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Jing S, Liu W, Yang K, Lin Y, Yao X, Sun G. The randomized, single- and multiple- ascending dose studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics of CSPCHA115 in healthy Chinese subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:447-458. [PMID: 36495036 PMCID: PMC10014699 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CSPCHA115 is a highly selective and potent antagonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2). This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability of single and multiple ascending doses of CSPCHA115 in Chinese healthy subjects. Two phase I studies both adopted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, and ascending-dose design. In the single ascending dose (SAD) study, subjects were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of CSPCHA115 (25-1000 mg) or a placebo. In the multiple ascending dose (MAD) study, 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg of CSPCHA115 or placebo were given to subjects once daily for 7 days. PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Safety was assessed by monitoring treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, vital signs, and physical examinations throughout the study period. Forty-eight healthy subjects were enrolled in the SAD study, and 40 healthy subjects were in the MAD study. Following single and multiple administrations, CSPCHA115 was rapidly absorbed with a median time to maximum concentration of ~0.5-3.5 h; and the systemic exposure of CSPCHA115 generally increased dose-proportionally within the dose range studied. Steady-state was approximately achieved by day 5, and <1.5-fold accumulation was observed following multiple doses. Mean terminal half-life was ~8.16-16.43 h after a single dose. CSPCHA115 was well-tolerated in both studies, with a low overall incidence of TEAEs. The most common TEAE related to CSPCHA115 was hypertriglyceridemia. No significant safety concerns were identified in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jing
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexu Yang
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekun Yao
- Clinical Science Division, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guilan Sun
- Clinical Science Division, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
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2
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Fujino H. The Biased Activities of Prostanoids and Their Receptors: Review and Beyond. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:684-690. [PMID: 35650096 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of β-arrestin, a new concept/viewpoint has arisen in G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signaling. The Lock and Key concept of GPCR was previously recognized as basically a single- or mono-originated pathway activated from a single receptor. However, the new concept/viewpoint allows for many- or more-than-one-originated pathways activated from a single receptor; namely, biased activities. It is well-recognized that prostanoids exhibit preferences for their corresponding cognate receptors, while promiscuous cross-reactivities have also been reported among endogenous prostanoids and their receptor family. However, of particular interest, such cross-reactivities have led to reports of their physiologically significant roles. Thus, this review discusses and considers that the endogenous prostanoids are not showing random cross-reactivities but what are showing important physiological and pathological activities as biased ligands. Moreover, why and how the biased activities are evoked by endogenous structurally similar prostanoid ligands are discussed. Furthermore, when the biased activities of endogenous prostanoids first arose is also discussed and considered. These biased activities of endogenous prostanoids are also discussed from the perspective that they may provide many benefits and/or disadvantages for all living things, any-where on this planet, who/which are utilizing, had utilized, and will utilize the prostanoids and their receptor system, as a marked driving force for evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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3
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Role of prostaglandin D2 receptors in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:309-321. [PMID: 35132998 PMCID: PMC8891815 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) released from immune cells or other cell types activates its receptors, D prostanoid receptor (DP)1 and 2 (DP1 and DP2), to promote inflammatory responses in allergic and lung diseases. Prostaglandin-mediated inflammation may also contribute to vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the role of DP receptors in the pathogenesis of AAA has not been systematically investigated. In the present study, DP1-deficient mice and pharmacological inhibitors of either DP1 or DP2 were tested in two distinct mouse models of AAA formation: angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and calcium chloride (CaCl2) application. DP1-deficient mice [both heterozygous (DP1+/-) and homozygous (DP1-/-)] were protected against CaCl2-induced AAA formation, in conjunction with decreased matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity and adventitial inflammatory cell infiltration. In the AngII infusion model, DP1+/- mice, but not DP1-/- mice, exhibited reduced AAA formation. Interestingly, compensatory up-regulation of the DP2 receptor was detected in DP1-/- mice in response to AngII infusion, suggesting a potential role for DP2 receptors in AAA. Treatment with selective antagonists of DP1 (laropiprant) or DP2 (fevipiprant) protected against AAA formation, in conjunction with reduced elastin degradation and aortic inflammatory responses. In conclusion, PGD2 signaling contributes to AAA formation in mice, suggesting that antagonists of DP receptors, which have been extensively tested in allergic and lung diseases, may be promising candidates to ameliorate AAA.
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Eicosanoid receptors as therapeutic targets for asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1945-1980. [PMID: 34401905 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids comprise a group of oxidation products of arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids formed by oxygenases and downstream enzymes. The two major pathways for eicosanoid formation are initiated by the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), leading to leukotrienes (LTs) and 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), and cyclooxygenase (COX), leading to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX). A third group (specialized pro-resolving mediators; SPMs), including lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvins (Rvs), are formed by the combined actions of different oxygenases. The actions of the above eicosanoids are mediated by approximately 20 G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in a variety of both detrimental and beneficial effects on airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells that are strongly implicated in asthma pathophysiology. Drugs targeting proinflammatory eicosanoid receptors, including CysLT1, the receptor for LTD4 (montelukast) and TP, the receptor for TXA2 (seratrodast) are currently in use, whereas antagonists of a number of other receptors, including DP2 (PGD2), BLT1 (LTB4), and OXE (5-oxo-ETE) are under investigation. Agonists targeting anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving eicosanoid receptors such as EP2/4 (PGE2), IP (PGI2), ALX/FPR2 (LXA4), and Chemerin1 (RvE1/2) are also being examined. This review summarizes the contributions of eicosanoid receptors to the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential therapeutic benefits of drugs that target these receptors. Because of the multifactorial nature of asthma and the diverse pathways affected by eicosanoid receptors, it will be important to identify subgroups of asthmatics that are likely to respond to any given therapy.
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Nakamura T. The roles of lipid mediators in type I hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:126-131. [PMID: 34294363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate immune reaction that involves IgE-mediated activation of mast cells. Activated mast cells release chemical mediators, such as histamine and lipid mediators, which cause allergic reactions. Recent developments in detection devices have revealed that mast cells simultaneously release a wide variety of lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has revealed that mast cell-derived mediators exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions and positively and negatively regulate the development of allergic inflammation. This review presents the roles of major lipid mediators released from mast cells. Author believes this review will be helpful for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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The pharmacology of the prostaglandin D 2 receptor 2 (DP 2) receptor antagonist, fevipiprant. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 68:102030. [PMID: 33826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fevipiprant is an oral, non-steroidal, highly selective, reversible antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 (DP2) receptor. The DP2 receptor is a mediator of inflammation expressed on the membrane of key inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, basophils and monocytes, as well as airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells. The DP2 receptor pathway regulates the allergic and non-allergic asthma inflammatory cascade and is activated by the binding of prostaglandin D2. Fevipiprant is metabolised by several uridine 5'-diphospho glucuronosyltransferase enzymes to an inactive acyl-glucuronide (AG) metabolite, the only major human metabolite. Both fevipiprant and its AG metabolite are eliminated by urinary excretion; fevipiprant is also possibly cleared by biliary excretion. These parallel elimination pathways suggested a low risk of major drug-drug interactions (DDI), pharmacogenetic or ethnic variability for fevipiprant, which was supported by DDI and clinical studies of fevipiprant. Phase II clinical trials of fevipiprant showed reduction in sputum eosinophilia, as well as improvement in lung function, symptoms and quality of life in patients with asthma. While fevipiprant reached the most advanced state of development to date of an oral DP2 receptor antagonist in a worldwide Phase III clinical trial programme, the demonstrated efficacy did not support further clinical development in asthma.
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Tojima I, Matsumoto K, Kikuoka H, Hara S, Yamamoto S, Shimizu S, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. Evidence for the induction of Th2 inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells in response to prostaglandin D 2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes in allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2019; 74:2417-2426. [PMID: 31267527 DOI: 10.1111/all.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important roles in allergic inflammation. However, their roles in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ILC2s in the inferior nasal turbinate (INT) tissues and the activating mechanisms of ILC2s were examined in patients with house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR. METHODS Eighteen patients with HDM-induced AR and 13 control subjects were recruited. Fresh INT tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed using flow cytometry. Nasal lavage fluids (NLF) were collected at 10 minutes after the nasal provocation test (NPT) with HDM disc, and released mediators were measured by ELISA. Sorted ILC2s were cultured and stimulated with mediators associated with AR. RESULTS The prevalence of ILC2s was significantly increased in nasal mucosa of patients with HDM-induced AR, and it was positively correlated with the number of infiltrating eosinophils. ILC2s in the INT tissues expressed a prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) receptor, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule-expressed TH2 cells (CRTH2) and a cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLTs) receptor, CysLT1. After NPT, the number of eosinophils and concentrations of PGD2 and cysLTs were significantly increased in the NLF from AR patients. PGD2 and cysLTs significantly induced IL-5 production from cultured PBMC-derived ILC2s dose-dependently. PGD2 -induced and cysLTs-induced productions of IL-5 and IL-13 from ILC2s were completely inhibited by ramatroban, a dual CRTH2 and thromboxane receptor antagonist, and montelukast, a CysLT1 antagonist, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PGD2 -CRTH2 and cysLTs-CysLT1 axes may activate tissue-resident ILC2s to produce Th2 cytokines, IL-5 and IL-13, leading to the development of allergic inflammation in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Tojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kikuoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Shiori Hara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan
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Marone G, Galdiero MR, Pecoraro A, Pucino V, Criscuolo G, Triassi M, Varricchi G. Prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonists in allergic disorders: safety, efficacy, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:73-84. [PMID: 30513028 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1555237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major cyclooxygenase mediator that is synthesized by activated human mast cells and other immune cells. The biological effects of PGD2 are mediated by D-prostanoid (DP1), DP2 (CRTH2) and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors that are expressed on several immune and non-immune cells involved in allergic inflammation. PGD2 exerts various proinflammatory effects relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders. Several selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and a small number of DP1 receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of allergic disorders. AREAS COVERED The role of DP2 and DP1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. EXPERT OPINION Head-to-head studies that compare DP1 antagonists with the standard treatment for allergic rhinitis are necessary to verify the role of these novel drugs as mono- or combination therapies. Further clinical trials are necessary to verify whether DP2 antagonists as monotherapies or, more likely, as add-on therapies, will be effective for the treatment of different phenotypes of adult and childhood asthma. Long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of targeted anti-PGD2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,b Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- e William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
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Sala A, Proschak E, Steinhilber D, Rovati GE. Two-pronged approach to anti-inflammatory therapy through the modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Targeting the PGD 2/CRTH2/DP1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma and Allergic Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Drugs 2018; 77:1281-1294. [PMID: 28612233 PMCID: PMC5529497 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) released by degranulating mast cells is believed to play a key role in orchestrating mechanisms of inflammation in allergies and asthma. The biological effects of PGD2 are mediated by D-prostanoid (DP1), CRTH2 (DP2), and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors. The CRTH2 receptor is involved in induction of migration and activation of T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; up-regulation of adhesion molecules; and promotion of pro-inflammatory Th2-type cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, 5, 13), whereas the DP receptor is associated with relaxation of smooth muscles, vasodilation, inhibition of cell migration, and apoptosis of eosinophils. A number of CRTH2/PGD2 receptor antagonists have been investigated in asthma and allergic diseases. The CRTH2 antagonist (OC000459) or dual CRTH2 and TP receptor antagonist (ramatroban) were effective in reducing eosinophilia, nasal mucosal swelling, and clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis, with the latter drug registered for clinical use in this indication. OC000459 and setipiprant reduced the late but not early phase of response in an allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics. In persistent asthma, some molecules induced limited improvement in lung function, quality of life, and asthma symptoms (OC000459, BI671800), but in other trials with AMG 853 and AZ1981 these findings were not confirmed. The clear discrepancy between animal studies and clinical efficacy of CRTH2 antagonism in allergic rhinitis, and lack of efficacy in a general cohort of asthmatics, highlight the issue of patient phenotyping. There is no doubt that the PGD2/CATH2/DP1 pathway plays a key role in allergic inflammation and further studies with selective or combined antagonisms in well defined cohorts of patients are needed.
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Okubo K, Hashiguchi K, Takeda T, Baba K, Kitagoh H, Miho H, Tomomatsu H, Yamaguchi S, Odani M, Yamamotoya H. A randomized controlled phase II clinical trial comparing ONO-4053, a novel DP1 antagonist, with a leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2017; 72:1565-1575. [PMID: 28378369 PMCID: PMC5638107 DOI: 10.1111/all.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) is primarily produced by mast cells and is contributing to the nasal symptoms including nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel PGD2 receptor 1 (DP1) antagonist, ONO-4053, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of patients with SAR. Following a one-week period of placebo run-in, patients who met the study criteria were randomized to either the ONO-4053, leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast, or placebo group for a two-week treatment period. A total of 200 patients were planned to be randomly assigned to receive ONO-4053, pranlukast, or placebo in a 2:2:1 ratio. Nasal and eye symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Both ONO-4053 and pranlukast had higher efficacy than placebo on all nasal and eye symptoms. ONO-4053 outperformed pranlukast in a total of three nasal symptom scores (T3NSS) as well as in individual scores for sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. For T3NSS, the Bayesian posterior probabilities that pranlukast was better than placebo and ONO-4053 was better than pranlukast were 70.0% and 81.6%, respectively, suggesting that ONO-4053 has a higher efficacy compared with pranlukast. There was no safety-related issue in this study. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the efficacy of ONO-4053 was greater than that of pranlukast with a similar safety profile. This study indicates the potential of ONO-4053 for use as a treatment for SAR (JapicCTI-142706).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Okubo
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - K. Hashiguchi
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyFutaba ClinicTokyoJapan
- Medical Corporation ShinanokaiSamoncho ClinicTokyoJapan
| | - T. Takeda
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyTakeda ClinicSaitamaJapan
| | - K. Baba
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyTakasaka ClinicSaitamaJapan
| | - H. Kitagoh
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyKitagoh ClinicKanagawaJapan
| | - H. Miho
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMiho ClinicKanagawaJapan
| | - H. Tomomatsu
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyTomomatsu ClinicTokyoJapan
| | - S. Yamaguchi
- Discovery Research Laboratories IIIOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - M. Odani
- Data ScienceOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - H. Yamamotoya
- Translational ScienceOno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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Peinhaupt M, Sturm EM, Heinemann A. Prostaglandins and Their Receptors in Eosinophil Function and As Therapeutic Targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:104. [PMID: 28770200 PMCID: PMC5515835 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the known prostanoid receptors, human eosinophils express the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptors DP1 [also D-type prostanoid (DP)] and DP2 (also chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule, expressed on Th2 cells), the prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4, and the prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor IP. Prostanoids can bind to either one or multiple receptors, characteristically have a short half-life in vivo, and are quickly degraded into metabolites with altered affinity and specificity for a given receptor subtype. Prostanoid receptors signal mainly through G proteins and naturally activate signal transduction pathways according to the G protein subtype that they preferentially interact with. This can lead to the activation of sometimes opposing signaling pathways. In addition, prostanoid signaling is often cell-type specific and also the combination of expressed receptors can influence the outcome of the prostanoid impulse. Accordingly, it is assumed that eosinophils and their (patho-)physiological functions are governed by a sensitive prostanoid signaling network. In this review, we specifically focus on the functions of PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2 and their receptors on eosinophils. We discuss their significance in allergic and non-allergic diseases and summarize potential targets for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peinhaupt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Nagata N, Iwanari H, Kumagai H, Kusano-Arai O, Ikeda Y, Aritake K, Hamakubo T, Urade Y. Generation and characterization of an antagonistic monoclonal antibody against an extracellular domain of mouse DP2 (CRTH2/GPR44) receptors for prostaglandin D2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175452. [PMID: 28394950 PMCID: PMC5386288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a lipid mediator involved in sleep regulation and inflammation. PGD2 interacts with 2 types of G protein-coupled receptors, DP1 and DP2/CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells)/GPR44 to show a variety of biological effects. DP1 activation leads to Gs-mediated elevation of the intracellular cAMP level, whereas activation of DP2 decreases this level via the Gi pathway; and it also induces G protein-independent, arrestin-mediated cellular responses. Activation of DP2 by PGD2 causes the progression of inflammation via the recruitment of lymphocytes by enhancing the production of Th2-cytokines. Here we developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the extracellular domain of mouse DP2 by immunization of DP2-null mutant mice with DP2-overexpressing BAF3, murine interleukin-3 dependent pro-B cells, to reduce the generation of antibodies against the host cells by immunization of mice. Moreover, we immunized DP2-KO mice to prevent immunological tolerance to mDP2 protein. After cell ELISA, immunocytochemical, and Western blot analyses, we successfully obtained a novel monoclonal antibody, MAb-1D8, that specifically recognized native mouse DP2, but neither human DP2 nor denatured mouse DP2, by binding to a particular 3D receptor conformation formed by the N-terminus and extracellular loop 1, 2, and 3 of DP2. This antibody inhibited the binding of 0.5 nM [3H]PGD2 to mouse DP2 (IC50 = 46.3 ± 18.6 nM), showed antagonistic activity toward 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2-induced inhibition of 300 nM forskolin-activated cAMP production (IC50 = 16.9 ± 2.6 nM), and gave positive results for immunohistochemical staining of DP2-expressing CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes that had accumulated in the kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction model mice. This monoclonal antibody will be very useful for in vitro and in vivo studies on DP2-mediated diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- COS Cells
- Cricetulus
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hybridomas/metabolism
- Immunization
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Ureteral Obstruction/immunology
- Ureteral Obstruction/metabolism
- Ureteral Obstruction/pathology
- beta-Arrestins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Nagata
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YU); (NN)
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aritake
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YU); (NN)
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Calbet M, Andrés M, Armengol C, Bravo M, Eichhorn P, López R, García-González V, Roberts R, Miralpeix M. Pharmacological characterization of CRTh2 antagonist LAS191859: Long receptor residence time translates into long-lasting in vivo efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:208-216. [PMID: 27317944 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type 2 cells (CRTh2) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the leukocytes most closely associated with asthma and allergy like eosinophils, mast cells, Th2-lymphocytes and basophils. At present it is clear that CRTh2 mediates most prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) pro-inflammatory effects and as a result antagonists for this receptor have reached asthma clinical studies showing a trend of lung function improvement. The challenge remains to identify compounds with improved clinical efficacy when administered once a day. Herein we described the pharmacological profile of LAS191859, a novel, potent and selective CRTh2 antagonist. In vitro evidence in GTPγS binding studies indicate that LAS191859 is a CRTh2 antagonist with activity in the low nanomolar range. This potency is also maintained in cellular assays performed with human eosinophils and whole blood. The main differentiation of LAS191859 vs other CRTh2 antagonists is in its receptor binding kinetics. LAS191859 has a residence time half-life of 21h at CRTh2 that translates into a long-lasting in vivo efficacy that is independent of plasma levels. We believe that the strategy behind this compound will allow optimal efficacy and posology for chronic asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calbet
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Andrés
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Armengol
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bravo
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Richard Roberts
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Santini G, Mores N, Malerba M, Mondino C, Macis G, Montuschi P. Investigational prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists for airway inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:639-52. [PMID: 27094922 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By activating DP1 and DP2 receptors on immune and non-immune cells, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a major metabolic product of cyclo-oxygenase pathway released after IgE-mediated mast cell activation, has pro-inflammatory effects, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic airway disease. At least 15 selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and one DP1 receptor antagonist (asapiprant) are under development for asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors cover the pharmacology of PGD2 and PGD2 receptor antagonists and look at the preclinical, phase I and phase II studies with selective DP1 and DP2 receptor antagonists. EXPERT OPINION Future research should aim to develop once daily compounds and increase the drug clinical potency which, apart from OC000459 and ADC-3680, seems to be relatively low. Further research and development of DP2 receptor antagonists is warranted, particularly in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, whose management is a top priority. Pediatric studies, which are not available, are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of this novel drug class in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Studies on the efficacy of DP2 receptor antagonists in various asthma phenotypes including: smokers, obese subjects, early vs late asthma onset, fixed vs reversible airflow limitation, are required for establishing their pharmacotherapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Chiara Mondino
- c Department of Allergology , 'Bellinzona e Valli' Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- d Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
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Effect of the potent and selective DP1 receptor antagonist, asapiprant (S-555739), in animal models of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:15-23. [PMID: 26277322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 elicits responses through either the DP1 and/or DP2 receptor. Experimental evidence suggests that stimulation of the DP1 receptor contributes to allergic responses, such that antagonists are considered to be directed therapies for allergic diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the activity of a novel synthetic DP1 receptor antagonist termed asapiprant (S-555739) for the DP1 receptor and other receptors in vitro, and assess the efficacy of asapiprant in several animal models of allergic diseases. We determined the affinity and selectivity of asapiprant for the DP1 receptor in binding assays. In the animal models of allergic rhinitis, changes in nasal resistance, nasal secretion, and cell infiltration in nasal mucosa were assessed after antigen challenge with and without asapiprant. Similarly, in the animal models of asthma, the effect of antigen challenge with and without asapiprant on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyper-responsiveness, mucin production, and cell infiltration in lung were assessed. In binding studies, asapiprant exhibited high affinity and selectivity for the DP1 receptor. Significant suppression of antigen-induced nasal resistance, nasal secretion, and cell infiltration in nasal mucosa was observed with asapiprant treatment. In addition, treatment with asapiprant suppressed antigen-induced asthmatic responses, airway hyper-responsiveness, and cell infiltration and mucin production in lung. These results show that asapiprant is a potent and selective DP1 receptor antagonist, and exerts suppressive effects in the animal models of allergic diseases. Thus, asapiprant has potential as a novel therapy for allergic airway diseases.
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17
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Géhin M, Strasser DS, Zisowsky J, Farine H, Groenen PM, Dingemanse J, Sidharta PN. A novel CRTH2 antagonist: Single- and multiple-dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACT-453859 in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:787-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Géhin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Daniel S. Strasser
- Department of Translational Science; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Jochen Zisowsky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Hervé Farine
- Department of Translational Science; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Peter M.A. Groenen
- Department of Translational Science; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Patricia N. Sidharta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Allschwil Switzerland
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Medani M, Collins D, Mohan HM, Walsh E, Winter DC, Baird AW. Prostaglandin D2 regulates human colonic ion transport via the DP1 receptor. Life Sci 2014; 122:87-91. [PMID: 25534438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prostaglandin D2 is released by mast cells and is important in allergies. Its role in gastrointestinal function is not clearly defined. This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous PGD2 on ion transport in ex vivo normal human colonic mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mucosal sheets were mounted in Ussing chambers and voltage clamped to zero electric potential. Ion transport was quantified as changes in short-circuit current. In separate experiments epithelial monolayers or colonic crypts, isolated by calcium chelation, were treated with PGD2 and cAMP levels determined by ELISA or calcium levels were determined by fluorimetry. KEY FINDINGS PGD2 caused a sustained, concentration-dependent rise in short-circuit current by increasing chloride secretion (EC50=376nM). This effect of PGD2 is mediated by the DP1 receptor, as the selective DP1 receptor antagonist BW A686C inhibited PGD2-induced but not PGE2-induced rise in short-circuit current. PGD2 also increased intracellular cAMP in isolated colonic crypts with no measurable influence on cytosolic calcium. PGD2 induces chloride secretion in isolated human colonic mucosa in a concentration-dependent manner with concomitant elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP in epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE The involvement of DP2 receptor subtypes has not previously been considered in regulation of ion transport in human intestine. Since inflammatory stimuli may induce production of eicosanoids, selective regulation of these pathways may be pivotal in determining therapeutic strategies and in understanding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Medani
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D Collins
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - H M Mohan
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Walsh
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A W Baird
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Maher SA, Birrell MA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis ED, Bonvini SJ, Grace MS, Belvisi MG. Prostaglandin D2 and the role of the DP1, DP2 and TP receptors in the control of airway reflex events. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:1108-18. [PMID: 25323233 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) causes cough and levels are increased in asthma suggesting that it may contribute to symptoms. Although the prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) is a target for numerous drug discovery programmes little is known about the actions of PGD2 on sensory nerves and cough. We used human and guinea pig bioassays, in vivo electrophysiology and a guinea pig conscious cough model to assess the effect of prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1), DP2 and thromboxane receptor antagonism on PGD2 responses. PGD2 caused cough in a conscious guinea pig model and an increase in calcium in airway jugular ganglia. Using pharmacology and receptor-deficient mice we showed that the DP1 receptor mediates sensory nerve activation in mouse, guinea pig and human vagal afferents. In vivo, PGD2 and a DP1 receptor agonist, but not a DP2 receptor agonist, activated single airway C-fibres. Interestingly, activation of DP2 inhibited sensory nerve firing to capsaicin in vitro and in vivo. The DP1 receptor could be a therapeutic target for symptoms associated with asthma. Where endogenous PGD2 levels are elevated, loss of DP2 receptor-mediated inhibition of sensory nerves may lead to an increase in vagally associated symptoms and the potential for such adverse effects should be investigated in clinical studies with DP2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric D Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan S Grace
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Molecular targets on mast cells and basophils for novel therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:530-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shiraishi Y, Takeda K, Domenico J, Gelfand EW. Role of prostaglandin D2and CRTH2 blockade in early- and late-phase nasal responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:1076-82. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Cell Biology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | - K. Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Cell Biology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | - J. Domenico
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Cell Biology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
| | - E. W. Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Cell Biology; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
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Schmidt JA, Bell FM, Akam E, Marshall C, Dainty IA, Heinemann A, Dougall IG, Bonnert RV, Sargent CA. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1626-38. [PMID: 23146091 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of DP2 as a second receptor for PGD2 has prompted the search for antagonists as potential novel therapies based on the associations between PGD2 and disease. Here we describe the biochemical and pharmacological properties of 4-(acetylamino)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-2-methyl-1H-indole-1-acetic acid (AZD1981), a novel DP2 receptor antagonist. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Binding to DP2 , functional receptor pharmacology and selectivity were studied in both human and animal systems. KEY RESULTS AZD1981 displaced radio-labelled PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 with high potency (pIC50 = 8.4). Binding was reversible, non-competitive and highly selective against a panel of more than 340 other enzymes and receptors, including DP1 (>1000-fold selective). AZD1981 inhibited DP2 -mediated shape change and CD11b up-regulation in human eosinophils, shape change in basophils and chemotaxis of human eosinophils and Th2 cells with similar potency. AZD1981 exhibited good cross-species binding activity against mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and dog DP2 . Evaluation in mouse, rat or rabbit cell systems was not possible as they did not respond to DP2 agonists. Agonist responses were seen in guinea pig and dog, and AZD1981 blocked DP2 -mediated eosinophil shape change. Such responses were more robust in the guinea pig, where AZD1981 also blocked DP2 -dependent eosinophil emigration from bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AZD1981 is a DP2 antagonist that blocks functional responses in eosinophils, Th2 cells and basophils. It exhibited similar potency irrespective of the cell type, DP2 agonist or species used. This selective orally active agent is currently under clinical evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent in respiratory diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Sandham DA, Arnold N, Aschauer H, Bala K, Barker L, Brown L, Brown Z, Budd D, Cox B, Docx C, Dubois G, Duggan N, England K, Everatt B, Furegati M, Hall E, Kalthoff F, King A, Leblanc CJ, Manini J, Meingassner J, Profit R, Schmidt A, Simmons J, Sohal B, Stringer R, Thomas M, Turner KL, Walker C, Watson SJ, Westwick J, Willis J, Williams G, Wilson C. Discovery and characterization of NVP-QAV680, a potent and selective CRTh2 receptor antagonist suitable for clinical testing in allergic diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6582-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Asthma control remains a significant challenge in the pediatric age range in which ongoing loss of lung function in children with persistent asthma has been reported, despite the use of regular preventer therapy. This has important implications for observed mortality and morbidity during adulthood. Over the past decade, there has been an emergence of other treatment adjuncts, such as anti-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-directed therapy, low dose theophylline, and the use of macrolide antibiotics, yet their exact role in asthma management remains unclear, despite omalizumab now being incorporated into several international asthma guidelines. As with many aspects of pediatric care, this is driven by a lack of appropriately designed pediatric trials. Extrapolation of data reported in adult studies may be appropriate for adolescent asthma, but is not for younger age groups, in which important pathophysiological differences exist. Novel drugs under development offer potential for benefit in the future, but to date existing data are in most cases limited to adults. Pediatric asthma also offers unique potential to prevent or modify the underlying pathophysiology. Although attempts to do so have been unsuccessful to date, advances may yet come from this approach, as our understanding about the interaction between genetics, environmental factors, and viral illness improve. This review provides an overview of the newer treatment options available for management of pediatric asthma and discusses the merits of other novel therapies in development, as we search to optimize management and improve future outcomes.
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Labrecque P, Roy SJ, Fréchette L, Iorio-Morin C, Gallant MA, Parent JL. Inverse agonist and pharmacochaperone properties of MK-0524 on the prostanoid DP1 receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65767. [PMID: 23762421 PMCID: PMC3677937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) acts through two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the prostanoid DP receptor and CRTH2 also known as DP1 and DP2, respectively. Several previously characterized GPCR antagonists are now classified as inverse agonists and a number of GPCR ligands are known to display pharmacochaperone activity towards a given receptor. Here, we demonstrate that a DP1 specific antagonist, MK-0524 (also known as laropiprant), decreased basal levels of intracellular cAMP produced by DP1, a Gα(s)-coupled receptor, in HEK293 cells. This reduction in cAMP levels was not altered by pertussis toxin treatment, indicating that MK-0524 did not induce coupling of DP1 to Gα(i/o) proteins and that this ligand is a DP1 inverse agonist. Basal ERK1/2 activation by DP1 was not modulated by MK-0524. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293 cells expressing Flag-tagged DP1 with MK-0524 promoted DP1 cell surface expression time-dependently to reach a maximum increase of 50% compared to control after 24 h. In contrast, PGD₂ induced the internalization of 75% of cell surface DP1 after the same time of stimulation. The increase in DP1 cell surface targeting by MK-0524 was inhibited by Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of transport from the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi to the plasma membrane. Confocal microscopy confirmed that a large population of DP1 remained trapped intracellularly and co-localized with calnexin, an endoplasmic reticulum marker. Redistribution of DP1 from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane was observed following treatment with MK-0524 for 24 h. Furthermore, MK-0524 promoted the interaction between DP1 and the ANKRD13C protein, which we showed previously to display chaperone-like effects towards the receptor. We thus report that MK-0524 is an inverse agonist and a pharmacochaperone of DP1. Our findings may have important implications during therapeutic treatments with MK-0524 and for the development of new molecules targeting DP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Labrecque
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien J. Roy
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Fréchette
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime A. Gallant
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Fajt ML, Gelhaus SL, Freeman B, Uvalle CE, Trudeau JB, Holguin F, Wenzel SE. Prostaglandin D₂ pathway upregulation: relation to asthma severity, control, and TH2 inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1504-12. [PMID: 23506843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid prostaglandin D₂(PGD₂) levels are increased in patients with severe, poorly controlled asthma in association with epithelial mast cells (MCs). PGD₂, which is generated by hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS), acts on 3 G protein-coupled receptors, including chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 lymphocytes (CRTH2) and PGD₂ receptor 1 (DP1). However, much remains to be understood regarding the presence and activation of these pathway elements in asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the expression and activation of PGD₂ pathway elements in bronchoscopically obtained samples from healthy control subjects and asthmatic patients across a range of disease severity and control, as well as in relation to TH2 pathway elements. METHODS Epithelial cells and BAL fluid were evaluated for HPGDS (quantitative real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry [IHC]) and PGD₂ (ELISA/liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) in relation to levels of MC proteases. Expression of the 2 inflammatory cell receptors DP1 and CRTH2 was evaluated on luminal cells. These PGD₂ pathway markers were then compared with asthma severity, level of control, and markers of TH2 inflammation (blood eosinophils and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide). RESULTS Confirming previous results, BAL fluid PGD₂ levels were highest in patients with severe asthma (overall P = .0001). Epithelial cell compartment HPGDS mRNA and IHC values differed among groups (P = .008 and P < .0001, respectively) and correlated with MC protease mRNA. CRTH2 mRNA and IHC values were highest in patients with severe asthma (P = .001 and P = .0001, respectively). Asthma exacerbations, poor asthma control, and TH2 inflammatory markers were associated with higher PGD₂, HPGDS, and CRTH2 levels. CONCLUSION The current study identifies coordinated upregulation of the PGD₂ pathway in patients with severe, poorly controlled, TH2-high asthma despite corticosteroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merritt L Fajt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Busse WW, Wenzel SE, Meltzer EO, Kerwin EM, Liu MC, Zhang N, Chon Y, Budelsky AL, Lin J, Lin SL. Safety and efficacy of the prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist AMG 853 in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:339-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Lamers C, Flesch D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Merk D. Novel prostaglandin receptor modulators: a patent review (2002 – 2012) – part I: non-EP receptor modulators. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 23:47-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.736495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pettipher R, Whittaker M. Update on the development of antagonists of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). From lead optimization to clinical proof-of-concept in asthma and allergic rhinitis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2915-31. [PMID: 22224640 DOI: 10.1021/jm2013997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pettipher
- Oxagen Ltd., 91 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RY, UK.
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30
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Liu JJ, Wang Y, Johnson MG, Li AR, Shen W, Wang X, Su Y, Brown M, Van Lengerich B, Rickel E, Martin T, Budelsky A, Seitz L, Danao J, Tang HL, Collins T, Medina JC. Optimization of phenylacetic acid derivatives for balanced CRTH2 and DP dual antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1686-9. [PMID: 22264478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our first generation CRTH2 and DP dual antagonists, represented by AMG 009, are more potent toward the CRTH2 receptor than to the DP receptor. Here we report our efforts in the discovery of CRTH2 and DP dual antagonists with more balanced potencies to both receptors, such as compound 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jim Liu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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31
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Isidoro-García M, Sanz C, García-Solaesa V, Pascual M, Pescador DB, Lorente F, Dávila I. PTGDR gene in asthma: a functional, genetic, and epigenetic study. Allergy 2011; 66:1553-62. [PMID: 21883277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma affects more than 300 million individuals in the world. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of the genetic component. The aim of this study is to develop a holistic approach, including genetic, epigenetic, and expression analysis to study the Prostaglandin D2 receptor gene (PTGDR) in asthmatic patients. METHODS In this study, 637 Caucasian individuals were included. Genetic variants were characterized by sequencing, and haplotype and diplotype combinations were established. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed with different promoter variants. An epigenetic analysis of PTGDR was for the first time developed by MassArray assays, and gene expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The -197T > C (Fisher's P = 0.028) and -613C > T (Fisher's P < 0.001) polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with allergic asthma and allergy to pollen and mites, respectively. In addition, several haplotype and diplotype combinations were associated with different allergy and asthma phenotypes. The presence of the -613C > T SNP determined variations in the EMSAs. Moreover, consistent differences in the methylation and expression patterns were observed between asthmatic patients and controls determining a 2.34-fold increase of PTGDR gene expression in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Genetic combinations described have functional implications in the PTGDR promoter activity by changing the transcription factors affinity that will help characterize different risk groups. The differences observed in the transcription factors affinity and in the methylation pattern bring insight into different transcription regulation in these patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which the implication of genetic and epigenetic factors of PTGDR has been characterized pointing to putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isidoro-García
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain.
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32
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Bain G, King CD, Brittain J, Hartung JP, Dearmond I, Stearns B, Truong YP, Hutchinson JH, Evans JF, Holme K. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of AM211: a novel and potent antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 receptor type 2. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 52:1482-93. [PMID: 22110163 DOI: 10.1177/0091270011421912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prostaglandin D(2) receptor type 2 (DP2) and its ligand, PGD(2), have been implicated in the development of asthma and other inflammatory diseases. The authors evaluated the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of [2'-(3-benzyl-1-ethyl-ureidomethyl)-6-methoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-acetic acid sodium salt (AM211), a novel and potent DP2 antagonist, in healthy participants. Single and multiple doses of AM211 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of eosinophil shape change in blood with near-complete inhibition observed at trough after dosing 200 mg once daily for 7 days. Maximum plasma concentrations and exposures of AM211 increased in a greater-than-dose-proportional manner after single and multiple dosing. After multiple dosing, the exposures on day 7 were higher than on day 1 with accumulation ratio values ranging from 1.4 to 1.5. Mean terminal half-life values ranged from 14 to 25 hours across the dose range of 100 to 600 mg. AM211 was well tolerated at all doses in both the single- and multiple-dose cohorts. These data support additional clinical studies to evaluate AM211 in asthma and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bain
- Amira Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA.
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33
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Luna-Gomes T, Magalhães KG, Mesquita-Santos FP, Bakker-Abreu I, Samico RF, Molinaro R, Calheiros AS, Diaz BL, Bozza PT, Weller PF, Bandeira-Melo C. Eosinophils as a novel cell source of prostaglandin D2: autocrine role in allergic inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6518-26. [PMID: 22102725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGD(2) is a key mediator of allergic inflammatory diseases that is mainly synthesized by mast cells, which constitutively express high levels of the terminal enzyme involved in PGD(2) synthesis, the hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS). In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils are also able to synthesize, and therefore, supply biologically active PGD(2). PGD(2) synthesis was evaluated within human blood eosinophils, in vitro differentiated mouse eosinophils, and eosinophils infiltrating inflammatory site of mouse allergic reaction. Biological function of eosinophil-derived PGD(2) was studied by employing inhibitors of synthesis and activity. Constitutive expression of H-PGDS was found within nonstimulated human circulating eosinophils. Acute stimulation of human eosinophils with A23187 (0.1-5 μM) evoked PGD(2) synthesis, which was located at the nuclear envelope and was inhibited by pretreatment with HQL-79 (10 μM), a specific H-PGDS inhibitor. Prestimulation of human eosinophils with arachidonic acid (10 μM) or human eotaxin (6 nM) also enhanced HQL-79-sensitive PGD(2) synthesis, which, by acting on membrane-expressed specific receptors (D prostanoid receptors 1 and 2), displayed an autocrine/paracrine ability to trigger leukotriene C(4) synthesis and lipid body biogenesis, hallmark events of eosinophil activation. In vitro differentiated mouse eosinophils also synthesized paracrine/autocrine active PGD(2) in response to arachidonic acid stimulation. In vivo, at late time point of the allergic reaction, infiltrating eosinophils found at the inflammatory site appeared as an auxiliary PGD(2)-synthesizing cell population. Our findings reveal that eosinophils are indeed able to synthesize and secrete PGD(2), hence representing during allergic inflammation an extra cell source of PGD(2), which functions as an autocrine signal for eosinophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Wang Y, Fu Z, Schmitt M, Wang X, Shen W, Rickel E, Martin T, Budelsky A, Marshall D, Collins T, Tang HL, Medina JC, Liu JJ. Optimization of phenylacetic acid derivatives for CRTH2 and DP selective antagonism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:367-70. [PMID: 22119474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that optimization of a series of phenylacetic acid derivatives led to the discovery of CRTH2 and DP dual antagonists, such as AMG 009 and AMG 853. During the optimization process, we discovered that minor structural modifications also afforded potent and selective CRTH2 or DP antagonists. Here we report the structure-activity relationship that led to the discovery of selective CRTH2 antagonists such as 2 and 17, and selective DP antagonists, such as 4 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Wang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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35
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Chen JJ, Budelsky AL. Prostaglandin D₂ receptor CRTH2 antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 50:49-107. [PMID: 21315928 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381290-2.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr. Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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36
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Vosper H. Extended release niacin-laropiprant in patients with hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemias improves clinical parameters. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2011; 5:85-101. [PMID: 22084607 PMCID: PMC3201109 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Plaque formation is an immunological response driven by a number of risk factors, and reduction of risk is the primary goal of treatment. The role of LDL-C is well established and statins have proved effective drugs, although the relative risk reduction is only around 30%. The importance of other factors-notably low HDL-C and high TGs-has become increasingly clear and the search for alternative strategies continues. Niacin is particularly effective in achieving normalization of HDL-C but is clinically underutilized due to the side effect of cutaneous flushing. The discovery that flushing is mediated by mechanisms distinct from the lipid-lowering effects has led to the development of combination drugs with reduced side effects. This review considers the evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of extended-release niacin and the DP1 antagonist laropiprant in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vosper
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, AB10 1FR, Scotland, UK
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37
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Mackay GA, Stewart AG. R2D(2) for C(4)Eo: an 'alliance' of PGD(2) receptors is required for LTC(4) production by human eosinophils. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1671-3. [PMID: 21426314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play important roles in limiting parasitic infection and in allergic inflammation in the asthmatic airways. Activation of eosinophils by diverse stimuli, including prostaglandin D(2) (PD(2) ), leads to leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4) ) synthesis that contributes to the expulsion of parasites and to epithelial injury in allergic inflammation. Mesquita-Santos et al. in this issue of the journal describe a collaboration between the two PGD(2) receptors, DP(1) and DP(2) [also known as CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 lymphocytes)] that is required to trigger LTC(4) synthesis. DP(1) receptors coupled to G(αs) increase adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP/ protein kinase A-dependent formation of lipid bodies, and DP(2) receptors coupled to G(αi) increase calcium. Each of these signals is required for LTC(4) production. These observations lead to consideration of the effects of other stimuli for eosinophil cAMP, such as the β(2) -adrenoceptor agonists, which inhibit rather than enhance LTC(4) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Mackay
- The Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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38
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Woodward DF, Jones RL, Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:471-538. [PMID: 21752876 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now more than 15 years since the molecular structures of the major prostanoid receptors were elucidated. Since then, substantial progress has been achieved with respect to distribution and function, signal transduction mechanisms, and the design of agonists and antagonists (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=58). This review systematically details these advances. More recent developments in prostanoid receptor research are included. The DP(2) receptor, also termed CRTH2, has little structural resemblance to DP(1) and other receptors described in the original prostanoid receptor classification. DP(2) receptors are more closely related to chemoattractant receptors. Prostanoid receptors have also been found to heterodimerize with other prostanoid receptor subtypes and nonprostanoids. This may extend signal transduction pathways and create new ligand recognition sites: prostacyclin/thromboxane A(2) heterodimeric receptors for 8-epi-prostaglandin E(2), wild-type/alternative (alt4) heterodimers for the prostaglandin FP receptor for bimatoprost and the prostamides. It is anticipated that the 15 years of research progress described herein will lead to novel therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Woodward
- Dept. of Biological Sciences RD3-2B, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
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39
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Liu J, Li AR, Wang Y, Johnson MG, Su Y, Shen W, Wang X, Lively S, Brown M, Lai S, Gonzalez Lopez De Turiso F, Xu Q, Van Lengerich B, Schmitt M, Fu Z, Sun Y, Lawlis S, Seitz L, Danao J, Wait J, Ye Q, Tang HL, Grillo M, Collins TL, Sullivan TJ, Medina JC. Discovery of AMG 853, a CRTH2 and DP Dual Antagonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:326-30. [PMID: 24900313 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) plays a key role in mediating allergic reactions seen in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. PGD2 exerts its activity through two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), prostanoid D receptor (DP or DP1), and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2 or DP2). We report the optimization of a series of phenylacetic acid derivatives in an effort to improve the dual activity of AMG 009 against DP and CRTH2. These efforts led to the discovery of AMG 853 (2-(4-(4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-(2-chloro-4-cyclopropylphenyl sulfonamido)phenoxy)-5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid), which is being evaluated in human clinical trials for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Liu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - An-Rong Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingcai Wang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mike G. Johnson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yongli Su
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wang Shen
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sarah Lively
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Brown
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - SuJen Lai
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Qingge Xu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bettina Van Lengerich
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mike Schmitt
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zice Fu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ying Sun
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shanna Lawlis
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lisa Seitz
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jay Danao
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jill Wait
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qiuping Ye
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hua Lucy Tang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Grillo
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tassie L. Collins
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy J. Sullivan
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julio C. Medina
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase improves allergic nasal blockage in guinea pigs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:27-34. [PMID: 21601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that prostaglandin (PG) D(2) is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, whether the inhibition of hematopoietic PGD(2) synthase (H-PGDS) shows beneficial effects on allergic rhinitis has been unclear. We evaluated the effects of a selective H-PGDS inhibitor, TFC-007, on nasal symptoms on Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis of guinea pigs. Sensitized animals were challenged with the pollen once a week. TFC-007 (30mg/kg, p.o.) given once before a challenge almost completely suppressed PGD(2) production in the nasal tissue early and late after the challenge. Although pre-treatment did not affect the incidences of sneezing and early phase nasal blockage, late phase nasal blockage was partially but significantly attenuated; however, nasal eosinophilia was not suppressed. In contrast, when TFC-007 was given once 1.5h after the challenge, the late phase response was not affected. Collectively, PGD(2) produced by H-PGDS early after an antigen challenge can participate in the induction of late phase nasal blockage, although the mechanism may be independent of eosinophil infilatration. The strategy for H-PGDS inhibition may be beneficial for allergic rhinitis therapy.
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41
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 19:58-65. [PMID: 21233627 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32834344aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Wang YH, Schwartz JI, Luo WL, Jumes P, Desai R, Wenning LA, Wagner JA, Lai E. Effects of Multiple Doses of Clarithromycin on the Pharmacokinetics of Laropiprant in Healthy Subjects. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 29:140-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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43
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Mesquita-Santos FP, Bakker-Abreu I, Luna-Gomes T, Bozza PT, Diaz BL, Bandeira-Melo C. Co-operative signalling through DP(1) and DP(2) prostanoid receptors is required to enhance leukotriene C(4) synthesis induced by prostaglandin D(2) in eosinophils. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1674-85. [PMID: 20973774 PMCID: PMC3081113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prostaglandin (PG) D(2) has emerged as a key mediator of allergic inflammatory pathologies and, particularly, PGD(2) induces leukotriene (LT) C(4) secretion from eosinophils. Here, we have characterized how PGD(2) signals to induce LTC(4) synthesis in eosinophils. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antagonists and agonists of DP(1) and DP(2) prostanoid receptors were used in a model of PGD(2) -induced eosinophilic inflammation in vivo and with PGD(2) -stimulated human eosinophils in vitro, to identify PGD(2) receptor(s) mediating LTC(4) secretion. The signalling pathways involved were also investigated. KEY RESULTS In vivo and in vitro assays with receptor antagonists showed that PGD(2) -triggered cysteinyl-LT (cysLT) secretion depends on the activation of both DP(1) and DP(2) receptors. DP(1) and DP(2) receptor agonists elicited cysLTs production only after simultaneous activation of both receptors. In eosinophils, LTC(4) synthesis, but not LTC(4) transport/export, was activated by PGD(2) receptor stimulation, and lipid bodies (lipid droplets) were the intracellular compartments of DP(1) /DP(2) receptor-driven LTC(4) synthesis. Although not sufficient to trigger LTC(4) synthesis by itself, DP(1) receptor activation, signalling through protein kinase A, did activate the biogenesis of eosinophil lipid bodies, a process crucial for PGD(2) -induced LTC(4) synthesis. Similarly, concurrent DP(2) receptor activation used Pertussis toxin-sensitive and calcium-dependent signalling pathways to achieve effective PGD(2) -induced LTC(4) synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on pivotal roles of cysLTs in allergic inflammatory pathogenesis and the collaborative interaction between PGD(2) receptors described here, our data suggest that both DP(1) and DP(2) receptor antagonists might be attractive candidates for anti-allergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Mesquita-Santos
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sabin BR, Saltoun CA, Avila PC. Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In asthmatic lung, allergen challenge leads to the production of large quantities of (prostaglandin D(2)) PGD(2) which both contracts human airway tissue and stimulates an inflammatory response. The identification of PGD(2) as the cognate ligand for a second specific receptor, the DP(2) receptor and the limited inhibition of its pro-inflammatory effects by TP or DP(1) receptor antagonists provide the stimulus to identify, and characterize, selective DP(2) antagonists. This has led to considerable interest in the development of such agents, stimulated by promising initial clinical data. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The 10 DP(2) antagonists reported to be in clinical development are considered in as much detail as possible from available information. Reported preclinical efforts are also considered and contrasted to more advanced agents. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the development of DP(2) antagonists for the treatment of asthma, and knowledge of the companies which are currently actively seeking to develop such agents. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Considerable progress has been made in the development of selective DP(2) antagonists and initial indications are that they could prove a useful new option in the treatment of asthma. More comprehensive clinical results that will shortly become available will further clarify their therapeutic potential and also indicate the possibility of their use in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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46
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Ulven T, Kostenis E. Novel CRTH2 antagonists: a review of patents from 2006 to 2009. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1505-30. [PMID: 20946089 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.525506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The receptor CRTH2 (also known as DP₂) is an important mediator of the inflammatory effects of prostaglandin D₂ and has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target for the treatment of conditions such as asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The validation of CRTH2 as a therapeutic target and the early antagonists are summarized, CRTH2 antagonists published in the patent literature from 2006 to 2009 are comprehensively covered and a general update on the recent progress in the development of CRTH2 antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases is provided. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Insight into the validation of CRTH2 as a therapeutic target, a comprehensive overview of the development of new CRTH2 ligands between 2006 and 2009, and a general overview of the state of the art. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Many diverse potent CRTH2 antagonists are now available, and several are in or on the way into the clinic. It is still early to draw final conclusions, but preliminary results give reason for optimism, and the prospect that we will see new CRTH2 antagonists reaching the market for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and/or COPD seems good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Ulven
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Denmark.
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Gervais FG, Sawyer N, Stocco R, Hamel M, Krawczyk C, Sillaots S, Denis D, Wong E, Wang Z, Gallant M, Abraham WM, Slipetz D, Crackower MA, O'Neill GP. Pharmacological Characterization of MK-7246, a Potent and Selective CRTH2 (Chemoattractant Receptor-Homologous Molecule Expressed on T-Helper Type 2 Cells) Antagonist. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:69-76. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.068585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Reports of suicidality in clinical trials of montelukast. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:691-6.e6. [PMID: 19815114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a number of drugs and drug classes have come under scrutiny by the US Food and Drug Administration regarding suicidality (including suicidal behavior and ideation). OBJECTIVE We sought to perform 2 reviews (requested by the US Food and Drug Administration) of the number of events possibly related to suicidality reported in Merck clinical trials of montelukast. METHODS Method 1 was a descriptive review of clinical adverse experiences (AEs) from 116 studies (double-blind and open-label, adult and pediatric, and single- and multiple-dose studies) completed as of March 2008. Summaries were constructed from investigator-reported AE terms possibly related to suicidality (completed suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation) or self-injurious behavior. Method 2 used a retrospective adjudication of investigator-reported AEs and other events listed in the study database described as possibly suicidality-related adverse events (PSRAEs) in a prespecified set of 41 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials completed as of April 2008. RESULTS No completed suicides were reported in any study. For the descriptive review, 20,131 adults and children received montelukast, 9,287 received placebo, and 8,346 received active control; AEs possibly related to suicidality were rare and were similar between the montelukast and placebo or active-control groups. For the adjudicated review across 22,433 patients, there were 730 adjudicated events. In 9,929 patients taking montelukast, 1 PSRAE was identified (classified as suicidal ideation); none were identified in 7,780 and 4,724 patients taking placebo and active control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Assessed by using 2 complementary methods, there were no reports of completed suicide, and reports of PSRAEs were rare in patients receiving montelukast and similar to those seen in control subjects.
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