantly increased incidence in safety outcomes such as diarrhea (MD: 1.3, 95% CI (1.11, 1.51); p = 0.001), adverse events leading to withdrawal (MD: 2.03, 95% CI (1.5, 2.74), p = 0.00001) among 25 various analyzed outcomes. This meta-analysis indicates that HIF-PHIs present a potentially safer and more effective alternative to ESAs, with increased Hb levels and decreased iron usage in CKD patients without significantly increasing adverse events. Therefore, in these patients, we propose HIF-PHI alongside renal anemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamza Irfan
- Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad Sikandari
- Internal Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Krupa Madhu
- Internal Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Aayushi Desai
- Internal Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Peddi Pavani
- General Surgery, Kurnool Medical College, Andhra Pradesh, IND
| | - Syeda Zakir
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Manvi Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Subharti Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Sohny Kotak
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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15
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Irfan H. Violence against healthcare providers in Pakistan: an urgent need for policy reforms and safety measures. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1726. [PMID: 37743242 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haider Irfan
- Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Irfan H, Ezhil Vizhi R. Enhancement of the maximum energy product in Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Fe 12O 19/Y 3Fe 5O 12 nanocomposites synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:404001. [PMID: 32396887 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19/Y3Fe5O12 (BSFO/YIG) nanocomposite ferrite with hard (BSFO) and soft (YIG) magnetic phases, were prepared by the two-step co-precipitation method. The soft magnetic phase was introduced in different weight ratios (x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 1) in the (1-x)Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19/(x)Y3Fe5O12 nanocomposite ferrites. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of nanocomposite ferrites were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and room temperature vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM). The presence of the hard and soft phase have been confirmed without any secondary phase from the XRD analysis, indicating the formation of nanocomposite ferrite. The crystallite size is found to be in the range of 45-55 nm calculated by Scherrer's formula. The HR-TEM revealed hexagonal platelets of BSFO with YIG particles with an average particle size of 90 nm formed at the surface of the (0.9)BSFO/(0.1)YIG nanocomposite. The room temperature magnetic properties of the nanocomposite, such as saturation magnetization (Ms), squareness ratio (Mr/Ms), coercivity (Hc) and nucleation field (Hn) were evaluated by employing VSM. The magnetic measurements have displayed an enhancement in coercivity and magnetization for (0.9)BSFO/(0.1)YIG. Compared with pure BSFO, the optimized (0.9)BSFO/(0.1)YIG nanocomposite showed 57% enhancement in energy product (BH)max, indicating that the nanocomposite possessed excellent exchange coupling. To investigate the exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic phases, dM/dH values were plotted using the demagnetization curves which indicated the effective exchange coupling effect between the hard and soft phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Irfan
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Malik
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Guest Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
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Irfan H. Human chromosomes--normal and abnormal. Curr Med Drugs 1968; 8:3-15. [PMID: 5728656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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