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Bhujel B, Oh S, Hur W, Lee S, Chung HS, Lee H, Park JH, Kim JY. Effect of Exposure to Particulate Matter on the Ocular Surface in an Experimental Allergic Eye Disease Mouse Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:498. [PMID: 38790364 PMCID: PMC11118833 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the escalating concern over the effect of environmental factors on ocular health, this study aimed to investigate the impact of air pollution-associated particulate matter (PM) on ocular allergy and inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) topically and aluminum hydroxide via intraperitoneal injection. Two weeks later, the mice were challenged with OVA and exposed to PM. Three groups-naive, OVA, and OVA-sensitized with PM exposure (OVA + PM) groups-were induced to an Allergic Eye disease (AED) model. Parameters including clinical signs, histological changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, serum OVA-specific immunoglobulins E (IgE) levels, mast cells degranulation, cellular apoptosis and T-cell cytokines were studied. The results demonstrate that exposure with PM significantly exacerbates ocular allergy, evidenced by increased eye-lid edema, mast cell degranulation, inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α), cell proliferation (Ki67), and serum IgE, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and apoptosis and reduced goblet cells. These findings elucidate the detrimental impact of PM exposure on exacerbating the severity of AED. Noticeably, diminished goblet cells highlight disruptions in ocular surface integrity, while increased PMN infiltration with an elevated production of IgE signifies a systemic allergic response with inflammation. In conclusion, this study not only scientifically substantiates the association between air pollution, specifically PM, and ocular health, but also underscores the urgency for further exploration and targeted interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of environmental pollutants on ocular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Bhujel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan Graduate School, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seheon Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan Graduate School, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojune Hur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan Graduate School, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ulsan Graduate School, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
| | | | - Jae Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.O.); (W.H.); (S.L.); (H.S.C.); (H.L.)
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Fukuda K, Kishimoto T, Sumi T, Yamashiro K, Ebihara N. Biologics for allergy: therapeutic potential for ocular allergic diseases and adverse effects on the eye. Allergol Int 2022; 72:234-244. [PMID: 36333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologics applying antibodies against IgE, IL-5, IL-5 receptor α, IL-4 receptor α, and IL-13 have dramatically improved recent treatment outcomes in allergic diseases including asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. However, these drugs have not been approved for ocular allergic diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Although the putative mechanisms suggest that these drugs should have beneficial effects in patients with ocular allergies and some studies have reported such beneficial effects, various adverse ocular symptoms have also been observed in clinical trials and off-label use studies. Since ocular allergic diseases have distinct pathogeneses, each biologic drug must be examined regarding specific effects on each ocular allergy. For example, IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity plays a critical role in allergic conjunctivitis. By contrast, T cells and eosinophilic and non-IgE-mediated type 2 inflammation play important roles in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Allergists must fully understand the effects of each drug on the eye. This review outlines both potential therapeutic and adverse effects of various biologics on allergic diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tamaki Sumi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Kalangara JP, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Chisolm S, Kuruvilla ME. Neuropathic pain and itch: mechanisms in allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:298-303. [PMID: 35916592 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and affects up to one third of the general population. The current understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies center around the type 2 inflammatory pathway. However, there is an increasing body of evidence that suggests neurogenic mechanisms also play a role in allergic inflammation, with a substantial proportion of allergic conjunctivitis patients experiencing both ocular itch and pain. RECENT FINDINGS Unmyelinated C fibres on the ocular surface transmit histaminergic itch and can be directly activated by mast cell mediators. The conjunctival mucosa also contains TRPV1+ (histamine-dependent) and TRPA1+ (histamine-independent) neurons that enhance ocular pain and itch in allergic conjunctivitis. Allergen-complexed IgE also binds directly to FcεRI expressed on peripheral neurons. Environmental aeroallergens can also directly stimulate neuronal nociceptors to release inflammatory substances. Allergic inflammation thus stimulates nerve terminals to release vasoactive and inflammatory neuropeptides, leading to a cyclical neuronal dysregulation that augments mast cell activity. These repetitive cycles lead to both peripheral and central sensitization and neuronal plasticity, resulting in decreased itch/pain thresholds and a heightened itch/pain response. SUMMARY Neurogenic mechanisms including peripheral and central sensitization may drive chronic ocular itch and pain secondary to allergic inflammation. Research into these pathways may help to identify therapeutic targets in allergic conjunctivitis patients with refractory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Chisolm
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cui H, Liu F, Fang Y, Wang T, Yuan B, Ma C. Neuronal FcεRIα directly mediates ocular itch via IgE-immune complex in a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:55. [PMID: 35197064 PMCID: PMC8867756 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical understanding of allergic conjunctivitis (ACJ) suggests that ocular itch results from a mast cell-dependent inflammatory process. However, treatments that target inflammatory mediators or immune cells are often unsatisfying in relieving the stubborn itch symptom. This suggests that additional mechanisms are responsible for ocular itch in ACJ. In this study, we aim to determine the role of neuronal FcεRIa in allergic ocular itch. Methods Calcium imaging was applied to observe the effect of IgE-immune complex in trigeminal neurons. Genomic FcεRIa knockout mice and adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated sensory neuron FcεRIa knockdown mice were used in conjunction with behavioral tests to determine ocular itch. In addition, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used for in vitro experiments. Results We found that FcεRIα was expressed in a subpopulation of conjunctiva sensory neurons. IgE-IC directly activated trigeminal neurons and evoked acute ocular itch without detectible conjunctival inflammation. These effects were attenuated in both a global FcεRIa-knockout mice and after sensory neuronal-specific FcεRIa-knockdown in the mouse trigeminal ganglion. In an ovalbumin (OVA) induced murine ACJ model, FcεRIα was found upregulated in conjunctiva-innervating CGRP+ sensory neurons. Sensory neuronal-specific knockdown of FcεRIa significantly alleviated ocular itch in the ACJ mice without affecting the immune cell infiltration and mast cell activation in conjunctiva. Although FcεRIα mRNA expression was not increased by IgE in dissociated trigeminal ganglion neurons, FcεRIα protein level was enhanced by IgE in a cycloheximide-resistance manner, with concordant enhancement of neuronal responses to IgE-IC. In addition, incremental sensitization gradually enhanced the expression of FcεRIα in small-sized trigeminal neurons and aggravated OVA induced ocular itch. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that FcεRIα in pruriceptive neurons directly mediates IgE-IC evoked itch and plays an important role in ocular itch in a mouse model of ACJ. These findings reveal another axis of neuroimmune interaction in allergic itch condition independent to the classical IgE-mast cell pathway, and might suggest novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pruritus in ACJ and other immune-related disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02417-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yehong Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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Kishimoto T, Ishida W, Nakajima I, Taguchi O, Sugioka K, Kusaka S, Fukuda K. Promotion of conjunctival fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction by mast cells through up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase release and activation. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:108980. [PMID: 35150735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells and conjunctival fibroblasts contribute to conjunctival wound healing and allergic ocular inflammation. The number of mast cells in the conjunctiva is increased in individuals with cicatricial fibrosis-causing ocular surface diseases and after glaucoma filtering surgery, suggesting that these cells may contribute to the scarring observed after such surgery. We studied the potential mechanism of fibroblast-mast cell interaction in the healing of conjunctival wounds using a three-dimensional collagen gel culture system. We found that mast cells derived from the bone marrow of mice embedded in a collagen gel did not induce gel contraction. However, an increase in mast cells was associated with increased collagen gel contraction mediated by mouse conjunctival fibroblasts. The extent of collagen degradation was not affected by the co-culture of mast cells and conjunctival fibroblasts. Gelatin zymography disclosed that mast cells increased the amounts of both the pro form of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and the active form of MMP-2 in supernatants of conjunctival fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, the potentiating effect of mast cells on contraction of the collagen gel through conjunctival fibroblasts was attenuated by the addition of a synthetic MMP inhibitor. Thus, current results suggest that mast cells accelerate the conjunctival fibroblast-dependent contraction of collagen gel by increasing the release as well as activation of MMPs. Therefore, the interaction between mast cells and conjunctival fibroblasts may contribute to conjunctival scar formation after glaucoma filtering surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Waka Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Isana Nakajima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Osamu Taguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koji Sugioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma City, Nara, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan.
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Ishida W, Kishimoto T, Takaiwa F, Fukuda K. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Oral Immunotherapy on Birch Pollen-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis in Mice with a Rice-Based Edible Vaccine Expressing a Hypoallergenic Birch Pollen Allergen. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123361. [PMID: 34943868 PMCID: PMC8699710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the oral administration of transgenic rice seeds expressing a hypoallergenic Bet v 1 derivative of allergic birch pollen conjunctivitis in mice. Transgenic rice seed depositing a chimeric molecule called TPC7 (tree pollen chimera 7) created by DNA shuffling of Bet v 1 family sequences from birch, alder and hazel in protein bodies of endosperm was generated. BALB/c mice were sensitized to birch pollen in alum and challenged with pollen in eyedrops. They were fed TPC7 transgenic or non-transgenic (control) rice seeds for 14 d before sensitization (prophylactic protocol) or 17 d after sensitization (therapeutic protocol). The clinical score and number of conjunctival eosinophils were significantly lower in TPC7-fed mice than in the control mice based on both the prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. Serum concentration of allergen-specific IgE did not differ between TPC7-fed and control groups in either protocol. Prophylactic administration of TPC7 downregulated the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ, whereas therapeutic administration of TPC7 upregulated the production of IFN-γ by allergen-stimulated splenocytes. Prophylactic or therapeutic oral administration of transgenic rice expressing TPC7 suppressed birch pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis in mice. Feeding transgenic rice is a potentially effective approach as an allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waka Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuma Kishimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan;
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; (W.I.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88880-2391
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7
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Comparison of structural components and functional mechanisms within the skin vs. the conjunctival surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:472-479. [PMID: 34387279 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight and compare the structural and functional differences between the ocular surface and the skin. The goal is to further understand how these components interact from an immunobiological standpoint, which may inform future therapeutic uses. RECENT FINDINGS Treatment agents, such as Dupilumab and Apremilast are traditionally indicated for integumentary conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively. Both were also found to have potent effects on the conjunctival surface and ocular glands, which may be attributed to the similarities in structure. SUMMARY Surfaces of the eyes and the skin are found to have similar composition in terms of immunohistology, steroidogenic properties, and allergic mechanisms. These translate directly into both the adverse effects and therapeutic benefits that overlap when treating these surfaces.
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8
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Kang MS, Lee J, Park SH, Yu HS, Lee JE. Development of allergic conjunctivitis induced by Acanthamoeba excretory-secretory protein and the effect of resolvin D1 on treatment. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1792-1799. [PMID: 34029500 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1934878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether allergic conjunctivitis (AC) could be induced by Acanthamoeba excretory-secretory protein (ESP) and analyze the therapeutic effect of resolvin (Rv) D1 and antiallergic agents. METHODS Human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCVCs) were treated with 10 µg/well of ESP, and Th2 cytokines were measured using real-time PCR. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 10 µg/5 µL of ESP after sensitization, and conjunctivas isolated from the mice were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the analysis of eosinophils and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for the analysis of goblet cells. Cytokine levels in the eye-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and spleens were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, the treatment effects of RvD1 and the antiallergic agents (olopatadine, bepotastine, and alcaftadine) on the HCVCs, mouse conjunctivas, dLNs, and spleens were assessed. RESULTS Th2 cytokines were increased in the ESP-treated conjunctival cells. Mouse conjunctivas treated with ESP showed significant infiltration of eosinophils and goblet cells, and the dLN and spleen exhibited increased IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels. All findings were significantly decreased upon treatment with RvD1 and the antiallergic agents. CONCLUSIONS Acanthamoeba could be used to establish an animal model of AC, which could be effectively treated with RvD1 or topical antiallergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seung Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jongsoo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Medical Research Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Corrêa MP, Areias LL, Correia-Silva RD, D’Ávila SCGP, Leopoldino AM, Greco KV, Gil CD. The Role of Galectin-9 as Mediator of Atopic Dermatitis: Effect on Keratinocytes. Cells 2021; 10:947. [PMID: 33923930 PMCID: PMC8073283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with a variety of biological functions related to immune response. However, in allergic diseases, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. This study evaluates the expression pattern of Gal-9 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice, as well as its effect on human keratinocytes. The skin of OVA-immunized BALB/c mice was challenged with drops containing OVA on days 11, 14-18, and 21-24. HaCaT cells were cultured in the following experimental conditions: control (growth medium only) or stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, or IL-4, or IL-17 with or without Gal-9 treatment. AD was characterized by increased levels of Gal-9 in mouse and human skin, especially in the epidermis, and with a marked influx of Gal-9 positive eosinophils and mast cells compared to the control group. Gal-9 showed an immunomodulatory effect on keratinocytes by decreasing the release of IL-6 by IL-4-stimulated keratinocytes or increasing the IL-6 and RANTES levels by IL-17- or TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated cells, respectively. Under IL-17, Gal-9 treatment also altered the proliferation rate of cells. Overall, increased levels of Gal-9 in AD skin contribute to the control of inflammatory response and the proliferative process of keratinocytes, suggesting this lectin as a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mab P. Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
| | - Libnah L. Areias
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Rebeca D. Correia-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Solange C. G. P. D’Ávila
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Forense, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Andréia M. Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil;
| | - Karin V. Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London HA13UJ, UK;
| | - Cristiane D. Gil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
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10
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Rodrigues J, Kuruvilla ME, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Patel N, Hom MM, Wallace DV. The spectrum of allergic ocular diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:240-254. [PMID: 33276116 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiologic mechanisms, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the various manifestations of ocular allergy, with an especial focus on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated disease. DATA SOURCES A PubMed search was performed to include articles, using the search terms ocular allergy and allergic conjunctivitis. STUDY SELECTIONS Recent and relevant human studies in the English language pertaining to our topic of study were selected. Animal studies pertaining to pathophysiology of ocular allergy were also reviewed. We focused on clinical trials, practice guidelines, reviews, and systematic reviews. In addition, case reports were reviewed if they described rare clinical presentations, disease mechanisms, or novel therapies. RESULTS Ocular allergy encompasses both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disease, and the clinical severity may range from mild to sight-threatening inflammation. A comprehensive treatment regimen including education, lifestyle measures, topical therapies, and even systemic interventions may be necessary for the effective management of ocular allergies, tailored according to symptom severity. CONCLUSION Ocular allergy is frequently encountered by allergists and eye-care specialists, and despite progressively increasing incidence, it often remains underdiagnosed and, hence, untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rodrigues
- Allergy & Immunology, Sanford Health, Bismarck, North Dakota; Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
| | - Merin E Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristine Vanijcharoenkarn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nikki Patel
- Allergy & Immunology, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | | | - Dana V Wallace
- Allergy and Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida
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11
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Reyes NJ, Yu C, Mathew R, Kunnen CM, Kalnitsky J, Redfern RL, Leonardi A, Perez VL, MacLeod AS, Gupta PK, Saban DR. Neutrophils cause obstruction of eyelid sebaceous glands in inflammatory eye disease in mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/451/eaas9164. [PMID: 30045980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aas9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meibomian glands (MGs) are sebaceous glands of the eyelid margin that secrete lipids needed to avert tear evaporation and to help maintain ocular surface homeostasis. Obstruction of MGs or other forms of MG dysfunction can promote chronic diseases of the ocular surface. Although chronic eyelid inflammation, such as allergic eye disease, is an associated risk factor for obstructive MG dysfunction, it is not clear whether inflammatory processes contribute to the pathophysiology of MG obstruction. We show that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) promoted MG obstruction in a chronic inflammatory model of allergic eye disease in mice. Analysis of leukocytes in tears of patients with MG dysfunction showed an increase in PMN numbers compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, PMN numbers in tears positively correlated with clinical severity of MG dysfunction. Our findings point to a role for PMNs in the pathogenesis and progression of MG dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Reyes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolina M Kunnen
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel L Redfern
- College of Optometry, The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Preeya K Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Mello-Bosnic C, Gimenes AD, Oliani SM, Gil CD. Treatment with galectin-1 eye drops regulates mast cell degranulation and attenuates the severity of conjunctivitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:124-130. [PMID: 29859836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein with diverse biological activities in the pathogenesis of inflammation, however the mechanisms by which Gal-1 modulates cellular responses in allergic inflammatory processes have not been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Gal-1 eye drops in an experimental model of conjunctivitis. Wistar rats received a topical application of compound (C)48/80 (100 mg/ml) into right eyes and a drop of vehicle into the contralateral eye. Another group of rats received Gal-1 (0.3 or 3 μg/eye) or sodium cromoglycate (SCG; 40 mg/ml) in both eyes and, after 15 min, right eye was challenged with C48/80. Conjunctivitis-induced by C48/80 was characterized by severe eyelid oedema and tearing, but clinical signs were ameliorated by eye drop doses of both Gal-1 (0.3/3 μg) and SCG. As expected, an increased proportion of degranulated mast cells (62%, P < 0.01) and lower histamine levels were observed after 6 h of C48/80 challenge, compared to control (32%). This effect was abrogated by Gal-1 and SCG, which reduced mast cell degranulation (31-36%), eosinophil migration and eosinophil peroxidase levels in the eyes. Gal-1 (3 μg) and SCG treatments also decreased IL-4 levels, as well as activation of mitogen activated protein kinases compared to untreated C48/80 eyes. Our findings suggest that Gal-1 eye drops represent a new therapeutic strategy for ocular allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mello-Bosnic
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dantas Gimenes
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Andrade FEC, Corrêa MP, Gimenes AD, dos Santos MS, Campos M, Chammas R, Gomes JÁP, Gil CD. Galectin-3: role in ocular allergy and potential as a predictive biomarker. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo evaluate galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside binding protein, as a possible biomarker in ocular allergy and further investigated the role of endogenous Gal-3 in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic conjunctivitis (AC).MethodsConjunctival impression cytology specimens from control and patients with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis, treated or untreated, were used to evaluate Gal-3 expression by immunocytochemistry. To investigate the mechanism of action of Gal-3, OVA-immunised BALB/c male wild-type (WT) and Gal-3 null (Gal-3-/-) mice were challenged with eye drops containing OVA on days 14–16 with a subset of animals pretreated with 0.03% tacrolimus (TC) or dexamethasone (Dex).ResultsPatients with AC and OVA-sensitised WT mice exhibited increased levels of Gal-3 in the conjunctiva compared with control, an effect reverted by the action of Dex and TC therapy. Twenty-four hours after the final OVA challenge, total and anti-OVA IgE levels increased significantly in the blood of OVA-sensitised WT and Gal-3-/- mice compared with controls, supporting the efficacy of the AC model. The lack of endogenous Gal-3 exacerbated the local inflammatory response, increasing the influx of eosinophils and mast cell activation. Additionally, OVA-sensitised Gal-3-/- animals exhibited increased CD4+ expression in the eyes as well as eotaxin, IL-4, IL-13 and interferon-γ levels in the tear fluid compared with WT animals.ConclusionGal-3 contributes to the pathogenesis of ocular allergy and represents a relevant therapeutic target.
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Rambasek T, Bielory L. Clinical implications of mast cell involvement in allergic conjunctivitis. Allergy 2018; 73:528-539. [PMID: 29105783 DOI: 10.1111/all.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The conjunctiva is a common site for the allergic inflammatory response due to it being highly vascularized, having constant exposure to environmental pollutants and allergenic pollens and having a unique conjunctival associated lymphoid tissue. The primary morbidity of anterior surface conjunctival disorders that include allergic conjunctivitis and tear film disorders is associated with its high frequency of involvement rather than its severity, although the more chronic forms can involve the cornea and lead to sight-threatening conditions. Ocular allergy is associated with IgE-mediated mast cell activation in conjunctival tissue leading to the release of preformed mediators including histamine and proteases and subsequent de novo formation of lipid-derived mediators and cytokines that trigger a cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to extensive migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells to the ocular surface. The trafficking of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes to the ocular surface is due to establishing various chemokine gradients (mainly CCL11, CCL24, CCL5, MCP-3, and MCP-4), cell surface expression of adhesion molecules (such as VCAM-1 the ligand for VLA-4), and leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. The release of preformed mediators underlies the acute ocular surface response while the secondary influx of inflammatory cells leading to the recruitment and activation of eosinophils and the subsequent activation of Th2 and Th1 lymphocytes at the level of the conjunctiva reflects the late-phase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - T. Rambasek
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine; Athens OH USA
| | - L. Bielory
- Rutgers University Center for Environmental Prediction; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Thomas Jefferson University The Sidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia; Philadelphia PA USA
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15
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Expression of IL-33 in ocular surface epithelium induces atopic keratoconjunctivitis with activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10053. [PMID: 28855579 PMCID: PMC5577277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In a transgenic mouse line hK14mIL33tg, with the expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) driven by a keratin 14 promoter, keratoconjunctivitis developed spontaneously between 18 and 22 weeks of age under specific-pathogen-free conditions. These mice showed blepharitis and corneal impairments, and the histology revealed epithelial thickening in the conjunctiva and the cornea with infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. IL-5, IL-13 and CCL11 were abundant in lacrimal fluid in the mice, and the gene expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, Prg2 and Mmcp8 were significantly increased in the cornea. Furthermore, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) producing IL-5 and IL-13 were markedly increased in the cornea. These phenotypes closely resemble human atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). The characteristic ocular phenotype in these mice strongly suggests that IL-33 is crucial for the development of AKC. The mouse line may be useful as a novel model for research and development of therapeutic strategies for AKC.
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16
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Lee H, Kim EK, Kim HY, Kim TI. Effects of Exposure to Ozone on the Ocular Surface in an Experimental Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169209. [PMID: 28046113 PMCID: PMC5207719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous findings that ozone can induce an inflammatory response in the ocular surface of an animal model and in cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells, we investigated whether exposure to ozone exacerbates symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. We evaluated the effects of exposure to ozone on conjunctival chemosis, conjunctival injection, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining scores, production of inflammatory cytokines in tears, and aqueous tear production in a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis. To validate our in vivo results, we used interleukin (IL)-1α-pretreated conjunctival epithelial cells as an in vitro substitute for the mouse model. We evaluated whether exposure to ozone increased the inflammatory response and altered oxidative status and mitochondrial function in IL-1α-pretreated conjunctival epithelial cells. In the in vivo study, ozone induced increases in conjunctival chemosis, conjunctival injection, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining scores, and production of inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by a decrease in tear volume. In the in vitro study, exposure to ozone led to additional increases in IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels, which were already induced by treatment with IL-1α. Ozone did not induce any changes in cell viability. Pretreatment with IL-1α increased the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, and exposure to ozone led to additional increments in the expression of this antioxidant enzyme. Ozone did not induce any changes in mitochondrial activity or expression of mitochondrial enzymes and proteins related to mitochondrial function, with the exception of phosphor-mammalian target of rapamycin. Treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole, a free radical scavenger, attenuated the ozone-induced increases in IL-6 expression in IL-1α-pretreated conjunctival epithelial cells. Therefore, we conclude that exposure to ozone exacerbates the detrimental effects on the integrity of the ocular surface caused by conjunctival allergic reactions, and further increases the inflammatory response in IL-1α-pretreated conjunctival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-im Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Kuo CH, Collins AM, Boettner DR, Yang Y, Ono SJ. Role of CCL7 in Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions in Murine Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:645-656. [PMID: 27956527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that are necessary for ocular hypersensitivity reactions include the receptors CCR1 and CCR3; CCL7 is a ligand for these receptors. Therefore, we explored the role of CCL7 in mast cell activity and motility in vitro and investigated the requirement for CCL7 in a murine model of IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis. For mast cells treated with IgE and Ag, the presence of CCL7 synergistically enhanced degranulation and calcium influx. CCL7 also induced chemotaxis in mast cells. CCL7-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells showed decreased degranulation following IgE and Ag treatment compared with wild-type bone marrow-derived mast cells, but there was no difference in degranulation when cells were activated via an IgE-independent pathway. In vivo, CCL7 was upregulated in conjunctival tissue during an OVA-induced allergic response. Notably, the early-phase clinical symptoms in the conjunctiva after OVA challenge were significantly higher in OVA-sensitized wild-type mice than in control challenged wild-type mice; the increase was suppressed in CCL7-deficient mice. In the OVA-induced allergic response, the numbers of conjunctival mast cells were lower in CCL7-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate that CCL7 is required for maximal OVA-induced ocular anaphylaxis, mast cell recruitment in vivo, and maximal FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation in vitro. A better understanding of the role of CCL7 in mediating ocular hypersensitivity reactions will provide insights into mast cell function and novel treatments for allergic ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hui Kuo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Douglas R Boettner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - YanFen Yang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Santa J Ono
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and .,University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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18
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Tsuji K, Fukuda K, Fukushima A. Inhibition by Tranilast of the Synergistic Induction of Degranulation and IL-13 Expression by IL-33 and FcɛRI Cross-linking in Mast Cells. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 25:841-843. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1184285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tsuji
- Research Village Kyoto, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kizugawa City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Atsuki Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
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Ghasemi H, Mostafaie A, Yaraee R, Hassan ZM, Rezaei A, Mahmoudi M, Faghihzadeh S, Soroush MR, Ardestani SK, Babaei M, Jalali-Nadoushan M, Khamesipour A, Ghassemi-Broumand M, Ghazanfari T. Association of serum immunoglobulins levels and eye injuries in sulfur mustard exposed: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:944-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful treatment of allergic eye disease depends on understanding the pathophysiology of ocular allergy. Thus, in this review, recent experimental and clinical research that has provided significant information about the immunopathology of allergic eye disease will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, role of various cells, cytokines and chemokines has been scrutinized in the immunopathogenesis of ocular allergy. In this respect, current research highlights contribution of special molecules and cells in the development and clinical features of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T-cell-mediated eye allergies. SUMMARY Recent findings in molecular immunology of ocular allergy, which comprise complex inflammatory conditions of the conjunctiva, have enabled us to better understand the pathophysiology of these diseases and have aided in the potential development of new therapeutic agents.
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Saban DR, Calder V, Kuo CH, Reyes NJ, Dartt DA, Ono SJ, Niederkorn JY. New twists to an old story: novel concepts in the pathogenesis of allergic eye disease. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:317-30. [PMID: 23281793 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.747617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergy is rising globally at a very significant rate, which is currently at 20-40% of individuals in westernized nations. In the eye, allergic conditions can take on the acute form such as in seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, or a more severe and debilitating chronic form such as in vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Indeed, some key aspects of allergic eye disease pathophysiology are understood, such as the role of mast cells in the acute allergic reaction, and the contribution of eosinophils in late-onset and chronic allergy. However, recent developments in animal models and clinical studies have uncovered new and important roles for previously underappreciated players, including chemokine receptors on ocular surface dendritic cells such as CCR7, the contribution of conjunctival epithelium to immunity, histamine and leukotriene receptors on conjunctival goblet cells and a role for mast cells in late-onset manifestations. Furthermore, recent work in animal models has delineated the contribution of IL-4 in the increased incidence of corneal graft rejection in hosts with allergic conjunctivitis. Recent studies such as these mean that conventional paradigms and concepts should be revisited. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the most recent advances and insights on newly appreciated players in the pathogenesis of allergic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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22
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Yamaguchi T, Tashiro K, Tanaka S, Katayama S, Ishida W, Fukuda K, Fukushima A, Araki R, Abe M, Mizuguchi H, Kawabata K. Two-step differentiation of mast cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:726-34. [PMID: 23045993 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. They are generally classified into 2 phenotypically distinct populations: connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) and mucosal-type mast cells (MMCs). The number of mast cells that can be obtained from tissues is limited, making it difficult to study the function of mast cells. Here, we report the generation and characterization of CTMC-like mast cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cell-derived mast cells (iPSMCs) were generated by the OP9 coculture method or embryoid body formation method. The number of Safranin O-positive cells, expression levels of CD81 protein and histidine decarboxylase mRNA, and protease activities were elevated in the iPSMCs differentiated by both methods as compared with those in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Electron microscopic analysis revealed that iPSMCs contained more granules than BMMCs. Degranulation was induced in iPSMCs after stimulation with cationic secretagogues or vancomycin. In addition, iPSMCs had the ability to respond to stimulation with the IgE/antigen complex in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, when iPSMCs generated on OP9 cells were cocultured with Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, protease activities as maturation index were more elevated, demonstrating that mature mast cells were differentiated from iPS cells. iPSMCs can be used as an in vitro model of CTMCs to investigate their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
In developed countries, the prevalence of allergy is on the rise. Although the causes are unknown, it seems that (1) the disappearance of microbiota may play a role in the increase of allergies and (2) exposure to bacterial infections during childhood decreases the incidence of allergies. Although several cell types are involved in the development of allergy, mast cells play a major role in orchestrating inflammation. Upon activation, mast cell secretory granules fuse with the plasma membrane, resulting in the release of a number of inflammatory mediators. In addition to allergy, mast cells contribute to the innate immune response against a variety of bacteria. This is accomplished through the secretion of cytokines and other soluble mediators. Interestingly, there is growing evidence that mast cells exposed to bacteria down-regulate degranulation in response to IgE/Allergen stimulation. This inhibitory effect seems to require direct contact between bacteria and mast cells, but the intracellular mechanism by which bacterial contact suppresses allergic responses is unknown. Here, we review different aspects of mast cell physiology and discuss hypotheses as to how bacteria may influence mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wesolowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 223 South 10th Street, Bluemle Life Science Building Room 750, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Schlereth S, Lee HS, Khandelwal P, Saban DR. Blocking CCR7 at the ocular surface impairs the pathogenic contribution of dendritic cells in allergic conjunctivitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2351-60. [PMID: 22507838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CCR7 plays a key role in mobilizing tissue dendritic cells (DCs) to the lymphoid compartment for consequent elicitation of adaptive immunity. Interfering with CCR7 function therapeutically would therefore be anticipated to inhibit the progression of atopic conditions, for example, allergic conjunctivitis (AC). However, the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 system in the ocular surface is poorly understood as is the precise role of DCs in AC immunopathogenesis. T cells from ovalbumin (OVA)-primed mice were adoptively transferred into wild-type (WT) hosts. Exogenous WT (eGFP(+)) versus CCR7(-/-) DCs were engrafted subconjunctivally (SCJ), and hosts were challenged with OVA (Texas-Red+) eye drops. AC immunopathogenesis was evaluated via clinical examinations, infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils, Th2 reactivity, and serum IgE levels. AC was also assessed in actively immunized mice challenged with OVA eye drops containing 1% anti-CCR7 antibody or isotype control. In eye-draining lymph nodes (LNs), OVA(+) SCJ engrafted WT DCs conferred upregulated CCR7 and caused augmentation of clinical signs. This result was corroborated by increased conjunctival infiltration, Th2 cytokines in LNs, and serum OVA-specific IgE. Strikingly, this was completely reversed with SCJ engrafted CCR7(-/-) DCs in all parameters tested. Furthermore, topical antibody blockade of CCR7 in actively immunized mice significantly inhibited AC. Ocular surface DCs via CCR7 expression contribute to the immunopathogenesis of AC, thereby allowing significant inhibition of this experimental condition via topical CCR7 antibody blockade.
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Sabin BR, Saltoun CA, Avila PC. Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang J, Shi GP. Mast cells and metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1822:14-20. [PMID: 21185370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are critical effectors in the development of allergic diseases and in many immunoglobulin E-mediated immune responses. These cells exert their physiological and pathological activities by releasing granules containing histamine, cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, including mast cell-specific chymase and tryptase. Like macrophages and T lymphocytes, mast cells are inflammatory cells, and they participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular complications and metabolic disorders. Recent observations suggested that mast cells are involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Data from animal models proved the direct participation of mast cells in diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Although the mechanisms by which mast cells participate in these metabolic diseases are not fully understood, established mast cell pathobiology in cardiovascular diseases and effective mast cell inhibitor medications used in pre-formed obesity and diabetes in experimental models offer hope to patients with these common chronic inflammatory diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:511-4. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833f1ba6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Finkelman FD, Boyce JA, Vercelli D, Rothenberg ME. Key advances in mechanisms of asthma, allergy, and immunology in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:312-8. [PMID: 20159240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The year 2009 was marked by rapid progress in understanding cellular and chemical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic disorders. Studies published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology described advances in our knowledge of signaling molecules and pathways, cytokines, and activation and tolerance in asthma and murine models of this disease; food allergy; anaphylaxis and immediate hypersensitivity; mast cells and their disorders; atopic dermatitis; allergic conjunctivitis; nasal polyposis; and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Additional studies provided novel information about the induction and regulation of allergic inflammation and the genetic determinants of asthma and responsiveness to asthma therapy. Critical features of these studies and their potential effect on human atopic disorders are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Finkelman
- Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Sicherer SH, Leung DYM. Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:85-97. [PMID: 20109740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects, as well as advances in allergic skin disease that were reported in the Journal in 2009. Among key epidemiologic observations, several westernized countries report that more than 1% of children have peanut allergy, and there is some evidence that environmental exposure to peanut is a risk factor. The role of regulatory T cells, complement, platelet-activating factor, and effector cells in the development and expression of food allergy were explored in several murine models and human studies. Delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meats appears to be related to IgE binding to the carbohydrate moiety galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, which also has implications for hypersensitivity to murine mAb therapeutics containing this oligosaccharide. Oral immunotherapy studies continue to show promise for the treatment of food allergy, but determining whether the treatment causes tolerance (cure) or temporary desensitization remains to be explored. Increased baseline serum tryptase levels might inform the risk of venom anaphylaxis and might indicate a risk for mast cell disorders in persons who have experienced such episodes. Reduced structural and immune barrier function contribute to local and systemic allergen sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as increased propensity of skin infections in these patients. The use of increased doses of nonsedating antihistamines and potential usefulness of omalizumab for chronic urticaria was highlighted. These exciting advances reported in the Journal can improve patient care today and provide insights on how we can improve the diagnosis and treatment of these allergic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Sicherer
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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