1
|
Recto KA, Huan T, Lee DH, Lee GY, Gereige J, Yao C, Hwang SJ, Joehanes R, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su J, O’Connor G, Levy D. Transcriptome-wide association study of circulating IgE levels identifies novel targets for asthma and allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080071. [PMID: 36793728 PMCID: PMC9922991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration is helpful for diagnosing and treating asthma and allergic diseases. Identifying gene expression signatures associated with IgE might elucidate novel pathways for IgE regulation. To this end, we performed a discovery transcriptome-wide association study to identify differentially expressed genes associated with circulating IgE levels in whole-blood derived RNA from 5,345 participants in the Framingham Heart Study across 17,873 mRNA gene-level transcripts. We identified 216 significant transcripts at a false discovery rate <0.05. We conducted replication using the meta-analysis of two independent external studies: the Childhood Asthma Management Program (n=610) and the Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (n=326); we then reversed the discovery and replication cohorts, which revealed 59 significant genes that replicated in both directions. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of these genes were implicated in immune function pathways, including defense response, inflammatory response, and cytokine production. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed four genes (CLC, CCDC21, S100A13, and GCNT1) as putatively causal (p<0.05) regulators of IgE levels. GCNT1 (beta=1.5, p=0.01)-which is a top result in the MR analysis of expression in relation to asthma and allergic diseases-plays a role in regulating T helper type 1 cell homing, lymphocyte trafficking, and B cell differentiation. Our findings build upon prior knowledge of IgE regulation and provide a deeper understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. The IgE-associated genes that we identified-particularly those implicated in MR analysis-can be explored as promising therapeutic targets for asthma and IgE-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Recto
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Dong Heon Lee
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Gha Young Lee
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Gereige
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen Yao
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George O’Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potaczek DP, Trąd G, Sanak M, Garn H, Mastalerz L. Local and Systemic Production of Pro-Inflammatory Eicosanoids Is Inversely Related to Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:447. [PMID: 35330446 PMCID: PMC8955638 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by overproduction of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Although immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization to aeroallergens is common among AERD patients, it does not belong to the defining disease characteristics. In this study of 133 AERD patients, we sought to find a relationship between sensitization to aeroallergens and local (leukotriene E4, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2) and/or systemic (leukotriene E4) production of arachidonic acid metabolites. Interestingly, a negative association between pro-inflammatory eicosanoid levels in induced sputum supernatant or urine and sensitization to aeroallergens was observed. This inverse relationship might suggest the presence of a protective effect of atopic sensitization to aeroallergens against stronger local airway inflammation and higher systemic AERD-related inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.P.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Gabriela Trąd
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Sanak
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.P.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Lucyna Mastalerz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.T.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim SH, Lee J, Oh I, Oh Y, Sim CS, Bang JH, Park J, Kim Y. Allergic rhinitis is associated with atmospheric SO2: Follow-up study of children from elementary schools in Ulsan, Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248624. [PMID: 33735252 PMCID: PMC7971526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association of allergic rhinitis with air pollutant concentrations using the follow-up data of elementary school children in Ulsan, Korea. METHODS All students of four elementary schools in Ulsan, South Korea were surveyed at two-year intervals. The survey used data collected five times, over a nine-year period from June 2009 to April 2018. The questionnaire used in the survey was a modified version of the ISAAC (International society of asthma and allergy of children) questionnaire. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed with 24 standard antigens. To estimate the levels of exposure to outdoor air pollution, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) were used. As a dependent variable, a history of allergic rhinitis diagnosed by a doctor during the last 1-year was considered. Logistic regression analysis was used to select variables suitable for the statistical model. The selected variables were then used to assess their association with the dependent variable using the generalized estimation equation. RESULTS Among environmental factors, SO2 was associated with a high risk and PM10 was associated with a low risk of allergic rhinitis. The risk of allergic rhinitis from living in a house built within the last year was high, and the risk from living in a multi-family house or apartment was higher than that from living in a segregated house. History of allergic diseases in the family was a high-risk factor for allergic rhinitis. There was a relationship between a history of bronchiolitis at less than 2 years of age and a high risk of allergic rhinitis. Boys were at a higher risk than girls. CONCLUSION From the follow-up data of elementary school students in Ulsan, Korea, the concentration of SO2, which is an indicator of the degree of industrialization, was related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Among all the risk factors, history of allergic disease in the parents was the most important factor, and the study reconfirmed the results of the previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hwan Kim
- POSCO Health Center, POSCO, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inbo Oh
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsuh Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sun Sim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Bang
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsun Park
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amaruddin AI, Wahyuni S, Hamid F, Chalid MT, Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E. BCG scar, socioeconomic and nutritional status: a study of newborns in urban area of Makassar, Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:736-746. [PMID: 30884012 PMCID: PMC6849812 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate factors that determine the response to Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination in urban environments with respect to socioeconomic status (SES), prenatal exposure to infections or newborn's nutritional status. Methods The study was conducted in an urban area, in Makassar, Indonesia. At baseline, 100 mother and newborns pair from high and low SES communities were included. Intestinal protozoa, soil transmitted helminths, total IgE, anti‐Hepatitis A Virus IgG and anti‐Toxoplasma IgG were measured to determine exposure to infections. Information on gestational age, birth weight/height and delivery status were collected. Weight‐for‐length z‐score, a proxy for newborns adiposity, was calculated. Leptin and adiponectin from cord sera were also measured. At 10 months of age, BCG scar size was measured from 59 infants. Statistical modelling was performed using multiple linear regression. Results Both SES and birth nutritional status shape the response towards BCG vaccination at 10 months of age. Infants born to low SES families have smaller BCG scar size compared to infants born from high SES families and total IgE contributed to the reduced scar size. On the other hand, infants born with better nutritional status were found to have bigger BCG scar size but this association was abolished by leptin levels at birth. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the importance of SES and leptin levels at birth on the development of BCG scar in 10 months old infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldian Irma Amaruddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sitti Wahyuni
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Firdaus Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Maisuri T Chalid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park BW, Park JY, Cho EB, Park EJ, Kim KH, Kim KJ. Increasing Prevalence of the Sensitization to Cat/Dog Allergens in Korea. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:662-667. [PMID: 33911505 PMCID: PMC7992440 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.6.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the number of domestic pets has increased. As a consequence, sensitization to animal allergens, such as cat or dog allergens, has become a problem. Objective We studied the annual trends of sensitization to cats or dogs, and the characteristics of the patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 7,469 patients who visited a dermatology clinic and underwent an allergic profile test, from January 2011 to December 2015. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to cat or dog antibody greater than 3.50 IU/ml were regarded as positive results. Results In all, 274 patients showed significant increase in levels of specific IgE antibody to dog, and 307 revealed increase in levels of of specific IgE antibody to cat. The prevalence of these specific IgEs increased from 2011 to 2015. Independent risks for sensitization to cat allergens were sensitization to dog, but not to house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Independent risks for sensitization to dog allergens were sensitization to cat, but not to house dust, D. pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Total IgE level was not related to specific IgE level against either cats or dogs. Conclusion In conclusion, the prevalence of sensitization to cat or dog has increased. Sensitization to cat or dog is related to each other, but is irrelevant to the total IgE level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bok Won Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jun Yeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Byul Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Joong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nejad AS, MacGlashan DW. Dependence of Optimal Histamine Release on Cell Surface IgE Density on Human Basophils: Nature of the Stimulus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:181-191. [PMID: 30149387 DOI: 10.1159/000490152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of the aggregation reaction that follows allergen binding to cell surface IgE on basophils and mast cells depend on a variety of factors that include the density of IgE and the affinity of the allergen for IgE. For simple bivalent stimuli, one prediction is that the location of the optimum for aggregation is not dependent on IgE density, only the affinity for IgE. However, this behavior does not occur for stimulation with an anti-IgE antibody (Ab) during the treatment of patients with omalizumab. METHODS This study re-examined the stability of the optimum for histamine release, relative to cell surface IgE density, using the simple bivalent penicillin hapten (BPO2) or a bivalent monoclonal anti-IgE Ab. RESULTS The results validated one prediction for one bivalent hapten, BPO2. Across a range of BPO-specific IgE density of 270-23,500/cell, optimal histamine release remained constant (10 nM BPO2). In contrast, across a range of approximately 6,000-110,000/cell, optimal histamine release shifted 8- to 30-fold for anti-IgE Ab. The distinguishing characteristic between the 2 bivalent stimuli was the difference in their crosslink re-equilibration. Recent modeling of histamine release suggested that the SYK-to-receptor ratio could determine the position of histamine release optimum. The study showed that there were significant shifts in the SYK-to-receptor ratio (from 1: 6 to 5: 1) but the basophil's ability to sense this ratio was restricted to transient crosslinks, as occurred with anti-IgE Ab. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ligand crosslinking dynamics couple with SYK and receptor expression levels to determine qualitative characteristics of the dose response curve for secretion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Patelis A, Alving K, Middelveld R, James A, Ono J, Ohta S, Izuhara K, Borres MP, Forsberg B, Janson C, Malinovschi A. IgE sensitization to food allergens and airborne allergens in relation to biomarkers of type 2 inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1147-1154. [PMID: 29746003 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently reported that sensitization to food allergens and sensitization to airborne allergens had independent associations with increased fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils in middle-aged adults and in young subjects with asthma. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between IgE sensitization and several type 2 inflammation biomarkers in adult asthmatics. METHODS FeNO, urinary eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (U-EDN), serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) and periostin were measured in 396 asthmatics, aged 17-76 years, from the Swedish GA2LEN study. Sensitization to airborne allergens was examined with skin prick tests (≥3 mm wheal) and sensitization to food allergens with measurement of specific IgE (≥0.35 kU/L). RESULTS Asthmatics sensitized to food allergens had higher FeNO, 22.3 ppb (18.6, 26.7) vs 16.1 ppb (14.2, 18.2) (P = .005), S-ECP, 17.7 mg/L (14.8, 21.1) vs 12.8 mg/L (10.9, 14.9) (P = .01), and periostin, 73.7 (67.5, 80.3) ng/mL vs 59.9 (55.8, 64.2) ng/mL (P = .003), than non-sensitized subjects. Periostin levels in this group were also significantly higher than in the group sensitized only to airborne allergens (P = .01). Sensitization to food allergens related independently to FeNO (P = .02), S-ECP (P = .006) and periostin (P = .004), whereas sensitization only to airborne allergens related only to FeNO (P = .02) after adjustments for age, sex, height, weight and smoking history. FeNO correlated weakly with S-ECP (r = .17, P < .001), periostin (r = .19, P < .001) and U-EDN (0.16, P < .001). S-ECP also correlated weakly with U-EDN (r = .12, P = .02). None of the correlations between the remaining pairs of markers of type 2 inflammation were significant. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sensitization to food allergens related to several local and systemic type 2 inflammation markers, such as FeNO, S-ECP and periostin. Assessing the profile of allergic sensitization, including to food allergens, might improve the understanding and interpretation of inflammatory markers and potentially improve asthma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Patelis
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Alving
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Middelveld
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A James
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, National Institute of Enviromental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Ono
- Shino-Test Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Ohta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - K Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - M P Borres
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsolakis N, Malinovschi A, Nordvall L, Mattsson L, Lidholm J, Pedroletti C, Janson C, Borres MP, Alving K. Sensitization to minor cat allergen components is associated with type-2 biomarkers in young asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1186-1194. [PMID: 29575179 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cat allergy is a major trigger of asthma world-wide. Molecular patterns of cat sensitization vary between individuals, but their relationship to inflammation in asthmatics has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and levels of IgE antibodies against different cat allergen components and their relationship to type-2 inflammation and total IgE among young asthmatic subjects sensitized to furry animals. METHODS Patients with asthma (age 10-35 years; n = 266) and IgE sensitization to cat, dog or horse extract (ImmunoCAP), were analysed for IgE to the cat allergen components Fel d 1 (secretoglobin), Fel d 2 (serum albumin), Fel d 4 and Fel d 7 (lipocalins). Independent associations between IgE-antibody concentrations, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophil (B-Eos) count, and total IgE were analysed by multiple linear regression after adjustment for possible confounders. RESULTS The level of IgE against Fel d 2 was independently related to FeNO (P = .012) and total IgE (P < .001), and IgE against Fel d 4 associated with Β-Eos count (P = .009) and total IgE (P < .001). IgE antibodies against Fel d 1 or cat extract did not independently relate to these inflammatory markers (P = .23-.51). CONCLUSIONS Levels of IgE to lipocalin (Fel d 4) and serum albumin (Fel d 2), but not to secretoglobin (Fel d 1) or cat extract, were independently associated with type-2 biomarkers and total IgE in young asthmatics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We suggest that measurement of IgE to minor cat allergen components may be useful when investigating asthma morbidity in cat allergic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Tsolakis
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Malinovschi
- Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Nordvall
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Mattsson
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Pedroletti
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Janson
- Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M P Borres
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Alving
- Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi BG, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. Total serum immunoglobulin E level and specific allergens in adults with skin diseases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:148-152. [PMID: 29376509 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_27_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in allergic diseases. Although several studies have shown the association of serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels with allergic dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis, there are few studies addressing this association for skin diseases in general. Aims We sought to evaluate IgE levels in skin diseases and investigate the differences based on the disease type and clinical factors such as gender and age. Methods Data from 2836 patients who visited the dermatologic clinic of the Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea for 4 years were reviewed to document IgE levels and clinical information. IgE levels were collated with the type of skin disease, gender, and age. Results Patients with atopic dermatitis had a much higher total IgE level and were more susceptible to allergens as compared to other disease groups. Patients in other disease groups showed no significant differences in IgE levels. Men showed higher total IgE levels but the gender differences decreased with increasing age. Limitations The data were collected from patients at a referral centre and thus may not represent the general population of dermatologic patients. There was a lack of information regarding factors that could potentially influence IgE levels such as smoking history and disease severity. Conclusions The results suggest that there are physiological or environmental differences in IgE-mediated immune responses between males and females. Also, except for atopic dermatitis, there were no clinical differences in the IgE levels among various skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Gon Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Choe
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Min HJ, Choe JW, Chang MY, Kim KS, Lee SY, Mun SK. The expression and correlation of Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 in serous middle ear effusion fluids of pediatric patients-a preliminary study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 101:145-149. [PMID: 28964286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several cytokines and innate immune-associated molecules are present in middle ear effusions, but damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in middle ear effusion have not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME). METHODS Serous middle ear effusions from 22 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with OME and underwent ventilation tube insertion from June 2015 to March 2017 were evaluated in our study. The levels of Hsp 90, 70, 27, IL-8, and TNF-α in effusion fluids were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The associations between the levels of these molecules and the degree of tympanic membrane inflammation were statistically evaluated. Finally, the relationships among these molecules were also evaluated. RESULTS Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 were detected in all middle ear effusions, but Hsp 90 was detected in only five effusion fluid samples. IL-8 was also detected in all middle ear effusions, but TNF-α was detected in only four effusion fluid samples. When we compared the degree of tympanic membrane inflammation with the levels of Hsp 70, Hsp 27, and IL-8, which were detected in all effusion fluids, we could not find statistical significance. However, Hsp 70, Hsp 27, and IL-8 were significantly associated with each other (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 were expressed in middle ear effusions. Furthermore, the levels of Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 were positively correlated with each other, and were also positively associated with the neutrophil chemoattractant, IL-8. Our findings suggested that Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 might be involved in the pathophysiology of pediatric OME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Ma
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahn JY, Choi BS. Clinical characteristics of total IgE in pediatric allergic disease. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2017.5.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Seok Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perzanowski MS, Ronmark E, James HR, Hedman L, Schuyler AJ, Bjerg A, Lundback B, Platts-Mills TAE. Relevance of specific IgE antibody titer to the prevalence, severity, and persistence of asthma among 19-year-olds in northern Sweden. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1582-1590. [PMID: 27430609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sensitization to indoor allergens is strongly associated with asthma, there are questions as to how this relates to asthma symptoms. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the relevance of IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens in an area in which (1) the climate discourages cockroach, fungal, and mite growth and (2) dander allergens are known to be present in schools and houses without animals. METHODS IgE to 8 allergens was tested in 963 sera from a population-based study on 19-year-olds, and associations with asthma symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment were examined. In positive sera IgE to specific cat and dog allergens was also assayed. RESULTS IgE specific for animal dander had the highest prevalence and strongest relationship to asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, asthma severity, as judged by the frequency of symptoms and use of treatment, was directly associated with the titer of IgE antibodies to animal dander. Among the 103 subjects who had current asthma at age 19 years, 50 had asthma before age 12 years. Among those 50, the odds ratios for asthma related to any IgE antibodies to animal dander or high-titer IgE antibodies (≥17.5 IU/mL) were 9.2 (95% CI, 4.9-17) and 13 (95% CI, 6.9-25), respectively. In multivariable analysis IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 and Can f 5 were each associated with current asthma. CONCLUSION High-titer IgE antibodies to cat and dog allergens were strongly associated with the diagnosis, severity, and persistence of asthma; however, a large proportion of patients with current asthma did not live in a house with a cat or dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Ronmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, OLIN Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Hayley R James
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, OLIN Unit, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bjerg
- Department of Medicine/Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundback
- Department of Medicine/Krefting Research Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Platts-Mills TAE, Schuyler AJ, Erwin EA, Commins SP, Woodfolk JA. IgE in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1662-1670. [PMID: 27264001 PMCID: PMC5406226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the concept of allergy implied an abnormal response to an otherwise benign agent (eg, pollen or food), with an easily identifiable relationship between exposure and disease. However, there are syndromes in which the relationship between exposure to the relevant allergen and the "allergic" disease is not clear. In these cases the presence of specific IgE antibodies can play an important role in identifying the relevant allergen and provide a guide to therapy. Good examples include chronic asthma and exposure to perennial indoor allergens and asthma related to fungal infection. Finally, we are increasingly aware of forms of food allergy in which the relationship between exposure and the disease is delayed by 3 to 6 hours or longer. Three forms of food allergy with distinct clinical features are now well recognized. These are (1) anaphylactic sensitivity to peanut, (2) eosinophilic esophagitis related to cow's milk, and (3) delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. In these syndromes the immunology of the response is dramatically different. Peanut and galactose α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) are characterized by high- or very high-titer IgE antibodies for Ara h 2 and alpha-gal, respectively. By contrast, eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by low levels of IgE specific for milk proteins with high- or very high-titer IgG4 to the same proteins. The recent finding is that patients with alpha-gal syndrome do not have detectable IgG4 to the oligosaccharide. Thus the serum results not only identify relevant antigens but also provide a guide to the nature of the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth A Erwin
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Scott P Commins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- University of Virginia, Asthma and Allergy Disease Center, Charlottesville, Va
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luzar J, Molek P, Šilar M, Korošec P, Košnik M, Štrukelj B, Lunder M. Identification and characterization of major cat allergen Fel d 1 mimotopes on filamentous phage carriers. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:176-183. [PMID: 26908079 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cat allergy is one of the most prevalent allergies worldwide and can lead to the development of rhinitis and asthma. Thus far, only allergen extracts from natural sources have been used for allergen-specific immunotherapy. However, extracts and whole allergens in immunotherapy present an anaphylaxis risk. Identification of allergen epitopes or mimotopes has an important role in development of safe and effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. Moreover, with a suitable immunogenic carrier, the absence of sufficient immune response elicited by short peptides could be surmounted. In this study, we identified five structural mimotopes of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 by immunoscreening with random peptide phage libraries. The mimotopes were computationally mapped to the allergen surface, and their IgE reactivity was confirmed using sera from cat-allergic patients. Importantly, the mimotopes showed no basophil activation of the corresponding cat-allergic patients, which makes them good candidates for the development of hypoallergenic vaccine. As bacteriophage particles are becoming increasingly recognized as immunogenic carriers, we constructed bacteriophage particles displaying multiple copies of each selected mimotope on major phage coat protein. These constructed phages elicited T cell-mediated immune response, which was predominated by the type 1 T cell response. Mimotopes alone contributed to the type 1 T cell response by promoting IL-2 production. Fel d 1 mimotopes, as well as their filamentous phage immunogenic carriers, represent promising candidates in the development of hypoallergenic vaccine against cat allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Luzar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Molek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mira Šilar
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Košnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | | | - Mojca Lunder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Platts-Mills TAE. The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:3-13. [PMID: 26145982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Before the first description of hay fever in 1870, there was very little awareness of allergic disease, which is actually similar to the situation in prehygiene villages in Africa today. The best explanation for the appearance and subsequent increase in hay fever at that time is the combination of hygiene and increased pollen secondary to changes in agriculture. However, it is important to remember that the major changes in hygiene in Northern Europe and the United States were complete by 1920. Asthma in children did not start to increase until 1960, but by 1990, it had clearly increased to epidemic numbers in all countries where children had adopted an indoor lifestyle. There are many features of the move indoors that could have played a role; these include increased sensitization to indoor allergens, diet, and decreased physical activity, as well as the effects of prolonged periods of shallow breathing. Since 1990, there has been a remarkable increase in food allergy, which has now reached epidemic numbers. Peanut has played a major role in the food epidemic, and there is increasing evidence that sensitization to peanut can occur through the skin. This suggests the possibility that changes in lifestyle in the last 20 years could have influenced the permeability of the skin. Overall, the important conclusion is that sequential changes in lifestyle have led to increases in different forms of allergic disease. Equally, it is clear that the consequences of hygiene, indoor entertainment, and changes in diet or physical activity have never been predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Woodfolk JA, Commins SP, Schuyler AJ, Erwin EA, Platts-Mills TAE. Allergens, sources, particles, and molecules: Why do we make IgE responses? Allergol Int 2015; 64:295-303. [PMID: 26433525 PMCID: PMC5406225 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens are foreign proteins or glycoproteins that are the target of IgE antibody responses in humans. The relationship between subsequent exposure and the allergic symptoms is often or usually obvious; however, there is increasing evidence that in asthma, atopic dermatitis and some forms of food allergy the induction of symptoms is delayed or chronic. The primary exposure to inhaled allergens is to the particles, which are capable of carrying allergens in the air. Thus, the response reflects not only the properties of the proteins, but also the biological properties of the other constituents of the particle. This is best understood in relation to the mite fecal particles in which the contents include many different immunologically active substances. Allergic disease first became a major problem over 100 years ago, and for many years sensitization to pollens was the dominant form of these diseases. The rise in pediatric asthma correlates best with the move of children indoors, which started in 1960 and was primarily driven by indoor entertainment for children. While the causes of the increase are not simple they include both a major increase in sensitization to indoor allergens and the complex consequences of inactivity. Most recently, there has also been an increase in food allergy. Understanding this has required a reappraisal of the importance of the skin as a route for sensitization. Overall, understanding allergic diseases requires knowing about the sources, the particles and the routes of exposure as well as the properties of the individual allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Woodfolk
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott P Commins
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander J Schuyler
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Erwin
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Steinke JW, Platts-Mills TAE, Commins SP. The alpha-gal story: lessons learned from connecting the dots. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:589-96; quiz 597. [PMID: 25747720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be rapidly progressing and fatal, and therefore establishing its cause is pivotal to long-term risk management. Our recent work has identified a novel IgE antibody response to a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). IgE to alpha-gal has been associated with 2 distinct forms of anaphylaxis: (1) immediate-onset anaphylaxis during first exposure to intravenous cetuximab and (2) delayed-onset anaphylaxis 3 to 6 hours after ingestion of mammalian food products (eg, beef and pork). Results of our studies and those of others strongly suggest that tick bites are a cause, if not the only significant cause, of IgE antibody responses to alpha-gal in the southern, eastern, and central United States; Europe; Australia; and parts of Asia. Typical immune responses to carbohydrates are considered to be T-cell independent, whereas IgE antibody production is thought to involve sequential class-switching that requires input from T cells. Therefore, establishing the mechanism of the specific IgE antibody response to alpha-gal will be an important aspect to address as this area of research continues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Steinke
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va.
| | - Scott P Commins
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee YK, Yang S, Park J, Kim H, Hahn YS. House dust mite-specific immunoglobulin E and longitudinal exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children with atopic asthma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 58:89-95. [PMID: 25861331 PMCID: PMC4388976 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.3.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose House dust mite (HDM) has been suggested to be the most important aeroallergen responsible for atopic asthma in Korea. We aimed to investigate that specific IgE antibodies to HDM and other common indoor aeroallergens contribute differently to total serum IgE and show different relationships with longitudinal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements in Korean atopic asthmatic patients. Methods A total of 193 children aged 8 to 16 years with intermittent or mild persistent atopic asthma were recruited. Sera were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to HDM and other common indoor allergens. FeNO was serially measured 10 times or more over 2 years when subjects were not receiving controller medications. Results In 152 children who completed the study, IgE antibodies to specific HDM were more prevalent than those to other common indoor aeroallergens. In addition, IgE antibody titers to HDM were the strongest contributor to total IgE increases. Furthermore, only HDM-specific IgE antibody titer significantly correlated with maximum FeNO (r=0.21, P=0.029) and the rate of FeNO higher than 21 parts per billion (ppb) (r=0.30, P=0.002). Eight patients (5%) were found to have maximum FeNO of 21 ppb or less, suggesting the presence of a low FeNO phenotype among atopic asthmatic patients. Conclusion The quantity of HDM-specific IgE antibody provides a possible explanation for increases of total IgE and significantly correlates with the amount and frequency of FeNO increases in Korean atopic asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sohyoung Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pollutions à l’intérieur des espaces clos : sources, niveaux et impact sanitaire. Volet 1 : contaminants biologiques. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Wisniewski JA, Agrawal R, Minnicozzi S, Xin W, Patrie J, Heymann PW, Workman L, Platts-Mills TA, Song TW, Moloney M, Woodfolk JA. Sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in relation to age and wheeze among children with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1160-70. [PMID: 24074334 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in children; however, persistence of AD with or without asthma is less common. Longitudinal studies remain limited in their ability to characterize how IgE antibody responses evolve in AD, and their relationship with asthma. OBJECTIVE To use a cross-sectional study design of children with active AD to analyse age-related differences in IgE antibodies and relation to wheeze. METHODS IgE antibodies to food and inhalant allergens were measured in children with active AD (5 months to 15 years of age, n = 66), with and without history of wheeze. RESULTS Whereas IgE antibodies to foods persisted at a similar prevalence and titre throughout childhood, IgE antibodies to all aeroallergens rose sharply into adolescence. From birth, the chance of sensitization for any aeroallergen increased for each 12-month increment in age (OR ≥ 1.21, P < 0.01), with the largest effect observed for dust mite (OR = 1.56, P < 0.001). A steeper age-related rise in IgE antibody titre to dust mite, but no other allergen was associated with more severe disease. Despite this, sensitization to cat was more strongly associated with wheeze (OR = 4.5, P < 0.01), and linked to Fel d 1 and Fel d 4, but not Fel d 2. Comparison of cat allergic children with AD to those without, revealed higher IgE levels to Fel d 2 and Fel d 4 (P < 0.05), but not Fel d 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in sensitization to cat and dust mite among young children with AD may aid in identifying those at increased risk for disease progression and development of asthma. Early sensitization to cat and risk for wheeze among children with AD may be linked to an increased risk for sensitization to a broader spectrum of allergen components from early life. Collectively, our findings argue for early intervention strategies designed to mitigate skin inflammation in children with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Wisniewski
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patelis A, Janson C, Borres MP, Nordvall L, Alving K, Malinovschi A. Aeroallergen and food IgE sensitization and local and systemic inflammation in asthma. Allergy 2014; 69:380-7. [PMID: 24397423 DOI: 10.1111/all.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported an independent association between IgE sensitization to food allergens and increased airway inflammation, assessed by fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), in a population-based study (J Allergy Clin Immunol, 130, 2012, 397). Similar studies have not been performed in populations with asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the allergic sensitization profile in asthmatics and examine FeNO, airway responsiveness and blood eosinophilia in relation to type and degree of IgE sensitization. METHOD FeNO, airway responsiveness, blood eosinophil count (B-Eos) and IgE sensitization to food allergens and aeroallergens were determined in 408 subjects with asthma, aged 10-34 years. RESULTS Asthmatics had higher prevalence of IgE sensitization against all allergens than controls (P < 0.001). Mite, pollen, furry animal, mould and food sensitizations were each associated with increased FeNO, airway responsiveness and B-Eos in asthmatics. IgE sensitization to mould, furry animals and food allergens was independently related to FeNO (all P < 0.05) after adjustment for age, sex, height, smoking history and medication. IgE sensitization to mould (P < 0.001) and furry animals (P = 0.02) was related to airway responsiveness in a similar model. Finally, IgE sensitization to mould (P = 0.001), furry animals (P < 0.001) and food allergens (P < 0.001) was independently related to B-Eos. CONCLUSION Independent effects of IgE sensitization to aeroallergens (furry animals and mould) and food allergens were found on both local and systemic markers of inflammation in asthma. The finding regarding food IgE sensitization is novel, and a clinical implication might be that even food sensitization must be assessed to fully understand inflammation patterns in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Patelis
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine & Allergology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - C. Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine & Allergology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. P. Borres
- Immunodiagnostics; Thermo Fischer Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Nordvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Alving
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hales BJ, Chai LY, Hazell L, Elliot CE, Stone S, O'Neil SE, Smith WA, Thomas WR. IgE and IgG binding patterns and T-cell recognition of Fel d 1 and non-Fel d 1 cat allergens. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2013; 1:656-65.e1-5. [PMID: 24565714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cat allergy affects approximately 15% of the population and is a major risk factor for asthma. The relative importance of cat allergens other than Fel d 1 is not known. OBJECTIVE To compare IgE and IgG antibody binding and T-cell recognition of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 with other cat proteins with known IgE binding properties. METHODS IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 antibody to Fel d 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and the undesignated IgE binding proteins haptoglobin and S100A12 were measured in the plasma of 96 individuals with cat allergy and 78 individuals without cat allergy. Cytokines were measured from T cells stimulated with the cat allergens. RESULTS An allergen other than Fel d 1 had the highest IgE binding specificity for 35% of individuals with cat allergy, and it bound more than 50% of their IgE antibody in 70% of these sera. Fel d 4, 7, and 8 were identified as the main contributors to the non-Fel d 1 IgE binding response and elicited inflammatory Th2 cytokines to a similar degree as Fel d 1. As expected, the average percentage of IgE binding to Fel d 1 for individuals was 55%. IgG4 binding to Fel d 1 was detected in both subjects with allergy (30%) and subjects without allergy (19%). IgG4 binding to the other allergens was less prevalent but was found for both groups. IgG1 antibody was not detected to any of the newly described cat proteins. CONCLUSION Fel d 4, 7, and 8 are allergens that should be included in the diagnosis and investigation of cat allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Hales
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia.
| | - Lee Ying Chai
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Lee Hazell
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Claire E Elliot
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Shane Stone
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Serena E O'Neil
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Wendy-Anne Smith
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| | - Wayne R Thomas
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco Wa, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gusareva ES, Kurey I, Grekov I, Lipoldová M. Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin E level in different pathological states: integration of mouse and human genetics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:375-405. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Gusareva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Igor Grekov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague 4 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Basophil activation testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:777-87. [PMID: 23958648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both the treatment of patients with allergic diseases and the study of allergic disease mechanisms depend on a wide variety of assays that in various ways assess the presence and function of IgE antibody. The study of allergic diseases could benefit from the study of its 2 principle cellular participants, mast cells and basophils, but the basophil is more accessible than mast cells for ex vivo studies. Its functionality is tested by using 2 predominant methodologies: the secretion of mediators of allergic inflammation and the expression of proteins on the plasma membrane after stimulation. Each approach has benefits. There are also many operational details to consider regardless of which general approach is taken, and proper interpretation of the methods requires a good understanding of the reagents used and the receptors expressed on basophils and a detailed understanding of the factors regulating aggregation of cell-surface IgE.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim HY, Shin YH, Yum HY, Jee HM, Jang SJ, Yoon JW, Han MY. Patterns of sensitisation to common food and inhalant allergens and allergic symptoms in pre-school children. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:272-7. [PMID: 23510211 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sensitisation to allergens and allergy symptoms depends on age, but this relationship is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of age on allergen sensitisation and allergy symptoms in pre-school children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 629 Korean children (age 3 to 6 years). Current allergic symptoms were assessed by the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire that was adapted for pre-school children. Sensitisation to five airborne and three food allergens was evaluated by a skin prick test. χ(2) test was used to analyse differences in age trend. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for allergic disease. RESULTS As age increased, the prevalence of current rhinitis (P < 0.001), the sensitisation to pollen allergens (P < 0.001) and polysensitised children (P = 0.002) increased, but the prevalence of current asthma (P = 0.010) and the sensitisation to food allergens (P = 0.009) decreased. There was no effect of age on the prevalence of current eczema (P = 0.685), monosensitised children (P = 0.282) and atopy (P = 0.160). The agreement between sensitisation to dust mites and atopy increased with age, and was 93% at age 6 years (P = 0.05). The polysensitisation (aOR = 3.0 (95% CI, 1.4-5.0), P < 0.005) and the presence of eczema in the first 2 years of life (aOR = 4.1 (95% CI, 2.2-7.6), P < 0.001) were significant independent risk factors for current rhinoconjunctivitis. CONCLUSION The type and number of allergen sensitisations and allergic symptoms changed from age 3 to 6 years. Careful follow-up of changes in sensitisation patterns may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the allergic march.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Yun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang JeSaeng General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suh DI, Koh YY. Relationship between atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:181-8. [PMID: 23814670 PMCID: PMC3695231 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) are characteristic features of asthma. They are also found among non-asthmatic subjects, including allergic rhinitis patients and the general population. Atopy and BHR in asthma are closely related. Atopy induces airway inflammation as an IgE response to a specific allergen, which causes or amplifies BHR. Moreover, significant evidence of the close relationship between atopy and BHR has been found in non-asthmatic subjects. In this article, we discuss the relationship between atopy and BHR in the general population, asthmatic subjects, and those with allergic rhinitis. This should widen our understanding of the pathophysiology of atopy and BHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Potaczek DP, Kabesch M. Current concepts of IgE regulation and impact of genetic determinants. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:852-71. [PMID: 22909159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated immune responses seem to be directed against parasites and neoplasms, but are best known for their involvement in allergies. The IgE network is tightly controlled at different levels as outlined in this review. Genetic determinants were suspected to influence IgE regulation and IgE levels considerably for many years. Linkage and candidate gene studies suggested a number of loci and genes to correlate with total serum IgE levels, and recently genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided the power to identify genetic determinants for total serum IgE levels: 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50, IL13, IL4), 12q13 (STAT6), 6p21.3 (HLA-DRB1) and 16p12 (IL4R, IL21R). In this review, we analyse the potential role of these GWAS hits in the IgE network and suggest mechanisms of how genes and genetic variants in these loci may influence IgE regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Potaczek
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Agreement of specific IgE and skin prick test in an unselected cohort of two-year-old children. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171:479-84. [PMID: 21960289 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-011-1580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the possible association between total IgE concentration and allergy-related disorders, when performed in an unselected cohort of 353 two-year olds. Median total IgE was within the reference value for two-year-old children regardless of the presence or absence of allergy-related disorders. 18.7% of the children had one or more positive reactions to SPT and/or sIgE in a panel of 12 allergens. Agreement between SPT and sIgE was variable, being best for peanut and poorest for milk. CONCLUSION In young children total IgE is of limited value when evaluating allergy-related disorder. The lack of agreement among the positive tests of the sIgE and SPT for some allergens imply that these tests should not be used interchangeably, and both tests should probably be used complementarily when diagnosing atopic sensitization in small children.
Collapse
|
30
|
Commins SP, Kelly LA, Rönmark E, James HR, Pochan SL, Peters EJ, Lundbäck B, Nganga LW, Cooper PJ, Hoskins JM, Eapen SS, Matos LA, McBride DC, Heymann PW, Woodfolk JA, Perzanowski MS, Platts-Mills TAE. Galactose-α-1,3-galactose-specific IgE is associated with anaphylaxis but not asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:723-30. [PMID: 22281828 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201111-2017oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE IgE antibodies to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) are common in the southeastern United States. These antibodies, which are induced by ectoparasitic ticks, can give rise to positive skin tests or serum assays with cat extract. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between IgE antibodies to α-gal and asthma, and compare this with the relationship between asthma and IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 and other protein allergens. METHODS Patients being investigated for recurrent anaphylaxis, angioedema, or acute urticaria underwent spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, questionnaires, and serum IgE antibody assays. The results were compared with control subjects and cohorts from the emergency department in Virginia (n = 130), northern Sweden (n = 963), and rural Kenya (n = 131). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients in Virginia with high-titer IgE antibodies to α-gal had normal lung function, low levels of exhaled nitric oxide, and low prevalence of asthma symptoms. Among patients in the emergency department and children in Kenya, there was no association between IgE antibodies to α-gal and asthma (odds ratios, 1.04 and 0.75, respectively). In Sweden, IgE antibodies to cat were closely correlated with IgE antibodies to Fel d 1 (r = 0.83) and to asthma (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results provide a model of an ectoparasite-induced specific IgE response that can increase total serum IgE without creating a risk for asthma, and further evidence that the main allergens that are causally related to asthma are those that are inhaled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Commins
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective is to discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of the indoor environment in asthma, focusing on the special role of cat allergens. RECENT FINDINGS Sensitization to Fel d 1 is the dominant event in inhalant responses to cat; however, there are also IgE responses to the lipocalin (Fel d 4), to cat albumin (Fel d 2), and to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) on cat IgA (Fel d 5w) and other molecules. The dose response and routes of sensitization for these allergens are now thought to be diverse. It is important to remember that exposure outside a house with a cat is sufficient to cause sensitization. Furthermore, the only solid evidence about a role in asthma relates to Fel d 1. Recently, it has been shown that tolerance associated with early exposure to cats can persist to age 18 and that IgE to alpha-gal (on cat IgA) is not related to asthma. In addition, a recent study of anti-IgE reinforces the evidence that IgE antibodies to indoor allergens make a major contribution to asthma severity. SUMMARY Exposure to Fel d 1 in a home with a cat is far higher than the levels necessary to induce an allergic (IgE antibody) response. In keeping with that, children may develop tolerance, which can be long-lived. In addition, there is increasing evidence that IgE antibodies to an inhalant allergen, such as Fel d 1, dust mite, or cockroach, are causally related to lung inflammation and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libby A. Kelly
- University of Virginia Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth A. Erwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, NationwideChildren's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis affects a large portion of the population. Patients are frequently sensitized to indoor allergens. The most important contributors are house dust mites, pets, and fungi. In very controlled environments where allergen exposure is significantly reduced, individuals have been shown to have clinical improvement in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma symptoms. Achieving sufficient exposure reduction in the home has proven difficult. Nonetheless, evidence exists that demonstrates exposure avoidance can be useful as an adjunct to other therapies, such as pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy, for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Bush
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, K4/910 CSC #9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Platts-Mills TAE, Woodfolk JA. Allergens and their role in the allergic immune response. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:51-68. [PMID: 21682738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergens are recognized as the proteins that induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses in humans. The proteins come from a range of sources and, not surprisingly, have many different biological functions. However, the delivery of allergens to the nose is exclusively on particles, which carry a range of molecules in addition to the protein allergens. These molecules include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that can alter the response. Although the response to allergens is characterized by IgE antibodies, it also includes other isotypes (IgG, IgA, and IgG4), as well as T cells. The challenge is to identify the characteristics of these exposures that favor the production of this form of response. The primary features of the exposure appear to be the delivery in particles, such as pollen grains or mite feces, containing both proteins and PAMPs, but with overall low dose. Within this model, there is a simple direct relationship between the dose of exposure to mite or grass pollen and the prevalence of IgE responses. By contrast, the highest levels of exposure to cat allergen are associated with a lower prevalence of IgE responses. Although the detailed mechanisms for this phenomenon are not clear, it appears that enhanced production of interleukin-10 in response to specific Fel d 1 peptides could influence the response. However, it is striking that the animal sources that are most clearly associated with decreased responses at high allergen dose are derived from animals from which humans evolved more recently (∼65 million years ago). Although the nose is still recognized as the primary route for sensitization to inhalant allergens, there is increasing evidence that the skin is also an important site for the generation of IgE antibody responses. By contrast, it is now evident that delivery of foreign proteins by the oral route or sublingually will favor the generation of tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stevens W, Addo-Yobo E, Roper J, Woodcock A, James H, Platts-Mills T, Custovic A. Differences in both prevalence and titre of specific immunoglobulin E among children with asthma in affluent and poor communities within a large town in Ghana. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1587-94. [PMID: 21810123 PMCID: PMC3505371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports from several African countries have noted an increasing prevalence of asthma in areas of extensive urbanization. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relevance of allergen-specific sensitization and body mass index (BMI) to asthma/wheezing and exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among children from affluent and poorer communities within a large town in Ghana. METHODS Children with physician-diagnosed asthma and/or current wheezing aged 9-16 years (n=99; cases) from three schools with differing socio-economic backgrounds [urban affluent (UA), urban poor (UP) or suburban/rural (SR)] were recruited from a cross-sectional study (n=1848) in Kumasi, Ghana, and matched according to age, sex and area of residence with non-asthmatic/non-wheezy controls. We assayed sera for IgE antibodies to mite, cat, dog, cockroach, Ascaris and galactose-α-1,3-galactose. RESULTS Children from the UA school had the lowest total serum IgE. However, cases from the UA school had a higher prevalence and mean titre of sIgE to mite (71.4%, 21.2 IU/mL) when compared with controls (14.3%, 0.8 IU/mL) or cases from UP (30%, 0.8 IU/mL) and SR community (47.8%, 1.6 IU/mL). While similar findings were observed with EIB in the whole population, among cases there was no difference in IgE antibody prevalence or titre between children with or without EIB. BMI was higher among UA children with and without asthma; in UP and SR communities, children with EIB (n=14) had a significantly higher BMI compared with children with asthma/wheezing without EIB (n=38) (18.2 vs. 16.4, respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the relatively affluent school, asthma/wheezing and EIB were associated with high titre IgE antibodies to mite, decreased total IgE, and increased BMI. This contrasted with children in the urban poor school and suggests that changes relevant to a Western model of childhood asthma can occur within a short geographical distance within a large city in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Stevens
- University of Virginia Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Smith W, O'Neil SE, Hales BJ, Chai TLY, Hazell LA, Tanyaratsrisakul S, Piboonpocanum S, Thomas WR. Two newly identified cat allergens: the von Ebner gland protein Fel d 7 and the latherin-like protein Fel d 8. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:159-70. [PMID: 21576986 DOI: 10.1159/000322879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Characterization of the complete IgE binding spectrum of cat allergens is important for the development of improved diagnosis and effective immunotherapeutics. While Fel d 1 remains unchallenged as the major cat allergen, we now report the isolation of two new allergens capable of binding similar concentrations of IgE in the allergic sera of some individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cat tongue and submandibular salivary gland cDNA libraries were screened by DNA hybridisation and IgE immunoassay. The isolated DNA fragments were sub-cloned into an E. coli expression system and the IgE reactivity was examined with human cat-allergic sera using a DELFIA IgE quantitation assay. RESULTS Fel d 7, an 18 kDa von Ebner gland protein Can f 1 homologue, was isolated from the tongue library. Fel d 8, a 24-kDa latherin-like protein with homology to Equ c 5, was isolated from the submandibular library. The frequency of IgE binding of cat-allergic sera to recombinant Fel d 1, 7 and 8 was 60.5, 37.6 and 19.3%, respectively. Inhibition studies indicated some IgE binding cross-reactivity between Fel d 7 and dog dander extracts. DISCUSSION The study reports the isolation and characterization of two new cat allergens. The isolation of these allergens provides the opportunity to determine the role that IgE binding proteins other than Fel d 1 play in cat-allergic disease. For cat-allergic individuals with moderate to mild rhinoconjunctivitis these allergens may play a more important role in the manifestation of their allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Smith
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jung SW, Oh EJ, Lee J, Kim Y, Kim SY, Kim Y, Park YJ. [Usefulness of total IgE in predicting positive allergen specific IgE Tests in Korean subjects]. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 30:660-7. [PMID: 21157154 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.6.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total IgE levels in allergic patients tend to be higher than those in healthy individuals. We evaluated the usefulness of total IgE levels in predicting positive results of allergen specific IgEs in multiple allergen simultaneous tests. METHODS A total of 133 patients with allergic symptoms were evaluated. Allergen specific IgEs were detected using 3 different kits: Allergy screen (R-biopharm, Germany), AdvanSure Allergy Screen (LG Life Science, Korea) and Polycheck allergy (Biocheck Co., Germany). Total IgE was measured by turbidoimmunometric assay (LX-2200, Eiken Chemical Co., Japan). The patients were divided into high (≥ 170 IU/mL) and low (<170 IU/mL) groups of total IgE level, and the positive rates and number of positive allergen specific IgEs were evaluated in each group. Positive concordance rates among different kits were also evaluated. RESULTS High total IgE group showed significantly higher positive rates and number of positive allergen specific IgEs in all of the 3 test kits used compared to low total IgE group. Only two of the allergens, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus had positive concordance rates of ≥ 50%. Allergen specific IgEs to these two allergens showed good correlation with total IgE (correlation coefficients >0.5). CONCLUSIONS Total IgE appears to be useful in predicting positive results in allergen specific IgE tests to common allergens. The specific IgEs to D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus showed good correlation with total IgE. However, for other allergens, significant differences were observed among different test kits, and the standardization of allergens in multiple allergen simultaneous tests is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Won Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Allergen-stimulated production of intracellular ROS in neutrophils: Yes but questions remain. Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Tsukioka K, Toyabe SI, Akazawa K. Associations of age and birth cohort with total and specific IgE antibody levels. J Asthma 2011; 48:211-6. [PMID: 21391879 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.558152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total and antigen-specific IgE levels vary greatly with age; however, it is unclear whether they are more closely related to patient age or birth cohort. OBJECTIVE To determine whether birth cohort or age was more strongly correlated with total and specific IgE levels. METHODS We retrospectively examined the medical records of 5136 asthma patients who were treated at the Niigata Allergic Disease Research Institute Outpatient Clinic during the period from 1997 to 2005. The subjects were divided into four birth cohorts based on their year of birth: the first cohort was born in 1935 or earlier, the second in 1936-1955, the third in 1956-1975, and the fourth in 1976 or later. Their total IgE level and mite-, cedar-, and Candida albicans (Candida)-specific IgE levels were measured using the CAP RAST fluoroenzyme immunoassay test. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that total IgE level and mite-, cedar-, and Candida-specific IgE levels significantly decreased (p < .001) with advancing age. In addition, there were significantly higher IgE levels in later birth cohorts (p < .01). On multivariate analysis, there were associations of total IgE level and mite- and cedar-specific IgE levels with both age and birth cohort. However, there was no significant association between Candida-specific IgE antibody level and either age or birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS The associations of total and specific IgE levels with age and birth cohort were different. Thus, in comparing the results of IgE antibody testing done in different years, even for patients of the same age, the possibility of a birth cohort effect on IgE levels should be considered.
Collapse
|
39
|
[Possibilities of the primary and secondary prophylaxis in treatment of childhood asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 63:227-30. [PMID: 21053465 DOI: 10.2298/mpns1004227p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The natural course of asthma is unpredictable and appears to be unaffected by any therapeutic strategy. Under such circumstances, the attention must be focused on the opportunities for prevention of a disease which is chronic, life long and incurable, even thought it can be very effectively controlled. During the past decades, a lot of a studies have been performed and started, in which relatively large numbers of children were included and followed prospectively to determine the incidence of risk factors for asthma in childhood. All these studies have contributed significant new information. The levels of prevention must be considered in all patients. There are two main separate components to the strategy. PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS Primary prophylaxis (time course of allergic sensitization, timing of exposure to allergens, influence of tobacco smoke, maternal health and allergen exposure) is introduced before there is any evidence of sensitization to factors which might have caused the disease. There is increasing evidence that allergic sensitization is a very common precursor to the development of asthma. SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS Secondary prophylaxis (allergen avoidance, hygiene hypothesis) is important after primary sensitization to allergen has occurred, but before there is any evidence of asthma. CONCLUSION In this article the authors reviewed all results of studies about primary and secondary prophylaxis of asthma and its influence on the course of disease.
Collapse
|
40
|
Casset A, Braun JJ. [Relationships between indoor allergens, sensitization, and allergic asthma and rhinitis symptoms]. Rev Mal Respir 2010; 27:913-20. [PMID: 20965406 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a strong and consistent association between immediate hypersensitivity, asthma and exposure to allergens. However, the role that the inhaled allergen plays and the timing of events related to sensitization are still controversial. BACKGROUND Information obtained by studies of the follow-up of cohorts underlines the fact that there is no continuum between specific IgE responses and the development of childhood asthma. Allergic rhinitis and asthma result from a complex and multifactorial interaction between genetic factors, exposure to allergens, and many biological or chemical co-factors. However, when the child is exposed to an allergen, sensitization to the allergen is a risk factor for childhood asthma and severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS AND VIEWPOINTS Despite numerous epidemiological studies, the association and links between atopy, allergens, environment, sensitization and allergic rhinitis and/or asthma remain difficult to evaluate and poorly understood. Complementary studies are also necessary for the standardization of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Casset
- UMR 7199 CNRS, laboratoire de conception et application de molécules bioactives, faculté de pharmacie, université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rönmark E, Bjerg A, Hedman L, Perzanowski M, Sundberg S, Lundbäck B. The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) longitudinal paediatric study I--the first 10 years. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2010; 2 Suppl 1:26-33. [PMID: 20298347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2008.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies of asthma and allergic conditions based on the general population are scarce. AIM To summarize the methods and main results from a prospective study among school children. METHODS In 1996, a cohort of 3525 children aged 7/8 years in Northern Sweden were invited to a questionnaire survey using an expanded ISAAC protocol, and 97% participated. The cohort has been followed up yearly with high participation rate. Skin prick tests were conducted 1996, 2000 and 2006/2007. Allergens in dust from homes and schools have been analyzed. Sub samples have participated in interviews, lung function tests, bronchial hyper reactivity test, and analyses of IgE and IgG antibodies in serum. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma was 6% at age 7-8 years and increased by age. The incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma after the age of 7-8 years was around 1/100/year. The prevalence of positive skin prick test increased from 21% at age 7-8 to 30% at age 11-12 years. Remission of allergic sensitization was rare, while asthma remission was 5% yearly. The main risk factor for asthma and allergic sensitization increased in importance with increasing age. Allergic and non-allergic asthma had different risk factor pattern. Environmental risk factors decreased in impact after the age of 7. Avoidance of pets at home did not protect from asthma or allergic sensitization. CONCLUSION The study includes important sources of data for further longitudinal analyses that will contribute to the understanding of the development and the nature of asthma and allergic sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rönmark
- The OLIN Studies, Department of Medicine, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zaidi AK, Saini SS, Macglashan DW. Regulation of Syk kinase and FcRbeta expression in human basophils during treatment with omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:902-908.e7. [PMID: 20236696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human basophils from different subjects, maximum IgE-mediated histamine release and the level of Syk protein expression correlate well. Recent studies suggest that in some patients treated with omalizumab, the response to stimulation with anti-IgE antibody increases. In unrelated studies there is also evidence that the composition of FcepsilonRI in basophils differs among subjects. This observation raised the possibility that the stoichiometry of FcRbeta/FcepsilonRIalpha is not fixed to a 1:1 ratio and might be modifiable during changes in the basophil's environment. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether treatment with omalizumab results in increases in Syk expression and anti-IgE-mediated histamine release and disproportionately alters the relative presence of FcRbeta and FcepsilonRIalpha. METHOD Syk, FcepsilonRIalpha, and FcRbeta expression was monitored during the treatment of subjects with omalizumab. RESULTS Treatment with omalizumab reduced histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with cat allergen in vitro, but histamine release stimulated with anti-IgE antibody increased 2-fold. Expression of Syk increased 1.86-fold. There was no change in the expression of c-Cbl, a signaling element that is sensitive to the presence of IL-3, and no increase in response to formyl-met-leu-phe (tripeptide), a response that also increases in the presence of IL-3. There was a 60% decrease in the FcRbeta/FcepsilonRIalpha ratio in patients treated with omalizumab. CONCLUSIONS In the context of previous studies, these studies provide support for a proposal that Syk expression is modulated in vivo through an IgE-dependent mechanism and that the ratio of FcepsilonRI alpha and beta subunits in basophils is influenced by factors extrinsic to the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asifa K Zaidi
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Md, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matricardi PM, Bockelbrink A, Keil T, Grüber C, Niggemann B, Hamelmann E, Wahn U, Lau S. Dynamic evolution of serum immunoglobulin E to airborne allergens throughout childhood: results from the Multi-Centre Allergy Study birth cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1551-7. [PMID: 19954429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma evolve dynamically throughout childhood. Yet, data on the evolution of serum levels of IgE antibodies against airborne allergens throughout the first decade of life are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe the patterns of new and persistent sensitization against airborne allergens including remission from birth to 10 years of age and the long-term clinical outcomes up to the age of 13 years. METHODS In 273 children from the Multi-Centre Allergy Study, a German birth cohort, IgE levels were determined against airborne allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat and dog dander, birch and grass species pollens) at 2, 5, 7, and 10 years of age (ImmunoCAP, Phadia); allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma were ascertained at the 13 years of age through a standardized questionnaire (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). RESULTS The prevalence of sensitization to each allergen increased steadily throughout childhood, and a hierarchy of sensitization prevalence (grass>birch>mites>cat>dog) was maintained from 5 years of age onwards. A mono-sensitization state was relatively short (measurable half-life=3 years) as additional sensitizations were acquired frequently, and relatively soon after the first one. Remission of weak sensitization (UNICAP classes 1-2) was also quite frequent, especially before 5 years of age. By contrast, stronger IgE responses (>3.5 kU/L) were invariably persistent. Early sensitization was associated with a higher tendency for poly-sensitization at 10 years of age and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and/or asthma at 13 years of age. CONCLUSIONS IgE responses against airborne allergens undergo dynamic changes throughout childhood, with a high frequency of new sensitization or remission. The long-term persistence and the clinical impact of IgE responses are affected by the intensity of IgE sensitization and the age of its onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Platts-Mills TAE, Erwin EA, Heymann PW, Woodfolk JA. Rebuttal from Dr. Platts-Mills and Colleagues. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0559pr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A. Erwin
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Peter W. Heymann
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Judith A. Woodfolk
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Platts-Mills TAE, Erwin EA, Heymann PW, Woodfolk JA. Pro: The evidence for a causal role of dust mites in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:109-13; discussion 120-1. [PMID: 19395504 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200811-1756pr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
46
|
MacGlashan D. Therapeutic efficacy of omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:114-5. [PMID: 19130932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Erwin EA, Hosen J, Pollart SM, Reid MJ, Platts-Mills TAE. High-titer IgE antibody specific for pollen allergens in northern California is associated with both wheezing and total serum IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:706-8. [PMID: 19152969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
48
|
Donohue KM, Al-alem U, Perzanowski MS, Chew GL, Johnson A, Divjan A, Kelvin EA, Hoepner LA, Perera FP, Miller RL. Anti-cockroach and anti-mouse IgE are associated with early wheeze and atopy in an inner-city birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:914-20. [PMID: 19000580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between cockroach and mouse allergen exposure, anti-cockroach and anti-mouse IgE, and wheeze, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in children as young as age 3 years are of public health importance but have not been thoroughly evaluated. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that inner-city children might have anti-cockroach and anti-mouse IgE by age 3 years, and their presence would be associated with respiratory and atopic symptoms. METHODS Children were followed prospectively from birth through age 3 years (n = 404). Residential levels of cockroach and mouse allergens, sera levels of anti-cockroach and anti-mouse IgE, and parental report of wheeze, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were measured. RESULTS The odds of early wheeze were significantly higher among children who had IgE to cockroach (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% CI, 1.8-6.2), mouse (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.3-9.0), or both (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 3.4-27.3). The odds of rhinitis or atopic dermatitis were also higher among children with IgE to cockroach, mouse, or both. Higher IgE class to cockroach and mouse was associated with wheeze and atopic dermatitis (tests for trend, P < .002). CONCLUSIONS Children age 2 to 3 years who have anti-cockroach and anti-mouse IgE are at increased risk of wheeze and atopy. Moreover, a dose-response relationship was found between higher IgE class and increased prevalence of wheeze, rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis. These findings indicate the importance of reducing exposure to cockroach and mouse allergens for susceptible children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Akdis CA. New insights into mechanisms of immunoregulation in 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:700-709. [PMID: 19014761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in allergic diseases and asthma has been made during the last year. In asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis the immune system is activated by allergens, autoantigens, and components of superimposed infectious agents. Immune regulation in the lymphatic organs and in the tissue has an important role in the control and suppression of allergic disease in all stages of the inflammatory process, such as cell migration to tissues, cells gaining an inflammatory and tissue-destructive phenotype in the tissues, and their interaction with resident tissue cells to augment the inflammation. After the discovery of regulatory T cells, the importance of their unique suppressive capacity was strongly emphasized for the suppression of effector T-cell responses. However, it seems that all 3 subsets of effector T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 cells, as well as regulatory T cells, regulate each other at the level of transcription, major cytokines, and surface molecules. This review highlights key advances in immune regulation that were published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weghofer M, Thomas WR, Kronqvist M, Mari A, Purohit A, Pauli G, Horak F, Grönlund H, van Hage M, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Variability of IgE reactivity profiles among European mite allergic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:959-65. [PMID: 19021722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are a frequent indoor allergen source. Our aim was to determine the frequencies of IgE reactivity to purified HDM allergen molecules in mite allergic patients from different parts of Europe in order to establish an allergen panel for diagnosis of HDM allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Populations of D. pteronyssinus-allergic patients from Austria (n = 56), France (n = 55), Italy (n = 67) and Sweden (n = 65) and storage mite allergic patients from Sweden (n = 31) were analysed for IgE reactivity to eight purified natural (n) and recombinant (r) D. pteronyssinus allergens (nDer p 1, rDer p 2, nDer p 4, rDer p 5, rDer p 7, rDer p 8, rDer p 10 and rDer p 14) in RAST-based dot blot assays. RESULTS Using a combination of Der p 1 and Der p 2, at least 97% of the D. pteronyssinus-allergic patients could be diagnosed in each of the HDM allergic populations. However, more than 50% of the patients also reacted with other allergens and significant variabilities regarding the frequencies of IgE reactivity to individual allergen molecules were found. Patients with a predominant storage mite allergy showed none or only very weak IgE reactivity to purified D. pteronyssinus allergens. CONCLUSIONS Purified Der p 1 and Der p 2 are sufficient for the diagnosis of > or = 97% of D. pteronyssinus allergic patients in Europe, but other allergens may also play an important role for the diagnosis and treatment of HDM allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Weghofer
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|