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Lu B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang D, Liu M, Ma L, Yi W, Liang Y, Xu Y, Fan H, Liu W, Tang J, Zeng S, Cai L, Zhang L, Nie J, Zhang F, Gu X, Rosa Duque JS, Lu G, Zhang Y. PD1 +CD4 + T cells promote receptor editing and suppress autoreactivity of CD19 +CD21 low B cells within the lower respiratory airways in adenovirus pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00071-0. [PMID: 39038753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia poses a major health burden for young children, however, factors that contribute to disease severity remain elusive. We analyzed immune cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of children with HAdV pneumonia and found that CD19+CD21low B cells were significantly enriched in the BAL and were associated with increased autoantibody concentrations and disease severity. Myeloid cells, PD-1+CD4+ T helper cells and CD21low B cells formed tertiary lymphoid structures within the respiratory tracts. Myeloid cells promoted autoantibody production by expressing high amounts of B cell activating factor (BAFF). In contrast, PD-1+CD4+ T helper cells induced production of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies but suppressed autoreactive IgGs by initiating B cell receptor editing. In summary, this study reveals cellular components involved in protective versus autoreactive immune pathways in the respiratory tract, and these findings provide potential therapeutic targets for severe HAdV lower respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtai Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Diyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Liuheyi Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Weijing Yi
- Zybio Inc., Chongqing Municipality, 400039, China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yingyi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Huifeng Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jue Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Sengqiang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Junli Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Lui VG, Ghosh T, Rymaszewski A, Chen S, Baxter RM, Kong DS, Ghosh D, Routes JM, Verbsky JW, Hsieh EWY. Dysregulated Lymphocyte Antigen Receptor Signaling in Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1311-1325. [PMID: 37093407 PMCID: PMC10524976 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A subset of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients either presents with or develops autoimmune and lymphoproliferative complications, such as granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in CVID. While a myriad of phenotypic lymphocyte derangements has been associated with and described in GLILD, defects in T and B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) signaling in CVID and CVID with GLILD (CVID/GLILD) remain undefined, hindering discovery of biomarkers for disease monitoring, prognostic prediction, and personalized medicine approaches. METHODS To identify perturbations of immune cell subsets and TCR/BCR signal transduction, we applied mass cytometry analysis to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy control participants (HC), CVID, and CVID/GLILD patients. RESULTS Patients with CVID, regardless of GLILD status, had increased frequency of HLADR+CD4+ T cells, CD57+CD8+ T cells, and CD21lo B cells when compared to healthy controls. Within these cellular populations in CVID/GLILD patients only, engagement of T or B cell antigen receptors resulted in discordant downstream signaling responses compared to CVID. In CVID/GLILD patients, CD21lo B cells showed perturbed BCR-mediated phospholipase C gamma and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, while HLADR+CD4+ T cells and CD57+CD8+ T cells displayed disrupted TCR-mediated activation of kinases most proximal to the receptor. CONCLUSION Both CVID and CVID/GLILD patients demonstrate an activated T and B cell phenotype compared to HC. However, only CVID/GLILD patients exhibit altered TCR/BCR signaling in the activated lymphocyte subsets. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in CVID with GLILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Lui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19Th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, RC1 North P18-8117, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy Rymaszewski
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shaoying Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ryan M Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19Th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, RC1 North P18-8117, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel S Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19Th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, RC1 North P18-8117, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John M Routes
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James W Verbsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19Th Ave, Mail Stop 8333, RC1 North P18-8117, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Lee AYS. CD20 + T cells: an emerging T cell subset in human pathology. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1181-1189. [PMID: 35951029 PMCID: PMC9616751 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although CD20 is classically a B cell marker, in the last three decades, dim expression has been noted on a subset of T cells as well that has been independently verified by a number of groups. Our understanding of these cells and their function is not well established. Methods A thorough review of original articles on CD20+T cells was undertaken of Pubmed by using combination of phrases including “CD20+”, “CD20-positive” and “T cells”. Articles in English were considered, and there was no time restriction. Results CD20+T cells express the standard T cell markers and, in comparison to CD20¯ T cells, appear to express greater inflammatory cytokines and markers of effector function. Although the ontogeny of these cells is still being established, the current theory is that CD20 may be acquired by trogocytosis from B cells. CD20+T cells may be found in healthy controls and in a wide range of pathologies including autoimmune diseases, haematological and non-haematological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. One of the best studied diseases where these cells are found is multiple sclerosis (MS) where a number of therapeutic interventions, including anti-CD20 depletion, have been shown to effectively deplete these cells. Conclusion This review summarises the latest understanding of CD20+T cells, their presence in various diseases, their putative function and how they may be an ongoing target of CD20-depleting agents. Unfortunately, our understanding of these cells is still at its infancy and ongoing study in a wider range of pathologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Department of Immunopathology, ICPMR and NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Li S, Fang Y. MS4A1 as a Potential Independent Prognostic Factor of Breast Cancer Related to Lipid Metabolism and Immune Microenvironment Based on TCGA Database Analysis. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR : INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 28:e934597. [PMID: 35091527 PMCID: PMC8809038 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism has been proved to be related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients in previous studies, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development, but the dynamic regulation of these is still a challenge. Material/Methods This study used lipid metabolism-related pathways to score the gene expression of 980 breast cancer patients in the TCGA database. We used 4 pathways in HALLMARK related to lipid metabolism to score the genes in the database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further analyzed through survival analysis and Cox regression analysis, and MS4A1, which is associated with better prognosis, was finally determined to be a predictor. In-depth analysis found that MS4A1 was negatively correlated with patient age, clinical stage, tumor size, and distant metastasis. In the MS4A1 high-expression group, most genes were enriched in immune-related pathways, and CIBERSORT analysis found that MS4A1 expression was positively correlated with the abundance of 10 kinds of immune cells, such as CD8+T cells, which are related to the active immune status. Results Our results suggest that MS4A1 expression can indicate the situation of lipid metabolism in breast cancer patients and reflect the status of the immune microenvironment. Conclusions MS4A1 has the potential to be an independent indicator of prognosis. Since the expression of MS4A1 is also related to the immune checkpoint mutation burden, detecting its expression level can also provide guidance for choosing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Cen C, Tang J, Su Q, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Mo W. Systemic analysis the expression, prognostic, and immune infiltrates significance of MS4A family in lung cancer. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2025914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caize Cen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuning Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Plasmablasts represent a specialized class of antibody-secreting effector B cells that transiently appear in blood circulation following infection or vaccination. The expansion of these cells generally tends to be massive in patients with systemic infections such as dengue or Ebola that cause hemorrhagic fever. To gain a detailed understanding of human plasmablast responses beyond antibody expression, here, we performed immunophenotyping and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the plasmablasts from dengue febrile children in India. We found that plasmablasts expressed several adhesion molecules and chemokines or chemokine receptors that are involved in endothelial interactions or homing to inflamed tissues, including skin, mucosa, and intestine, and upregulated the expression of several cytokine genes that are involved in leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. These plasmablasts also upregulated the expression of receptors for several B-cell prosurvival cytokines that are known to be induced robustly in systemic viral infections such as dengue, some of which generally tend to be relatively higher in patients manifesting hemorrhage and/or shock than in patients with mild febrile infection. These findings improve our understanding of human plasmablast responses during the acute febrile phase of systemic dengue infection. IMPORTANCE Dengue is globally spreading, with over 100 million clinical cases annually, with symptoms ranging from mild self-limiting febrile illness to more severe and sometimes life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially among children. The pathophysiology of dengue is complex and remains poorly understood despite many advances indicating a key role for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. While serum antibodies have been extensively studied, the characteristics of the early cellular factories responsible for antibody production, i.e., plasmablasts, are only beginning to emerge. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional profiles of human plasmablasts from dengue patients.
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Zemchenkova OV, Basharina OV, Artyukhov VG. Expression Level of Membrane Markers CD5, CD19, and CD20 in B Cells after UV-Irradiation and Incubation in the Presence of Autologous Plasma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:222-225. [PMID: 34173108 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of UV-light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151 and 755 J/m2 on the expression of membrane markers CD5, CD19, CD20 in human peripheral blood B cells was studied by flow cytometry. In 24 h after exposure to UV light, we observed activation of processes accompanied by structural rearrangements of B-cell membranes leading to changes in the expression of receptor molecules: the content of of CD19 and CD20 increased due to activation of the synthesis of these proteins, while the content of CD5 decreased. The percentage of CD5+ cells decreased over 24 h after UV-irradiation of lymphocytes, while addition of autologous plasma to the incubation medium produced a photoprotective effect on CD5+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Zemchenkova
- N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia.
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Mudd TW, Lu C, Klement JD, Liu K. MS4A1 expression and function in T cells in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment. Cell Immunol 2020; 360:104260. [PMID: 33352466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The majority of human colorectal cancer remains resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. We report here that MS4A1, the gene encoding B cell surface marker CD20, is significantly downregulated in human colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, MS4A1 expression level in colorectal carcinoma is positively correlated with patient survival. Analysis of scRNA-Seq dataset from public database revealed that MS4A1 is also expressed in subsets of T cells. A CD8+CD20+ subset of T cells exists in the neighboring non-neoplastic colon but disappears in tumor in human colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, analysis of a published nivolumab treatment dataset indicated that nivolumab-bound T cells from human patients during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy exhibit significantly higher MS4A1 expression. Our findings indicate that CD8+CD20+ T subset functions in host cancer immunosurveillance and tumor microenvironment suppresses this T subset through a PD-L1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T William Mudd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
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del Pino‐Molina L, Torres Canizales JM, Rodríguez‐Pena R, López‐Granados E. Evaluation of B‐cell intracellular signaling by monitoring the
PI3K‐Akt
axis in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and activated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta syndrome. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:460-466. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía del Pino‐Molina
- Clinical Immunology Department La Paz University Hospital and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767) Madrid Spain
| | - Juan M. Torres Canizales
- Clinical Immunology Department La Paz University Hospital and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767) Madrid Spain
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez‐Pena
- Clinical Immunology Department La Paz University Hospital and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767) Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo López‐Granados
- Clinical Immunology Department La Paz University Hospital and Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U767) Madrid Spain
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Ryherd M, Plassmeyer M, Alexander C, Eugenio I, Kleschenko Y, Badger A, Gupta R, Alpan O, Sønder SU. Improved panels for clinical immune phenotyping: Utilization of the violet laser. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:671-679. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raavi Gupta
- Amerimmune LLC; Fairfax Virginia
- Department of Pathology; SUNY; New York
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Yazdani R, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Esmaeili M, Abolhassani H, Vaeli S, Rezaei A, Sharifi Z, Azizi G, Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A. Impaired Akt phosphorylation in B-cells of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2017; 175:124-132. [PMID: 27664934 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Taraldsrud E, Aukrust P, Jørgensen S, Lingjærde OC, Olweus J, Myklebust JH, Fevang B. Patterns of constitutively phosphorylated kinases in B cells are associated with disease severity in common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:69-74. [PMID: 27919819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) constitute a clinically and immunologically heterogeneous group characterized by B-cell dysfunction with hypogammaglobulinemia and defective immunoglobulin class switch of unknown etiology. Current classification systems are insufficient to achieve precise disease management. Characterization of signaling pathways essential for B-cell differentiation and class switch could provide new means to stratify patients. We evaluated constitutive and induced signaling by phospho-specific flow cytometry in 26 CVID patients and 18 healthy blood donors. Strong responses were induced both in CVID and healthy donor B cells upon activation. In contrast, constitutive phosphorylation levels of STAT3,-5,-6, Erk, PLC-γ and Syk were significantly increased in CVID B cells only. Hierarchical clustering revealed a subgroup of CVID patients with elevated constitutive phosphorylation of Syk and PLC-γ. All these patients had non-infectious complications, indicating that a distinct phosphorylation pattern of kinases in B cells identifies a clinically important subgroup of CVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Taraldsrud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - June H Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations are the biggest clinical challenge in the care of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The increasing pathogenic knowledge and potential therapeutic implications require a new evaluation of the status quo. (Figure is included in full-text article.) RECENT FINDINGS The conundrum of the simultaneous manifestation of primary immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease (AID) is increasingly elucidated by newly discovered genetic defects. Thus, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 or caspase-9 deficiency presenting with CVID-like phenotypes reiterate concepts of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Activating signaling defects downstream of antigen or cytokine receptors are often associated with loss-of-tolerance in the affected patients. Increasingly, forms of combined immunodeficiency are discovered among CVID-like patients. Although different autoimmune manifestations often coincide in the same patient their immunopathology varies. Treatment of AID in CVID remains a challenge, but based on a better definition of the immunopathology first attempts of targeted treatment have been made. SUMMARY The increasing comprehension of immunological concepts promoting AID in CVID will allow better and in some cases possibly even targeted treatment. A genetic diagnosis therefore becomes important information in this group of patients, especially in light of the fact that some patients might require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of their underlying immunodeficiency.
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Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Rezaei N, Azizi G, Hammarström L, Aghamohammadi A. Evaluation of Known Defective Signaling-Associated Molecules in Patients Who Primarily Diagnosed as Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 35:7-24. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1136306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Dysfunctional BLK in common variable immunodeficiency perturbs B-cell proliferation and ability to elicit antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell help. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10759-71. [PMID: 25926555 PMCID: PMC4484417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent primary antibody deficiency, and characterized by defective generation of high-affinity antibodies. Patients have therefore increased risk to recurrent infections of the respiratory and intestinal tract. Development of high-affinity antigen-specific antibodies involves two key actions of B-cell receptors (BCR): transmembrane signaling through BCR-complexes to induce B-cell differentiation and proliferation, and BCR-mediated antigen internalization for class-II MHC-mediated presentation to acquire antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell help.We identified a variant (L3P) in the B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) gene of 2 related CVID-patients, which was absent in healthy relatives. BLK belongs to the Src-kinases family and involved in BCR-signaling. Here, we sought to clarify BLK function in healthy human B-cells and its association to CVID.BLK expression was comparable in patient and healthy B-cells. Functional analysis of L3P-BLK showed reduced BCR crosslinking-induced Syk phosphorylation and proliferation, in both primary B-cells and B-LCLs. B-cells expressing L3P-BLK showed accelerated destruction of BCR-internalized antigen and reduced ability to elicit CD40L-expression on antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cells.In conclusion, we found a novel BLK gene variant in CVID-patients that causes suppressed B-cell proliferation and reduced ability of B-cells to elicit antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses. Both these mechanisms may contribute to hypogammaglobulinemia in CVID-patients.
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Giorgio F, Principi M, Losurdo G, Piscitelli D, Iannone A, Barone M, Amoruso A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A. Seronegative Celiac Disease and Immunoglobulin Deficiency: Where to Look in the Submerged Iceberg? Nutrients 2015; 7:7486-504. [PMID: 26371035 PMCID: PMC4586545 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present narrative review, we analyzed the relationship between seronegative celiac disease (SNCD) and immunoglobulin deficiencies. For this purpose, we conducted a literature search on the main medical databases. SNCD poses a diagnostic dilemma. Villous blunting, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) count and gluten "challenge" are the most reliable markers. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-targeted mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune complexes in the intestinal mucosa of SNCD patients may be useful. In our experience, tTG-mRNA was similarly increased in seropositive celiac disease (CD) and suspected SNCD, and strongly correlated with the IELs count. This increase is found even in the IELs' range of 15-25/100 enterocytes, suggesting that there may be a "grey zone" of gluten-related disorders. An immune deregulation (severely lacking B-cell differentiation) underlies the association of SNCD with immunoglobulin deficiencies. Therefore, CD may be linked to autoimmune disorders and immune deficits (common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)/IgA selective deficiency). CVID is a heterogeneous group of antibodies dysfunction, whose association with CD is demonstrated only by the response to a gluten-free diet (GFD). We hypothesized a familial inheritance between CD and CVID. Selective IgA deficiency, commonly associated with CD, accounts for IgA-tTG seronegativity. Selective IgM deficiency (sIgMD) is rare (<300 cases) and associated to CD in 5% of cases. We diagnosed SNCD in a patient affected by sIgMD using the tTG-mRNA assay. One-year GFD induced IgM restoration. This evidence, supporting a link between SNCD and immunoglobulin deficiencies, suggests that we should take a closer look at this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Giorgio
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mariabeatrice Principi
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Piscitelli
- Section of Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Iannone
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Barone
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annacinzia Amoruso
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Policlinico, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Abbott JK, Gelfand EW. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2015; 35:637-58. [PMID: 26454311 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) refers to a grouping of antibody deficiencies that lack a more specific genetic or phenotypic classification. It is the immunodeficiency classification with the greatest number of constituents, likely because of the numerous ways in which antibody production can be impaired and the frequency in which antibody production becomes impaired in human beings. CVID comprises a heterogeneous group of rare diseases. Consequently, CVID presents a significant challenge for researchers and clinicians. Despite these difficulties, both our understanding of and ability to manage this grouping of complex immune diseases has advanced significantly over the past 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Abbott
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Fischer MB, Wolfram W, Binder CJ, Böhmig GA, Wahrmann M, Eibl MM, Wolf HM. Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis Shows an IgG-Isotype-Specific Defect in ABO Blood Group Antibody Formation in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 25999949 PMCID: PMC4422094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common clinically severe primary immunodeficiency and comprises a heterogeneous group of patients with recurrent severe bacterial infections due to the failure to produce IgG antibodies after exposure to infectious agents and immunization. Diagnostic recommendations for antibody failure include assessment of isoagglutinins. We have readdressed this four decades old but still accepted recommendation with up to date methodology. METHODS Anti-A/B IgM- and IgG-antibodies were measured by Diamed-ID Micro Typing, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using the Biacore(®) device and flow cytometry. RESULTS When Diamed-ID Micro Typing was used, CVID patients (n = 34) showed IgG- and IgM-isoagglutinins that were comparable to healthy volunteers (n = 28), while all XLA patients (n = 8) had none. Anti-A/B IgM-antibodies were present in more than 2/3 of the CVID patients and showed binding kinetics comparable to anti-A/B IgM-antibodies from healthy individuals. A correlation could be found in CVID patients between levels of anti-A/B IgM-antibodies and levels of serum IgM and PnP-IgM-antibodies. In contrast in CVID patients as a group ABO antibodies were significantly decreased when assessed by SPR, which correlated with levels of switched memory, non-switched memory and naïve B cells, but all CVID patients had low/undetectable anti-A/B IgG-antibodies. CONCLUSION These results indicate that conventional isoagglutinin assessment and assessment of anti-A/B IgM antibodies are not suited for the diagnosis of impaired antibody production in CVID. Examination of anti-A/B IgG antibodies by SPR provides a useful method for the diagnosis of IgG antibody failure in all CVID patients studied, thus indicating an important additional rationale to start immunoglobulin replacement therapy early in these patients, before post-infectious sequelae develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Fischer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center of Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wendelin Wolfram
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A. Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Flinsenberg TW, Janssen WJ, Herczenik E, Boross P, Nederend M, Jongeneel LH, Scholman RC, Boelens JJ, Maas C, van Gijn ME, van Montfrans JM, Leusen JH, Boes M. A novel FcγRIIa Q27W gene variant is associated with common variable immune deficiency through defective FcγRIIa downstream signaling. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Visentini M, Marrapodi R, Conti V, Mitrevski M, Camponeschi A, Lazzeri C, Carbonari M, Catizone A, Quinti I, Fiorilli M. Dysregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling associated with impaired B-cell receptor endocytosis in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:401-10. [PMID: 24792875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by B-cell dysfunction and, in a subgroup, by expansion of CD21(low) B cells. The CD21(low) B cells display defects in early B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling resembling those of anergic B cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether B cells from patients with CVID, like anergic B cells, have defects in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and in endocytic trafficking of the BCR. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we evaluated phosphorylated ERK (pERK) expression and internalization of cross-linked BCR in B-cell subsets. The localization of internalized BCR to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1-positive late endosomes was evaluated with confocal microscopy. RESULTS Constitutive pERK levels were increased in naive and IgM(+) memory B cells of patients with CVID compared with those of healthy donors, whereas the pERK increment induced by BCR cross-linking was relatively reduced. Intravenous immunoglobulin administration enhanced these anomalies, but they appeared to be intrinsic to B cells from patients with CVID. Cross-linking-induced BCR endocytosis was decreased in the IgM(+) memory B cells, especially in those with a CD21(low) phenotype, but not in the naive B cells of patients with CVID with CD21(low) expansion. Internalized BCR localized normally to late endosomes. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK phosphorylation suppressed BCR endocytosis in B cells of healthy patients and those with CVID. CONCLUSIONS The B cells of patients with CVID with CD21(low) B-cell expansion resemble anergic B cells based on high constitutive pERK expression. The IgM(+) memory B cells of these patients, especially those that are CD21(low), have a defect in BCR endocytosis seemingly caused by dysregulated ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Visentini
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Marrapodi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Milica Mitrevski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Lazzeri
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carbonari
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fiorilli
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Sieger N, Fleischer SJ, Mei HE, Reiter K, Shock A, Burmester GR, Daridon C, Dörner T. CD22 ligation inhibits downstream B cell receptor signaling and Ca(2+) flux upon activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:770-9. [PMID: 23233360 DOI: 10.1002/art.37818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD22 is a surface molecule exclusively expressed on B cells that regulates adhesion and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling as an inhibitory coreceptor of the BCR. Central downstream signaling molecules that are activated upon BCR engagement include spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and, subsequently, phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), which results in calcium (Ca(2+)) mobilization. The humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody epratuzumab is currently being tested in clinical trials. This study was undertaken to determine the potential mechanism by which this drug regulates B cell activation. METHODS Purified B cells were preincubated with epratuzumab, and the colocalization of CD22 and CD79α, without BCR engagement, was assessed by confocal microscopy. The phosphorylation of Syk (Y348, Y352) and PLCγ2 (Y759) as well as the Ca(2+) flux in the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry upon stimulation of the BCR and/or Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9). The influence of CD22 ligation on BCR signaling was assessed by pretreating the cells with epratuzumab or F(ab')(2) fragment of epratuzumab, in comparison with control cells (medium alone or isotype-matched IgG1). RESULTS Epratuzumab induced colocalization of CD22 and components of the BCR independent of BCR engagement, and also reduced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and diminished the phosphorylation of Syk and PLCγ2 after BCR stimulation in vitro. Inhibition of kinase phosphorylation was demonstrated in both CD27- and CD27+ B cells, and this appeared to be independent of Fc receptor signaling. Preactivation of the cells via the stimulation of TLR-9 did not circumvent the inhibitory effect of epratuzumab on BCR signaling. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with the concept of targeting CD22 to raise the threshold of BCR activation, which could offer therapeutic benefit in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sieger
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chinen J, Notarangelo LD, Shearer WT. Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:675-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Piątosa B, Pac M, Siewiera K, Pietrucha B, Klaudel-Dreszler M, Heropolitańska-Pliszka E, Wolska-Kuśnierz B, Dmeńska H, Gregorek H, Sokolnicka I, Rękawek A, Tkaczyk K, Bernatowska E. Common variable immune deficiency in children--clinical characteristics varies depending on defect in peripheral B cell maturation. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:731-41. [PMID: 23389235 PMCID: PMC3631512 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disease associated with ineffective production of antibodies. It is usually diagnosed in adulthood, but a variable proportion of children develop CVID. Early identification of patients with potentially worse prognosis may help to avoid serious complications. The goal of this study was to associate the clinical phenotype of patients with early onset CVID with peripheral B-cell maturation profile. Four color flow cytometry was used to define distribution of peripheral B-cell subsets in 49 children with early-onset CVID. All clinical data were extracted from medical records. A proportion of patients demonstrated diminishing with time total B-lymphocytes pool, beyond physiological age-related changes. Irrespective from duration of the follow-up period the B-cell maturation profile in individual patients remained unchanged. We identified six different aberrant peripheral B cell maturation profiles associated with different clinical characteristics. Patients with an early B-cell maturation block earlier required replacement therapy and were at significantly greater risk of enteropathy, granuloma formation, cytopenia, and lymphoproliferation. B-cell maturation inhibited at the natural effector stage was associated with higher risk of autoimmune manifestations other than autoimmune cytopenia. Prevalence of male patients was observed among patients with B-cell maturation inhibited at naïve B-cell stage. In conclusion, the diagnostic process in patients with suspected early-onset CVID shall include routine analysis of peripheral B-cell maturation to provide surrogate markers identifying patients at greater risk of developing certain complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Piątosa
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:670-5. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835af232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Warnatz K, Voll RE. Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2012; 3:210. [PMID: 22826712 PMCID: PMC3399211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) presents in up to 25% of patients with autoimmune (AI) manifestations. Given the frequency and early onset in some patients with CVID, AI dysregulation seems to be an integral part of the immunodeficiency. Antibody-mediated AI cytopenias, most often affecting erythrocytes and platelets make up over 50% of these patients. This seems to be distinct from mainly cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmunity. Some patients present like patients with AI lymphoproliferative syndrome. Interestingly, in the majority of patients with AI cytopenias the immunological examination reveals a dysregulated B and T cell homeostasis. These phenotypic changes are associated with altered signaling through the antigen receptor which may well be a potential risk factor for disturbed immune tolerance as has been seen in STIM1 deficiency. In addition, elevated B cell-activating factor serum levels in CVID patients may contribute to survival of autoreactive B cells. Of all genetic defects associated with CVID certain alterations in TACI, CD19, and CD81 deficiency have most often been associated with AI manifestations. In conclusion, autoimmunity in CVID offers opportunities to gain insights into general mechanisms of human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Warnatz
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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