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Politiek FA, Turkenburg M, Henneman L, Ofman R, Waterham HR. Molecular and cellular consequences of mevalonate kinase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167177. [PMID: 38636615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder associated with recurrent autoinflammatory episodes. The disorder is caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in the MVK gene, which encodes mevalonate kinase (MK), an early enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. To identify molecular and cellular consequences of MKD, we studied primary fibroblasts from severely affected patients with mevalonic aciduria (MKD-MA) and more mildly affected patients with hyper IgD and periodic fever syndrome (MKD-HIDS). As previous findings indicated that the deficient MK activity in MKD impacts protein prenylation in a temperature-sensitive manner, we compared the subcellular localization and activation of the small Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 in control, MKD-HIDS and MKD-MA fibroblasts cultured at physiological and elevated temperatures. This revealed a temperature-induced altered subcellular localization and activation in the MKD cells. To study if and how the temperature-induced ectopic activation of these signalling proteins affects cellular processes, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of control and MKD-MA fibroblasts cultured at 37 °C or 40 °C. This identified cell cycle and actin cytoskeleton organization as respectively most down- and upregulated gene clusters. Further studies confirmed that these processes were affected in fibroblasts from both patients with MKD-MA and MKD-HIDS. Finally, we found that, similar to immune cells, the MK deficiency causes metabolic reprogramming in MKD fibroblasts resulting in increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. We postulate that the ectopic activation of small GTPases causes inappropriate signalling contributing to the molecular and cellular aberrations observed in MKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frouwkje A Politiek
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Turkenburg
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Ofman
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Politiek FA, Turkenburg M, Ofman R, Waterham HR. Mevalonate kinase-deficient THP-1 cells show a disease-characteristic pro-inflammatory phenotype. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379220. [PMID: 38550596 PMCID: PMC10972877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the MVK gene, which encodes mevalonate kinase (MK), an essential enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, cause the autoinflammatory metabolic disorder mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). We generated and characterized MK-deficient monocytic THP-1 cells to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pro-inflammatory phenotype of MKD. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated THP-1 cells with different MK deficiencies mimicking the severe (MKD-MA) and mild end (MKD-HIDS) of the MKD disease spectrum. Following confirmation of previously established disease-specific biochemical hallmarks, we studied the consequences of the different MK deficiencies on LPS-stimulated cytokine release, glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation rates, cellular chemotaxis and protein kinase activity. Results Similar to MKD patients' cells, MK deficiency in the THP-1 cells caused a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a severity correlating with the residual MK protein levels. In the MKD-MA THP-1 cells, MK protein levels were barely detectable, which affected protein prenylation and was accompanied by a profound pro-inflammatory phenotype. This included a markedly increased LPS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. We also observed increased activity of protein kinases that are involved in cell migration and proliferation, and in innate and adaptive immune responses. The MKD-HIDS THP-1 cells had approximately 20% residual MK activity and showed a milder phenotype, which manifested mainly upon LPS stimulation or exposure to elevated temperatures. Conclusion MK-deficient THP-1 cells show the biochemical and pro-inflammatory phenotype of MKD and are a good model to study underlying disease mechanisms and therapeutic options of this autoinflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frouwkje A. Politiek
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Turkenburg
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ofman
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R. Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Munoz MA, Skinner OP, Masle-Farquhar E, Jurczyluk J, Xiao Y, Fletcher EK, Kristianto E, Hodson MP, O'Donoghue SI, Kaur S, Brink R, Zahra DG, Deenick EK, Perry KA, Robertson AA, Mehr S, Hissaria P, Mulders-Manders CM, Simon A, Rogers MJ. Increased core body temperature exacerbates defective protein prenylation in mouse models of mevalonate kinase deficiency. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:160929. [PMID: 36189795 PMCID: PMC9525117 DOI: 10.1172/jci160929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is characterized by recurrent fevers and flares of systemic inflammation, caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in MVK. The underlying disease mechanisms and triggers of inflammatory flares are poorly understood because of the lack of in vivo models. We describe genetically modified mice bearing the hypomorphic mutation p.Val377Ile (the commonest variant in patients with MKD) and amorphic, frameshift mutations in Mvk. Compound heterozygous mice recapitulated the characteristic biochemical phenotype of MKD, with increased plasma mevalonic acid and clear buildup of unprenylated GTPases in PBMCs, splenocytes, and bone marrow. The inflammatory response to LPS was enhanced in compound heterozygous mice and treatment with the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 prevented the elevation of circulating IL-1β, thus identifying a potential inflammasome target for future therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, lines of mice with a range of deficiencies in mevalonate kinase and abnormal prenylation mirrored the genotype-phenotype relationship in human MKD. Importantly, these mice allowed the determination of a threshold level of residual enzyme activity, below which protein prenylation is impaired. Elevated temperature dramatically but reversibly exacerbated the deficit in the mevalonate pathway and the defective prenylation in vitro and in vivo, highlighting increased body temperature as a likely trigger of inflammatory flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A Munoz
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver P Skinner
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Etienne Masle-Farquhar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Jurczyluk
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ya Xiao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma K Fletcher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esther Kristianto
- Victor Chang Cardiac Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark P Hodson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Seán I O'Donoghue
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Zahra
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen A Perry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avril Ab Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sam Mehr
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pravin Hissaria
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Pathology and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catharina M Mulders-Manders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Expertise Centre for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Expertise Centre for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Broderick L, Hoffman HM. IL-1 and autoinflammatory disease: biology, pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:448-463. [PMID: 35729334 PMCID: PMC9210802 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, it was first proposed that autoinflammation underpins a handful of rare monogenic disorders characterized by recurrent fever and systemic inflammation. The subsequent identification of novel, causative genes directly led to a better understanding of how the innate immune system is regulated under normal conditions, as well as its dysregulation associated with pathogenic mutations. Early on, IL-1 emerged as a central mediator for these diseases, based on data derived from patient cells, mutant mouse models and definitive clinical responses to IL-1 targeted therapy. Since that time, our understanding of the mechanisms of autoinflammation has expanded beyond IL-1 to additional innate immune processes. However, the number and complexity of IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases has also multiplied to include additional monogenic syndromes with expanded genotypes and phenotypes, as well as more common polygenic disorders seen frequently by the practising clinician. In order to increase physician awareness and update rheumatologists who are likely to encounter these patients, this review discusses the general pathophysiological concepts of IL-1-mediated autoinflammation, the epidemiological and clinical features of specific diseases, diagnostic challenges and approaches, and current and future perspectives for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Pisanti S, Rimondi E, Pozza E, Melloni E, Zauli E, Bifulco M, Martinelli R, Marcuzzi A. Prenylation Defects and Oxidative Stress Trigger the Main Consequences of Neuroinflammation Linked to Mevalonate Pathway Deregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159061. [PMID: 35897423 PMCID: PMC9332440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis represents a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular homeostasis. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Furthermore, some intermediates of this metabolic system perform biological activity in specific cellular compartments, such as isoprenoid molecules that can modulate different signal proteins through the prenylation process. The defects of prenylation represent one of the main causes that promote the activation of inflammation. In particular, this mechanism, in association with oxidative stress, induces a dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity. The purpose of this review is to describe the pleiotropic role of prenylation in neuroinflammation and to highlight the consequence of the defects of prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Pozza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.P.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
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Nanda SK, Vollmer S, Perez-Oliva AB. Posttranslational Regulation of Inflammasomes, Its Potential as Biomarkers and in the Identification of Novel Drugs Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887533. [PMID: 35800898 PMCID: PMC9253692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have summarized classical post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation of the different components of one of the most studied NLRP3, and other emerging inflammasomes. We will highlight how the discovery of these modifications have provided mechanistic insight into the biology, function, and regulation of these multiprotein complexes not only in the context of the innate immune system but also in adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, bone marrow transplantation, as well and their role in human diseases. We have also collected available information concerning less-studied modifications such as acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, nitrosylation, prenylation, citrullination, and emphasized their relevance in the regulation of inflammasome complex formation. We have described disease-associated mutations affecting PTMs of inflammasome components. Finally, we have discussed how a deeper understanding of different PTMs can help the development of biomarkers and identification of novel drug targets to treat diseases caused by the malfunctioning of inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K. Nanda
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Sambit K. Nanda, ; Stefan Vollmer, ; Ana B. Perez-Oliva,
| | - Stefan Vollmer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sambit K. Nanda, ; Stefan Vollmer, ; Ana B. Perez-Oliva,
| | - Ana B. Perez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sambit K. Nanda, ; Stefan Vollmer, ; Ana B. Perez-Oliva,
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Luttman JH, Hoj JP, Lin KH, Lin J, Gu JJ, Rouse C, Nichols AG, MacIver NJ, Wood KC, Pendergast AM. ABL allosteric inhibitors synergize with statins to enhance apoptosis of metastatic lung cancer cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109880. [PMID: 34706244 PMCID: PMC8579324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism has emerged as a treatment option for cancer patients. The ABL tyrosine kinases promote metastasis, and enhanced ABL signaling is associated with a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Here we show that ABL kinase allosteric inhibitors impair mitochondrial integrity and decrease oxidative phosphorylation. To identify metabolic vulnerabilities that enhance this phenotype, we utilized a CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screen and identified HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and target of statin therapies, as a top-scoring sensitizer to ABL inhibition. Combination treatment with ABL allosteric inhibitors and statins decreases metastatic lung cancer cell survival in vitro in a synergistic manner. Notably, combination therapy in mouse models of lung cancer brain metastasis and therapy resistance impairs metastatic colonization with a concomitant increase in animal survival. Thus, metabolic combination therapy might be effective to decrease metastatic outgrowth, leading to increased survival for lung cancer patients with advanced disease. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors is an adaptation that generates vulnerabilities that can be exploited for developing new therapies. Here Luttman et al. identify synergism between ABL allosteric inhibitors and lipophilic statins to impair metastatic lung cancer cell outgrowth and colonization, leading to increased survival in mouse models of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hattaway Luttman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob P Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jin Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clay Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Boursier G, Rittore C, Milhavet F, Cuisset L, Touitou I. Mevalonate Kinase-Associated Diseases: Hunting for Phenotype-Genotype Correlation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081552. [PMID: 33917151 PMCID: PMC8067830 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase-associated diseases (MKAD) are caused by pathogenic mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene (MVK) and encompass several phenotypically different rare and hereditary autoinflammatory conditions. The most serious is a recessive systemic metabolic disease called mevalonic aciduria, and the most recently recognized is disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, a dominant disease limited to the skin. To evaluate a possible correlation between genotypes and (1) the different MKAD clinical subtypes or (2) the occurrence of severe manifestations, data were reviewed for all patients with MVK variants described in the literature (N = 346), as well as those referred to our center (N = 51). The genotypes including p.(Val377Ile) (homozygous or compound heterozygous) were more frequent in mild systemic forms but were also sometimes encountered with severe disease. We confirmed that amyloidosis was more prevalent in patients compound heterozygous for p.(Ile268Thr) and p.(Val377Ile) than in others and revealed new associations. Patients homozygous for p.(Leu264Phe), p.(Ala334Thr) or compound heterozygous for p.(His20Pro) and p.(Ala334Thr) had increased risk of severe neurological or ocular symptoms. All patients homozygous for p.(Leu264Phe) had a cataract. The variants associated with porokeratosis were relatively specific and more frequently caused a frameshift than in patients with other clinical forms (26% vs. 6%). We provide practical recommendations focusing on phenotype-genotype correlation in MKAD that could be helpful for prophylactic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boursier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (G.B.); (C.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Cécile Rittore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (G.B.); (C.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Florian Milhavet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (G.B.); (C.R.); (F.M.)
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Genetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Isabelle Touitou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France; (G.B.); (C.R.); (F.M.)
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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Welzel T, Benseler SM, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB. Management of Monogenic IL-1 Mediated Autoinflammatory Diseases in Childhood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:516427. [PMID: 33868220 PMCID: PMC8044959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.516427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic Interleukin 1 (IL-1) mediated autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are rare, often severe illnesses of the innate immune system associated with constitutively increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Clinical characteristics include recurrent fevers, inflammation of joints, skin, and serous membranes. CNS and eye inflammation can be seen. Characteristically, clinical symptoms are coupled with elevated inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Typically, AID affect infants and children, but late-onset and atypical phenotypes are described. An in-depth understanding of autoinflammatory pathways and progress in molecular genetics has expanded the spectrum of AID. Increasing numbers of genetic variants with undetermined pathogenicity, somatic mosaicisms and phenotype variability make the diagnosis of AID challenging. AID should be diagnosed as early as possible to prevent organ damage. The diagnostic approach includes patient/family history, ethnicity, physical examination, specific functional testing and inflammatory markers (SAA, CRP) during, and in between flares. Genetic testing should be performed, when an AID is suspected. The selection of genetic tests is guided by clinical findings. Targeted and rapid treatment is crucial to reduce morbidity, mortality and psychosocial burden after an AID diagnosis. Management includes effective treat-to-target therapy and standardized, partnered monitoring of disease activity (e.g., AIDAI), organ damage (e.g., ADDI), patient/physician global assessment and health related quality of life. Optimal AID care in childhood mandates an interdisciplinary team approach. This review will summarize the current evidence of diagnosing and managing children with common monogenic IL-1 mediated AID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Welzel
- Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen (arcT) and Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne M Benseler
- Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital (ACH), ACH Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jasmin B Kuemmerle-Deschner
- Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen (arcT) and Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Wei L, Zheng YY, Sun J, Wang P, Tao T, Li Y, Chen X, Sang Y, Chong D, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qiu T, Li CJ, Zhu MS, Zhang X. GGPP depletion initiates metaflammation through disequilibrating CYB5R3-dependent eicosanoid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15988-16001. [PMID: 32913122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaflammation is a primary inflammatory complication of metabolic disorders characterized by altered production of many inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipid mediators. Whereas multiple inflammation networks have been identified, the mechanisms by which metaflammation is initiated have long been controversial. As the mevalonate pathway (MVA) produces abundant bioactive isoprenoids and abnormal MVA has a phenotypic association with inflammation/immunity, we speculate that isoprenoids from the MVA may provide a causal link between metaflammation and metabolic disorders. Using a line with the MVA isoprenoid producer geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) deleted, we find that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) depletion causes an apparent metaflammation as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of fatty acids, eicosanoid intermediates, and proinflammatory cytokines. We also find that GGPP prenylate cytochrome b 5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) and the prenylated CYB5R3 then translocate from the mitochondrial to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pool. As CYB5R3 is a critical NADH-dependent reductase necessary for eicosanoid metabolism in ER, we thus suggest that GGPP-mediated CYB5R3 prenylation is necessary for metabolism. In addition, we observe that pharmacological inhibition of the MVA pathway by simvastatin is sufficient to inhibit CYB5R3 translocation and induces smooth muscle death. Therefore, we conclude that the dysregulation of MVA intermediates is an essential mechanism for metaflammation initiation, in which the imbalanced production of eicosanoid intermediates in the ER serve as an important pathogenic factor. Moreover, the interplay of MVA and eicosanoid metabolism as we reported here illustrates a model for the coordinating regulation among metabolite pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyang Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuena Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Rogers MJ, Mönkkönen J, Munoz MA. Molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates and new insights into their effects outside the skeleton. Bone 2020; 139:115493. [PMID: 32569873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BP) are a class of calcium-binding drug used to prevent bone resorption in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. They act by selectively targeting bone-resorbing osteoclasts and can be grouped into two classes depending on their intracellular mechanisms of action. Simple BPs cause osteoclast apoptosis after cytoplasmic conversion into toxic ATP analogues. In contrast, nitrogen-containing BPs potently inhibit FPP synthase, an enzyme of the mevalonate (cholesterol biosynthesis) pathway. This results in production of a toxic metabolite (ApppI) and the loss of long-chain isoprenoid lipids required for protein prenylation, a process necessary for the function of small GTPase proteins essential for the survival and activity of osteoclasts. In this review we provide a state-of-the-art overview of these mechanisms of action and a historical perspective of how they were discovered. Finally, we challenge the long-held dogma that BPs act only in the skeleton and highlight recent studies that reveal insights into hitherto unknown effects on tumour-associated and tissue-resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jukka Mönkkönen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Marcia A Munoz
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Oldham J, Lachmann HJ. The systemic autoinflammatory disorders for dermatologists. Part 2: disease examples. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:967-973. [PMID: 32882069 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The systemic autoinflammatory disorders (SAIDS) or periodic fever syndromes are disorders of innate immunity, which can be inherited or acquired. They are almost all very rare and easily overlooked; typically, patients will have seen multiple specialities prior to diagnosis, so a high level of clinical suspicion is key. It is important to note that these are 'high-value' diagnoses as the majority of these syndromes can be very effectively controlled, dramatically improving quality of life and providing protection against the development of irreversible complications such as AA amyloidosis. In Part 1 of this review, we took an overview of SAIDS and described the common features; in this article, we take a more in-depth look at the better recognized or more dermatologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oldham
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, National Amyloidosis Centre, UCL Division of Medicine and Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - H J Lachmann
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, National Amyloidosis Centre, UCL Division of Medicine and Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
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13
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Bibby JA, Purvis HA, Hayday T, Chandra A, Okkenhaug K, Rosenzweig S, Aksentijevich I, Wood M, Lachmann HJ, Kemper C, Cope AP, Perucha E. Cholesterol metabolism drives regulatory B cell IL-10 through provision of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3412. [PMID: 32641742 PMCID: PMC7343868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells restrict immune and inflammatory responses across a number of contexts. This capacity is mediated primarily through the production of IL-10. Here we demonstrate that the induction of a regulatory program in human B cells is dependent on a metabolic priming event driven by cholesterol metabolism. Synthesis of the metabolic intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is required to specifically drive IL-10 production, and to attenuate Th1 responses. Furthermore, GGPP-dependent protein modifications control signaling through PI3Kδ-AKT-GSK3, which in turn promote BLIMP1-dependent IL-10 production. Inherited gene mutations in cholesterol metabolism result in a severe autoinflammatory syndrome termed mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). Consistent with our findings, B cells from MKD patients induce poor IL-10 responses and are functionally impaired. Moreover, metabolic supplementation with GGPP is able to reverse this defect. Collectively, our data define cholesterol metabolism as an integral metabolic pathway for the optimal functioning of human IL-10 producing regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Bibby
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Harriet A Purvis
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Thomas Hayday
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anita Chandra
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sofia Rosenzweig
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Wood
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London and Royal Free Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London and Royal Free Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.,Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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14
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Klinische Symptomatik autoinflammatorischer Erkrankungen. Hautarzt 2020; 71:342-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Li M, Min W, Wang J, Wang L, Li Y, Zhou N, Yang Z, Qian Q. Effects of mevalonate kinase interference on cell differentiation, apoptosis, prenylation and geranylgeranylation of human keratinocytes are attenuated by farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2861-2870. [PMID: 32256770 PMCID: PMC7086283 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate kinase (MVK) mutations were previously identified in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. However, the role of MVK in differentiation, apoptosis and prenylation of keratinocytes requires further investigation. Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) of the mevalonate pathway attach to small G proteins, and serve as molecular switches in biochemical pathways. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of MVK in the expression of keratin 1 and involucrin, apoptosis, protein prenylation and the processing of small G proteins. HaCat human keratinocytes were transfected with viruses carrying MVK interference and overexpression vectors, respectively. The mRNA expression of MVK, keratin 1 and involucrin was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Protein expression of MVK, keratin 1, involucrin, lamin A, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, Rho E, Rho B, Rho A, RAC1 and cdc42 in HaCat cells was detected by western blotting. The apoptotic rates of HaCat cells and protein prenylation levels were examined by flow cytometry. The expression of MVK in HaCat cells was significantly decreased in the interference groups, and markedly increased in the overexpression group compared with the negative control groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of keratin 1 and involucrin were significantly decreased following interference of MVK expression, and the decrease was markedly attenuated by FPP. Furthermore, the apoptotic rate was markedly increased following MVK interference, and the increase was significantly attenuated by GGPP. The overexpression of MVK significantly decreased the apoptotic rate of HaCat cells. The prenylation levels after MVK interference was notably decreased, which was markedly attenuated by GGPP. The overexpression of MVK significantly increased the prenylation levels of HaCat cells. FPP or GGPP reversed MVK interference-induced decrease in geranylgeranylation levels of lamin A, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, Rho E, Rho B, Rho A, RAC1 and cdc42. In conclusion, MVK interference decreases the expression of differentiation markers, increases apoptosis, and decreases protein prenylation and geranylgeranylation levels in keratinocytes. These changes are attenuated by FPP or GGPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Naihui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ziliang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qihong Qian
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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16
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Fu H, Alabdullah M, Großmann J, Spieler F, Abdosh R, Lutz V, Kalies K, Knöpp K, Rieckmann M, Koch S, Noutsias M, Pilowski C, Dutzmann J, Sedding D, Hüttelmaier S, Umezawa K, Werdan K, Loppnow H. The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31754207 PMCID: PMC6872739 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer, sepsis, or atherosclerosis. They do so by production of cytokines, the central regulators of inflammation. Isoprenylation of small G-proteins is involved in regulation of production of some cytokines. Statins possibly affect isoprenylation-dependent cytokine production of monocytes and macrophages differentially. Thus, we compared statin-dependent cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated freshly isolated human monocytes and macrophages derived from monocytes by overnight differentiation. Stimulated monocytes readily produced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Statins did not alter cytokine production of LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages prepared in the absence of statin lost the capacity to produce cytokines, whereas macrophages prepared in the presence of statin still produced cytokines. The cells expressed indistinguishable nuclear factor-kB activity, suggesting involvement of separate, statin-dependent regulation pathways. The presence of statin was necessary during the differentiation phase of the macrophages, indicating that retainment-of-function rather than costimulation was involved. Reconstitution with mevalonic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked the retainment effect, whereas reconstitution of cholesterol synthesis by squalene did not. Inhibition of geranylgeranylation by GGTI-298, but not inhibition of farnesylation or cholesterol synthesis, mimicked the retainment effect of the statin. Inhibition of Rac1 activation by the Rac1/TIAM1-inhibitor NSC23766 or by Rac1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) blocked the retainment effect. Consistent with this finding, macrophages differentiated in the presence of statin expressed enhanced Rac1-GTP-levels. In line with the above hypothesis that monocytes and macrophages are differentially regulated by statins, the CD14/CD16-, merTK-, CX3CR1-, or CD163-expression (M2-macrophage-related) correlated inversely to the cytokine production. Thus, monocytes and macrophages display differential Rac1-geranylgeranylation-dependent functional capacities, that is, statins sway monocytes and macrophages differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fu
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Pädiatrische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Alabdullah
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Großmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Spieler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reem Abdosh
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Veronika Lutz
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Zentrum für Tumor- und Immunbiologie (ZTI), Forschungsbereich Gastroenterologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kalies
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kai Knöpp
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Max Rieckmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Koch
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Pilowski
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 480-1195, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Karl Werdan
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Harald Loppnow
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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17
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Akula MK, Ibrahim MX, Ivarsson EG, Khan OM, Kumar IT, Erlandsson M, Karlsson C, Xu X, Brisslert M, Brakebusch C, Wang D, Bokarewa M, Sayin VI, Bergo MO. Protein prenylation restrains innate immunity by inhibiting Rac1 effector interactions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3975. [PMID: 31484924 PMCID: PMC6726657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family proteins are prenylated by geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), which normally target proteins to membranes for GTP-loading. However, conditional deletion of GGTase-I in mouse macrophages increases GTP-loading of Rho proteins, leading to enhanced inflammatory responses and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that heterozygous deletion of the Rho family gene Rac1, but not Rhoa and Cdc42, reverses inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice. Non-prenylated Rac1 has a high affinity for the adaptor protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (Iqgap1), which facilitates both GTP exchange and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Rac1. Consistently, inactivating Iqgap1 normalizes Rac1 GTP-loading, and reduces inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice, as well as prevents statins from increasing Rac1 GTP-loading and cytokine production in macrophages. We conclude that blocking prenylation stimulates Rac1 effector interactions and unleashes proinflammatory signaling. Our results thus suggest that prenylation normally restrains innate immune responses by preventing Rac1 effector interactions. Macrophage specific deletion of GGTase-I, a prenylation enzyme, in mice induces inflammatory response and rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors show that GGTase-I deficiency and the resulting reduction of RAC1 prenylation increase RAC1 interaction with the adaptor protein IQGAP1, leading to GTP-loading of RAC1 and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed X Ibrahim
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil G Ivarsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar M Khan
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Research Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Israiel T Kumar
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christin Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brisslert
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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18
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Munoz MA, Jurczyluk J, Simon A, Hissaria P, Arts RJW, Coman D, Boros C, Mehr S, Rogers MJ. Defective Protein Prenylation in a Spectrum of Patients With Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1900. [PMID: 31474985 PMCID: PMC6702261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare autoinflammatory disease mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD, which includes HIDS and mevalonic aciduria) is caused by recessive, pathogenic variants in the MVK gene encoding mevalonate kinase. Deficiency of this enzyme decreases the synthesis of isoprenoid lipids and thus prevents the normal post-translational prenylation of small GTPase proteins, which then accumulate in their unprenylated form. We recently optimized a sensitive assay capable of detecting unprenylated Rab GTPase proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and showed that this assay distinguished MKD from other autoinflammatory diseases. We have now analyzed PBMCs from an additional six patients with genetically-confirmed MKD (with different compound heterozygous MVK genotypes), and compared these with PBMCs from three healthy volunteers and four unaffected control individuals heterozygous for the commonest pathogenic variant, MVKV377I. We detected a clear accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins, as well as unprenylated Rap1A by western blotting, in all six genetically-confirmed MKD patients compared to heterozygous controls and healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in the three subjects for whom measurements of residual mevalonate kinase activity was available, enzymatic activity inversely correlated with the extent of the defect in protein prenylation. Finally, a heterozygous MVKV377I patient presenting with autoinflammatory symptoms did not have defective prenylation, indicating a different cause of disease. These findings support the notion that the extent of loss of enzyme function caused by biallelic MVK variants determines the severity of defective protein prenylation, and the accumulation of unprenylated proteins in PBMCs may be a sensitive and consistent biomarker that could be used to aid, or help rule out, diagnosis of MKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A Munoz
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney & St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Jurczyluk
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney & St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Expertise Centre for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Expertise Centre for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Coman
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina Boros
- Department of Rheumatology, Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sam Mehr
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney & St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Skinner OP, Jurczyluk J, Baker PJ, Masters SL, Rios Wilks AG, Clearwater MS, Robertson AAB, Schroder K, Mehr S, Munoz MA, Rogers MJ. Lack of protein prenylation promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in human monocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2315-2317.e3. [PMID: 30797829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Skinner
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Jurczyluk
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia G Rios Wilks
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Misaki S Clearwater
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sam Mehr
- Department of Allergy/Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcia A Munoz
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Tanaka T, Yoshioka K, Nishikomori R, Sakai H, Abe J, Yamashita Y, Hiramoto R, Morimoto A, Ishii E, Arakawa H, Kaneko U, Ohshima Y, Okamoto N, Ohara O, Hata I, Shigematsu Y, Kawai T, Yasumi T, Heike T. National survey of Japanese patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency reveals distinctive genetic and clinical characteristics. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:181-187. [PMID: 29451047 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1442639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory syndrome, is caused by disease-causing variants of the mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene. A national survey was undertaken to investigate clinical and genetic features of MKD patients in Japan. METHODS The survey identified ten patients with MKD. Clinical information and laboratory data were collected from medical records and by direct interviews with patients, their families, and their attending physicians. Genetic analysis and measurement of MVK activity and urinary excretion of mevalonic acid were performed. RESULTS None of the 10 patients harbored MVK disease-causing variants that are common in European patients. However, overall symptoms were in line with previous European reports. Continuous fever was observed in half of the patients. Elevated transaminase was observed in four of the 10 patients, two of whom fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. About half of the patients responded to temporary administration of glucocorticoids and NSAIDs; the others required biologics such as anti-IL-1 drugs. CONCLUSION This is the first national survey of MKD patients in a non-European country. Although clinical symptoms were similar to those reported in Europe, the incidence of continuous fever and elevated transaminase was higher, probably due to differences in disease-causing variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshioka
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishikomori
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hidemasa Sakai
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Junya Abe
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan.,b Department of Pediatrics , Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamashita
- c Department of Pediatrics , Matsudo City General Hospital Children's Medical Centre , Matsudo , Japan
| | - Ryugo Hiramoto
- c Department of Pediatrics , Matsudo City General Hospital Children's Medical Centre , Matsudo , Japan
| | - Akira Morimoto
- d Department of Pediatrics , Jichi Medical University of School of Medicine , Shimotsuke , Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- e Department of Pediatrics , Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine , Toon , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arakawa
- f Department of Pediatrics , Gumma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Utako Kaneko
- g Department of Pediatrics , Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Yusei Ohshima
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Fukui , Japan
| | - Nami Okamoto
- i Department of Pediatrics , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- j Department of Technology, Kazusa DNA Research Institute , Chiba , Japan
| | - Ikue Hata
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Fukui , Japan
| | - Yosuke Shigematsu
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Fukui , Japan
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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21
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Lachmann HJ. Periodic fever syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 31:596-609. [PMID: 29773275 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodic fever syndromes are autoinflammatory diseases. The majority present in infancy or childhood and are characterised by recurrent episodes of fever and systemic inflammation that occur in the absence of autoantibody production or identifiable infection. The best recognised disorders include CAPS, FMF, TRAPS and MKD. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of these disorders provides unique insights into the regulation of innate immunity. Diagnosis relies on clinical acumen and is supported by genetic testing. With the exception of FMF, which is prevalent in populations originating from the Mediterranean, these syndromes are rare and easily overlooked in the investigation of recurrent fevers. Disease severity varies from mild to life threatening, and one of the most feared complications is AA amyloidosis. Effective therapies are available for many of the syndromes, including colchicine, IL-1 blockade and anti-TNF therapies, and there is an increasing interest in blocking interferon pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre and Centre for Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
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