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PTGDR2 Expression in Peripheral Blood as a Potential Biomarker in Adult Patients with Asthma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090827. [PMID: 34575604 PMCID: PMC8468563 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Precision medicine is a promising strategy to identify biomarkers, stratify asthmatic patients according to different endotypes, and match them with the appropriate therapy. This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate whether gene expression in peripheral blood could provide a valuable noninvasive approach for the molecular phenotyping of asthma. Methods: We performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing on peripheral blood of 30 non-atopic non-asthmatic controls and 30 asthmatic patients. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation study of PTGDR2 that encodes for CRTH2 receptor, expressed in cells involved in T2 inflammation, was developed in a cohort of 361 independent subjects: 94 non-asthmatic non-atopic controls, 187 asthmatic patients [including 82 with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and 24 with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)], 52 with allergic rhinitis, and 28 with CRSwNP without asthma. Results: PTGDR2 was one of the most differentially overexpressed genes in asthmatic patients’ peripheral blood (p-value 2.64 × 106). These results were confirmed by qPCR in the validation study, where PTGDR2 transcripts were significantly upregulated in asthmatic patients (p < 0.001). This upregulation was mainly detected in some subgroups such as allergic asthma, asthma with CRSwNP, AERD, eosinophilic asthma, and severe persistent asthma. PTGDR2 expression was detected in different blood cell types, and its correlation with eosinophil counts showed differences in some groups of asthmatic patients. Conclusions: We found that PTGDR2 expression levels could identify asthma patients, introduce a minimally invasive biomarker for adult asthma molecular phenotyping, and add additional information to blood eosinophils. Although further studies are required, analyzing PTGDR2 expression levels in peripheral blood of asthmatics might assist in selecting patients for treatment with specific antagonists.
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Carle TR, Wu TJ, Wung V, Suh JD, Wang MB, Wells CR, Rossetti M, Lee JT. Assessment of Biomarker Heterogeneity in Sinus Versus Inferior Turbinate Tissue in Patients Without Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:33-40. [PMID: 33910378 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211012808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no consensus exists on the appropriate control specimen site to utilize in studies evaluating for biomarkers in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Studies thus far have utilized tissue from various anatomic sites despite regional heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE We set out to quantify the differences in biomarker levels present in inferior turbinate versus sphenoid sinus mucosa in paired healthy control patients. We hypothesize that statistically significant differences in cytokine/chemokine expression exist between these two distinct sites. METHODS A 38-plex commercially available cytokine/chemokine Luminex Assay was performed on 54 specimens encompassing paired inferior turbinate and sphenoid sinus mucosa samples from 27 patients undergoing endoscopic anterior skull base surgery. Patients with a history of CRS were excluded. Paired sample t-tests and Fisher's exact tests were performed. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were included in the study, including 10 male and 17 female patients with an average age of 48 years. The following 8 biomarkers had statistically significant concentration differences between inferior turbinate mucosa and sphenoid mucosa sites: Flt-3L, Fractalkine, IL-12p40, IL-1Ra, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and VEGF, with all P-values <0.01. CONCLUSION No consensus exists regarding the optimal choice of control specimen for CRS research. We present statistically significant quantitative differences in biomarker levels between paired inferior turbinate and sphenoid mucosa samples. This confirms the presence of heterogeneity between different subsites of sinonasal mucosa and highlights the need for standardization in future CRS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Carle
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara J Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vivian Wung
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine R Wells
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Statistical Consulting Group, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jivianne T Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Predictive significance of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:82. [PMID: 32973910 PMCID: PMC7493848 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) exhibits a poorer outcome compared with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (nonECRSwNP), so it is significant to identify effective markers to differentiate ECRSwNP in guiding the treatment strategies of these patients. Although arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is positioned as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation, its study in differentiating ECRSwNP has not been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of ALOX15 in distinguishing and predicting ECRSwNP. Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), including 30 ECRSwNP and 18 nonECRSwNP patients, were enrolled. ALOX15 mRNA level was determined in polyps by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients’ baseline characteristics were evaluated and analyzed for correlations with ALOX15. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive significance of the potential predictors for ECRSwNP. Results ALOX15 mRNA level was significantly higher in ECRSwNP patients than in nonECRSwNP patients (P < 0.001). ALOX15 mRNA was significantly correlated with tissue and blood eosinophil percentages (r = 0.565, P < 0.001 and r = 0.395, P = 0.006), olfaction scores (r = 0.400, P = 0.005), total visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom scores (r = 0.383, P = 0.007), ethmoid/maxillary sinus (E/M) ratio (r = 0.463, P = 0.001), and endoscopy scores (r = 0.409, P = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed ALOX15 mRNA level and percentage of blood eosinophils to be predictive factors for ECRSwNP (P = 0.004 and P = 0.036, respectively). ROC curve indicated ALOX15 to have high predictive accuracy for ECRSwNP (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.909), which was further improved by combination of ALOX15 with percentage of blood eosinophils (AUC = 0.933). Conclusions The relative ALOX15 mRNA level alone or in combination with blood eosinophils might be a reliable biomarker for predicting a diagnosis of ECRSwNP.
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Rickard K, MacDonald-Berko M, Anolik R, Jain N, La Force C, Wasserman RL. Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in young children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 122:343-345. [PMID: 30476548 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Anolik
- Allergy & Asthma Specialists PC, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
| | - Neal Jain
- Arizona Allergy & Immunology Research, Gilbert, Arizona
| | - Craig La Force
- North Carolina Clinical Research, Raleigh, North Carolina
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5
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Demarche SF, Schleich FN, Paulus VA, Henket MA, Van Hees TJ, Louis RE. Is it possible to claim or refute sputum eosinophils ≥ 3% in asthmatics with sufficient accuracy using biomarkers? Respir Res 2017; 18:133. [PMID: 28673351 PMCID: PMC5496313 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of asthma inflammatory phenotypes has proved to be important in predicting response to inhaled corticosteroids. Induced sputum, which has been pivotal in the development of the concept of inflammatory phenotypes, is however not widely available. Several studies have proposed to use surrogate exhaled or blood biomarkers, like fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), blood eosinophils and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). However, taken alone, each of these biomarkers has moderate accuracy to identify sputum eosinophilia. Here, we propose a new approach based on the likelihood ratio to study which thresholds of these biomarkers, taken alone or in combination, were able to rule in or rule out sputum eosinophils ≥3%. We showed in a large population of 869 asthmatics that combining FENO, blood eosinophils and total serum IgE could accurately predict sputum eosinophils ≥ or <3% in 58% of our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie F Demarche
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Florence N Schleich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Virginie A Paulus
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Monique A Henket
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thierry J Van Hees
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Renaud E Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Liege, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Mass spectrometry as a tool for biomarkers searching in gynecological oncology. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:836-842. [PMID: 28601044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the female reproductive tract are an important target for the development of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent research has turned to proteomics based on mass spectrometry techniques, to achieve more effective diagnostic results. Mass spectrometry (MS) enables identification and quantification of multiple molecules simultaneously in a single experiment according to mass to charge ratio (m/z). Several proteomic strategies may be applied to establish the function of a particular protein/peptide or to identify a novel disease and specific biomarkers related to it. Therefore, MS could facilitate treatment in patients with tumors by helping researchers discover new biomarkers and narrowly targeted drugs. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of mass spectrometry as a tool for biomarkers searching that may lead to the discovery of easily available diagnostic tests in gynecological oncology with emphasis on clinical proteomics over the past decade. The article provides an insight into different MS based proteomic approaches.
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Yao Y, Xie S, Yang C, Zhang J, Wu X, Sun H. Biomarkers in the evaluation and management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:3559-3566. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Power S, Williams M, Semprini A, Munro C, Caswell-Smith R, Pilcher J, Holliday M, Fingleton J, Harper J, Hurst R, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. RCT of the effect of berryfruit polyphenolic cultivar extract in mild steroid-naive asthma: a cross-over, placebo-controlled study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013850. [PMID: 28320793 PMCID: PMC5372143 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is preclinical evidence that consumption of berryfruit extract may reduce chronic airways inflammation and modify airway remodelling in allergen-induced models of lung inflammation. We investigated the effect of berryfruit extract on the fractional expired nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of eosinophilic airways inflammation, in adults with steroid-naïve asthma. DESIGN Randomised placebo-controlled cross-over double-blind trial. SETTING Single-centre community-based trial. PARTICIPANTS 28 steroid-naïve mild asthmatics with Feno >40 ppb, of whom 25 completed both study interventions. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised to receive, according to the cross-over design, 100 mg berryfruit polyphenolic extract (BFPE) or placebo for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout period between the interventions. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome variable was FeNO at 4 weeks, analysed by a mixed linear model, with a random effect for participant and baseline FeNo as a covariate. RESULTS The mean (SD) natural logarithm transformed (ln) FeNO after 4 weeks of treatment for the BFPE and placebo groups was 4.28 (0.47) and 4.22 (0.47), respectively. The paired change from baseline mean (SD) BFPE minus placebo ln FeNO was -0.03 (0.39), N=25. The mixed linear model estimate, with baseline covariate adjustment, difference in ln FeNO, was -0.002 (95% CI -0.15 to 0.14), p=0.98. This is equivalent to a ratio of geometric mean FeNO of 1.0 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.15). CONCLUSIONS In steroid-naïve participants with mild asthma and elevated FeNO, there was no effect of BFPE on FeNO, a biomarker of eosinophilic airways inflammation. Caution is required in the extrapolation of apparent benefit in murine models of lung eosinophilia to clinical efficacy in patients with asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR: 12613000451707; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Power
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mathew Williams
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alex Semprini
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachel Caswell-Smith
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Janine Pilcher
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacquie Harper
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Roger Hurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Irene Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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Caswell-Smith R, Cripps T, Charles T, Hosking A, Handigol M, Holweg C, Matthews J, Holliday M, Maillot C, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Beasley R, Braithwaite I. Day-time variation of serum periostin in asthmatic adults treated with ICS/LABA and adults without asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 13:8. [PMID: 28194189 PMCID: PMC5299725 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the effect of sampling time during the day on serum periostin levels in adult participants with and without asthma. METHODS Serum periostin was measured at 2-h intervals from 0800 to 1800 h in 16 adult participants with stable asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist therapy, and in 16 otherwise healthy participants without asthma. Mixed linear models were used to compare time zero (08:00 h) with subsequent measurement time for serum periostin for both groups. RESULTS In both asthma and non-asthma, the mean (SD) serum periostin levels continuously reduced during the day from 53.5 (13.6) ng/mL at 0800 h to 50.9 (13.4) ng/mL at 1800 h (difference log periostin -0.05, P ≤ 0.001) and 50.5 (13.0) ng/mL at 0800 h to 46.2 (11.5) ng/mL at 1800 h (difference log periostin -0.08, P ≤ 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Periostin values are higher in the morning compared with the afternoon in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adults. The small magnitude of the variation in serum periostin levels suggests that the time of day in which the serum periostin measurements are made is unlikely to influence treatment decisions if a specific serum periostin level is used to predict treatment responsiveness. Trial registration Australia New Zealand Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000072617).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Caswell-Smith
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Terrianne Cripps
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
| | - Thom Charles
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
| | - Alexander Hosking
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
| | - Corentin Maillot
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
| | - James Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Irene Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - On behalf of the Periostin Study Team
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242 New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA USA
- University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
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Caswell-Smith R, Hosking A, Cripps T, Holweg C, Matthews J, Holliday M, Maillot C, Fingleton J, Weatherall M, Braithwaite I, Beasley R. Reference ranges for serum periostin in a population without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1303-14. [PMID: 27237923 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of serum periostin as a type 2 biomarker in asthma is limited by lack of reference range values derived from a population without respiratory disease. OBJECTIVE To derive age- and sex-related reference intervals for serum periostin from an adult population without asthma or COPD. METHODS Serum periostin levels were measured in 480 individuals, comprising 60 female and 60 male adults in each of the 18- to 30-year, 31- to 45-year, 46- to 60-year and 61- to 75-year age groups. Key exclusion criteria included a doctor's diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis or COPD, and a history of wheezing or use of respiratory inhalers in the last 12 months. The distribution of periostin and logarithm-transformed periostin levels was derived, and 90% confidence intervals for an individual prediction were calculated. RESULTS The distribution of serum periostin was right skewed with a mean (SD) periostin of 51.2 (11.9) ng/mL, median (IQR) 50.1 (43.1 to 56.9) ng/mL and range 28.1 to 136.4 ng/mL. There was no association between logarithm periostin and age or sex, although levels were low in current smokers. The 90% confidence limits for periostin were 35.0 and 71.1 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum periostin levels in adults without asthma or COPD are similar to those in adults with asthma. Serum periostin measurements do not need to be adjusted to take account of a patient's age or sex, although levels are lower in current smokers. Reference values for serum periostin levels in adults without asthma or COPD are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Caswell-Smith
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Hosking
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Cripps
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Holweg
- Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - M Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Maillot
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - M Weatherall
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - I Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Fingleton J, Braithwaite I, Travers J, Bowles D, Strik R, Siebers R, Holweg C, Matthews J, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Serum periostin in obstructive airways disease. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1383-91. [PMID: 26917610 PMCID: PMC4851937 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01384-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum periostin is a potential biomarker of response to therapies that target type 2 inflammation in asthma. The objectives of this study were to describe: 1) the distribution of serum periostin levels in adults with symptomatic airflow obstruction; 2) its relationship with other variables, including type 2 biomarkers; and 3) the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on periostin levels.Serum periostin levels were measured in a cross-sectional study exploring phenotypes and biomarkers in 386 patients aged 18-75 years who reported wheeze and breathlessness in the past 12 months. In 49 ICS-naïve patients, periostin levels were measured again after 12 weeks of budesonide (800 μg·day(-1)).The distribution of serum periostin levels was right skewed (mean±sd 57.3±18.6 ng·mL(-1), median (interquartile range) 54.0 (45.1-65.6) ng·mL(-1), range 15.0-164.7 ng·mL(-1)). Periostin was positively associated with exhaled nitric oxide (Spearman's rho=0.22, p<0.001), blood eosinophil count (Spearman's rho=0.21, p<0.001), and total IgE (Spearman's rho=0.14, p=0.007). The Hodges-Lehmann estimator (95% CI) of change in periostin level after ICS therapy was -4.8 (-6.7- -3.2) ng·mL(-1) (p<0.001).These findings provide data on the distribution of serum periostin in adults with symptomatic airflow obstruction, the weak associations between periostin and other type 2 markers, and the reduction in periostin with inhaled corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Justin Travers
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Darren Bowles
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rianne Strik
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rob Siebers
- University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Mark Weatherall
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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Thomas M, Wilkinson T. Asthma diagnosis in the community--time for a change? Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1206-9. [PMID: 25243811 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Thomas
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
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Influence of honeybee sting on peptidome profile in human serum. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1808-20. [PMID: 26008235 PMCID: PMC4448175 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the serum peptide profiles from honeybee stung and non-stung individuals. Two groups of serum samples obtained from 27 beekeepers were included in our study. The first group of samples was collected within 3 h after a bee sting (stung beekeepers), and the samples were collected from the same person a second time after at least six weeks after the last bee sting (non-stung beekeepers). Peptide profile spectra were determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry combined with Omix, ZipTips and magnetic beads based on weak-cation exchange (MB-WCX) enrichment strategies in the mass range of 1–10 kDa. The samples were classified, and discriminative models were established by using the quick classifier, genetic algorithm and supervised neural network algorithms. All of the statistical algorithms used in this study allow distinguishing analyzed groups with high statistical significance, which confirms the influence of honeybee sting on the serum peptidome profile. The results of this study may broaden the understanding of the human organism’s response to honeybee venom. Due to the fact that our pilot study was carried out on relatively small datasets, it is necessary to conduct further proteomic research of the response to honeybee sting on a larger group of samples.
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Beghè B, Spanevello A, Fabbri LM. Eosinophilia in asthma: the easy way is not always the best. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2015; 3:260-1. [PMID: 25808674 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Beghè
- Section of Respiratory Disease, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo M Fabbri
- Section of Respiratory Disease, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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15
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van der Schee MP, Palmay R, Cowan JO, Taylor DR. Predicting steroid responsiveness in patients with asthma using exhaled breath profiling. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1217-25. [PMID: 24152154 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled breath contains disease-dependent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may serve as biomarkers distinguishing clinical phenotypes in asthma. Their measurement may be particularly beneficial in relation to treatment response. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the performance of electronic nose (eNose) breath analysis with previously investigated techniques (sputum eosinophils, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway hyperresponsiveness) to discriminate asthma from controls and identify steroid responsiveness in steroid-free patients. Trial registration ACTRN12613000038796. METHODS Twenty-five patients with mild/moderate asthma had their inhaled steroid treatment discontinued until loss of control or 28 days. They were subsequently treated with oral prednisone 30 mg/day for 14 days. Steroid responsiveness was defined as an increase of either > 12% FEV1 or > 2 doubling doses PC20 AMP. Steroid-free assessment of sputum eosinophils, FeNO and exhaled breath VOCs were used to construct algorithms predicting steroid responsiveness. Performance characteristics were compared by ROC analysis. RESULTS The eNose discriminated between asthma and controls (area under the curve = 0.766 ± 0.14; P = 0.002) with similar accuracy to FeNO (0.862 ± 0.12; P < 0.001) and sputum eosinophils (0.814 ± 0.15; P < 0.001). Steroid responsiveness was predicted with greater accuracy by VOC-analysis (AUC = 0.883 ± 0.16; P = 0.008) than FeNO (0.545 ± 0.28; P = 0.751) or sputum eosinophils (0.610 ± 0.29; P = 0.441). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Breath analysis by eNose can identify asthmatic patients and may be used to predict their response to steroids with greater accuracy than sputum eosinophils or FeNO. This implies a potential role for breath analysis in the tailoring of treatment for asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P van der Schee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Deyati A, Sanam RD, Guggilla SR, Pidugu VR, Novac N. Molecular biomarkers in clinical development: what could we learn from the clinical trial registry? Per Med 2014; 11:381-393. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Objective of this research is to assess whether the trend of stratified medicine widely discussed in scientific literature is translated into real clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov . Methods: By semi-automatic screening of over 150,000 trials, we filtered trials with stratified biomarker to analyze their therapeutic focus, major drivers and elucidated the impact of stratified biomarker programs on trial duration and completion. Results: >5% of trials are using molecular biomarker for stratification; duration of such trials is longer. 21% of them are done in late stages and Oncology is the major focus. Conclusion: Trials with stratified biomarker in drug development has quadrupled in last decade but represents a small part of all interventional trials reflecting multiple co-developmental challenges of therapeutic compounds and companion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Deyati
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Novac
- Merck Serono, 250 Frankfurter Strasse, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
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Hedlin G. Management of severe asthma in childhood--state of the art and novel perspectives. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:111-21. [PMID: 24102748 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of children with asthma have mild or moderate disease and can obtain adequate control of symptoms through avoidance of triggering factors and/or with the help of medications. There is still a group of children with severe asthma in whom symptom control is poor depending either on identifiable aggravating factors or on true therapy resistance. These children have a poor quality of life and are limited by the severity of their disease. There is a need for a staged approach to the assessment and treatment of this small but vulnerable and resource-consuming group. The current review will provide an overview of a possible standardized approach to characterize this heterogeneous group of severely sick children including some newly developed ways of assessing asthma severity and potentialities of new asthma therapies. Furthermore, the umbrella term 'problematic severe asthma' is described. The term encompasses children whose severe asthma is due to identifiable exacerbating factors, as well as children who are resistant to any conventional therapeutic approach. Characteristics of these two groups of children are described, as are possible biomarkers and current and emerging diagnostic tools for allergy evaluation. Some recent advances and future possibilities for treatment of severe asthma are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Monitoring immune modulation by nutrition in the general population: identifying and substantiating effects on human health. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 Suppl 2:S1-30. [PMID: 23228631 PMCID: PMC3734536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal functioning of the immune system is crucial to human health, and nutrition is one of the major exogenous factors modulating different aspects of immune function. Currently, no single marker is available to predict the effect of a dietary intervention on different aspects of immune function. To provide further guidance on the assessment and interpretation of the modulation of immune functions due to nutrition in the general population, International Life Sciences Institute Europe commissioned a group of experts from academia, government and the food industry to prepare a guidance document. A draft of this paper was refined at a workshop involving additional experts. First, the expert group defined criteria to evaluate the usefulness of immune function markers. Over seventy-five markers were scored within the context of three distinct immune system functions: defence against pathogens; avoidance or mitigation of allergy; control of low-grade (metabolic) inflammation. The most useful markers were subsequently classified depending on whether they by themselves signify clinical relevance and/or involvement of immune function. Next, five theoretical scenarios were drafted describing potential changes in the values of markers compared with a relevant reference range. Finally, all elements were combined, providing a framework to aid the design and interpretation of studies assessing the effects of nutrition on immune function. This stepwise approach offers a clear rationale for selecting markers for future trials and provides a framework for the interpretation of outcomes. A similar stepwise approach may also be useful to rationalise the selection and interpretation of markers for other physiological processes critical to the maintenance of health and well-being.
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Guerra S, Halonen M, Sherrill DL, Venker C, Spangenberg A, Carsin AE, Tarès L, Lavi I, Barreiro E, Martínez-Moratalla J, Urrutia I, Sunyer J, Antó JM, Martinez FD. The relation of circulating YKL-40 to levels and decline of lung function in adult life. Respir Med 2013; 107:1923-30. [PMID: 23920328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein that, in cross-sectional clinical studies, has been associated with severe asthma and COPD in smokers. AIM To determine the longitudinal relation of circulating YKL-40 to levels and decline of lung function in the general population. METHODS We used longitudinal data from up to 13 surveys from the population-based TESAOD study which was conducted in Tucson, Arizona between 1972 and 1996. In cross-sectional analyses, we also used data from 3 Spanish centers of the multicenter ECRHS study (ECRHS-Sp). Serum YKL-40 was measured at baseline in TESAOD and in survey 2 in ECRHS-Sp using ELISAs. Multivariate linear regression was used to test associations of serum YKL-40 to concomitant lung function. In TESAOD, random coefficients models were used to test associations of serum YKL-40 to subsequent decline of lung function. RESULTS Data on YKL-40 and lung function were available from 1088 TESAOD and 854 ECRHS-Sp adult participants (59% and 51% females; respectively). In adjusted multivariate meta-analyses, being in the highest YKL-40 quartile was associated cross-sectionally with significant deficits in FEV1 and FVC %predicted. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, TESAOD participants in the top YKL-40 quartile had an FEV1 decline that was 5 ml/yr (p = 0.05) faster than subjects in the third quartile, 5 ml/yr (p = 0.02) faster than subjects in the second quartile, and 10 ml/yr (p < 0.001) faster than subjects in the lowest YKL-40 quartile. These longitudinal effects were particularly strong in smokers and absent in never smokers. After adjusting for covariates, as compared with the other three quartiles combined, the top YKL-40 quartile was associated with a 9 ml/yr (p = 0.001) faster FEV1 decline among smokers, while no significant effects were found among never smokers (2 ml/yr, p = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Circulating YKL-40 is associated with levels and decline of lung function in the general population and may be a biomarker of susceptibility to the long-term effects of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guerra
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The goal of asthma therapy is to achieve and maintain good asthma control. By utilizing evidence-based guidelines recommended by the National Asthma Education Prevention Program Expert Panel-3 Report, nurse practitioners can improve assessment of asthma control, and ultimately improve asthma outcomes.
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Galectin-10, a potential biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42549. [PMID: 22880030 PMCID: PMC3412795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation can assist in the diagnosis of allergic asthma and in the management of exacerbations, however its clinical implementation remains difficult. Galectin-10 has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation and has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker. This study aimed to assess the relationship between galectin-10 in sputum with sputum eosinophil counts, the current gold standard of eosinophil inflammation in the lung. Thirty-eight sputum samples were processed for both eosinophil counts by cytospins and semi-quantitative measurements of galectin-10 by western blots. A strong association was observed between galectin-10 levels in sputum and sputum eosinophil measurements, and they accurately determined sputum eosinophilia. The results support the potential for galectin-10 to be used as a surrogate biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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Szefler SJ. Advances in pediatric asthma in 2011: moving forward. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:60-8. [PMID: 22196525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Last year's "Advances in pediatric asthma" concluded with the following statement: "Perhaps new directions in personalized medicine and improved health care access and communication will help maintain steady progress in alleviating the burden of this disease in children, especially young children." This year's summary will focus on recent advances in pediatric asthma that show significant accomplishments in reducing asthma morbidity and mortality over the last 10 years and discuss some pathways to further reduce asthma burden, as indicated in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology publications in 2011. Some of the recent reports continue to shed light on methods to improve asthma management through steps to reduce asthma exacerbations, identify features of the disease in early childhood, alter asthma progression, intervene with nutrition, and more effectively implement the asthma guidelines. As new information evolves, it is also time to consider a revision of the asthma guidelines based on key studies that affect our management of the disease since the last revision in 2007. Now is also the time to use information recorded in electronic medical records to develop innovative disease management plans that will track asthma over time and enable timely decisions on interventions to maintain control that can lead to disease remission and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J Szefler
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo 80206, USA.
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Thomas M, Taylor DR. Assessing inflammatory phenotypes and improving the cost-effectiveness of asthma and COPD care in the community. PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE AIRWAYS GROUP 2012; 20:349-50. [PMID: 22009324 DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2011.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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In moderate-to-severe asthma patients monitoring exhaled nitric oxide during exacerbation is not a good predictor of spirometric response to oral corticosteroid. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1491-8. [PMID: 22560478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of monitoring exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in asthma remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To measure exhaled NO, postnebulized albuterol/ipratropium spirometry, and Asthma Control Test (ACT) during asthma exacerbation requiring 8- to 10-day tapering oral corticosteroid in nonsmoking patients with moderate-to-severe asthma on moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β(2)-agonist but not maintenance oral corticosteroid. METHODS After measuring the fraction of exhaled NO (Feno [ppb]) at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mL/s, the total Feno at 50 mL/s (ppb), large central airway NO flux (J'(awNO) [nL/s]), and peripheral small airway/alveolar NO concentration (C(ANO) [ppb]) were calculated and corrected for NO axial back-diffusion. Outpatient exacerbation required the patient with asthma to be afebrile with normal chest x-ray and white blood cell count. RESULTS Group 1 included 17 patients (6 men) with asthma, age 52 ± 12 years, studied at baseline, during 18 exacerbations with abnormal Feno at 50 mL/s, J'(awNO), and/or C(ANO), and post 8- to 10-day tapering 40 mg prednisone (recovery). Baseline: IgE, 332 ± 243 Kμ; total blood eosinophils, 304 ± 266 cells/μL; body mass index, 28 ± 6; ACT, 16 to 19; and FEV(1), 2.5 ± 0.7 L (86% ± 20% predicted); exacerbation: FEV(1), 1.7 ± 0.4 L (60% ± 17%) (P < .001); recovery: FEV(1), 2.5 ± 0.7 L (85% ± 13%) (P < .001). Group 2 included 11 (7 men) similarly treated patients with asthma, age 49 ± 14 years, studied at baseline, during 15 exacerbations with normal Feno at 50 mL/s, J'(awNO), and C(ANO). Baseline: IgE, 307 ± 133 Kμ; total blood eosinophils, 296 ± 149 cells/μL; body mass index, 28 ± 6; ACT, 16 to 19; and FEV(1), 2.7 ± 0.9 L (71% ± 12% predicted); exacerbation: FEV(1), 1.7 ± 0.6 L (54% ± 19%) (P< .006); recovery: FEV(1), 2.7 ± 0.9 L (70% ± 14%) (P= .002). On comparing group 1 versus group 2, there was no significant difference for baseline IgE, eosinophils, body mass index, and ACT and similar significant (≤.006) decrease from baseline in FEV(1) (L) during exacerbation and similar increase (≤.006) at recovery. CONCLUSIONS Increased versus normal exhaled NO during outpatient exacerbation in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma on inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β(2)-agonist but not maintenance oral corticosteroid does not preclude a robust clinical and spirometric response to tapering oral prednisone.
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Apter AJ. Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment and health outcomes, education, delivery, and quality in 2011: what goes around comes around. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:69-75. [PMID: 22130423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Last year's review of research advances in adults with asthma emphasized the linear trajectory of translation: the initial studies translating bench findings to the first patients (T1) are connected to larger efficacy studies, including clinical trials studying subjects under tightly controlled conditions (T2), and these in turn are connected to research, including comparative effectiveness research, that tests how the efficacy findings of T2 research fare in the real world, diverse populations, and varied practice settings (T3). This year what was observed was a more interwoven relationship (rather than a linear one), in which each translational level informs the others and new approaches to answering old questions have led to new discoveries. Within this framework, the present review summarizes clinical research on asthma in adults that was reported in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2011, with emphasis on health outcomes, education, delivery, and quality in terms of discoveries related to mechanisms of disease, environmental exposures, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Apter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa 19104, USA.
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Szefler SJ. Is it time to revise the asthma guidelines? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:937-8. [PMID: 21943941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wen X, Lei YP, Zhou YL, Okamoto CT, Snead ML, Paine ML. Structural organization and cellular localization of tuftelin-interacting protein 11 (TFIP11). Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:1038-46. [PMID: 15868102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-4547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuftelin-interacting protein (TFIP11) was first identified in a yeast two-hybrid screening as a protein interacting with tuftelin. The ubiquitous expression of TFIP11 suggested that it might have other functions in non-dental tissues. TFIP11 contains a G-patch, a protein domain believed to be involved in RNA binding. Using a green fluorescence protein tag, TFIP11 was found to locate in a novel subnuclear structure that we refer to as the TFIP body. An in vivo splicing assay demonstrated that TFIP11 is a novel splicing factor. TFIP11 diffuses from the TFIP body following RNase A treatment, suggesting that the retention of TFIP11 is RNA dependent. RNA polymerase II inhibitor (-amanitin and actinomycin D) treatment causes enlargement in size and decrease in number of TFIP bodies, suggesting that TFIP bodies perform a storage function rather than an active splicing function. The TFIP body may therefore represent a new subnuclear storage compartment for splicing components.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA room 103, Los Angeles, California, 90033-1004, USA
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