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Yang F, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yuan J, Gao J, Chen H, Li X. The pathogenesis of food allergy and protection offered by dietary compounds from the perspective of epigenetics. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109593. [PMID: 38336123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy is a global food safety concern, with an increasing prevalence in recent decades. However, the immunological and cellular mechanisms involved in allergic reactions remain incompletely understood, which impedes the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Current evidence supports those epigenetic modifications regulate the activation of immune cells, and their dysregulation can contribute to the development of food allergies. Patients with food allergy show epigenetic alterations that lead to the onset, duration and recovery of allergic disease. Moreover, many preclinical studies have shown that certain dietary components exert nutriepigenetic effects in changing the course of food allergies. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of DNA methylation, noncoding RNA and histone modification, with a focus on their connections to food allergies. Following this, we discuss the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the activation and differentiation of innate and adapted immune cell in the context of food allergies. Subsequently, this study specifically focuses on the multidimensional epigenetic effects of dietary components in modulating the immune response, which holds promise for preventing food allergies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yanhai Xie
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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2
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López-Fandiño R, Molina E, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγt + cells and oral tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294292. [PMID: 37936708 PMCID: PMC10626553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause physical damage. This balance requires a constant adjustment of absorptive and defending functions by sensing environmental changes or noxious substances and initiating adaptive or protective mechanisms against them through a complex network of receptors integrated with the central nervous system that communicate with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Effective homeostatic processes at barrier sites take the responsibility for oral tolerance, which protects from adverse reactions to food that cause allergic diseases. During a very specific time interval in early life, the establishment of a stable microbiota in the large intestine is sufficient to prevent pathological events in adulthood towards a much larger bacterial community and provide tolerance towards diverse food antigens encountered later in life. The beneficial effects of the microbiome are mainly exerted by innate and adaptive cells that express the transcription factor RORγt, in whose generation, mediated by different bacterial metabolites, retinoic acid signalling plays a predominant role. In addition, recent investigations indicate that food antigens also contribute, analogously to microbial-derived signals, to educating innate immune cells and instructing the development and function of RORγt+ cells in the small intestine, complementing and expanding the tolerogenic effect of the microbiome in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms through which microbiota-produced metabolites and dietary antigens maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the complementarity and redundancy between their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Notarbartolo V, Carta M, Accomando S, Giuffrè M. The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:4014. [PMID: 37764797 PMCID: PMC10534753 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease, including food allergies (FA)s, has been identified as a major global disease. The first 1000 days of life can be a "window of opportunity" or a "window of susceptibility", during which several factors can predispose children to FA development. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to infancy may play a pivotal role in this regard: some bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, seem to be protective against FA development. On the contrary, Clostridium and Staphylococcus appear to be unprotective. METHODS We conducted research on the most recent literature (2013-2023) using the PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews in English. Case reports, series, and letters were excluded. RESULTS During pregnancy, the maternal diet can play a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota composition of newborns. After birth, human milk can promote the development of protective microbial species via human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which play a prebiotic role. Moreover, complementary feeding can modify the gut microbiota's composition. CONCLUSIONS The first two years of life are a critical period, during which several factors can increase the risk of FA development in genetically predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Notarbartolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Neonatology, “G.F. Ingrassia” Hospital Unit, ASP 6, 90131 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Carta
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Accomando
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinic “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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4
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Cañas JA, Núñez R, Cruz-Amaya A, Gómez F, Torres MJ, Palomares F, Mayorga C. Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:4345. [PMID: 34959895 PMCID: PMC8708211 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is an increasing problem worldwide and, over recent years, its prevalence is rising in developed countries. Nowadays, the immunological and cellular processes that occur in the allergic reactions are not fully understood, which hampers the development of in vitro diagnostic tools and further treatment options. Moreover, allergic diseases could be reinforced by environmental exposure and genetic modifications. Gene expression can be controlled by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. In addition, several environmental factors such as dietary components (vitamin D, butyrate, folic acid) are able to regulate this epigenetic mechanism. All these factors produce modifications in immune genes that could alter the development and function of immune cells, and therefore the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, these epigenetic mechanisms have also an influence on immunomodulation, which could explain sustained responsiveness or unresponsiveness during immunotherapy due to epigenetic modifications in key genes that induce tolerance in several FA. Thus, in this review we focus on the different epigenetic mechanisms that occur in FA and on the influence of several dietary components in these gene modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Cañas
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.N.); (A.C.-A.); (F.P.)
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Rafael Núñez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.N.); (A.C.-A.); (F.P.)
| | - Anyith Cruz-Amaya
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.N.); (A.C.-A.); (F.P.)
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisca Gómez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain;
| | - María J. Torres
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain;
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.N.); (A.C.-A.); (F.P.)
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.N.); (A.C.-A.); (F.P.)
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain;
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5
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Ali A, Hamzaid NH, Ismail NAS. The Interplay of Nutriepigenomics, Personalized Nutrition and Clinical Practice in Managing Food Allergy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1275. [PMID: 34833150 PMCID: PMC8623511 DOI: 10.3390/life11111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy in children has been a common issue due to the challenges of prescribing personalized nutrition with a lack of nutriepigenomics data. This has indeed further influenced clinical practice for appropriate management. While allergen avoidance is still the main principle in food allergy management, we require more information to advance the science behind nutrition, genes, and the immune system. Many researchers have highlighted the importance of personalized nutrition but there is a lack of data on how the decision is made. Thus, this review highlights the relationship among these key players in identifying the solution to the clinical management of food allergy with current nutriepigenomics data. The discussion integrates various inputs, including clinical assessments, biomarkers, and epigenetic information pertaining to food allergy, to curate a holistic and personalized approach to food allergy management in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Hana Hamzaid
- Dietetic Program & Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies (iCaRehab), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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6
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Tian M, Hao F, Jin X, Sun X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li D, Chang T, Zou Y, Peng P, Xia C, Liu J, Li Y, Wang P, Feng Y, Wei M. ACLY ubiquitination by CUL3-KLHL25 induces the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism to facilitate iTreg differentiation. eLife 2021; 10:62394. [PMID: 34491895 PMCID: PMC8423445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells play a central role in immune suppression. As iTreg cells are differentiated from activated T (Th0) cells, cell metabolism undergoes dramatic changes, including a shift from fatty acid synthesis (FAS) to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Although the reprogramming in fatty acid metabolism is critical, the mechanism regulating this process during iTreg differentiation is still unclear. Here we have revealed that the enzymatic activity of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) declined significantly during iTreg differentiation upon transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. This reduction was due to CUL3-KLHL25-mediated ACLY ubiquitination and degradation. As a consequence, malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate in FAS that is capable of inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in FAO, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), was decreased. Therefore, ACLY ubiquitination and degradation facilitate FAO and thereby iTreg differentiation. Together, we suggest TGFβ1-CUL3-KLHL25-ACLY axis as an important means regulating iTreg differentiation and bring insights into the maintenance of immune homeostasis for the prevention of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoyi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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7
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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8
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Miller JM, Davis CM, Anvari S. The clinical and immune outcomes after food allergen immunotherapy emphasizing the development of tolerance. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019; 31:821-827. [PMID: 31693593 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review serves to outline the direction of food allergy immunotherapy research with an emphasis on clinical and immunologic outcomes. It helps to delineate sustained unresponsiveness achieved from food immunotherapy as the clinical outcome most similar to immune tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS We will discuss the difference between immune tolerance, desensitization, and sustained unresponsiveness in relation to food immunotherapy by discussing the clinical and immunologic changes which have been recently discovered. SUMMARY Research has recently shown that oral immunotherapy is most efficacious clinically at achieving desensitization to a food and sustained unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carla M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Anvari
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Yamamoto T, Matsunami E, Komori K, Hayashi S, Kadowaki M. The isoflavone puerarin induces Foxp3 + regulatory T cells by augmenting retinoic acid production, thereby inducing mucosal immune tolerance in a murine food allergy model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:626-631. [PMID: 31235250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of intestinal mucosal immune tolerance can lead to the development of intestinal immune diseases such as food allergy (FA). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mucosa play a critical role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance in the intestine, and retinoic acid (RA) is absolutely required for the induction of Tregs. We have previously reported that kakkonto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, suppresses FA in a murine FA model due to the induction of Tregs in the colonic mucosa. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of Tregs remain unclear. Puerarin, an isoflavone derivative, is a major constituent of kakkonto. Thus, we investigated the effect of puerarin on the induction of Tregs. BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized and then orally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) as an FA model. Puerarin treatment suppressed the development of allergic diarrhea in FA mice. The gene expression levels of IL-4 and mast cell protease I (mMCP-1) were significantly upregulated in the proximal colon of FA mice but were reduced by puerarin. The proportions of Foxp3+CD4+ cells and CD103+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly higher among the colonic lamina propria (cLP) cells of puerarin-treated FA mice than among those of untreated FA mice. The gene expression of Aldh1a1, an RA synthesis enzyme, in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) was significantly higher in the puerarin-treated FA mouse colon than in the untreated FA mouse colon. In addition, the preventive effect of puerarin was suppressed in the FA model by pretreatment with LE540, an RA receptor (RAR) antagonist. The induction of Foxp3+CD4+ cells and CD103+CD11c+ DCs by puerarin was reduced by pretreatment with LE540. The present findings indicate that the augmentation of RA production in CECs induced by puerarin enhances the induction of Tregs and suppresses the development of FA in a mouse model. Thus, a natural enhancer of RA production, such as puerarin, has the potential to treat immune diseases attributed to Treg deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Emi Matsunami
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koji Komori
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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10
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Paparo L, Nocerino R, Bruno C, Di Scala C, Cosenza L, Bedogni G, Di Costanzo M, Mennini M, D'Argenio V, Salvatore F, Berni Canani R. Randomized controlled trial on the influence of dietary intervention on epigenetic mechanisms in children with cow's milk allergy: the EPICMA study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2828. [PMID: 30808949 PMCID: PMC6391485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms could drive the disease course of cow’s milk allergy (CMA) and formula choice could modulate these pathways. We compared the effect of two different dietary approaches on epigenetic mechanisms in CMA children. Randomized controlled trial on IgE-mediated CMA children receiving a 12-month treatment with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula containing the probiotic L.rhamnosus GG (EHCF + LGG) or with soy formula (SF). At the baseline, after 6 and 12 months of treatment FoxP3 methylation rate and its expression in CD4+ T cells were assessed. At same study points IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ methylation rate, expression and serum concentration, miRNAs expression were also investigated. 20 children (10/group) were evaluated. Baseline demographic, clinical and epigenetic features were similar in the two study groups. At 6 and 12 months, EHCF + LGG group showed a significant increase in FoxP3 demethylation rate compared to SF group. At the same study points, EHCF + LGG group presented a higher increase in IL-4 and IL-5 and a higher reduction in IL-10 and IFN-γ DNA methylation rate compared to SF group. A different modulation of miR-155, -146a, -128 and -193a expression was observed in EHCF + LGG vs. SF. Dietary intervention could exert a different epigenetic modulation on the immune system in CMA children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Bruno
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Di Scala
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Cosenza
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria D'Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., University Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Skevaki C, Renz H. Advances in mechanisms of allergic disease in 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1730-1739. [PMID: 30315828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly type 2 innate lymphoid cells, TH2 lymphocytes, B cells, dendritic cells, microbiome and barrier function, eosinophils, and mast cells. During the last year, considerable progress has been made in the further characterization of type 2 inflammation controlled by both adaptive (TH2) and type 2 innate lymphoid effector cells. New pathways of lymphocyte activation, trafficking, and recruitment and effector cell mechanisms have been discovered. The plasticity of lymphocyte effector cell responses is another area in which major progress has been achieved. Accumulating evidence will influence both our understanding of allergic disease and our efforts for allergy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Ramesh M, Karagic M. New modalities of allergen immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2848-2863. [PMID: 30183485 PMCID: PMC6343630 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1502126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field. Although subcutaneous immunotherapy has been practiced for over a hundred years, improved understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms has led to the development of new, efficacious and better tolerated allergen-derivatives, adjuvants and encapsulated allergens. Diverse routes of allergen immunotherapy - oral, sublingual, epicutanoeus and intralymphatic - are enabling immunotherapy for anaphylactic food allergies and pollen-food allergy syndrome, while improving the tolerability and effectiveness of aeroallergen immunotherapy. The addition of Anti-IgE therapy decreases adverse effects of subcutaneous and oral immunotherapy.
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Epigenetic dysregulation of naive CD4+ T-cell activation genes in childhood food allergy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3308. [PMID: 30120223 PMCID: PMC6098117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy poses a significant clinical and public health burden affecting 2–10% of infants. Using integrated DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiling, we found that polyclonal activation of naive CD4+ T cells through the T cell receptor results in poorer lymphoproliferative responses in children with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Reduced expression of cell cycle-related targets of the E2F and MYC transcription factor networks, and remodeling of DNA methylation at metabolic (RPTOR, PIK3D, MAPK1, FOXO1) and inflammatory genes (IL1R, IL18RAP, CD82) underpins this suboptimal response. Infants who fail to resolve food allergy in later childhood exhibit cumulative increases in epigenetic disruption at T cell activation genes and poorer lymphoproliferative responses compared to children who resolved food allergy. Our data indicate epigenetic dysregulation in the early stages of signal transduction through the T cell receptor complex, and likely reflects pathways modified by gene–environment interactions in food allergy. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is a major issue that affects 2–10% of infants. Here the authors study the epigenetic regulation of the naive CD4+ T cell activation response among children with IgE-mediated food allergy finding epigenetic dysregulation in the early stages of signal transduction through the T cell receptor complex.
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Aguilera-Insunza R, Venegas LF, Iruretagoyena M, Rojas L, Borzutzky A. Role of dendritic cells in peanut allergy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:367-378. [PMID: 29681186 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1467757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) has increased, affecting approximately 1.1% of children in Western countries. PA causes life-threatening anaphylaxis and frequently persists for life. There are no standardized curative therapies for PA, and avoidance of peanuts remains the main therapeutic option. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of PA is essential to identify new treatment strategies. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in the induction and maintenance of food tolerance because they present dietary allergens to T cells, thereby directing subsequent immune responses. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the factors related to the acquisition of oral tolerance to peanut proteins. We focus on intestinal DC-related aspects, including the latest advances in the biology of intestinal DC subtypes, effect of tolerance-inducing factors on DCs, effect of dietary components on oral tolerance, and role of DCs in peanut sensitization. Expert commentary: Given the increasing prevalence of PA, difficulty of avoiding peanut products, and the potentially serious accidental reactions, the development of novel therapies for PA is needed. The ability of DCs to trigger tolerance or immunity makes them an interesting target for new treatment strategies against PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aguilera-Insunza
- a Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Luis F Venegas
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mirentxu Iruretagoyena
- a Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- b Translational Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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