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Abu Risha M, Rick EM, Plum M, Jappe U. Legume Allergens Pea, Chickpea, Lentil, Lupine and Beyond. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:527-548. [PMID: 38990406 PMCID: PMC11364600 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In the last decade, an increasing trend towards a supposedly healthier vegan diet could be observed. However, recently, more cases of allergic reactions to plants and plant-based products such as meat-substitution products, which are often prepared with legumes, were reported. Here, we provide the current knowledge on legume allergen sources and the respective single allergens. We answer the question of which legumes beside the well-known food allergen sources peanut and soybean should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic measures. RECENT FINDINGS These "non-priority" legumes, including beans, pea, lentils, chickpea, lupine, cowpea, pigeon pea, and fenugreek, are potentially new important allergen sources, causing mild-to-severe allergic reactions. Severe reactions have been described particularly for peas and lupine. An interesting aspect is the connection between anaphylactic reactions and exercise (food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis), which has only recently been highlighted for legumes such as soybean, lentils and chickpea. Most allergic reactions derive from IgE cross-reactions to homologous proteins, for example between peanut and lupine, which is of particular importance for peanut-allergic individuals ignorant to these cross-reactions. From our findings we conclude that there is a need for large-scale studies that are geographically distinctive because most studies are case reports, and geographic differences of allergic diseases towards these legumes have already been discovered for well-known "Big 9" allergen sources such as peanut and soybean. Furthermore, the review illustrates the need for a better molecular diagnostic for these emerging non-priority allergen sources to evaluate IgE cross-reactivities to known allergens and identify true allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marua Abu Risha
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Rick
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Melanie Plum
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Mastrorilli C, Chiera F, Arasi S, Giannetti A, Caimmi D, Dinardo G, Gracci S, Pecoraro L, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Bernardini R. IgE-Mediated Legume Allergy: A Pediatric Perspective. J Pers Med 2024; 14:898. [PMID: 39338152 PMCID: PMC11433522 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are an inexpensive and essential protein source worldwide. The most consumed legumes include peanuts, soybeans, lentils, lupines, peas, common bean and chickpeas. In addition, the food industry is growing interested in expanding the use of legumes to partially replace or substitute cereals. Legumes were described to cause IgE-mediated allergies, and their growing use may also increase the incidence of allergy. The epidemiology of legume allergy varies by region; peanuts and soybeans are the legumes most involved in food allergies in Western countries, whereas lentils, peas, and chickpeas are reported as culprit allergens mainly in the Mediterranean area and India. This review, edited by the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, summarizes the scientific literature on legume allergy in children and proposes a diagnostic workup and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mastrorilli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Chiera
- Pediatric Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Area of Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Giannetti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- IDESP, UMR A11, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80129 Naples, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.D.G.)
| | - Serena Gracci
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Maternal and Child Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80129 Naples, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.D.G.)
| | - Roberto Bernardini
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Maternal and Child Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50053 Empoli, Italy
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3
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Takei M, Homma Y, Saito A, Yanagida N, Sato S, Ebisawa M. Fenugreek allergy caused by cross-reactivity with peanut: An in vitro analysis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100292. [PMID: 39040656 PMCID: PMC11260561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Fenugreek is often hidden in processed foods, where it is included in the generic term spice on food labels. Cross-reactivity of peanut and fenugreek should be considered in the management of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Takei
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Homma
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Saito
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, NHO Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Haxhiraj M, White K, Terry C. The Role of Fenugreek in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6987. [PMID: 39000103 PMCID: PMC11240913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide. Of growing concern, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and youths is increasing rapidly and mirrors the increasing burden of childhood obesity. There are many risk factors associated with the condition; some are due to lifestyle, but many are beyond our control, such as genetics. There is an urgent need to develop better therapeutics for the prevention and management of this complex condition since current medications often cause unwanted side effects, and poorly managed diabetes can result in the onset of related comorbidities. Naturally derived compounds have gained momentum for preventing and managing several complex conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide an update on the benefits and limitations of fenugreek and its components as a therapeutic for type 2 diabetes, including its bioavailability and interaction with the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Haxhiraj
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Kenneth White
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Cassandra Terry
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
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Alu'datt MH, Rababah T, Al-Ali S, Tranchant CC, Gammoh S, Alrosan M, Kubow S, Tan TC, Ghatasheh S. Current perspectives on fenugreek bioactive compounds and their potential impact on human health: A review of recent insights into functional foods and other high value applications. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1835-1864. [PMID: 38407443 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite long-standing uses in several food and medicine traditions, the full potential of the leguminous crop fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) remains to be realized in the modern diet. Not only its seeds, which are highly prized for their culinary and medicinal properties, but also its leaves and stems abound in phytochemicals with high nutritional and health promoting attributes. Fenugreek dual food-medicine applications and reported metabolic activities include hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, and antinociceptive effects, with potential organ-protective effects at the cardiovascular, digestive, hepatic, endocrine, and central nervous system levels. Effectiveness in alleviating certain inflammatory skin conditions and dysfunctions of the reproductive system was also suggested. As a food ingredient, fenugreek can enhance the sensory, nutritional, and nutraceutical qualities of a wide variety of foods. Its high nutritive density can assist with the design of dietary items that meet the demand for novelty, variety, and healthier foods. Its seeds provide essential protective nutrients and other bioactive compounds, notably galactomannans, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, whose health benefits, alone or in conjunction with other bioactives, are only beginning to be tapped into in the food industries. This review summarizes the current state of evidence on fenugreek potential for functional food development, focusing on the nutrients and non-nutrient bioactive components of interest from a dietary perspective, and their applications for enhancing the functional and nutraceutical value of foods and beverages. New developments, safety, clinical evidence, presumed mechanisms of action, and future perspectives are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS: Fenugreek seeds and leaves have long-standing uses in the food-medicine continuum. Fenugreek phytochemicals exert broad-spectrum biological and pharmacological activities. They show high preventive and nutraceutical potential against common chronic diseases. Current evidence supports multiple mechanisms of action mediated by distinct bioactives. Opportunities for fenugreek-based functional foods and nutraceuticals are expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Taha Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saleh Al-Ali
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alrosan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Salsabeel Ghatasheh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Hidden and Rare Food Allergens in Pediatric Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061386. [PMID: 36986115 PMCID: PMC10058883 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In food allergy management, the avoidance of the allergen that caused the reaction plays a fundamental role. Nevertheless, that can be thwarted in case of accidental exposure to a rare or hidden allergen, causing the adoption of a monotonous diet and a consequent reduction in the quality of life of the patient and their family. The identification of a rare and hidden allergen is an important diagnostic challenge, taking into account that a significant proportion of all food reactions is in reality due to them. The aim of the present review is to provide the pediatric allergist an overview of the possible sources of rare and hidden food allergens, taking into consideration the routes of exposure to these potential allergens with the main examples published in the scientific literature and the distinction between types of direct or cross-contamination. The identification of the allergen responsible for the reaction and the provision of a dietary advice customized for the specific individual’s dietary habits is essential to improve quality of life of the familiar nucleus and to reduce the risk of further allergic reactions.
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Muller T, Luc A, Adam T, Jarlot-Chevaux S, Dumond P, Schweitzer C, Codreanu-Morel F, Divaret-Chauveau A. Relevance of sensitization to legumes in peanut-allergic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13846. [PMID: 36156816 PMCID: PMC9544501 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legume consumption has increased during the two past decades. In France, legumes are responsible for 14.6% of food-related anaphylaxis in children, with peanut as the main allergen (77.5%). Few studies have demonstrated cross-reactivities between peanut and other legumes. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and relevance of sensitization to legumes in peanut-allergic children. METHODS All children, aged of 1-17 years, admitted to the Pediatric Allergy Department of the University Hospital of Nancy between January 1, 2017 and February 29, 2020 with a confirmed peanut allergy (PA) and a documented consumption or sensitization to at least one other legume were included. Data were retrospectively collected regarding history of consumption, skin prick tests, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), prior allergic reactions, and oral food challenges for each legume. RESULTS Among the 195 included children with PA, 122 were sensitized to at least one other legume (63.9%). Main sensitizations were for fenugreek (N = 61, 66.3%), lentil (N = 38, 42.2%), soy (N = 61, 39.9%), and lupine (N = 63, 34.2%). Among the 122 sensitized children, allergy to at least one legume was confirmed for 34 children (27.9%), including six children who had multiple legume allergies (4.9%). Lentil, lupine, and pea were the main responsible allergens. Half of allergic reactions to legumes other than peanut were severe. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of legume sensitization and the frequent severe reactions reported in children with PA highlight that tolerated legume consumption should be explored for each legume in the case of PA, and sensitization should be investigated if not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timé Muller
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Amandine Luc
- DRCI, MPI Department, Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Tania Adam
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Jarlot-Chevaux
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Pascale Dumond
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Schweitzer
- Department of Pediatric Lung Function Testing, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.,EA3450 DevAH - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Amandine Divaret-Chauveau
- Pediatric Allergy Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.,EA3450 DevAH - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Effect of Processing on Fish Protein Antigenicity and Allergenicity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050969. [PMID: 33925068 PMCID: PMC8145695 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish allergy is a life-long food allergy whose prevalence is affected by many demographic factors. Currently, there is no cure for fish allergy, which can only be managed by strict avoidance of fish in the diet. According to the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, 12 fish proteins are recognized as allergens. Different processing (thermal and non-thermal) techniques are applied to fish and fishery products to reduce microorganisms, extend shelf life, and alter organoleptic/nutritional properties. In this concise review, the development of a consistent terminology for studying food protein immunogenicity, antigenicity, and allergenicity is proposed. It also summarizes that food processing may lead to a decrease, no change, or even increase in fish antigenicity and allergenicity due to the change of protein solubility, protein denaturation, and the modification of linear or conformational epitopes. Recent studies investigated the effect of processing on fish antigenicity/allergenicity and were mainly conducted on commonly consumed fish species and major fish allergens using in vitro methods. Future research areas such as novel fish species/allergens and ex vivo/in vivo evaluation methods would convey a comprehensive view of the relationship between processing and fish allergy.
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Skypala IJ. Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: Role of Hidden Allergens and Cofactors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:673. [PMID: 31001275 PMCID: PMC6457317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food anaphylaxis is on the increase, with those who have an allergy to peanuts, tree nuts, milk, and seafood at the highest risk of developing such a reaction. However, the diet in many societies is increasingly varied, much of the food consumed is prepared outside the home, and meals are often composed of many different ingredients. Anaphylaxis may occur to a composite food, and it may be unclear whether the reaction is due to contamination or to a culprit allergen present in an added ingredient. Composite foods can contain many allergic proteins present in small amounts, which do not always have to be labeled, unless they feature in European or US labeling regulations. These "hidden" allergens include mustard, celery, spices, lupine, pea, natural food colourings, and preservatives, but can occasionally include allergenic material from contaminants such as cereal mites. Hidden allergens can provoke severe reactions to seemingly unconnected foods which might then lead to a diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis. The same problem can arise with two well-known types of food allergy; wheat-dependant exercise induced anaphylaxis and allergy to non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein allergens, both of which might only manifest when linked to a cofactor such as exercise. Many of these risk factors for food anaphylaxis have a common link; the public's engagement with popular concepts of health and fitness. This includes the development of a food and exercise culture involving the promotion and marketing of foods for their health-giving properties i.e., meat substitutes, wheat substitutes, supplements and alternative, or "natural" remedies for common ailments. Some of these foods have been reported as the cause of severe allergic reactions, but because they are often viewed as benign unlikely causes of severe allergic reactions, could be considered to be hidden allergens. The best resource to elicit the likelihood of a hidden allergen provoking an allergic reaction is to take a detailed history of the allergic reaction, presence of co-factors, foods suspected, type of food and where it was consumed. A good knowledge of commonly used ingredients, and list of potential hidden allergen suspects are essential tools for the food allergy detective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J. Skypala
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Che CT, Douglas L, Liem J. Case reports of peanut-fenugreek and cashew-sumac cross-reactivity. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 5:510-511. [PMID: 28283164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun T Che
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Douglas
- Windsor Allergy Asthma Education Centre, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Liem
- Windsor Allergy Asthma Education Centre, Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Mannans: An overview of properties and application in food products. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:79-95. [PMID: 30048723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to emphasize the occurrence and abundant presence of mannans in nature, their classification, structural differences and significance in food and feed industry. With rising demand from the consumers' end for novel natural foods, usage of galactomannan and glucomannan has also increased alternatively. Non toxicity of mannans permits their usage in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, and textile industries. In the food industry, mannans have various applications such as edible films/coating, gel formation, stiffeners, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, texture improvers, water absorbants, as prebiotics in dairy products and bakery, seasonings, diet foods, coffee whiteners etc. Applications and functions of these commonly used commercially available mannans have therefore, been highlighted. Mannans improve the texture and appeal of food products and provide numerous health benefits like controlling obesity and body weight control, prebiotic benefits, constipation alleviaton, prevent occurrence of diarrhea, check inflammation due to gut related diseases, management of diverticular disease management, balance intestinal microbiota, immune system modulator, reduced risk of colorectal cancer etc. Mannan degrading enzymes are the key enzymes involved in degradation and are useful in various industrial processes such as fruit juice clarification, viscosity reduction of coffee extracts etc. besides facilitating the process steps and improving process quality.
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Which Benefits and Harms of Using Fenugreek as a Galactogogue Need to Be Discussed during Clinical Consultations? A Delphi Study among Breastfeeding Women, Gynecologists, Pediatricians, Family Physicians, Lactation Consultants, and Pharmacists. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2418673. [PMID: 29849697 PMCID: PMC5937604 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2418673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding women with hypogalactia are commonly recommended to use fenugreek as a galactogogue. This study aimed to achieve formal consensus among breastfeeding women and healthcare providers on which potential harms and benefits of using fenugreek need to be communicated and discussed during clinical consultations. Methods A two-iterative round Delphi technique was used in two separate panels of breastfeeding women (n = 65) and healthcare providers (n = 56) to achieve formal consensus on a list of 24 and 16 items related to potential harms and benefits of fenugreek. Results About 70% of the healthcare providers recommended quite often herbal remedies for breastfeeding women and about 68% of the women had been recommended to use herbal remedies many times by their healthcare providers. Consensus was achieved on 21 potential harms and 14 potential benefits of using fenugreek to enhance human milk supply that need to be discussed with breastfeeding women during consultations. Conclusion Probably, potential harms and benefits of recommending fenugreek as herbal galactogogue for breastfeeding women seeking recommendations to increase their human milk supply need to be discussed during clinical consultations. Further observational studies are needed to assess what is being discussed in daily consultations when herbal remedies are recommended.
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Joseph NI, Slavin E, Peppers BP, Hostoffer RW. Fenugreek Anaphylaxis in a Pediatric Patient. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2018; 9:2152656718764134. [PMID: 29977649 PMCID: PMC6028160 DOI: 10.1177/2152656718764134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a food product that belongs to the Leguminosae family along with other legumes. It has been used in India, Greece, and Egypt for culinary and medical purposes since ancient times, and today, fenugreek is used for flavoring foods, dyes, and drugs throughout the world. Many members of the Leguminosae family have been associated with allergies including soybean, green pea, and peanut. Fenugreek is also included in this family and may result in allergic reactions. Two cases of anaphylaxis have been described in children after ingestion of curry and pastes that contain fenugreek, although the true nature of the causative agent was unclear. We report the first case of fenugreek anaphylaxis in a pediatric patient defined by skin testing, immunoglobulin E ImmunoCAP assays, and clear ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy I Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eileen Slavin
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Peppers
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert W Hostoffer
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Allergy/Immunology Associates, Inc., Mayfield Heights, OH, USA
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15
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Minciullo PL, Calapai G, Miroddi M, Mannucci C, Chinou I, Gangemi S, Schmidt RJ. Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used European herbal medicinal products - part 4: Solidago virgaurea-Vitis vinifera. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:67-87. [PMID: 28543097 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the European Medicines Agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of November 2013 and for which a Community herbal monograph - now (since 2014) called a 'European Union herbal monograph' - has been produced. The present part 4 addresses species from Solidago virgaurea L. to Vitis vinifera L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Minciullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.,Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'G. Martino', Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Miroddi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Division of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.,Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'G. Martino', Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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16
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Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Swaroop A, Bagchi D, Bishayee A. A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28266134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products have long-standing utility toward treating degenerative diseases. It is estimated that about two-thirds of world population depend on traditional medicine for primary medical needs. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.), a short-living annual medicinal plant belonging to Fabaceae family, is used extensively in various parts of the world as herb, food, spice, and traditional medicine. Fenugreek is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and its health-promoting effects have been cited in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. The investigations into the chemical composition and pharmacological actions have seen a renaissance in recent years. Extensive preclinical and clinical research have outlined the pharmaceutical uses of fenugreek as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, galactogogue and for miscellaneous pharmacological effects, including improving women's health. The pharmacological actions of fenugreek are attributed to diverse array of phytoconstituents. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and hydrocarbons. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current available literature to understand the potential of fenugreek for disease prevention and health improvement with special emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Current challenges and new directions of research on fenugreek are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Ouzir M, El Bairi K, Amzazi S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:145-54. [PMID: 27498339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum), used as traditional medicine and natural additive food, has been shown to exert significant antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, antianorexic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antihyperlipidemic, galactogogue and anti-inflammatory effects in several human and animal models. Besides, several medicinal pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties, fenugreek have toxic effects as well. The aim of this review is discuss the cumulative evidence, which suggests that consumption of fenugreek induced some serious toxicological side effects. In this review, many teratogenic effects of fenugreek, from congenital malformations to death, were reported in human, rodent, rabbit, and chick. Moreover, results obtained in rats, mice and rabbits show a testicular toxicity and anti-fertility effects in male associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as anti-fertility, antiimplantation and abortifacient activity in females related to saponin compound of fenugreek which suggest that fenugreek is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Indeed, the consumption of fenugreek should be avoided for persons having peanut and chickpeas allergy because of possible cross-reactivity as well as chronic asthma. Accumulating evidence suggest also that fenugreek may have neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral and neuropathological side effects. It is suggested that future studies would be conducted to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the fenugreek toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ouzir
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid El Bairi
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, University Mohamed First, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco
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18
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Wu Z, Lian J, Han Y, Zhou N, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Crosslinking of peanut allergen Ara h 2 by polyphenol oxidase: digestibility and potential allergenicity assessment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3567-3574. [PMID: 26597340 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is one of the eight major food allergens. Its allergen, Ara h 2, can be recognized by over 90% of serum IgE samples from peanut-allergic patients. Therefore, reducing the allergenicity of Ara h 2 is especially important. RESULTS In the present study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a protein cross-linking reaction catalyst that acts on tyrosine residue, was used to modify Ara h 2. After crosslinking, the microstructure, digestibility, IgG binding capability and IgE binding capability of Ara h 2 were analyzed. Cross-linking decreased the potential allergenicity of Ara h 2 by masking the allergen epitope, while the antigenicity of Ara h 2 changed slightly. After crosslinking, the apparent diameter of Ara h 2 was altered from 300 to 1700 nm or 220 nm, indicating that polymerization could either be inter- or intramolecular. Regarding digestibility, crosslinked Ara h 2 was relatively more easily digested by gastric fluid compared with the untreated Ara h 2, but much more difficult in the intestinal fluid. CONCLUSION The crosslinking reaction catalyzed by PPO, as a non-thermal process, may be beneficial for avoiding food allergy. The reaction could mask allergen epitopes, decreasing the allergenicity of Ara h 2. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jun Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yuanlong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Jiangxi Synergy Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fengxin, 330700, China
| | - Ningling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Department of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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19
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Brough HA, Turner PJ, Wright T, Fox AT, Taylor SL, Warner JO, Lack G. Dietary management of peanut and tree nut allergy: what exactly should patients avoid? Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:859-871. [PMID: 25443673 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peanut and tree nut allergies are the commonest cause of life-threatening food-allergic reactions and significantly affect quality of life in children and their families. Dietary nut avoidance and provision of emergency medication is currently the mainstay of treatment. Nut avoidance has consequences on both quality of life and nutrition. We review the terminology that may cause confusion and lead to unnecessary dietary restrictions. In peanut or tree nut-allergic children, introduction of specific nuts to which the child is not allergic may improve quality of life and should be considered in patients with multiple foods allergies, vegan or ethnic-specific diets, in whom nuts are an important source of protein. Nut-allergic consumers do not just need to avoid foods containing nuts as an ingredient, but also contend with pre-packed foods which frequently have precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) referring to possible nut contamination. Although the published rate of peanut contamination in 'snack' foods with PAL (see Box ) ranges from 0.9-32.4%, peanut contamination in non-snack items with PAL is far less common. We propose that in some peanut-allergic patients (depending on history of reactivity to trace levels of peanut, reaction severity, other medical conditions, willingness to always carry adrenaline, etc.), consideration may be given to allow the consumption of non-snack foods containing PAL following discussion with the patient's (and their family's) specialist. More work is needed to provide consumers with clearer information on the risk of potential nut contamination in pre-packed food. We also draw attention to the change in legislation in December 2014 that require mandatory disclosure of allergens in non-pre-packed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Brough
- Children's Allergy Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology & MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Turner
- Section of Paediatrics (Allergy & Immunology) & MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust / NIHR Biomedical Research Unit.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Wright
- Children's Allergy Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A T Fox
- Children's Allergy Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology & MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S L Taylor
- Food Allergy Research & Resource Program, Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - J O Warner
- Section of Paediatrics (Allergy & Immunology) & MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust / NIHR Biomedical Research Unit
| | - G Lack
- Children's Allergy Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology & MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Oyoshi MK, Oettgen HC, Chatila TA, Geha RS, Bryce PJ. Food allergy: Insights into etiology, prevention, and treatment provided by murine models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:309-17. [PMID: 24636470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Animal models of food allergy have emerged as a tool for identifying mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization to normally harmless food allergens, as well as delineating the critical immune components of the effector phase of allergic reactions to food. However, the role animal models might play in understanding human diseases remains contentious. This review summarizes how animal models have provided insights into the etiology of human food allergy, experimental corroboration for epidemiologic findings that might facilitate prevention strategies, and validation for the utility of new therapies for food allergy. Improved understanding of food allergy from the study of animal models together with human studies is likely to contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
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21
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22
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Anaphylaxie prélétale au fenugrec. Importance des co-facteurs. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Vinje NE, Namork E, Løvik M. Cross-allergic reactions to legumes in lupin and fenugreek-sensitized mice. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:387-97. [PMID: 22803695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several legumes may induce allergy, and there is extensive serological cross-reactivity among legumes. This cross-reactivity has traditionally been regarded to have limited clinical relevance. However, the introduction of novel legumes to Western countries may have changed this pattern, and in some studies cross-allergy to lupin has been reported in more than 60% of peanut-allergic patients. We wanted to explore cross-reactions among legumes using two newly established mouse models of food allergy. Mice were immunized perorally with fenugreek or lupin with cholera toxin as adjuvant. The mice were challenged with high doses of fenugreek, lupin, peanut or soy, and signs of anaphylactic reactions were observed. Cross-allergic mechanisms were investigated using serum mouse mast cell protease-1 (MMCP-1), antibody responses, immunoblotting and ex vivo production of cytokines by spleen cells. Signs of cross-allergy were observed for all the tested legumes in both models. The cross-allergic symptoms were milder and affected fewer mice than the primary allergic responses. The cross-allergy was reflected to a certain extent in the antibody and T-cell responses, but not in serum MMCP-1 levels. Cross-allergy to peanut, soy, fenugreek and lupin was observed in lupin-sensitized and fenugreek-sensitized mice. Differences in serological responses between primary allergy and cross-allergy might be due to mediation through different immune mechanisms or reflect different epitope affinity to IgE. These differences need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Vinje
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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25
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Namork E, Fæste CK, Stensby BA, Egaas E, Løvik M. Severe allergic reactions to food in Norway: a ten year survey of cases reported to the food allergy register. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:3144-55. [PMID: 21909296 PMCID: PMC3166732 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8083144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Norwegian Food Allergy Register was established at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in 2000. The purpose of the register is to gain information about severe allergic reactions to food in Norway and to survey food products in relation to allergen labelling and contamination. Cases are reported on a voluntary basis by first line doctors, and submitted together with a serum sample for specific IgE analysis. The register has received a total of 877 reports from 1 July, 2000 to 31 December, 2010. Two age groups, small children and young adults are over-represented, and the overall gender distribution is 40:60 males-females. The legumes lupine and fenugreek have been identified as two "new" allergens in processed foods and cases of contamination and faults in production of processed foods have been revealed. The highest frequency of food specific IgE is to hazelnuts and peanuts, with a marked increase in reactions to hazelnuts during the last three years. The Food Allergy Register has improved our knowledge about causes and severity of food allergic reactions in Norway. The results show the usefulness of population based national food allergy registers in providing information for health authorities and to secure safe food for individuals with food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Namork
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo NO-0403, Norway; E-Mails: (B.A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Christiane K. Fæste
- National Veterinary Institute, Oslo N-0106, Norway; E-Mails: (C.K.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Berit A. Stensby
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo NO-0403, Norway; E-Mails: (B.A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Eliann Egaas
- National Veterinary Institute, Oslo N-0106, Norway; E-Mails: (C.K.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Martinus Løvik
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo NO-0403, Norway; E-Mails: (B.A.S.); (M.L.)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
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26
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Hu CQ, Chen HB, Gao JY, Luo CP, Ma XJ, Tong P. High-pressure microfluidisation-induced changes in the antigenicity and conformation of allergen Ara h 2 purified from Chinese peanut. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1304-1309. [PMID: 21384372 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is one of the most serious food allergies, and Ara h 2 is one of the most important peanut allergens as it is recognised by serum immunoglobulin E from more than 90% of peanut-allergic individuals. Dynamic high-pressure microfluidisation has been widely used in food processing as a new technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-pressure microfluidisation on the antigenicity and structure of Ara h 2. Extracted peanut allergen Ara h 2 was treated under a continuous pressure array of 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 MPa. Immunoreactivity was measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Secondary structure was analysed by circular dichroism. Surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl groups were assessed via fluorescence and UV absorption spectra respectively. RESULTS High-pressure microfluidisation treatment decreased the antigenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 2, changed its secondary structure and increased its UV absorption intensity and surface hydrophobicity. CONCLUSION The change in conformation contributed to the decrease in antigenicity of Ara h 2, and the spatial conformation of peanut allergen Ara h 2 plays a critical role in its antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-qiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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27
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Khalki L, M'hamed SB, Bennis M, Chait A, Sokar Z. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the aqueous extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.) in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:321-325. [PMID: 20600755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The use of medicinal plant products to treat various ailments is a common practice in many developing countries. However, a lack of information on the adverse effects of these plants raises questions on their safety and possible adverse side effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential toxic effects of fenugreek seeds on pregnant mice and foetal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lyophilized aqueous extract from fenugreek seeds (LAE-FS) was administered to mated female mice during the entire period of pregnancy, at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Females were examined for standard parameters of reproductive performance. Foetuses were weighed and examined for externally visible malformations. RESULTS In pregnant females, there were no obvious symptoms of toxicity, LAE-FS-related deaths or macroscopic abnormalities. Developmental toxicity in offspring included an increase in the foetal death rate, a decrease in the litter size, and a reduction in the foetal body weight. In addition there was an increase in the incidence of morphological abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it was concluded that fenugreek seeds extract may have deleterious toxic effects on reproductive performance and potential teratogenic effects in foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Khalki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, URAC-37, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco
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28
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Al-Ashban R, Abou-Shaaban R, Shah A. Toxicity studies on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds used in spices and as a traditional remedy for diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3742/opem.2010.10.2.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Worm M, Timmermans F, Moneret-Vautrin A, Muraro A, Malmheden Yman II, Lövik M, Hattersley S, Crevel R. Towards a European registry of severe allergic reactions: current status of national registries and future needs. Allergy 2010; 65:671-80. [PMID: 20148805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of severe allergic reactions is largely unknown and information about triggering allergens, aggravating factors, demography of patients and medical care is lacking. A European wide registry could provide a powerful tool to improve the management of severe allergic reactions from both a medical and a public health perspective. Analysis of existing registries regarding the type and quality of data being collected was used to develop a plan for a pan-European registry, including the type of system to be used and the range of data to be entered. Surveillance will provide evidence for the efficacy of risk management measures and may identify the emergence of new allergenic foods, and aid monitoring of novel foods, ingredients and technologies. Patients need a clear indication of factors that may increase their risk of having an adverse reaction, which such a registry can help compile. Based on the collected data, food businesses will be able to develop educational programmes for allergen risk assessment and allergen risk communication. Finally, and most importantly preventive measures can be developed and government agencies receive population based data which may be relevant for legislative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Worm
- Department for Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité Campus Mitte, Medical University Berlin, Germany
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30
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18:191-4. [DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32833ad4c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Faeste CK, Christians U, Egaas E, Jonscher KR. Characterization of potential allergens in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) using patient sera and MS-based proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1321-33. [PMID: 20219717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenugreek is a legume plant used as an ingredient of curry spice. Incidents of IgE-mediated food allergy to fenugreek have been reported. Coincidence with allergy to peanut, a major food allergen, seems to be common suggesting a rather high rate of cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVE Characterization of fenugreek allergens using patient sera and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. METHODS Allergenic fenugreek proteins were detected by immunoblotting, using sera from 13 patients with specific IgE to peanut and fenugreek. IgE-binding proteins were analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting and peptide sequencing. RESULTS A fenugreek protein quintet in the range from 50 kDa to 66 kDa showed high IgE-affinity, the protein at 50 kDa reaching the strongest signals in all patients. Proteomic analyses allowed the classification of several fenugreek proteins to a number of allergen families. Fenugreek 7S-vicilin and 11S-legumin were partly sequenced and revealed considerable homologies to peanut Ara h 1 and Ara h 3, respectively. The presence of a fenugreek 2S albumin and pathogenesis-related (PR-10) plant pollen protein was assumed by database searching results. CONCLUSION In this study, individual fenugreek proteins were characterised for the first time. Observed homologies to major peanut allergens provide a molecular explanation for clinical cross-reactivity.
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Sicherer SH, Leung DYM. Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:85-97. [PMID: 20109740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects, as well as advances in allergic skin disease that were reported in the Journal in 2009. Among key epidemiologic observations, several westernized countries report that more than 1% of children have peanut allergy, and there is some evidence that environmental exposure to peanut is a risk factor. The role of regulatory T cells, complement, platelet-activating factor, and effector cells in the development and expression of food allergy were explored in several murine models and human studies. Delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meats appears to be related to IgE binding to the carbohydrate moiety galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, which also has implications for hypersensitivity to murine mAb therapeutics containing this oligosaccharide. Oral immunotherapy studies continue to show promise for the treatment of food allergy, but determining whether the treatment causes tolerance (cure) or temporary desensitization remains to be explored. Increased baseline serum tryptase levels might inform the risk of venom anaphylaxis and might indicate a risk for mast cell disorders in persons who have experienced such episodes. Reduced structural and immune barrier function contribute to local and systemic allergen sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as increased propensity of skin infections in these patients. The use of increased doses of nonsedating antihistamines and potential usefulness of omalizumab for chronic urticaria was highlighted. These exciting advances reported in the Journal can improve patient care today and provide insights on how we can improve the diagnosis and treatment of these allergic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Sicherer
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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