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Papadimitriou-Tsantarliotou A, Avgeros C, Konstantinidou M, Vizirianakis IS. Analyzing the role of ferroptosis in ribosome-related bone marrow failure disorders: From pathophysiology to potential pharmacological exploitation. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 39052023 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Within the last decade, the scientific community has witnessed the importance of ferroptosis as a novel cascade of molecular events leading to cellular decisions of death distinct from apoptosis and other known forms of cell death. Notably, such non- apoptotic and iron-dependent regulated cell death has been found to be intricately linked to several physiological processes as well as to the pathogenesis of various diseases. To this end, recent data support the notion that a potential molecular connection between ferroptosis and inherited bone marrow failure (IBMF) in individuals with ribosomopathies may exist. In this review, we suggest that in ribosome-related IBMFs the identified mutations in ribosomal proteins lead to changes in the ribosome composition of the hematopoietic progenitors, changes that seem to affect ribosomal function, thus enhancing the expression of some mRNAs subgroups while reducing the expression of others. These events lead to an imbalance inside the cell as some molecular pathways are promoted while others are inhibited. This disturbance is accompanied by ROS production and lipid peroxidation, while an additional finding in most of them is iron accumulation. Once lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are the two main characteristics of ferroptosis, it is possible that this mechanism plays a key role in the manifestation of IBMF in this type of disease. If this molecular mechanism is further confirmed, new pharmacological targets such as ferroptosis inhibitors that are already exploited for the treatment of other diseases, could be utilized to improve the treatment of ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysostomos Avgeros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Konstantinidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Pello E, Kainulainen L, Vakkilainen M, Klemetti P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Shorter birth length and decreased T-cell production and function predict severe infections in children with non-severe combined immunodeficiency cartilage-hair hypoplasia. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100190. [PMID: 38187867 PMCID: PMC10770609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a syndromic inborn error of immunity caused by variants in the RMRP gene. Disease manifestations vary, and their ability to predict outcome is uncertain. The optimal management of infants with CHH who do not fulfill classical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) criteria is unknown. Objective We described longitudinal changes in lymphocyte counts during childhood and explored correlations of early childhood clinical and laboratory features with clinical outcomes on long-term follow-up of CHH patients. Methods Immunologic laboratory parameters, birth length, the presence of Hirschsprung disease, and severe anemia correlated to the primary end points of respiratory and severe infections. We implemented traditional statistical methods and machine learning techniques. Results Thirty-two children with CHH were followed up for 2.7 to 22.1 years (median, 8.2 years, in total 331.3 patient-years). None of the patients had classical SCID. Median lymphocyte subclass counts, apart from CD16+/56+ cells, were subnormal throughout childhood, but did not show age-related decline seen in healthy children. Low immunoglobulin levels were uncommon and often transient. Respiratory and/or severe infections developed in 14 children, 8 of whom had low naive T-cell counts, absent T-cell receptor excision circles, and/or partial "leaky" SCID-level lymphopenia. Shorter birth length correlated with lower lymphocyte counts and the occurrence of infections. Of the laboratory parameters, decreased naive T-cell counts and abnormal lymphocyte proliferation responses contributed most to the development of severe infections. In addition, all participants with absent T-cell receptor excision circles developed severe infections. Opportunistic infections occurred only in children with leaky SCID-level lymphopenia. Conclusions Shorter birth length and a combination of laboratory abnormalities can predict the development of severe infections in children with CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Pello
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kainulainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Paula Klemetti
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yin H, Chen L, Piao S, Wang Y, Li Z, Lin Y, Tang X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang X. M6A RNA methylation-mediated RMRP stability renders proliferation and progression of non-small cell lung cancer through regulating TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:605-617. [PMID: 34628486 PMCID: PMC9984538 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the highest mortality rate among all malignancies worldwide. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of cancers is a contemporary research hotspot. Based on an integrative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified lncRNA-RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease (RMRP) as one of the most highly upregulated lncRNAs that are associated with poor survival in NSCLC. Furthermore, N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) was highly enriched within RMRP and enhanced its RNA stability. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that RMRP promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In terms of mechanism, RMRP recruited YBX1 to the TGFBR1 promotor region, leading to upregulation of the transcription of TGFBR1. The TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway was also regulated by RMRP. In addition, RMRP promoted the cancer stem cells properties and epithelial mesenchymal transition, which promote the resistance to radiation therapy and cisplatin. Clinical data further confirmed a positive correlation between RMRP and TGFBR1. In short, our work reveals that m6A RNA methylation-mediated RMRP stability renders proliferation and progression of NSCLC through regulating TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Shiqi Piao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xueqing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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Kukkola HL, Utriainen P, Huttunen P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Lymphomas in cartilage-hair hypoplasia – A case series of 16 patients reveals advanced stage DLBCL as the most common form. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004694. [PMID: 36211439 PMCID: PMC9541526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) have an increased risk of malignancy, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma. The characteristics, clinical course, response to therapy and outcome of lymphomas in CHH remains unexplored. Methods We assessed clinical features of lymphoma cases among Finnish patients with CHH. Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital records, the National Medical Databases and Cause-of-Death Registry of Statistics Finland. Results Among the 160 CHH patients, 16 (6 men, 10 women) were diagnosed with lymphoma during 1953-2016. Lymphoma was diagnosed in young adulthood (median age 26.4 years, range from 6.4 to 69.5 years), mostly in advanced stage. The most common lymphoma type was diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (6/16, 38%). Eight patients received chemotherapy (8/16, 50%), and two of them survived. Standard lymphoma chemotherapy regimens were administered in the majority of cases. Altogether, eleven CHH patients died due to lymphomas (11/16, 69%). In almost all surviving lymphoma patients, the diagnosis was made either during routine follow-up or after evaluation for non-specific mild symptoms. Search for CHH-related clinical predictors demonstrated higher prevalence of recurrent respiratory infections, in particular otitis media, and Hirschsprung disease in patients with lymphoma. However, three patients had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency prior to lymphoma diagnosis. Conclusion DLBCL is the most common type of lymphoma in CHH. The outcome is poor probably due to advanced stage of lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Other CHH-related manifestations poorly predicted lymphoma development, implying that all CHH patients should be regularly screened for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Kukkola
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Huttunen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Vakkilainen,
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Bleesing J. Gain-of-function defects in toll-like receptor 8 shed light on the interface between immune system and bone marrow failure disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935321. [PMID: 36119097 PMCID: PMC9479092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we will share lessons that patients with gain-of-function defects in Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8-GOF) can teach us about the interface between bone marrow failure (BMF) disorders and inborn errors of immunity (IEI), subsequently referred to as “Interface Disorders”. TLR8-GOF is a relatively young entity (from a discovery standpoint) that—through both similar and dissimilar disease characteristics—can increase our understanding of interface disorders, for example, as it pertains to pathophysiology, the genetic mechanism of disease, and related diagnostics and therapeutics. From a genetics point of view, TLR8-GOF joins a growing list of (interface) disorders that can cause disease both with germline and somatic (mosaic) genetic variants. This not only has repercussions for the diagnostic workup of these disorders, inasmuch that routine genetic testing may miss somatic variants, but has therapeutic implications as well, for example, with the approach to curative treatment, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Following an introduction and schematic rendering of the interface, we will review the salient features of TLR8-GOF, with the understanding that the phenotype of this new disorder is likely not written in stone yet. In keeping with the principle of “Form Follows Function”, we will discuss specific immunological biomarkers that can be measured in clinical laboratories and highlight key disease features that pertain to TLR8-GOF, and can be found in several interface disorders. As can be seen from a schematic representation, the interface provides not only opportunities for learning and collaboration with respect to shared diagnostics but also the potential for drug repurposing and precision therapeutics. Ideally, collaboration also focuses on education and teaching, such that cross-fertilization and collaboration across these disciplines can create a framework for complementary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jack Bleesing,
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6
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Del Borrello G, Miano M, Micalizzi C, Lupia M, Ceccherini I, Grossi A, Cavalli A, Gustincich S, Rusmini M, Faraci M, Dell'Orso G, Ramenghi U, Mesini A, Ricci E, Schiavone M, Di Iorgi N, Dufour C. Sirolimus Restores Erythropoiesis and Controls Immune Dysregulation in a Child With Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893000. [PMID: 35663969 PMCID: PMC9160192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a syndromic immunodeficiency characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia, cancer predisposition, and varying degrees of anemia. It may present as severe combined immunodeficiency in infancy, or slowly progress until fully manifesting in late adolescence/adulthood. No targeted treatment is currently available, and patients are usually managed with supportive measures, or are offered a bone marrow transplant if the clinical phenotype is severe and a suitable donor is available. We report the case of a young girl presenting with transfusion-dependent erythropoietic failure and immunological features resembling autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome who responded well to empirical sirolimus. She later developed a marked growth delay, which was ultimately attributed to metaphyseal dysplasia. A diagnosis of CHH was reached through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), after a less sensitive genetic diagnostic strategy failed. The patient eventually underwent a haploidentical bone marrow transplant due to progressive combined immunodeficiency manifested as cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. This case illustrates the potential role of sirolimus in correcting anemia and partially controlling the immune aberrations associated with CHH, and serves as a reminder of the invaluable role of WGS in diagnosing patients with complex and atypical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Del Borrello
- Hematology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Concetta Micalizzi
- Hematology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Lupia
- Hematology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Unitá Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Grossi
- Unitá Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Rusmini
- Unitá Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maura Faraci
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Dell'Orso
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Haematology Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Mesini
- Covid Hospital, Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erica Ricci
- Covid Hospital, Unità Operativa di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Natascia Di Iorgi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Hematology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scintifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Robertson N, Shchepachev V, Wright D, Turowski TW, Spanos C, Helwak A, Zamoyska R, Tollervey D. A disease-linked lncRNA mutation in RNase MRP inhibits ribosome synthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:649. [PMID: 35115551 PMCID: PMC8814244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RMRP encodes a non-coding RNA forming the core of the RNase MRP ribonucleoprotein complex. Mutations cause Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia (CHH), characterized by skeletal abnormalities and impaired T cell activation. Yeast RNase MRP cleaves a specific site in the pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) during ribosome synthesis. CRISPR-mediated disruption of RMRP in human cells lines caused growth arrest, with pre-rRNA accumulation. Here, we analyzed disease-relevant primary cells, showing that mutations in RMRP impair mouse T cell activation and delay pre-rRNA processing. Patient-derived human fibroblasts with CHH-linked mutations showed similar pre-rRNA processing delay. Human cells engineered with the most common CHH mutation (70AG in RMRP) show specifically impaired pre-rRNA processing, resulting in reduced mature rRNA and a reduced ratio of cytosolic to mitochondrial ribosomes. Moreover, the 70AG mutation caused a reduction in intact RNase MRP complexes. Together, these results indicate that CHH is a ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nic Robertson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vadim Shchepachev
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Wright
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomasz W Turowski
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aleksandra Helwak
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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8
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Tomomasa D, Sato T, Hasegawa T, Morio T, Kanegane H. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia with T-cell dysfunction. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15080. [PMID: 35278261 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tomomasa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Rispoli F, Valencic E, Girardelli M, Pin A, Tesser A, Piscianz E, Boz V, Faletra F, Severini GM, Taddio A, Tommasini A. Immunity and Genetics at the Revolving Doors of Diagnostics in Primary Immunodeficiencies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:532. [PMID: 33809703 PMCID: PMC8002250 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a large and growing group of disorders commonly associated with recurrent infections. However, nowadays, we know that PIDs often carry with them consequences related to organ or hematologic autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and lymphoproliferation in addition to simple susceptibility to pathogens. Alongside this conceptual development, there has been technical advancement, given by the new but already established diagnostic possibilities offered by new genetic testing (e.g., next-generation sequencing). Nevertheless, there is also the need to understand the large number of gene variants detected with these powerful methods. That means advancing beyond genetic results and resorting to the clinical phenotype and to immunological or alternative molecular tests that allow us to prove the causative role of a genetic variant of uncertain significance and/or better define the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Furthermore, because of the rapid availability of results, laboratory immunoassays are still critical to diagnosing many PIDs, even in screening settings. Fundamental is the integration between different specialties and the development of multidisciplinary and flexible diagnostic workflows. This paper aims to tell these evolving aspects of immunodeficiencies, which are summarized in five key messages, through introducing and exemplifying five clinical cases, focusing on diseases that could benefit targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rispoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Erica Valencic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Martina Girardelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alessia Pin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Tesser
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Valentina Boz
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Department of Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Taddio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
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10
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Hall CM, Liu B, Haworth A, Reed L, Pryce J, Mansour S. Early prenatal presentation of the cartilage-hair hypoplasia / anauxetic dysplasia spectrum of disorders mimicking recurrent thanatophoric dysplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104162. [PMID: 33567347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three sibling fetuses identified with limb shortening and thoracic narrowing at twelve weeks' gestation on first trimester ultrasound examination are presented. The parents were non-consanguineous, Caucasian, healthy, of normal stature and had a healthy normal daughter. The radiographic abnormalities were highly suggestive of thanatophoric dysplasia, but molecular analysis failed to identify a pathogenic variant in FGFR3. The three fetuses were found to have identical compound heterozygous mutations in RMRP in trans, one inherited from the mother and one from the father. This represents the early prenatal presentation and fetal findings of metaphyseal dysplasia type McKusick (Cartilage-hair hypoplasia; CHH)/anauxetic dysplasia spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hall
- St George's, University of London, UK; Emeritus, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Haworth
- Congenica Limited, Biodata Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Reed
- Congenica Limited, Biodata Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Pryce
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- St George's, University of London, UK; SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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11
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Vakkilainen S, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O. Immunodeficiency in cartilage-hair hypoplasia: Pathogenesis, clinical course and management. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12913. [PMID: 32506568 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive syndromic immunodeficiency with skeletal dysplasia, short stature, hypotrichosis, variable degree of immune dysfunction and increased incidence of anaemia, Hirschsprung disease and malignancy. CHH is caused by variants in the RMRP gene, encoding the untranslated RNA molecule of the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease, which participates in for example cell cycle regulation and telomere maintenance. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the complex pathogenesis of CHH. Immune dysfunction has a major impact on clinical course and prognosis. Clinical features of immune dysfunction are highly variable, progressive and include infections, lung disease, immune dysregulation and malignancy. Mortality is increased compared with the general population, due to infections, malignancy and pulmonary disease. Several risk factors for early mortality have been reported in the Finnish CHH cohort and can be used to guide management. Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency can possibly be of prognostic value in CHH. Regular follow-up by a multidisciplinary team should be implemented to address immune dysfunction in all patients with CHH, also in asymptomatic cases. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cure immune dysfunction, but its benefits in mildly symptomatic patients with CHH remain debatable. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind the variability of clinical features, to search for potential molecular treatment targets, to examine and validate risk factors for early mortality outside the Finnish CHH cohort and to develop management guidelines. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical course and management of CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Abnormal Newborn Screening Follow-up for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in an Amish Cohort with Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:321-328. [PMID: 31903518 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive, short limb skeletal dysplasia with a variable immunologic phenotype. The spectrum of immune function ranges from clinically normal to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Multiple studies have shown that abnormal immune parameters may not predict severe outcomes. Newborn screening (NBS) using T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay can now effectively identify infants with severe T cell deficiency who are at risk for SCID. NBS has allowed for cost-effective identification of patients with SCID and improved outcomes with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Ohio reports two abnormal TREC results: decreased and absent TREC. This study evaluated the laboratory and clinical differences in eight Amish patients with CHH with an abnormal TREC result on the NBS. There were four patients with absent TREC and four patients with decreased TREC. The absent TREC patients had lower CD3, CD4, naïve CD4, CD8 cells, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Three patients with absent TREC were diagnosed with SCID and two underwent successful HSCT. Patients with absent TREC experienced more CHH-related morbidity including anemia requiring transfusion, Hirschsprung's disease, and failure to thrive. No patients with decreased TREC required HSCT. Our study indicates that CHH patients with absent TREC tend to have more severe immunological and clinical phenotype than patients with decreased TREC. Confirmation of these trends in a larger group would guide providers and parents in a timely referral for HSCT, or cost-effective surveillance monitoring of children with a life-threatening illness.
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13
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Vakkilainen S, Skoog T, Einarsdottir E, Middleton A, Pekkinen M, Öhman T, Katayama S, Krjutškov K, Kovanen PE, Varjosalo M, Lindqvist A, Kere J, Mäkitie O. The human long non-coding RNA gene RMRP has pleiotropic effects and regulates cell-cycle progression at G2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13758. [PMID: 31551465 PMCID: PMC6760211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RMRP was the first non-coding nuclear RNA gene implicated in a disease. Its mutations cause cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with growth failure, immunodeficiency, and a high risk for malignancies. This study aimed to gain further insight into the role of RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease (RMRP) in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. We combined transcriptome analysis with single-cell analysis using fibroblasts from CHH patients and healthy controls. To directly assess cell cycle progression, we followed CHH fibroblasts by pulse-labeling and time-lapse microscopy. Transcriptome analysis identified 35 significantly upregulated and 130 downregulated genes in CHH fibroblasts. The downregulated genes were significantly connected to the cell cycle. Multiple other pathways, involving regulation of apoptosis, bone and cartilage formation, and lymphocyte function, were also affected, as well as PI3K-Akt signaling. Cell-cycle studies indicated that the CHH cells were delayed specifically in the passage from G2 phase to mitosis. Our findings expand the mechanistic understanding of CHH, indicate possible pathways for therapeutic intervention and add to the limited understanding of the functions of RMRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Middleton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Panu E Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arne Lindqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College, London, UK
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Aresvik DM, Øverland T, Lima K, Pettersen RD, Abrahamsen TG. Lymphocyte Apoptosis and FAS Expression in Patients with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2018; 39:65-74. [PMID: 30569262 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunodeficiency is one of the key features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (del), and it is seen in approximately 75% of the patients. The degree of immunodeficiency varies widely, from no circulating T cells to normal T cell counts. It has been hypothesized that the low number of T cells may at least in part be due to increased apoptosis of T cells. Increased spontaneous T cell apoptosis has been reported in one patient with 22q11.2del, but this has not been further investigated. METHODS A national cohort of patients with a proven heterozygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 diagnosed by FISH or MLPA and a group of age and sex matched controls were studied. Spontaneous and activation-induced apoptosis, in addition to FAS expression on lymphocytes, were measured using flow cytometry. Serum levels of FASL were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS There was no increased spontaneous apoptosis in patients with 22q11.2del. Upon activation, anti-FAS-induced apoptosis was significantly increased in patients compared to those in controls, while there was no difference in activation induced cell death or activated cell autonomous death. We also found a significant increase in expression of FAS on freshly isolated lymphocytes from patients, while there was no difference in serum levels of FASL. Patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) had significantly higher serum levels of FASL compared to non-CHD patients. CONCLUSION We have shown increased FAS expression on lymphocytes from patients with 22q11.2del as well as increased levels of FASL in patients with CHD. Those changes may contribute to the pathophysiology of the 22q11.2del.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Aresvik
- Department of Paediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Torstein Øverland
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Lima
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rolf D Pettersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore G Abrahamsen
- Center for Rare Diseases, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Vakkilainen S, Mäkitie R, Klemetti P, Valta H, Taskinen M, Husebye ES, Mäkitie O. A Wide Spectrum of Autoimmune Manifestations and Other Symptoms Suggesting Immune Dysregulation in Patients With Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2468. [PMID: 30410491 PMCID: PMC6209636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in RMRP, encoding a non-coding RNA molecule, underlie cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a syndromic immunodeficiency with multiple pathogenetic mechanisms and variable phenotype. Allergy and asthma have been reported in the CHH population and some patients suffer from autoimmune (AI) diseases. Objective: We explored AI and allergic manifestations in a large cohort of Finnish patients with CHH and correlated clinical features with laboratory parameters and autoantibodies. Methods: We collected clinical and laboratory data from patient interviews and hospital records. Serum samples were tested for a range of autoantibodies including celiac, anti-cytokine, and anti-21-hydroxylase antibodies. Nasal cytology samples were analyzed with microscopy. Results: The study cohort included 104 patients with genetically confirmed CHH; their median age was 39.2 years (range 0.6–73.6). Clinical autoimmunity was common (11/104, 10.6%) and included conditions previously undescribed in subjects with CHH (narcolepsy, psoriasis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and multifocal motor axonal neuropathy). Patients with autoimmunity more often had recurrent pneumonia, sepsis, high immunoglobulin (Ig) E and/or undetectable IgA levels. The mortality rates were higher in subjects with AI diseases (χ(2)2 = 14.056, p = 0.0002). Several patients demonstrated serum autoantibody positivity without compatible symptoms. We confirmed the high prevalence of asthma (23%) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (39%). Gastrointestinal complaints, mostly persistent diarrhea, were also frequently reported (32/104, 31%). Despite the history of allergic rhinitis, no eosinophils were observed in nasal cytology in five tested patients. Conclusions: AI diseases are common in Finnish patients with CHH and are associated with higher mortality, recurrent pneumonia, sepsis, high IgE and/or undetectable IgA levels. Serum positivity for some autoantibodies was not associated with clinical autoimmunity. The high prevalence of persistent diarrhea, asthma, and symptoms of inflammation of nasal mucosa may indicate common pathways of immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Biggs CM, Kostjukovits S, Dobbs K, Laakso S, Klemetti P, Valta H, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Notarangelo LD. Diverse Autoantibody Reactivity in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:508-510. [PMID: 28631025 PMCID: PMC6104642 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Biggs
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Svetlana Kostjukovits
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 CRC, Room 5-3950, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1456, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 CRC, Room 5-3950, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1456, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Jyonouchi S, Jongco AM, Puck J, Sullivan KE. Immunodeficiencies Associated with Abnormal Newborn Screening for T Cell and B Cell Lymphopenia. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:363-374. [PMID: 28353166 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening for SCID has revealed the association of low T cells with a number of unexpected syndromes associated with low T cells, some of which were not appreciated to have this feature. This review will discuss diagnostic approaches and the features of some of the syndromes likely to be encountered following newborn screening for immune deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Artemio M Jongco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Kostjukovits S, Klemetti P, Valta H, Martelius T, Notarangelo LD, Seppänen M, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O. Analysis of clinical and immunologic phenotype in a large cohort of children and adults with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:612-614.e5. [PMID: 28284971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostjukovits
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Malmi District Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timi Martelius
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Aubert G, Strauss KA, Lansdorp PM, Rider NL. Defects in lymphocyte telomere homeostasis contribute to cellular immune phenotype in patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1120-1129.e1. [PMID: 28126377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the long noncoding RNA RNase component of the mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) give rise to the autosomal recessive condition cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH). The CHH disease phenotype has some overlap with dyskeratosis congenita, a well-known "telomere disorder." RMRP binds the telomerase reverse transcriptase (catalytic subunit) in some cell lines, raising the possibility that RMRP might play a role in telomere biology. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether a telomere phenotype is present in immune cells from patients with CHH and explore mechanisms underlying these observations. METHODS We assessed proliferative capacity and telomere length using flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (in situ hybridization and flow cytometry) of primary lymphocytes from patients with CHH, carrier relatives, and control subjects. The role of telomerase holoenzyme components in gene expression and activity were assessed by using quantitative PCR and the telomere repeat amplification protocol from PBMCs and enriched lymphocyte cultures. RESULTS Lymphocyte cultures from patients with CHH display growth defects in vitro, which is consistent with an immune deficiency cellular phenotype. Here we show that telomere length and telomerase activity are impaired in primary lymphocyte subsets from patients with CHH. Notably, telomerase activity is affected in a gene dose-dependent manner when comparing heterozygote RMRP carriers with patients with CHH. Telomerase deficiency in patients with CHH is not mediated by abnormal telomerase gene transcript levels relative to those of endogenous genes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that telomere deficiency is implicated in the CHH disease phenotype through an as yet unidentified mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; European Research Institute on the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicholas L Rider
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
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20
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Kostjukovits S, Degerman S, Pekkinen M, Klemetti P, Landfors M, Roos G, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O. Decreased telomere length in children with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. J Med Genet 2016; 54:365-370. [PMID: 27986801 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia caused by RMRP (RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease) gene mutations. Manifestations include short stature, variable immunodeficiency, anaemia and increased risk of malignancies, all of which have been described also in telomere biology disorders. RMRP interacts with the telomerase RT (TERT) subunit, but the influence of RMRP mutations on telomere length is unknown. We measured relative telomere length (RTL) in patients with CHH, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls and correlated RTL with clinical and laboratory features. METHODS The study cohort included 48 patients with CHH with homozygous (n=36) or compound heterozygous RMRP mutations (median age 38.2 years, range 6.0-70.8 years), 86 relatives (74 with a heterozygous RMRP mutation) and 94 unrelated healthy controls. We extracted DNA from peripheral blood, sequenced the RMRP gene and measured RTL by qPCR. RESULTS Compared with age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls, median RTL was significantly shorter in patients with CHH (n=40 pairs, 1.05 vs 1.21, p=0.017), but not in mutation carriers (n=48 pairs, 1.16 vs 1.10, p=0.224). RTL correlated significantly with age in RMRP mutation carriers (r=-0.482, p<0.001) and non-carriers (r=-0.498, p<0.001), but not in patients (r=-0.236, p=0.107). In particular children (<18 years) with CHH had shorter telomeres than controls (median RTL 1.12 vs 1.26, p=0.008). In patients with CHH, RTL showed no correlation with genotype, clinical or laboratory characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length was decreased in children with CHH. We found no correlation between RTL and clinical or laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostjukovits
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Kostjukovits S, Klemetti P, Föhr A, Kajosaari M, Valta H, Taskinen M, Toiviainen-Salo S, Mäkitie O. High prevalence of bronchiectasis in patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:375-378. [PMID: 27568079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kostjukovits
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Föhr
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Kajosaari
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Fischer A, Notarangelo LD, Neven B, Cavazzana M, Puck JM. Severe combined immunodeficiencies and related disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015; 1:15061. [PMID: 27189259 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) comprise a group of rare, monogenic diseases that are characterized by an early onset and a profound block in the development of T lymphocytes. Given that adaptive immunity is abrogated, patients with SCID are prone to recurrent infections caused by both non-opportunistic and opportunistic pathogens, leading to early death unless immunity can be restored. Several molecular defects causing SCIDs have been identified, along with many other defects causing profound, albeit incomplete, T cell immunodeficiencies; the latter are referred to as atypical SCIDs or combined immunodeficiencies. The pathophysiology of many of these conditions has now been characterized. Early, accurate and precise diagnosis combined with the ongoing implementation of newborn screening have enabled major advances in the care of infants with SCID, including better outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Gene therapy is also becoming an effective option. Further advances and a progressive extension of the indications for gene therapy can be expected in the future. The assessment of long-term outcomes of patients with SCID is now a major challenge, with a view to evaluating the quality and sustainability of immune restoration, the risks of sequelae and the ability to relieve the non-haematopoietic syndromic manifestations that accompany some of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fischer
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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24
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Powering the immune system: mitochondria in immune function and deficiency. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:164309. [PMID: 25309931 PMCID: PMC4189529 DOI: 10.1155/2014/164309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical subcellular organelles that are required for several metabolic processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, as well as signaling and tissue-specific processes. Current understanding of the role of mitochondria in both the innate and adaptive immune systems is expanding. Concurrently, immunodeficiencies arising from perturbation of mitochondrial elements are increasingly recognized. Recent observations of immune dysfunction and increased incidence of infection in patients with primary mitochondrial disorders further support an important role for mitochondria in the proper function of the immune system. Here we review current findings.
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25
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Kainulainen L, Lassila O, Ruuskanen O. Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: Follow-Up of Immunodeficiency in Two Patients. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:256-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of congenital neutropenia syndromes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13:596-606. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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McCann LJ, McPartland J, Barge D, Strain L, Bourn D, Calonje E, Verbov J, Riordan A, Kokai G, Bacon CM, Wright M, Abinun M. Phenotypic variations of cartilage hair hypoplasia: granulomatous skin inflammation and severe T cell immunodeficiency as initial clinical presentation in otherwise well child with short stature. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:42-8. [PMID: 24217815 PMCID: PMC7086599 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a child with short stature since birth who was otherwise well, presenting at 2.8 years with progressive granulomatous skin lesions when diagnosed with severe T cell immunodeficiency. When previously investigated for short stature, and at the time of current investigations, she had no radiological skeletal features characteristics for cartilage hair hypoplasia, but we found a disease causing RMRP (RNase mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease) gene mutation. Whilst search for HLA matched unrelated donor for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was underway, she developed rapidly progressive EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder requiring laparotomy and small bowel resection, and was treated with anti-B cell monoclonal antibody and eventually curative allogeneic HSCT. Screening for RMRP gene mutations should be part of immunological evaluation of patients with ‘severe and/or combined’ T cell immunodeficiency of unknown origin, especially when associated with short stature and regardless of presence or absence of radiological skeletal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J McCann
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Rogler LE, Kosmyna B, Moskowitz D, Bebawee R, Rahimzadeh J, Kutchko K, Laederach A, Notarangelo LD, Giliani S, Bouhassira E, Frenette P, Roy-Chowdhury J, Rogler CE. Small RNAs derived from lncRNA RNase MRP have gene-silencing activity relevant to human cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:368-82. [PMID: 24009312 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional processing of some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reveals that they are a source of miRNAs. We show that the 268-nt non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease, (RNase MRP), is the source of at least two short (∼20 nt) RNAs designated RMRP-S1 and RMRP-S2, which function as miRNAs. Point mutations in RNase MRP cause human cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), and several disease-causing mutations map to RMRP-S1 and -S2. SHAPE chemical probing identified two alternative secondary structures altered by disease mutations. RMRP-S1 and -S2 are significantly reduced in two fibroblast cell lines and a B-cell line derived from CHH patients. Tests of gene regulatory activity of RMRP-S1 and -S2 identified over 900 genes that were significantly regulated, of which over 75% were down-regulated, and 90% contained target sites with seed complements of RMRP-S1 and -S2 predominantly in their 3' UTRs. Pathway analysis identified regulated genes that function in skeletal development, hair development and hematopoietic cell differentiation including PTCH2 and SOX4 among others, linked to major CHH phenotypes. Also, genes associated with alternative RNA splicing, cell proliferation and differentiation were highly targeted. Therefore, alterations RMRP-S1 and -S2, caused by point mutations in RMRP, are strongly implicated in the molecular mechanism of CHH.
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29
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Boztug K, Klein C. Genetics and Pathophysiology of Severe Congenital Neutropenia Syndromes Unrelated to Neutrophil Elastase. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:43-60, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2011. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:342-8. [PMID: 22206779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of basic immunologic mechanisms and clinical studies of primary immunodeficiencies were most prevalent in 2011. Significant progress was achieved in the characterization of T(H)17 cell differentiation and associated cytokines in the setting of inflammatory disorders, HIV infection, and immunodysregulation disorders. The role of transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) mutations in the pathogenesis of CVID was further described and reported to be likely mediated by impaired TACI expression affecting B-cell function. The frequency of autoimmunity in patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome was estimated at 8.5%, predominantly resulting in blood cytopenias and hypothyroidism. Several reports emphasized the presentation of neoplasias, most often lymphomas, as the first manifestation of several primary immunodeficiencies. Novel strategies for newborn screening of B-cell lymphopenia by measuring immunoglobulin κ chain-deletion recombinant excision circles and for adenosine deaminase deficiency using tandem mass spectrometry were demonstrated to be feasible at a large scale. Progress in the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies included increased success with unrelated HLA-compatible donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the development of new gene therapy approaches with improved safety features. Induced pluripotent stem cells were developed from patients with primary immunodeficiencies, providing a virtually unlimited resource for pathophysiology and gene correction studies. New findings in several of the uncommon immunodeficiencies, such as the increased susceptibility to severe viral infections caused by defects in the activation of the Toll-like receptor 3 pathway, overall contributed to the understanding of their immunologic basis and provided for the design of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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