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Gutiérrez-Vera C, García-Betancourt R, Palacios PA, Müller M, Montero DA, Verdugo C, Ortiz F, Simon F, Kalergis AM, González PA, Saavedra-Avila NA, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ. Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364774. [PMID: 38629075 PMCID: PMC11018981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Verdugo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Wang J, Jiang T, Hu JD. Risk prediction model construction for asthma after allergic rhinitis by blood immune T effector cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37287. [PMID: 38394538 PMCID: PMC10883636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) are prevalent and frequently co-occurring respiratory diseases, with mutual influence on each other. They share similar etiology, pathogenesis, and pathological changes. Due to the anatomical continuity between the upper and lower respiratory tracts, allergic inflammation in the nasal cavity can readily propagate downwards, leading to bronchial inflammation and asthma. AR serves as a significant risk factor for AS by potentially inducing airway hyperresponsiveness in patients. Currently, there is a lack of reliable predictors for the progression from AR to AS. METHODS In this exhaustive investigation, we reexamined peripheral blood single cell RNA sequencing datasets from patients with AS following AR and healthy individuals. In addition, we used the bulk RNA sequencing dataset as a validation lineup, which included AS, AR, and healthy controls. Using marker genes of related cell subtype, signatures predicting the progression of AR to AS were generated. RESULTS We identified a subtype of immune-activating effector T cells that can distinguish patients with AS after AR. By combining specific marker genes of effector T cell subtype, we established prediction models of 16 markers. The model holds great promise for assessing AS risk in individuals with AR, providing innovative avenues for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. CONCLUSION Subcluster T effector cells may play a key role in post-AR AS. Notably, ACTR3 and HSPA8 genes were significantly upregulated in the blood of AS patients compared to healthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Dao Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Wang JC, Chi PY, Chang YL, Ting YT, Chen SY, Chang YJ. Identification of a PD-L1+Tim-1+ iNKT subset that protects against fine particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:164157. [PMID: 36477357 PMCID: PMC9746902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with acute and chronic lung inflammation, the etiology of PM2.5-induced airway inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we report that PM2.5 triggered airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation with concomitant increases in Th1 and Th17 responses and epithelial cell apoptosis. We found that γδ T cells promoted neutrophilic inflammation and AHR through IL-17A. Unexpectedly, we found that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells played a protective role in PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation. Specifically, PM2.5 activated a suppressive CD4- iNKT cell subset that coexpressed Tim-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Activation of this suppressive subset was mediated by Tim-1 recognition of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. The suppressive iNKT subset inhibited γδ T cell expansion and intrinsic IL-17A production, and the inhibitory effects of iNKT cells on the cytokine-producing capacity of γδ T cells were mediated in part by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Taken together, our findings underscore a pathogenic role for IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in PM2.5-elicited inflammation and identify PD-L1+Tim-1+CD4- iNKT cells as a protective subset that prevents PM2.5-induced AHR and neutrophilia by inhibiting γδ T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Opposing Roles of DCs and iNKT Cells in the Induction of Foxp3 Expression by MLN CD25 +CD4 + T Cells during IFNγ-Driven Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315316. [PMID: 36499642 PMCID: PMC9738888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a deficiency of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Yeti mice that exhibit IFNγ-mediated hyper-inflammation. Although iNKT cell-deficiency resulted in reduced Foxp3 expression by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T cells in DSS-treated Yeti mice, the cellular mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression by CD25+CD4+ T cells during intestinal inflammation remain unclear. We found that Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 phenotypic hallmarks preferentially expanded in the MLNs of DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Yeti iNKT cells into iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 KO mice effectively suppressed the expansion of MLN Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells during DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, MLN dendritic cells (DCs) purified from DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice promoted the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells rather than regulatory T (Treg) cells, indicating that MLN DCs might mediate Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cell expansion in iNKT cell-sufficient Yeti mice. Furthermore, we showed that Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells were pathogenic in DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice. Our result suggests that pro-inflammatory DCs and CD1d-restricted iNKT cells play opposing roles in Foxp3 expression by MLN CD25+CD4+ T cells during IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation, with potential therapeutic implications.
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5
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Roles and therapeutic potential of CD1d-Restricted NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979370. [PMID: 36119077 PMCID: PMC9478174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides. Due to their immunoregulatory properties, extensive work has been done to elucidate the immune functions of NKT cells in various immune contexts such as autoimmunity for more than two decades. In addition, as research on barrier immunity such as the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue has flourished in recent years, the role of NKT cells to immunity in the skin has attracted substantial attention. Here, we review the contributions of NKT cells to regulating skin inflammation and discuss the factors that can modulate the functions of NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. This mini-review article will mainly focus on CD1d-dependent NKT cells and their therapeutic potential in skin-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seokmann Hong,
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6
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Repeated α-GalCer Administration Induces a Type 2 Cytokine-Biased iNKT Cell Response and Exacerbates Atopic Skin Inflammation in Vα14 Tg NC/Nga Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111619. [PMID: 34829848 PMCID: PMC8615984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Vα14 TCR Tg (Vα14Tg) NC/Nga (NC) mice contain increased numbers of double-negative (DN) invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells that protect against spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis (AD). iNKT cells can regulate immune responses by producing various cytokines such as IFNγ and IL4 rapidly upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a prototypical iNKT cell agonist. However, the precise role of α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells in AD development remains unclear. Therefore, we examined whether repeated activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer can regulate the pathogenesis of AD in Vα14Tg NC mice. We found that Vα14Tg NC mice injected repeatedly with α-GalCer display exacerbated AD symptoms (e.g., a higher clinical score, IgE hyperproduction, and increased numbers of splenic mast cells and neutrophils) compared with vehicle-injected Vα14Tg NC mice. Moreover, the severity of AD pathogenesis in α-GalCer-injected Vα14Tg NC mice correlated with increased Th2 cells but reduced Th1 and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Furthermore, the resulting alterations in the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th2 balance were strongly associated with a biased expansion of type 2 cytokine-deviated iNKT cells in α-GalCer-treated Vα14Tg NC mice. Collectively, our results have demonstrated the adverse effect of repeated α-GalCer treatment on skin inflammation mediated by type 2 immunity.
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7
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Miller RL, Grayson MH, Strothman K. Advances in asthma: New understandings of asthma's natural history, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1430-1441. [PMID: 34655640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The last 2 years yielded a proliferation of high-quality asthma research. These include new understandings of the incidence and natural history of asthma, findings on the effects of exposure to air pollution, allergens, and intake of acetaminophen, soy isoflavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and exposure to microbial products. The past 2 years have benefited from great strides in determining potential mechanisms of asthma development and asthma exacerbations. These novel understandings led to identification and development of exciting new avenues for potential therapeutic intervention. Finally, there has been significant progress made in the development of tools to facilitate the diagnosis of asthma and measurement of airway physiology and in precision diagnostic approaches. Asthma guidelines were updated and new insights into the pharmacologic management of patients, including biologics, were reported. We review the most notable advances in the natural history of asthma, risk factors for the development of asthma, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatments. Although greater knowledge of the mechanisms underlying responses and nonresponses to novel therapeutics and across asthma phenotypes would be beneficial, the progress over just the past 2 years has been immense and impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kasey Strothman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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8
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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9
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Prigge AD, Ma R, Coates BM, Singer BD, Ridge KM. Age-Dependent Differences in T-Cell Responses to Influenza A Virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:415-423. [PMID: 32609537 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0169tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections from influenza A virus (IAV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in children relative to adults. T cells play a critical role in the host response to IAV by supporting the innate and humoral responses, mediating cytotoxic activity, and promoting recovery. There are age-dependent differences in the number, subsets, and localization of T cells, which impact the host response to pathogens. In this article, we first review how T cells recognize IAV and examine differences in the resting T-cell populations between juveniles and adults. Next, we describe how the juvenile CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T-cell responses compare with those in adults and discuss the potential physiologic and clinical consequences of the differences. Finally, we explore the roles of two unconventional T-cell types in the juvenile response to influenza, natural-killer T cells and γδ T cells. A clear understanding of age-dependent differences in the T-cell response is essential to developing therapies to prevent or reverse the deleterious effects of IAV in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Prigge
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Bria M Coates
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics.,Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics.,Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, and
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
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10
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de Lima Moreira M, Souter MNT, Chen Z, Loh L, McCluskey J, Pellicci DG, Eckle SBG. Hypersensitivities following allergen antigen recognition by unconventional T cells. Allergy 2020; 75:2477-2490. [PMID: 32181878 PMCID: PMC11056244 DOI: 10.1111/all.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional T cells recognise protein-derived antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and class II molecules and provide anti-microbial and anti-tumour immunity. Conventional T cells have also been implicated in type IV (also termed delayed-type or T cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions in response to protein-derived allergen antigens. In addition to conventional T cells, subsets of unconventional T cells exist, which recognise non-protein antigens in the context of monomorphic MHC class I-like molecules. These include T cells that are restricted to the cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family members, known as CD1-restricted T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) that are restricted to the MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). Compared with conventional T cells, much less is known about the immune functions of unconventional T cells and their role in hypersensitivities. Here, we review allergen antigen presentation by MHC-I-like molecules, their recognition by unconventional T cells, and the potential role of unconventional T cells in hypersensitivities. We also speculate on possible scenarios of allergen antigen presentation by MHC-I-like molecules to unconventional T cells, the hallmarks of such responses, and the expected frequencies of hypersensitivities within the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela de Lima Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael N. T. Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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11
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LaMarche NM, Kane H, Kohlgruber AC, Dong H, Lynch L, Brenner MB. Distinct iNKT Cell Populations Use IFNγ or ER Stress-Induced IL-10 to Control Adipose Tissue Homeostasis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:243-258.e6. [PMID: 32516575 PMCID: PMC8234787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are phenotypically different from other iNKT cells because they produce IL-10 and control metabolic homeostasis. Why that is the case is unclear. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found several adipose iNKT clusters, which we grouped into two functional populations based on NK1.1 expression. NK1.1NEG cells almost exclusively produced IL-10 and other regulatory cytokines, while NK1.1POS iNKT cells predominantly produced IFNγ. Mechanistically, biochemical fractionation revealed that free fatty acids drive IL-10 production primarily in NK1.1NEG iNKT cells via the IRE1α-XBP1s arm of the unfolded protein response. Correspondingly, adoptive transfer of adipose tissue NK1.1NEG iNKT cells selectively restored metabolic function in obese mice. Further, we found an unexpected role for NK1.1POS iNKT cells in lean adipose tissue, as IFNγ licenses natural killer cell-mediated macrophage killing to limit pathological macrophage expansion. Together, these two iNKT cell populations utilize non-redundant pathways to preserve metabolic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M LaMarche
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harry Kane
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Lin X, Ren X, Xiao X, Yang Z, Yao S, Wong GW, Liu Z, Wang C, Su Z, Li J. Important Role of Immunological Responses to Environmental Exposure in the Development of Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:934-948. [PMID: 32935487 PMCID: PMC7492518 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.6.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a public health problem that affects human health and socioeconomic development. Studies have found that the prevalence of asthma has significantly increased in recent years, which has become particularly pronounced in developed countries. With rapid urbanization in China in the last 3 decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased significantly in urban areas. As changes in genetic backgrounds of human populations are limited, environmental exposure may be a major factor that is responsible for the increased prevalence of asthma. This review focuses on environmental components of farms and rural areas that may have protective effects in reducing the development of asthma. Farm and rural related microorganism- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns are considered to be important environmental factors that modulate host's innate and adaptive immune system to induce protection effects later in life. Environmental microbial-related immunotherapy will also be discussed as the future research direction for the prevention of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliu Lin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiao
- Institute of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaowei Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Siyang Yao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gary Wk Wong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zhong Su
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Bacharier LB, Mori A, Kita H. Advances in asthma, asthma-COPD overlap, and related biologics in 2018. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:906-919. [PMID: 31476323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past year, numerous important advances in our understanding of multiple aspects of asthma, ranging from disease pathogenesis to epidemiology to therapeutics, have been reported. This review is a compilation of highlights from articles published largely in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and supplemented by articles published elsewhere that have substantially advanced the fields of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap and biologic therapies for these disorders. The intention of this article is not to provide a comprehensive review but rather to focus on several areas that have developed quickly and/or received extensive attention from our readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo.
| | - Akio Mori
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
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14
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Ryu S, Park JS, Kim HY, Kim JH. Lipid-Reactive T Cells in Immunological Disorders of the Lung. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2205. [PMID: 30319649 PMCID: PMC6168663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell-mediated immunity in the lungs is critical for prevention of immune-related lung disorders and for host protection from pathogens. While the prevalent view of pulmonary T cell responses is based on peptide recognition by antigen receptors, called T cell receptors (TCR), on the T cell surface in the context of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, novel pathways involving the presentation of lipid antigens by cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) molecules to lipid-reactive T cells are emerging as key players in pulmonary immune system. Whereas, genetic conservation of group II CD1 (CD1d) in mouse and human genomes facilitated numerous in vivo studies of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in lung diseases, the recent development of human CD1-transgenic mice has made it possible to examine the physiological roles of group I CD1 (CD1a-c) molecules in lung immunity. Here, we discuss current understanding of the biology of CD1-reactive T cells with a specific focus on their roles in several pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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