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Cao J, Liu Y, Wang W, Du P, Liu G, Ma Y, Wang Y. Facile fabricate sandwich-structured molecularly imprinted dopamine polymer for simultaneously specific capture of Low-density lipoprotein and eliminate "bad cholesterol". J Chromatogr A 2024; 1724:464910. [PMID: 38657316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A simplified approach for preparation of sandwich type molecularly imprinted polymers (PPDA-MIPs) is proposed for simultaneously identify Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and dispose "bad cholesterol". Porous polydopamine nanosphere (PPDA) is applied as a matrix for immobilization of LDL, and the imprinted layer is formed by dopamine acting as a functional monomer. Since imprinted cavities exhibit shape memory effects in terms of recognizing selectivity, the PPDA-MIPs exhibit excellent selectivity toward LDL and a substantial binding capacity of 550.3 μg mg-1. Meanwhile, six adsorption/desorption cycles later, the adsorption efficiency of 83.09 % is still achieved, indicating the adequate stability and reusability of PPDA-MIPs. Additionally, over 80 % of cholesterol is recovered, indicating the completeness of "bad cholesterol" removal in LDL. Lastly, as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, PPDA-MIPs performed satisfactory behavior for the removal of LDL from the goat serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Cao
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro‑Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro‑Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weiting Wang
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro‑Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Pengfei Du
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro‑Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro‑Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanshang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Maliwal D, Pissurlenkar RRS, Telvekar V. Comprehensive computational study in the identification of novel potential cholesterol lowering agents targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4656-4667. [PMID: 37309035 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic target proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is critically involved in the regulation of the lipoprotein metabolism leading to the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) upon binding. Drugs that lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) through the inhibition of PCSK9 are useful in the management of hypercholesterolemia which greatly reduces the associated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2015, anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alirocumab and evolocumab were approved but owing to their high costs their prior authorization practices were impeded, reducing their long-term adherence. This has drawn considerable attention for the development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors. In this research work, novel and diverse molecules with affinity towards PCSK9 thereby having ability to lower cholesterol. A hierarchical multistep docking was implemented to identify small molecules from chemical libraries with a score cutoff -8.00 kcal/mol, thereby weeding all the non-potential molecules. A set of seven representative molecules Z1139749023, Z1142698190, Z2242867634, Z2242893449, Z2242894417, Z2242909019, and Z2242914794 have been identified from a comprehensive computational study which included assessment of pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles and binding interactions along with in-depth analysis of structural dynamics and integrity using prolong molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (in-duplicate). Furthermore the binding affinity of these PCSK9 inhibitory candidates molecules was ascertained over 1000 trajectory frames using MM-GBSA calculations. The molecules reported herein are propitious candidates for further development through necessary experimental considerations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Maliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vikas Telvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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3
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Zhang J, Zhao M, Yu H, Wang Q, Shen F, Cai H, Feng F, Tang J. Palmitoleic Acid Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300749. [PMID: 38511225 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Palmitoleic acid (POA) is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been suggested to improve metabolic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota plays a role in the amelioration of metabolic disorders by POA. This study aims to investigate the regulation of POA on metabolism, as well as systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice from the perspective of serum metabolome and gut microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to either a normal chow diet containing 1.9% w/w lard or an HFD containing 20.68% w/w lard or 20.68% w/w sea buckthorn pulp oil for 16 weeks. The study finds that POA significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. POA supplementation significantly alters the composition of serum metabolites, particularly lipid metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. POA obviously increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreases the abundance of Allobaculum. Importantly, the study finds that glycerophosphocholine mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on LDL-C, sphingomyelin mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on IL-6, and maslinic acid mediates the effect of Allobaculum on IL-6. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exogenous POA can improve metabolic disorders and inflammation in HFD-fed mice, potentially by modulating the serum metabolome and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science &Technology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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4
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Yadav S, Sawhney JPS. Treatment of dyslipidemia in acute coronary syndrome. Indian Heart J 2024; 76 Suppl 1:S51-S57. [PMID: 38307382 PMCID: PMC11019335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous improvements in the management of acute coronary syndrome(ACS), it is a major cause of mortality in India. Lipids play a critical role in pathogenesis of ACS and reduction of lipid parameters plays a pivotal role in secondary prevention. High total cholesterol and high low-density lipoprotein(LDL) are the major lipid abnormalities globally as well as in Indians. Among all the lipid parameters, LDL is the primary target of lipid-lowering therapies across the globe. High-dose statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, and bempedoic acid are recommended therapies for LDL reduction in ACS patients. Statins have pleiotropic effects on the modulation of thrombogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial protection. Multiple randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that the use of high-dose statin has significant benefits in ACS. LDL reduction goal is < 55 mg/dl or at least 50 % reduction from the baseline regardless of age or gender. Non-fasting LDL should be measured soon after the ACS as it varies minimally with food intake. The first line of therapy after ACS is to advise lifestyle modifications, combination therapy including high-dose statin with ezetimibe, and evaluation after 4-6 weeks of the index event. If the goal is not achieved then PCSK 9 inhibitors or Bempedoic acid should be used in combination with statins and ezetimibe to reduce recurrent ischaemic events. Despite the proven effect of these lipid-lowering therapies, undertreatment is still a big hurdle across the globe. Prohibitive costs, adverse effects, medication non-adherence, variation in health practice in different countries, and clinical inertia to prescribe this medication by physicians are the main reasons for the undertreatment.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhu D, Xu G, Li H, Zhang L. Discovery of (2-(4-Substituted phenyl)quinolin-4-yl)(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone Derivatives as Potent Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300498. [PMID: 38054966 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In pursuit of potent small molecules that block the PCSK9/low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein-protein interaction (PPI), a series of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized based on previously derived molecules. In the in vitro PPI inhibition test, compounds M1, M12, M14, M18 and M27 exhibited potent activities with IC50 values of 6.25 μM, 0.91 μM, 2.81 μM, 4.26 μM and 0.76 μM, respectively, compared with SBC-115337 (IC50 value of 9.24 μM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the importance of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of inhibitors to the PPI interface of PCSK9. In LDLR expression and LDL uptake assays, the tested compounds M1, M12 and M14 were found to restore LDLR expression levels and to increase the extracellular LDL uptake capacity of HepG2 cells in the presence of exogenous PCSK9. Collectively, novel small-molecule PCSK9/LDLR PPI inhibitors (especially M12) with in vitro lipid lowering ability, were discovered as lead compounds for further development of hypolipidemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dongqi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guangzhao Xu
- Harway Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongying, Shandong, China
- Weifang Synovtech New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Vidović N, Knez M, Ranić M, Faid F, Jović D, Glibetic M, Takić M. Comparative assessment of erythrocyte sphingolipid levels as potential cardiovascular health markers in women from Libya and Serbia: a small-scale study. Libyan J Med 2023; 18:2264568. [PMID: 37804002 PMCID: PMC10561568 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2264568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide including Libya, where they account for 43% of all deaths. Sphingolipids are involved in the pathology of numerous diseases including cardiovascular diseases and are proposed as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular health that could be more effective compared to traditional clinical biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine the sphingolipid content in the erythrocyte membrane of Libyan migrant and Serbian resident women. In addition, to examine if sphingolipid levels could be used as a novel indicator of cardiovascular risk, we evaluated possible correlations with some well-established biomarkers of cardiovascular health.Materials and Methods: A total of 13 Libyan and 15 Serbian healthy women participated in the study. The high-performance version thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) using the image analysis tool JustTLC was applied for quantification of erythrocytes' sphingolipids.Results: Lower mean values of erythrocytes' sphingolipids and cholesterol concentrations were found in the group of Libyan emigrants compared to Serbian resident women. Besides, in this group of apparently healthy women (n = 28), the sphingolipid content of erythrocytes was inversely related to the Omega-3 index (r =-0.492, p = 0.008) and directly linked to vitamin D status (r = 0.433, p = 0.021) and membrane cholesterol levels (r = 0.474, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The erythrocytes' sphingolipid levels should be measured/assessed as an additional biomarker of CV health, by applying a simple and routine method. Still, further investigation in a larger population-specific context is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Vidović
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Knez
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ranić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fathia Faid
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Nursing, Misurata University, Misrata, Libya
| | - Dragana Jović
- Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Johari NH, Menichini C, Hamady M, Xu XY. Computational modeling of low-density lipoprotein accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation after stenting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3772. [PMID: 37730441 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis typically occurs in regions of low and oscillating wall shear stress, which also favor the accumulation of atherogenic macromolecules such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study aims to evaluate LDL transport and accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation following carotid artery stenting (CAS) by means of computational simulation. The computational model consists of coupled blood flow and LDL transport, with the latter being modeled as a dilute substance dissolved in the blood and transported by the flow through a convection-diffusion transport equation. The endothelial layer was assumed to be permeable to LDL, and the hydraulic conductivity of LDL was shear-dependent. Anatomically realistic geometric models of the carotid bifurcation were built based on pre- and post-stent computed tomography (CT) scans. The influence of stent design was investigated by virtually deploying two different types of stents (open- and closed-cell stents) into the same carotid bifurcation model. Predicted LDL concentrations were compared between the post-stent carotid models and the relatively normal contralateral model reconstructed from patient-specific CT images. Our results show elevated LDL concentration in the distal section of the stent in all post-stent models, where LDL concentration is 20 times higher than that in the contralateral carotid. Compared with the open-cell stents, the closed-cell stents have larger areas exposed to high LDL concentration, suggesting an increased risk of stent restenosis. This computational approach is readily applicable to multiple patient studies and, once fully validated against follow-up data, it can help elucidate the role of stent strut design in the development of in-stent restenosis after CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul H Johari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
- Centre for Advanced Industrial Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Claudia Menichini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Mohamad Hamady
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Xiao Y Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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He X, Chen A, Liao Z, Zhang Y, Lin G, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Wei H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Niu J. Diet supplementation of organic zinc positively affects growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response and lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1689-1703. [PMID: 37039459 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Zn is an important trace element involved in various biochemical processes in aquatic species. An 8-week rearing trial was thus conducted to investigate the effects of Zn on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by feeding seven diets, respectively, supplemented with no Zn (Con), 60 and 120 mg/kg inorganic Zn (Sul60 and Sul120), and 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg organic Zn (Bio30, Bio60, Bio90 and Bio120). Sul120 and Bio120 groups showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than Con group, with Bio60 group obtaining the lowest viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index. 60 or 90 mg/kg organic Zn significantly facilitated whole body Zn retention. Up-regulation of hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and decline of malondialdehyde contents indicated augmented antioxidant capacities by organic Zn. Zn treatment also lowered plasma aminotransferase levels while promoting acid phosphatase activity and hepatic transcription levels of alp1, acp1 and lyz-c than deprivation of Zn. The alterations in whole body and liver crude lipid and plasma TAG contents illustrated the regulatory effect of Zn on lipid metabolism, which could be possibly attributed to the changes in hepatic expressions of acc1, pparγ, atgl and cpt1. These findings demonstrated the capabilities of Zn in potentiating growth and morphological performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity as well as regulating lipid metabolism in M. salmoides. Organic Zn could perform comparable effects at same or lower supplementation levels than inorganic Zn, suggesting its higher efficiency. 60 mg/kg supplementation of organic Zn could effectively cover the requirements of M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products Co Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lin
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products Co Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Pandey MK. Uncovering the Lipid Web: Discovering the Multifaceted Roles of Lipids in Human Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13223. [PMID: 37686028 PMCID: PMC10487860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids, characterized by their hydrophobic nature, encompass a wide range of molecules with distinct properties and functions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC-7016, Suit R1.019A, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; or ; Tel.: +1-513-803-1694; Fax: +1-513-636-1321
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Bottino R, Carbone A, Formisano T, D'Elia S, Orlandi M, Sperlongano S, Molinari D, Castaldo P, Palladino A, Barbareschi C, Tolone S, Docimo L, Cimmino G. Cardiovascular Effects of Weight Loss in Obese Patients with Diabetes: Is Bariatric Surgery the Additional Arrow in the Quiver? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1552. [PMID: 37511927 PMCID: PMC10381712 DOI: 10.3390/life13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly widespread disease worldwide because of lifestyle changes. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, with an increase in major cardiovascular adverse events. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be able to reduce the incidence of obesity-related cardiovascular disease and thus overall mortality. This result has been shown to be the result of hormonal and metabolic effects induced by post-surgical anatomical changes, with important effects on multiple hormonal and molecular axes that make this treatment more effective than conservative therapy in determining a marked improvement in the patient's cardiovascular risk profile. This review, therefore, aimed to examine the surgical techniques currently available and how these might be responsible not only for weight loss but also for metabolic improvement and cardiovascular benefits in patients undergoing such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andreina Carbone
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Formisano
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saverio D'Elia
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orlandi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Molinari
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Castaldo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Palladino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Consiglia Barbareschi
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tolone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, General, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, General, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Mokhtari I, Moumou M, Harnafi M, Milenkovic D, Amrani S, Harnafi H. Loquat fruit peel extract regulates lipid metabolism and liver oxidative stress in mice: In vivo and in silico approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116376. [PMID: 36918050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Moroccan traditional medicine, fresh or dried loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) fruit peels infused in water and taken for 45 days are used as natural remedies against hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. This is the first experimental study approving the folk medicinal use of loquat fruit peels originated from eastern Morocco. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the effect of loquat fruit peel extract on lipid metabolism and liver oxidative status in mice as well as to predict the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out using high fat/fructose diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice model treated with the loquat peel extract for 45 days at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) in comparison to fenofibrate drug. The plasma, tissue, fecal and biliary lipids and blood glucose were analyzed using enzymatic methods. The liver oxidative status was evaluated and the polyphenol profiling was conducted using the HPLC-DAD method. Possible mechanisms involved in the observed pharmacological effects were predicted by in silico method. RESULTS The extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg possessed higher effect than at 100 mg/kg. It significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and plasma glucose (-36%, -45%, -45%, -82%, -87%, 58%, respectively), while the HDL-cholesterol was increased (+172%). Moreover, the extract reduced TC and TG in the liver and adipose tissue by increasing their excretion in bile and fecal matter. It prevented the liver oxidative stress and decreased body weight and organ relative mass. The extract appears to be nontoxic (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg) and contains five polyphenols including ferulic acid (32.74 ± 0.71 mg/g), caffeic acid (21.48 ± 0.32 mg/g), 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (112.15 ± 1.86 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (42.05 ± 0.92 mg/g) and quercetin (32.69 ± 0.68 mg/g). These phenolics and/or their circulating metabolites presented differential interaction capacities with the potential enzymes and transcription factors implicated in lipid homeostasis such as HMG-CoA reductase, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, Cyp7a1, ABCG, PPARs, RXR, FXR and RAR. CONCLUSION Our findings justify the traditional use of loquat fruit peels and suggest that their aqueous extract could be used as substrate to produce phytotherapeutic drugs or dietary supplements to prevent hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammadine Moumou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco.
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Yousef H, Khandoker AH, Feng SF, Helf C, Jelinek HF. Inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of type II diabetes mellitus with coexisting hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173402. [PMID: 37383391 PMCID: PMC10296202 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that poses a serious health concern worldwide due to its rising prevalence. Hypertension (HT) is a frequent comorbidity of T2DM, with the co-occurrence of both conditions increasing the risk of diabetes-associated complications. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been identified as leading factors in the development and progression of both T2DM and HT. However, OS and inflammation processes associated with these two comorbidities are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore changes in the levels of plasma and urinary inflammatory and OS biomarkers, along with mitochondrial OS biomarkers connected to mitochondrial dysfunction (MitD). These markers may provide a more comprehensive perspective associated with disease progression from no diabetes, and prediabetes, to T2DM coexisting with HT in a cohort of patients attending a diabetes health clinic in Australia. Methods Three-hundred and eighty-four participants were divided into four groups according to disease status: 210 healthy controls, 55 prediabetic patients, 32 T2DM, and 87 patients with T2DM and HT (T2DM+HT). Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were conducted between the four groups to detect significant differences for numerical and categorical variables, respectively. Results and discussion For the transition from prediabetes to T2DM, interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), humanin (HN), and p66Shc were the most discriminatory biomarkers, generally displaying elevated levels of inflammation and OS in T2DM, in addition to disrupted mitochondrial function as revealed by p66Shc and HN. Disease progression from T2DM to T2DM+HT indicated lower levels of inflammation and OS as revealed through IL-10, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 8-OHdG and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, most likely due to antihypertensive medication use in the T2DM +HT patient group. The results also indicated better mitochondrial function in this group as shown through higher HN and lower p66Shc levels, which can also be attributed to medication use. However, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels appeared to be independent of medication, providing an effective biomarker even in the presence of medication use. The results of this study suggest that a more comprehensive review of inflammation and OS biomarkers is more effective in discriminating between the stages of T2DM progression in the presence or absence of HT. Our results further indicate the usefulness of medication use, especially with respect to the known involvement of inflammation and OS in disease progression, highlighting specific biomarkers during disease progression and therefore allowing a more targeted individualized treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibba Yousef
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samuel F. Feng
- Department of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charlotte Helf
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Park HC, Oh J. The relationship between stress and sleep quality: The mediating effect of fatigue and dizziness among patients with cardiovascular disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33837. [PMID: 37335686 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of non-noncommunicable disease mortality worldwide. Therefore, this study analyzes the mediating effect of dizziness and fatigue in the relationship between stress and sleep quality in patients with heart disease. This study was conducted on patients with heart disease diagnosed by a cardiologist from December 7, 2021 to August 30, 2022 at the Outpatient Department of Cardiology at Hanyang University Hospital in Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do. To verify the serial multiple mediation effect, serial multiple mediation analysis was performed using SPSS Macro Process Model 6 as the most appropriate verification method for this study. The analysis indicated that the more dizziness a participant experienced, the more severe their physical and psychological fatigue and the poorer their quality of sleep. Also, the more severe the physical fatigue, the worse the psychological fatigue and the worse the quality of sleep. In other words, the more severe the psychological fatigue, the poorer the quality of sleep. In summary, in the relationship in which stress in patients with heart disease affects sleep quality, stress is a variable that directly affects sleep quality, and this means that the stress of patients with heart disease can affect the quality of sleep through the parameters, dizziness and fatigue, sequentially; this research model can thus be considered a partial mediator model. Fatigue in patients with cardiovascular disease had a direct effect on sleep quality, and there was a mediating effect through dizziness and fatigue in the relationship between stress and sleep quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sleep management program that can improve the quality of sleep in patients with cardiovascular disease as well as a nursing intervention plan that can alleviate fatigue and control stress in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Cheol Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri City, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Oh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
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Ding M. A Two-stage Linear Mixed Model (TS-LMM) for Summary-data-based Multivariable Mendelian Randomization. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.25.23289099. [PMID: 37162968 PMCID: PMC10168515 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.23289099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) methods provide a strategy for applying genome-wide summary statistics to assess simultaneous causal effects of multiple risk factors on a disease outcome. In contrast to univariate MR methods that assumes no horizonal pleiotropy (genetic variants only associate with one risk factor), MVMR allows for genetic variants associate with multiple risk factors and models pleiotropy by including summary statistics with risk factors as multiple variables into the regression model. Here, we propose a two-stage linear mixed model (TS-LMM) for MVMR that accounts for variance of summary statistics not only in outcome, but also in all of the risk factors. In stage I, we apply linear mixed model to treat variance in summary statistics of disease as fixed-/random-effects, while accounting for covariance between genetic variants due to linkage disequilibrium (LD). Particularly, we use an iteratively re-weighted least squares algorithm to obtain estimates for the random-effects. In stage II, we account for variance in summary statistics of multiple risk factors simultaneously by applying measurement error correction methods that take into consideration LD between genetic variants and correlation between summary statistics of risk factors. We compared our MVMR approach to other approaches in a simulation study. When most of the instrumental variables (IVs) were strong, our model generated the highest coverage of true causal associations, the highest power of detecting significant causal associations, and the lowest false positive rate of identifying null causal effect for a range of scenarios that varied correlation (weak, strong) between summary statistics of risk factors and LD among genetic variants (weak LD [γ 2 ≤0.1], moderate LD [0.1< γ 2 ≤0.5]). When the proportion of strong IVs was reduced, our model showed performances comparable to MVMR-Egger and MVMR-IVW. The more accurate inference of our model in the presence of correlation among risk factors supports potential wide application to -omics data that are commonly multi dimensional and correlated, as shown in application to determinants of longevity, where our method nominated a specific significant lipoprotein subfraction for causal association from a panel of 10 lipoprotein cholesterol measures. The robustness of our model to correlation structure suggests that in practice we can allow moderate LD in selection of IVs, thereby potentially leveraging genome-wide summary data in a more effective manner. Our model is implemented in 'TS_LMM' macro in R.
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Song F, Zhang K, Yang J, Wilson AS, Chen C, Xu X. The Hypolipidemic Characteristics of a Methanol Extract of Fermented Green Tea and Spore of Eurotium cristatum SXHBTBU1934 in Golden Hamsters. Nutrients 2023; 15:1329. [PMID: 36986059 PMCID: PMC10055714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), a distinctive Chinese dark tea with the predominant fungus of Eurotium cristatum, offered significant health benefits to Chinese people. In the current study, the in vivo bioactivities of E. cristatum (SXHBTBU1934) fermented green tea and spores of E. cristatum fermented on wheat were investigated, respectively. The methanol extract of fermented green tea and spore of E. cristatum both showed potent lipid-lowering activity in the blood of a high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia model in golden hamsters and significantly reduced the accumulation of fat granules in the liver. These results indicated that the key active components were produced by E. cristatum. Chemical investigations suggested similar components in the two extracts and led to the identification of a new alkaloid, namely variecolorin P (1), along with four known structurally related compounds, (-)-neoechinulin A (2), neoechinulin D (3), variecolorin G (4), and echinulin (5). The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated by HRESIMS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR analysis. The lipid-lowering activity of these compounds was evaluated using an oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell line model. Compound 1 significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.127 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhang Song
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Annette S. Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Caixia Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiuli Xu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
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Martins J, Steyn N, Rossouw HM, Pillay TS. Best practice for LDL-cholesterol: when and how to calculate. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:145-152. [PMID: 36650044 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The lipid profile is important in the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease. The lipid profile includes total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C). LDL-C has traditionally been calculated using the Friedewald equation (invalid with TGs greater than 4.5 mmol/L and is based on the assumption that the ratio of TG to cholesterol in very- low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is 5 when measured in mg /dL). LDL-C can be quantified with a reference method, beta-quantification involving ultracentrifugation and this is unsuitable for routine use. Direct measurement of LDL-C was expected to provide a solution with high TGs. However, this has some challenges because of a lack of standardisation between the reagents and assays from different manufacturers as well as the additional costs. Furthermore, mild hypertriglyceridaemia also distorts direct LDL-C measurements. With the limitations of the Friedewald equation, alternatives have been derived. Newer equations include the Sampson-National Institutes of Health (NIH) equation 2 and the Martin-Hopkins equation. The Sampson-NIH2 equation was derived using beta-quantification in a population with high TG and multiple least squares regression to calculate VLDL-C, using TGs and non-HDL-C as independent variables. These data were used in a second equation to calculate LDL-C. The Sampson-NIH2 equation can be used with TGs up to 9 mmol/L. The Martin-Hopkins equation uses a 180 cell stratification of TG/non-HDL-C to determine the TG:VLDL-C ratio and can be used with TGs up to 4.5 mmol/L. Recently, an extended Martin-Hopkins equation has become available for TGs up to 9.04 mmol/L.This article discusses the best practice approach to calculating LDL-C based on the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Martins
- Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicolene Steyn
- Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H Muller Rossouw
- Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa .,Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Li Z, Kuang H, Li L, Wu M, Liao Z, Zeng K, Ye Y, Fan R. What adverse health effects will environmental heavy metal co-exposure bring us: based on a biological monitoring study of sanitation workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35769-35780. [PMID: 36538233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between health effect profile and co-exposure to heavy metal, 254 sanitation workers from Guangzhou, China, were recruited. Ten urinary metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Parameters of physical examination, including blood lipid metabolism, renal function, blood pressure, and lung function, were tested for each participant. The hazard quotients (HQs) of eight heavy metals were evaluated. Cobalt, copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and tin (Sn) demonstrated the top five associations with human health with the ∑19β as 2.220, 1.351, 1.234, 0.957, and 0.930, respectively. Most physical examination parameters of workers were under the normal ranges, except the levels of forced mid expiratory flow rate (MMEF75/25), the maximum expiratory flow rate at 25% vital capacity (MEF25) and apolipoprotein B in the first quartile, and the level of uric acid in the third quartile of sanitation works. Moreover, Cu was significantly associated with diastolic pressure, pulse, and high density lipid (p < 0.05). Each unit increase in Mo level was related to a 120% increase odd ratio (OR) of abnormal of systolic pressure, but was significantly and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A, suggesting that Mo exposure may be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Each unit increase in Ni and Sn levels was associated with an increased OR of abnormal rate of MMEF75/25 and MEF25 (p < 0.001), suggesting the increasing risks of respiratory diseases. Sanitation workers exposed to Ni and Pb alone had no carcinogenic risks (HQ < 1). However, 23.8%, 34.6%, and 87.3% of sanitation workers confronted non-carcinogenic risks when exposed to Cu, Mo alone (HQ > 1), or co-exposed to the four heavy metals (HI > 1). Our study preliminarily revealed the potential sensitive health indicators of heavy metal co-exposure, which will provide beneficial health protection suggestions for the occupational populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Li
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511486, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hongxuan Kuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Leizi Li
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511486, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Maorong Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zengquan Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Keqin Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511486, China.
- Medical Imaging Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, 511486, China.
| | - Ruifang Fan
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511486, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Screening of Fenofibrate-Simvastatin Solid Dispersions in the Development of Fixed-Dose Formulations for the Treatment of Lipid Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020603. [PMID: 36839925 PMCID: PMC9962408 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of statins and fibrates in the treatment of lipid abnormalities effectively regulates individual lipid fraction levels. In this study, the screening and assessment of the physicochemical properties of simvastatin-fenofibrate solid dispersions were performed. Fenofibrate and simvastatin were processed using the kneading method in different weight ratios, and the resulting solid dispersions were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, as well as dissolution tests. The obtained results confirmed the formation of a simple eutectic phase diagram, with a eutectic point containing 79 wt% fenofibrate and 21 wt% simvastatin, lack of chemical interactions between the ingredients, and simvastatin impact on improving fenofibrate dissolution profile, due to the formation of crystalline solid dispersions by the kneading method.
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Real-World Use of Alirocumab: Experience from a Large Healthcare Provider. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031084. [PMID: 36769732 PMCID: PMC9917622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emerging use of anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, real-world evidence (RWE) is needed to evaluate drug effectiveness. This study aimed to characterize new users of alirocumab and evaluate its effectiveness in achieving LDL-C target levels. Included were patients initiating treatment with alirocumab from 1 August 2016 to 1 May 2020, with blood lipids evaluations during baseline (180 days prior to therapy initiation) and after 120 (±60) days of follow-up. Patients with treatment intensification during the follow-up period were excluded. LDL-C change from baseline and reaching LDL-C target levels, according to 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines, were evaluated. Among 623 included patients, 50.2% were men, the mean age was 65 years (±9 y), 62% were classified as very-high risk, and 76% had statin intolerance. During the follow-up, 65% (n = 407) were treated only with alirocumab. In 90% the initiation dose was 75 mg, and 21% were up-titrated. Alirocumab was associated with a 31.7% reduction in LDL-C, with 20.5% of patients reaching target levels. In this RWE study, alirocumab was used primarily as a single agent for eligible patients. Suboptimal use and adherence to therapy may have led to a lower LDL-C reduction compared to previous RCTs and most reported real-world studies.
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Stephen M, Felix A. Fuzzy AHP point factored inference system for detection of cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-223048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The World health organization (WHO) reported that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in developing countries. But while diagnosing cardiovascular disease, medical practitioners might have differences of opinions and faced challenging when there is inadequate information and uncertainty of the problem. Therefore, to resolve ambiguity and vagueness in diagnosing disease, a perfect decision-making model is required to assist medical practitioners in detecting the disease at an early stage. Thus, this study designs a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) point-factored inference system to detect cardiovascular disease. The attributes are selected and classified into sub-attributes and point factor scale using the clinical data, medical practitioners, and literature review. Fuzzy AHP is used in calculating the attribute weights, the strings are generated using the Mamdani fuzzy inference system, and the strength of each set of fuzzy rules is calculated by multiplying the attribute weights with the point factor scale. The string weights determine the output ranges of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the results are validated using sensitivity analysis, and comparative analysis is performed with AHP techniques. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods, which are elucidated by the case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Stephen
- Mathematics Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - A. Felix
- Mathematics Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
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21
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Shi M, Song R, Gu L. Different Regulatory Effects of Heated Products and Maillard Reaction Products of Half-Fin Anchovy Hydrolysates on Intestinal Antioxidant Defense in Healthy Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032355. [PMID: 36768685 PMCID: PMC9917108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative state of intestinal tracts of healthy animals were investigated after short-term intake of half-fin anchovy hydrolysates (HAHp) and their thermal or Maillard reaction products (MRPs). After one month of continuous oral gavage of HAHp, HAHp-heated products (HAHp-H), the MRPs of HAHp with 3% of glucose (HAHp-3%G MRPs), and the MRPs of HAHp with 3% of fructose (HAHp-3%F MRPs) at a dose of 1.0 g/kg of body weight per day into healthy ICR male mice, the concentrations of serum low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not significantly change compared to the control group (CK, gavage with saline). Similar results were found for the interleukin-6 concentrations of all groups. By comparison, HAHp-H, HAHp-3%G MRPs, and HAHp-3%F MRPs administration decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration as compared to the CK group (p < 0.05). No histological damage was observed in the jejunum, ileum, and colonic tissues of all groups. However, HAHp-H treatment induced higher upregulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, transcription factors Nrf-2, associated protective phase-II enzymes of NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1, and hemoxygenase-1 in colon tissue, as well as higher upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 2 than other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, increases in Nε-carboxymethyllysine expression in the colonic tissues of all groups were consistent with their increased oligopeptide transporter 1 expressions. Our results suggest that the thermal products of HAHp might have a broad application prospect in improving antioxidant defense in vivo in healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ru Song
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-0580-2554-781
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Megat Kamaruddin PSN, Mohammed Nawi A, Abdul Manaf MR, Yaman MN, Abd Malek AM. A Meta-Analysis of eHealth Interventions on Ischaemic Heart Disease Health Outcomes. Glob Heart 2023; 18:12. [PMID: 36936248 PMCID: PMC10022534 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic Health (eHealth) interventions as a secondary prevention tool to empower patients' health in decision-making and behaviour. Objective With the growing body of evidence supporting the use of eHealth interventions, the intention is to conduct a meta-analysis on various health outcomes of eHealth interventions among ischaemic heart disease (IHD) patients. Methods Based on PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies were searched through databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOHost, and SAGE (PROSPERO registration CRD42021290091). Inclusion criteria were English language and randomised controlled trials published between 2011 to 2021 exploring health outcomes that empower IHD patients with eHealth interventions. RevMan 5.4 was utilised for meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and risk of bias (RoB) assessment while GRADE software for generating findings of physical health outcomes. Non-physical health outcomes were analysed using SWiM (synthesis without meta-analysis) method. Results This review included 10 studies, whereby, six studies with 895 participants' data were pooled for physical health outcomes. Overall, the RoB varied significantly across domains, with the majority was low risks, a substantial proportion of high risks and a sizeable proportion of unclear. With GRADE evidence of moderate to high quality, eHealth interventions improved low density lipoprotien (LDL) levels in IHD patients when compared to usual care after 12 months of interventions (SMD -0.26, 95% CI [-0.45, -0.06], I2 = 0%, p = 0.01). Significance appraisal in each domain of the non-physical health outcomes found significant findings for medication adherence, physical activity and dietary behaviour, while half of the non-significant findings were found for other behavioural outcomes, psychological and quality of life. Conclusions Electronic Health interventions are found effective at lowering LDL cholesterol in long-term but benefits remain inconclusive for other physical and non-physical health outcomes for IHD patients. Integrating sustainable patient empowerment strategies with the advancement of eHealth interventions by utilising appropriate frameworks is recommended for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamad Nurman Yaman
- Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MY
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23
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Li J, Li G, Zhu Y, Lei X, Chen G, Zhang J, Sun X. Role of LDL-C level alteration in increased mortality risks in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1114176. [PMID: 36925942 PMCID: PMC10011101 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current studies indicate a contradictory relationship between decreased mortality risks of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Thus, this meta-analysis was designed to examine the involvement of high LDL-C levels in a lower mortality risk of sICH patients. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched up to the date of August 3rd, 2022. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for the higher vs. lower serum LDL-C level groups. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Egger's test was applied to detect any potential publication bias. Results Of 629 citations reviewed, 8 eligible cohort studies involving 83,013 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Compared with lower serum LDL-C levels containing patients, higher serum LDL-C patients exhibited significantly decreased risks of 3-month mortality (OR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.33-0.78; I2 = 47.8%); however, the LDL-C level change wasn't significantly associated with in-hospital mortality risks (OR: 0.92; 95%CI: 0.63-1.33; I2 = 91.4%) among sICH subjects. All studies included were classified as high-quality investigations. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests a higher LDL-C level may decrease the mortality risk in sICH patients. LDL-C level increase is inversely associated with the 3-month mortality risks in these patients but not significantly correlated with the in-hospital mortality risks. Further well-designed prospective studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying cross-talks. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022318318, identifier: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022318318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingwei Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guihu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Albert SL, Massar RE, Correa L, Kwok L, Joshi S, Shah S, Boas R, Alcalá HE, McMacken M. Change in cardiometabolic risk factors in a pilot safety-net plant-based lifestyle medicine program. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155817. [PMID: 37153909 PMCID: PMC10157493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interventions emphasizing healthful lifestyle behaviors are proliferating in traditional health care settings, yet there is a paucity of published clinical outcomes, outside of pay-out-of-pocket or employee health programs. Methods We assessed weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, and cholesterol for 173 patients of the Plant-Based Lifestyle Medicine Program piloted in a New York City safety-net hospital. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to assess changes in means, from baseline to six-months, for the full sample and within baseline diagnoses (i.e., overweight or obesity, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia). We calculated the percentage of patients with clinically meaningful changes in outcomes for the full sample and within diagnoses. Findings The full sample had statistically significant improvements in weight, HbA1c, and diastolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes or overweight or obesity experienced significant improvements in weight and those with type 2 diabetes had significant improvements in weight and HbA1c. Patients with hypertension had significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure and weight. Data did not show differences in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), but differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were approaching significance for the full sample and those with hyperlipidemia. The majority of patients achieved clinically meaningful improvements on all outcomes besides systolic blood pressure. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that a lifestyle medicine intervention within a traditional, safety-net clinical setting improved biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease. Our findings are limited by small sample sizes. Additional large-scale, rigorous studies are needed to further establish the effectiveness of lifestyle medicine interventions in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Albert
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephanie L. Albert,
| | | | | | - Lorraine Kwok
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shivam Joshi
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Veterans Affairs, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Sapana Shah
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Boas
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY, United States
| | - Héctor E. Alcalá
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michelle McMacken
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Katundu KGH, Mukhula V, Phiri T, Phiri C, Filisa-Kaphamtengo F, Chipewa P, Chirambo G, Mipando M, Mwandumba HC, Muula AS, Kumwenda J. High prevalence of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:557. [PMID: 36544081 PMCID: PMC9771776 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia drives the process of atherosclerosis, and hence a significant modifiable risk factor complicating hypertension and diabetes. In Malawi, the prevalence, screening and management of dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, biochemical characteristics, screening and management practices for dyslipidaemia among persons with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and hypertension comorbidity at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. A total of 256 adult participants (diabetes mellitus = 100); hypertension = 100; both conditions = 56) were included. Medical data and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for HbA1C and serum lipids. Associated risk factors for dyslipidaemia were also assessed. RESULTS Dyslipidaemia was prevalent in 58%, 55%, and 70% of participants with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and both conditions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) dyslipidaemia was the most common in all participant groups. Participants with both diabetes and hypertension had 2.4 times (95% CI 1.2-4.6) increased risk of LDL-C dyslipidaemia than those with diabetes alone (p < 0.02). Being overweight or obese and age over 30 years were risk factors for dyslipidaemia in participants with diabetes mellitus alone (OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.6), p < 0.04, and OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.2-4.7) (p < 0.01), respectively. Overweight and obesity predicted LDL-C dyslipidaemia in hypertensive patients (OR 3.5 (95% CI 1.2-9.9) p < 0.001). Poorly controlled hypertension and the use of beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics predicted dyslipidaemia among patients with both diabetes mellitus and hypertension (OR 6.50 CI 1.45-29.19; and OR 5.20 CI 1.16-23.36 respectively). None of the participants had a lipogram performed before the study or were on lipid-lowering therapy. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidaemia with LDL-C derangement was highly prevalent, especially in individuals with both diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and there was absent use of lipid-lowering therapy. Screening and managing dyslipidaemia should be reinforced to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in this population at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondwani G H Katundu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Victoria Mukhula
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tamara Phiri
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chimota Phiri
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Pascal Chipewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - George Chirambo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Blantyre to Blantyre Research Facility, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mwapatsa Mipando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Blantyre to Blantyre Research Facility, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Adamson S Muula
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Johnstone Kumwenda
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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Li F, Zhang L, Feng J, Zhang L. Discovery and SAR analysis of phenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-based proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2017-2035. [PMID: 35854672 PMCID: PMC9307114 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the development of cholesterol-lowering drugs. In the discovery of PCSK9/LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) protein-protein interaction (PPI) impairing small molecules, a total of 47 phenylbenzo[d][1,3] dioxole-based compounds were designed and synthesised. The result revealed that the 4-chlorobenzyl substitution in the amino group is important for the PPI disrupting activity. In the hepatocyte-based functional tests, active compounds such as A12, B1, B3, B4 and B14, restored the LDLR levels on the surface of hepatic HepG2 cells and increased extracellular LDL uptake in the presence of PCSK9. It is notable that molecule B14 exhibited good performance in all the evaluations. Collectively, novel structures targeting PCSK9/LDLR PPI have been developed with hypolipidemic potential. Further structural modification of derived active compounds is promising in the discovery of lead compounds with improved activity for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahui Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinhong Feng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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27
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Koohi F, Khalili D, Soori H, Nazemipour M, Mansournia MA. Longitudinal effects of lipid indices on incident cardiovascular diseases adjusting for time-varying confounding using marginal structural models: 25 years follow-up of two US cohort studies. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 4:100075. [PMID: 37637024 PMCID: PMC10445971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assesses the effect of blood lipid indices and lipid ratios on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using inverse probability-of-exposure weighted estimation of marginal structural models (MSMs). Methods A pooled dataset of two US representative cohort studies, including 16736 participants aged 42-84 years with complete information at baseline, was used. The effect of each lipid index, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C on coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were estimated using weighted Cox regression. Results There were 1638 cases of CHD and 1017 cases of stroke during a median follow-up of 17.1 years (interquartile range: 8.5 to 25.7). Compared to optimal levels, the risk of CVD outcomes increased substantially in high levels of TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C. If everyone had always had high levels of TC (≥240 mg/dL), risk of CHD would have been 2.15 times higher, and risk of stroke 1.35 times higher than if they had always had optimal levels (<200 mg/dL). Moreover, if all participants had been kept at very high (≥190 mg/dL) levels of LDL-C, risk of CHD would have been 2.62 times higher and risk of stroke would have been 1.92 times higher than if all participants had been kept at optimal levels, respectively. Our results suggest that high levels of HDL-C may be protective for CHD, but not for stroke. There was also no evidence of an adverse effect of high triglyceride levels on stroke. Conclusions Using MSM, this study highlights the effect of TC and LDL-C on CVD, with a stronger effect on CHD than on stroke. There was no evidence for a protective effect of high levels of HDL-C on stroke. Besides, triglyceride was not found to affect stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Koohi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazemipour
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223528. [PMID: 36428957 PMCID: PMC9688544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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Shree AJ, Vempala N, Narra SR, Dasgupta S. An Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Atorvastatin Calcium. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-8386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA concise and efficient asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl [(4R,6R)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate is presented. This key chiral-chain precursor of atorvastatin was synthesized from a commercially available inexpensive starting material, and was converted into atorvastatin calcium. The synthesis has the potential for scale up, and could be used to produce atorvastatin calcium on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naresh Vempala
- Aragen Life Sciences
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology
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30
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Mat Azmi ISM, Wallis GA, White MJ, Puig-Ribera A, Eves FF. Desk based prompts to replace workplace sitting with stair climbing; a pilot study of acceptability, effects on behaviour and disease risk factors. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1985. [PMID: 36316656 PMCID: PMC9620615 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Occupational sitting accounts for up to 50 h/week for employees. This pilot study assessed the acceptability of stair climbing as an interruption to sitting throughout working hours, and provided preliminary data of the effects on glucose and lipid profiles. Methods A quasi-experimental design was conducted involving 16 sedentary office workers (five females and 11 males) for intervention (n = 8) and control groups (n = 8) with mean age of 36.38 (5.58). For the eight-week intervention, a continuous four-floor stair climb and descent was performed eight times/day spread evenly over the working day. A prompt to climb was presented on the participant’s computer eight times/day. Participants in the experimental group recorded daily floors climbed and steps (measured using pedometers) in a weekly log sheet. Blood samples were collected pre and post intervention to test effects on fasting glucose and 2 h plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol. Experimental participants were interviewed at the end of the study. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the median changes (pre-post) of the dependent variables. Results On average, the experimental group climbed 121 floors/week when prompted. There were significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, TC and LDL, as well as the derived measures of ‘bad’ cholesterol and the TC/HDL ratio in the experimental group. Post-experimental interviews indicated that the interruption to sitting was well tolerated. Conclusion Prompted stair climbing activity had impacts on health outcomes and was found acceptable to employees at work. Trial registration Ethics for this study was approved by Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Ethical Review Committee, University of Birmingham with ethics reference number ERN_15_0491. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14393-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Suhana Munira Mat Azmi
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.449643.80000 0000 9358 3479Community Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Gareth A. Wallis
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mike J. White
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- grid.440820.aCentre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank F. Eves
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ,grid.440820.aCentre for Health and Social Care Research, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Khan M, Ain QT, Nawaz A, Iqbal Khan M, Sadiq F. Indirect calculation of LDL using thirteen equations in Pakistani population. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:77-85. [PMID: 36165861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the atherogenic properties, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary target for treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hence accurate measurement of LDL-C is critical. Despite the availability of direct measurement assays for LDL-C, it is routinely calculated by Friedewald equation in clinical settings in Pakistan mostly due to financial constraints. However, the validity of this equation is impacted by several factors, therefore several other equations have been developed for the calculation of LDL-C. MATERIALS AND METHODS LDL-C of 39,385 individuals measured directly by homogenous assays (dLDL) was compared with LDL-C calculated by thirteen equations (cLDL-C). Stratifications based on different lipids i.e., triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were made to check the validity of these equations across all ranges of lipid profile. The correlation and median difference between dLDL and cLDL-C was statistically analyzed. RESULTS Overall Teerakanchana equation displayed a strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.967) and least median difference (-8.81) with dLDL, followed by Martin equation (ρ = 0.967). For higher TG ranges (>500 mg/dL), Teerakanchana equation had the least median difference (1.31) and a strong correlation (ρ = 0.800). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that Teerakanchana equation may be employed as an alternative to Friedewald equation for Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Khan
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Qura Tul Ain
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Nawaz
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Khan
- Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Sadiq
- Directorate of Research, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pitras Bukhari Road, H-8/4, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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Ribeiro MC, Silva AD, Giordani MA, Lira C, Luvizotto RDAM, Nascimento AF, Queiroz DD, Dekker RFH, Barbosa‐Dekker AM, de Queiroz EAI. Extended treatment with (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐
d
‐glucan (Botryosphaeran) reduces obesity and its comorbidities in high‐fat/high‐sugar diet‐fed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:773-783. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Costa Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Amadeu Zattoni da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Morenna Alana Giordani
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Cleberson Lira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Renata de A. M. Luvizotto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - André F. Nascimento
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Diogo Albino de Queiroz
- Gerência de Administração e Planejamento, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
- Escola Técnica Estadual de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica Unidade de Sinop Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Beta‐Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Câmpus Londrina Londrina Paraná Brazil
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa‐Dekker
- Beta‐Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Câmpus Londrina Londrina Paraná Brazil
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A Review of the Effect of Preparations from Vegetables of the Asteraceae Family and Cucurbitaceae Family on the Cardiovascular System and Its Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173601. [PMID: 36079856 PMCID: PMC9460361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) system dysfunction can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a key cause of death around the world. For many people, the most common treatment choices are still based on various plants used in traditional and folk medicine. Interestingly, many of these plants demonstrate various biological activities and pro-health properties; as such, there has been growing scientific interest in their use as medicines, including treatments for CVDs. Due to their varied biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential, the members of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae have long been used in traditional medicine. These properties are believed to derive from the chemical composition of the plants, which includes various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Although many of their pro-health properties have been well described, their effect on the cardiovascular system and CVDs remains unclear. The present work reviews the current literature about the effects of preparations of vegetables of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae families on the cardiovascular system and CVDs. Various species from the two families demonstrate antioxidant and antiplatelet activities in vitro and in vivo, which play key roles in the prophylaxis and treatment of CVDs. Additionally, some species have been evaluated for their anticoagulant activity. This review also describes the biological properties of these vegetables and discusses their anti-hyperlipidemic action, and their potential for obesity prevention and body weight control.
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Elmowafy E, Pavoni L, Perinelli DR, Tiboni M, Casettari L, Cespi M, El-khouly A, Soliman ME, Bonacucina G. Hyperlipidemia control using the innovative association of lupin proteins and chitosan and α-cyclodextrin dietary fibers: food supplement formulation, molecular docking study, and in vivo evaluation. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gille B, Galuska CE, Fuchs B, Peleg S. Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:773795. [PMID: 35822042 PMCID: PMC9261446 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.773795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are involved in a broad spectrum of canonical biological functions, from energy supply and storage by triacylglycerols to membrane formation by sphingolipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. Because of this wide range of functions, there is an overlap between age-associated processes and lipid pathways. Lipidome analysis revealed age-related changes in the lipid composition of various tissues in mice and humans, which were also influenced by diet and gender. Some changes in the lipid profile can be linked to the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the excessive accumulation of lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets, has significant implications for the development of inflammaging and non-communicable age-related diseases. Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, time-restrictive eating, and lipid supplementation have been shown to improve pertinent health metrics or even extend life span and thus modulate aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gille
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Beate Fuchs
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Šuran D, Blažun Vošner H, Završnik J, Kokol P, Sinkovič A, Kanič V, Kokol M, Naji F, Završnik T. Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Diseases: Insight From a Bibliometric Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:923797. [PMID: 35865239 PMCID: PMC9294325 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a complex polymorphic lipoprotein comprised of a low-density lipoprotein particle with one molecule of apolipoprotein B100 and an additional apolipoprotein(a) connected through a disulfide bond. The serum concentration is mostly genetically determined and only modestly influenced by diet and other lifestyle modifications. In recent years it has garnered increasing attention due to its causal role in pre-mature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve stenosis, while novel effective therapeutic options are emerging [apolipoprotein(a) antisense oligonucleotides and ribonucleic acid interference therapy]. Bibliometric descriptive analysis and mapping of the research literature were made using Scopus built-in services. We focused on the distribution of documents, literature production dynamics, most prolific source titles, institutions, and countries. Additionally, we identified historical and influential papers using Reference Publication Year Spectrography (RPYS) and the CRExplorer software. An analysis of author keywords showed that Lp(a) was most intensively studied regarding inflammation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk assessment, treatment options, and hormonal changes in post-menopausal women. The results provide a comprehensive view of the current Lp(a)-related literature with a specific interest in its role in calcific aortic valve stenosis and potential emerging pharmacological interventions. It will help the reader understand broader aspects of Lp(a) research and its translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šuran
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: David Šuran
| | - Helena Blažun Vošner
- Community Healthcare Centre Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Završnik
- Community Healthcare Centre Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kokol
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Sinkovič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Vojko Kanič
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokol
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Semantika Research, Semantika d.o.o., Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Franjo Naji
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Završnik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Teas E, Kimiecik J, Ward RM, Timmerman K. Intuitive Eating and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:412-421. [PMID: 35534099 PMCID: PMC9097336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether exercise and diet motivation are associated with 4 biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Data collection involved questionnaires, blood draws, body composition assessments, and accelerometry. SETTING Small, midwestern college town. PARTICIPANTS Community older adults (≥ 58 years of age; n = 79) recruited through convenience sampling; the sample was representative of the population of interest for some demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex) but not representative of other characteristics (eg, level of activity). VARIABLES MEASURED Independent variables comprised self-reported intrinsic exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire-3) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). Dependent variables included inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) quantified from blood samples. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, and objective physical activity measured by accelerometers worn for 7 days. ANALYSIS Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between diet and exercise motivation and biomarker outcomes; we analyzed 4 regression models (1 for each biomarker). Significance level P < 0.05. RESULTS Greater intuitive eating was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (β = -0.45, P = 0.001) and lower triglycerides (β = -0.37, P = 0.003). Intrinsic exercise motivation was not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intuitive eating may be a key determinant of certain biomarkers and could be a viable target for interventions to help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| | - Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Kyle Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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Mousavi SM, Zargarzadeh N, Rigi S, Persad E, Pizarro AB, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Willett WC, Esmaillzadeh A. Egg Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1762-1773. [PMID: 35396834 PMCID: PMC9526855 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and mortality is extremely debatable. This study aimed to investigate the potential dose-response association of egg consumption with risk of mortality from all causes and cause-specific in the general population. The primary comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase up to March 2021, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals. We calculated summary RRs and their 95% CIs for the highest and lowest categories, as well as the linear trend estimation of egg intake, using the random-effects model. Thirty-three (32 publications) cohort studies were included. These studies enrolled 2,216,720 participants and recorded 232,408 deaths from all causes. Comparing highest versus lowest egg intake categories was not associated with the risk of mortality from all causes (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.11; n = 25), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.23, n = 11), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.16; n = 10), stroke (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.02; n = 9), and respiratory disease (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.71; n = 3); however, it was associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.39; n = 13). In the linear dose-response analysis, an additional intake of 1 egg per week was associated with a 2% and 4% increased risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, respectively, and a 4% decreased risk of stroke mortality. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low to moderate. Higher egg consumption was not associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, CHD, stroke, or respiratory disease, whereas an elevated risk was observed for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that eggs be consumed in low to moderate amounts (≤1 egg/d) as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ding X, Chen H, Li H, Li W. Association of Prior Statin Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Initial Diagnosis of OCAD and LDL-C Below 1.8 mmol/L. Angiology 2022; 73:936-945. [PMID: 35191328 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of prior statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L. A total of 1330 patients with baseline LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L were included; 548 had received prior statin therapy [prior statin (+)] and 782 had no prior statin [prior statin (-)]. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) during hospitalization and a median follow-up of 25 months were analyzed. Compared with the prior statin (-) group, who displayed similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk burden including 71.6% with hypertension, 39.1% with diabetes, and 76.1% with ≥3 risk factors, the prior statin (+) group had significantly lower incidence of composite MACCE, all-cause death and cardiovascular death. After multivariable adjustment, non-prior statin therapy was independently associated with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.87, P = .019] and cardiovascular death (HR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.04-5.00, P = .040), particularly in the subgroups aged ≥65 years and with hypertension. Overall, compared with "naturally" LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L without statin, prior statin therapy to achieve an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L independently predicted a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a diagnosis of OCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiao Zhao
- Clinical Atherosclerosis Research Lab, Division of Cardiology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 26455Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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40
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Kopecky SL, Alias S, Klodas E, Jones PJH. Reduction in Serum LDL Cholesterol Using a Nutrient Compendium in Hyperlipidemic Adults Unable or Unwilling to Use Statin Therapy: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:458-465. [PMID: 35079806 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many hyperlipidemic patients prescribed β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are unable or unwilling to take them. A hedonically acceptable snack-based solution formulated from cholesterol-lowering food ingredients could represent a therapeutic alternative but has not been tested in this population. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of snacks containing a compendium of functional bioactives on fasting LDL cholesterol in statin candidates unwilling to use or intolerant to ≥1 statin drug. Secondary outcomes included changes in circulating total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations, as well as effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on outcome. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, free-living crossover study was composed of 2 regimented phases of 4 wk each, separated by a 4-wk washout. Eighteen men and 36 women, with a mean ± SD age of 49 ± 12 y and mean ± SD LDL cholesterol of 131 ± 32.1 mg/dL, were instructed to ingest a variety of ready-to-eat snacks twice daily as a substitute for something they were consuming already. Other behavior changes were actively discouraged. Treatment products provided ≥5 g fiber, 1000 mg ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids, 1000 mg phytosterols, and 1800 μmol antioxidants per serving. Control products were calorie-matched like-items drawn from the general grocery marketplace. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and the end of each phase and compared using the ANOVA model. Compliance to study foods was confirmed by serum 18:3n-3 concentration assessment. RESULTS Comparing intervention phase endpoints, LDL cholesterol was reduced a mean ± SD of 8.80 ± 1.69% (P < 0.0001), and TC was reduced a mean ± SD of 5.08 ± 1.12% (P < 0.0001) by treatment foods compared with control foods, whereas effects on other analytes did not differ between treatments. SNPs were not significantly related to outcomes (P ≥ 0.230). Compliance with study foods was 95%. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of hedonically acceptable snacks containing a compendium of cholesterol-lowering bioactive compounds can rapidly and meaningfully reduce LDL cholesterol in adult patients unable or unwilling to take statin drugs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02341924.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Alias
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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41
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Wen CP, Lee YC, Sun YT, Huang CY, Tsai CH, Chen PL, Chang WL, Yeh PY, Wei CY, Tsai MJ, Sun Y, Lin CH, Lee JT, Lai TC, Lien LM, Lin MC, Lin CL, Lee JH, Wang HK, Hsu CY. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Mortality in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Taiwan. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793471. [PMID: 35113980 PMCID: PMC8802633 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are associated with increased intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk. However, reverse causality and residual confounding has not attracted public attention. Therefore, we assessed whether people with LDL-C have increased risk of mortality adjusting for potential confounders using two large Taiwan cohorts. Methods: The Mei-Jhao (MJ) cohort has 414,372 adults participating in a medical screening program with 378 ICH deaths within 15 years of follow-up (1994–2008). Cox proportional hazards regressions estimated hazard death ratios according to LDL-C levels. We identified 4,606 ICH patients from the Taiwan Stroke Registry (TSR) and analyzed the impact of LDL-C on 3-month mortality. Results: Low cholesterol (LDL-C <100 mg/dL), found in 1/4 of the MJ cohort, was highly prevalent (36%) among young adults (age 20–39). There was a graded relationship between cholesterol and mortality for ICH [Hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–2.16]. Compared with patients with an LDL-C of 110–129 mg/dL in TSR, the risk for mortality was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.28–2.63) with an LDL-C of <100 mg/dL. Conclusion: Lower serum LDL-C level independently predicts higher mortality after acute ICH. While its causative role may vary, low cholesterol may pose potential harms in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Pang Wen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Neurosurgical Service, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Division of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Yeh
- Department of Neurology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chang Lai
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Lien
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - June-Han Lee
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kuang Wang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mennitti LV, Carpenter AAM, Loche E, Pantaleão LC, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Schoonejans JM, Blackmore HL, Ashmore TJ, Pisani LP, Tadross JA, Hargreaves I, Ozanne SE. Effects of maternal diet-induced obesity on metabolic disorders and age-associated miRNA expression in the liver of male mouse offspring. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:269-278. [PMID: 34663892 PMCID: PMC8794789 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of maternal obesity on aged-male offspring liver phenotype and hepatic expression of a programmed miRNA. METHODS A mouse model (C57BL/6 J) of maternal diet-induced obesity was used to investigate fasting-serum metabolites, hepatic lipid content, steatosis, and relative mRNA levels (RT-PCR) and protein expression (Western blotting) of key components involved in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism in 12-month-old offspring. We also measured hepatic lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial content, fibrosis stage, and apoptosis in the offspring. To investigate potential mechanisms leading to the observed phenotype, we also measured the expression of miR-582 (a miRNA previously implicated in liver cirrhosis) in 8-week-old and 12-month-old offspring. RESULTS Body weight and composition was similar between 8-week-old offspring, however, 12-month-old offspring from obese mothers had increased body weight and fat mass (19.5 ± 0.8 g versus 10.4 ± 0.9 g, p < 0.001), as well as elevated serum levels of LDL and leptin and hepatic lipid content (21.4 ± 2.1 g versus 12.9 ± 1.8 g, p < 0.01). This was accompanied by steatosis, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and overexpression of p-SAPK/JNK, Tgfβ1, Map3k14, and Col1a1 in the liver. Decreased levels of Bcl-2, p-AMPKα, total AMPKα and mitochondrial complexes were also observed. Maternal obesity was associated with increased hepatic miR-582-3p (p < 0.001) and miR-582-5p (p < 0.05). Age was also associated with an increase in both miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p, however, this was more pronounced in the offspring of obese dams, such that differences were greater in 12-month-old animals (-3p: 7.34 ± 1.35 versus 1.39 ± 0.50, p < 0.0001 and -5p: 4.66 ± 1.16 versus 1.63 ± 0.65, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that maternal diet-induced obesity has detrimental effects on offspring body composition as well as hepatic phenotype that may be indicative of accelerated-ageing phenotype. These whole-body and cellular phenotypes were associated with age-dependent changes in expression of miRNA-582 that might contribute mechanistically to the development of metabolic disorders in the older progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Vales Mennitti
- Department of Bioscience, Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrine Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, 11015-020, Brazil
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Asha A M Carpenter
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Loche
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josca M Schoonejans
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Blackmore
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Ashmore
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Department of Bioscience, Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrine Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, 11015-020, Brazil
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Tadross
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 5UA, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, United Kingdom.
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Wang X, Wu YL, Zhang YY, Ke J, Wang ZW, Zhang BY, Ma Y, Yang LY, Zhao D. AK098656: a new biomarker of coronary stenosis severity in hypertensive and coronary heart disease patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:10. [PMID: 35033179 PMCID: PMC8761339 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AK098656 may be an adverse factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the effect of AK098656 on CHD and CHD with various complications. METHODS A total of 117 CHD patients and 27 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Plasma AK098656 expression was determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Student's t-test was used to compare AK098656 expression levels in different groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to quantify the discrimination ability between CHD patients and health controls and between CHD and CHD + complications patients. The relationship between AK098656 and coronary stenosis was analyzed using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS AK098656 expression was remarkably higher in CHD patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.03). The ROC curve revealed an effective predictive AK098656 expression value for CHD risk, with an AUC of 0.656 (95% CI 0.501-0.809). Moreover, AK098656 expression was increased in CHD + complications patients compared to CHD patients alone (P = 0.005), especially in patients with hypertension (CHD + hHTN, P = 0.030). The ROC curve revealed a predictive AK098656 prognostic value for discriminating between CHD and CHD + hHTN patients, with an AUC of 0.666 (95% CI 0.528-0.805). There was no significant difference in AK098656 expression in CHD patients with diabetes mellitus compared to CHD patients alone. In addition, AK098656 expression in CHD patients was positively correlated with stenosis severity (R = 0.261, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION AK098656 expression was significantly increased in patients with CHD, especially those with hypertension, and its expression level was positively correlated with the degree of coronary stenosis. This implied that AK098656 may be a risk factor for CHD and can potentially be applied in clinical diagnosis or provide a novel target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Wu
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Wei Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Yu Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yan Yang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China.
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Key Cellular Processes, Current and Emerging Therapies, Key Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:3-19. [PMID: 35237955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of cardiovascular disease that continues to be a substantial drain on healthcare systems, being responsible for about 31% of all global deaths. Atherogenesis is influenced by a range of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and is ultimately driven by the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the arterial wall of medium and large arteries. Lipoprotein accumulation stimulates the infiltration of immune cells (such as monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes), some of which take up the lipoprotein, leading to the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. Foam cell death results in increased accumulation of dead cells, cellular debris and extracellular cholesterol, forming a lipid-rich necrotic core. Vascular smooth muscle cells from the arterial media also migrate into the intima layer and proliferate, taking up the available lipids to become foam cells and producing extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and elastin. Plaque progression is characterized by the formation of a fibrous cap composed of extracellular matrix proteins and smooth muscle cells, which acts to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque. Degradation, thinning, and subsequent rupture of the fibrous cap leads to lumen-occlusive atherothrombosis, most commonly resulting in heart attack or stroke. This chapter describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, current and emerging therapies, key challenges, and future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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45
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Wang Y, Wang Y. Accelerated Ovarian Aging Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Its Association With Adverse Lipid Profile. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:780979. [PMID: 35432199 PMCID: PMC9005646 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.780979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of diabetes on reproductive function is still not clearly defined. This study aimed to evaluate accelerated ovarian aging in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with adverse lipid profile. METHODS Female patients with T2DM (n=964) and non-T2DM controls (n=263) aging from 18-80 years were included. Levels of circulating sex hormones were measured at the follicular phase in menstruating women. We analyzed the age-specific trends in the levels of sex hormones between T2DM and controls. The correlations of sex hormones with the lipid profile, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were also evaluated. RESULTS In the temporal trends analysis, LH and FSH both started to increase obviously approximately from the age of 45 years among patients with T2DM, and displayed peaks of LH and FSH among patients with T2DM aged between 61 and 65, both of which were obviously earlier than that in non-T2DM controls and proved the accelerated ovarian aging among patients with T2DM. E2 of patients with T2DM was continuous lower than that of non-T2DM controls from approximately 45 years old, and LH and FSH of patients with T2DM were higher than those of non-T2DM controls between the age of 55 to 65 years. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that LH was positively correlated with LDL-C (Coefficient=0.156, P=0.001) and TC (Coefficient=0.134, P=0.025), and was negatively correlated with HDL-C (Coefficient =-0.065, P=0.001) in patients with T2DM aged between 51 and 60, which was independent of age, T2DM duration, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FSH, E2 and other potential confounders. Higher E2 level was significantly and independently correlated with lower LDL-C (Coefficient= -0.064, P=0.033) in patients with T2DM aged between 51 and 60. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that patients with T2DM have accelerated ovarian aging, and it is correlated with the occurrence of disturbed lipid profile in patients with T2DM. With an ever increasing number of female patients with T2DM diagnosed at younger ages, the accelerated ovarian aging and its adverse impacts in T2DM need to be carefully managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yangang Wang,
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46
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Falck RS, Best JR, Davis JC, Barha CK, Khan KM, Liu-Ambrose T. Cardiometabolic risk, biological sex, and age do not share an interactive relationship with cognitive function: A cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:405-414. [PMID: 34898283 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether cardiometabolic risk shares an interactive relationship with age-associated differences in cognition, and whether this relationship varies by biological sex. We conducted a cross-sectional analyses using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2010-2015) to examine whether: 1) cardiometabolic risk has an interactive relationship with age-associated cognition; and 2) interactive effects are sex-dependent. We measured memory, executive function, and verbal fluency in the Comprehensive cohort (n=25,830; 45-86 years). Each cognitive domain was modeled using restricted cubic splines for age and each cardiometabolic risk factor (HbA1c, HSCRP, TG, and LDL and HDL cholesterol). Sex was included as a predictor in all models. Wald chi-square statistics were used to determine the relative importance of age, cardiometabolic risk, sex, and their interactive effects on cognition. Age was the most important variable in each model (proportion χ2=34-48%). Biological sex was the second most important variable for memory (proportion χ2=26%), but was unimportant for executive function and verbal fluency (proportion χ2=3-5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were unimportant predictors in each model (proportion χ2=1-3%). Two and three-way interactions between cardiometabolic risk, age, and sex were also unimportant (proportion χ2=0-2%). Thus, cardiometabolic risk factors did not meaningfully account for age-associated differences in cognition, and these associations (or lack thereof) did not vary by sex. Novelty: Males have poorer age-associated cognitive performance than females Females and males differ in cardiometabolic risk across middle and older adulthood Cardiometabolic risk has a small association with age-associated cognition, and there are no sex differences in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stanley Falck
- The University of British Columbia, Physical Therapy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - John R Best
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Univ British Columbia, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Cindy K Barha
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Karim M Khan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physical Therapy, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
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47
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Ferreira-González I. Is the lipid paradox finally unmasked? EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2021; 10:988-989. [PMID: 34750616 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ferreira-González
- Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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48
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Bonilha I, Hajduch E, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Le Goff W, Sposito AC. The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120807. [PMID: 34940565 PMCID: PMC8708656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7098; Fax: +55-19-3289-410
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Vinci P, Panizon E, Tosoni LM, Cerrato C, Pellicori F, Mearelli F, Biasinutto C, Fiotti N, Di Girolamo FG, Biolo G. Statin-Associated Myopathy: Emphasis on Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11687. [PMID: 34769118 PMCID: PMC8583847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statins are the first-choice therapy for dyslipidemias and are considered the cornerstone of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in both primary and secondary prevention. Despite the statin-therapy-mediated positive effects on cardiovascular events, patient compliance is often poor. Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are the most common side effect associated with treatment discontinuation. SAMS, which range from mild-to-moderate muscle pain, weakness, or fatigue to potentially life-threatening rhabdomyolysis, are reported by 10% to 25% of patients receiving statin therapy. There are many risk factors associated with patient features and hypolipidemic agents that seem to increase the risk of developing SAMS. Due to the lack of a "gold standard", the diagnostic test for SAMS is based on a clinical criteria score, which is independent of creatine kinase (CK) elevation. Mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of SAMS remain almost unclear, though a high number of risk factors may increase the probability of myotoxicity induced by statin therapy. Some of these, related to pharmacokinetic properties of statins and to concomitant therapies or patient characteristics, may affect statin bioavailability and increase vulnerability to high-dose statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Vinci
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Emiliano Panizon
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Letizia Maria Tosoni
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Carla Cerrato
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Federica Pellicori
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Chiara Biasinutto
- SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
- SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Cattinara Hospital, Department of Medical Surgical ad Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.T.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (F.M.); (N.F.); (F.G.D.G.); (G.B.)
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50
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Arida A, Legaki AI, Kravvariti E, Protogerou A, Sfikakis PP, Chatzigeorgiou A. PCSK9/LDLR System and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738764. [PMID: 34692791 PMCID: PMC8531404 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with the emergence of cardiovascular disease, while chronic inflammation is considered a common denominator for their parallel progression. The Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)/LDL-Receptor (LDLR) system is of high importance during atherogenesis, via regulating the clearance of LDL from the circulation; nevertheless the role of this molecular mechanism during RA-related atheromatosis is not known. Methods: Herein, high-resolution ultrasound measurements for arterial hypertrophy, atheromatosis and arterial stiffness as well as comprehensive biochemical profiling were performed in 85 RA patients. The circulating levels of PCSK9 and LDLR were measured and their potential associations as well as of the PCSK9/LDLR ratio with patients' characteristics and the degree of atherosclerosis were investigated. Results: Increased LDLR levels and decreased PCSK9/LDLR ratio were found in RA patients with at least 2 atheromatic plaques as compared to the ones without any plaques. In addition the levels of both PCSK9 and LDLR were positively correlated with the presence of atheromatic plaques as an age- and gender- adjusted multivariate analysis revealed. Conclusions: Our data imply that the PCSK9/LDLR system plays a significant role during RA-related atherosclerosis and may therefore be used as a screening tool for disease progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Arida
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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