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Tan JR, Vora BMK, Tan EJ, Mak MS, Lim CY, Too CW, Mohan PC. Contribution and challenges of musculoskeletal radiologists in interventional oncology-Is the cause worth the cost? Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-024-04785-2. [PMID: 39254837 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rong Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Bimal Mayur Kumar Vora
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu Jin Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May San Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Yeong Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow Wei Too
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Chandra Mohan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Block 2, Level 1, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Radiological Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Caviasco C, Jain NK, Lamparello NA. Medical student challenges in the wake of integrated interventional radiology residency: A review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:596-599. [PMID: 38724307 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024]
Abstract
Interventional radiology is a new medical specialty that recently created an integrated residency. This study serves a comprehensive review of literature discussing the challenges that medical students encounter in light of this new pathway, with a specific emphasis on the virtual application process. An analysis of 24 articles revealed that exposure to interventional radiology in medical school is lacking, with a limited pool of diverse mentors in the field. Moreover, medical school advising to students applying to interventional radiology may be inadequate. Although initiatives have been successful in increasing exposure, and there is encouraging data on diversity in the field at the trainee level since the start of the integrated residency, addressing the needs of medical students and focusing on the gaps in mentorship, advising, and curriculum is crucial for the success of applicants and overall specialty recruitment. The virtual process has provided on average $6008 of savings for applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil K Jain
- Division of Interventional Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nicole A Lamparello
- Division of Interventional Radiology, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Cao Y, Yu L, Xiong F, Wang J, Kan X, Zheng C. Longitudinal investigation of undergraduates' radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention in interventional radiology. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10848-8. [PMID: 38904757 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the school curriculum and on-site observation of interventional radiology (IR) operations in clinics on undergraduates' radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention. METHODS Between the academic years 2021 and 2023, all of the fourth-year undergraduates were surveyed by questionnaires, which covered their pre-curriculum, post-curriculum in-school, and post-on-site view of IR surgeries in clinic. The survey included categories of gender, fear of X-ray and IR operation, interest in IR surgery, and career-pursuing intention. RESULTS A total of 333 (91.0%) respondents (111 students for three times) were included in analyses. The fear of X-ray and radiation exposure during IR procedures was reduced after taking school courses (p < 0.001), and it was further decreased after on-site viewing (p < 0.001). The association values among the three groups were 33.8% and 41.9%, respectively. The interest in IR was improved both after applying for the curriculum and after clinical exposure to IR surgery (p < 0.001). In addition, 4 (3.6%) and 12 (10.8%) students showed a sense of achievement after taking courses and on-site viewing, respectively. The association value was 49.4%. Regarding career intention, it was both significantly increased after taking courses and on-site observation (p < 0.001). Besides, 8 (7.2%), 17 (15.3%), and 36 (32.4%) students in the three groups considered IR as the preferred career choice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Applying for IR curriculum could reduce undergraduates' radiation anxiety, and activate their professional interest and career pursuing intention. Clinical exposure to IR surgeries further boosted this effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Educational interventions of curriculum and on-site view of IR surgery improve the undergraduates' interest in IR and stimulate their career intention, which is crucial for the advancement of IR. KEY POINTS Increasing interest in interventional radiology (IR) as a career is urgent, given rising demand of services. Education and on-site viewing of IR surgery reduced radiation anxiety and increased interest in IR. Early exposure to IR is effective at encouraging undergraduates to consider IR as their career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Xuefeng Kan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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4
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Blum SFU, Dewald CLA, Becker L, Staudacher E, Franke M, Katoh M, Hoffmann RT, Rohde S, Paprottka PM, Wacker F, Westphalen K, Bruners P, Gebauer B, Das M, Uller W. The status of academic interventional radiologists in Germany with focus on gender disparity: how can we do better? CVIR Endovasc 2024; 7:47. [PMID: 38753113 PMCID: PMC11098981 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-024-00456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to characterize the framework conditions in academic interventional radiology (IR) in Germany with focus on differences between genders. MATERIALS AND METHODS After IRB approval, all members of The German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (n = 1,632) were invited to an online survey on work and research. Statistical comparisons were undertaken with the Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test or Pearson's Chi-squared test. RESULTS From 267 available questionnaires (general response rate 16.4%), 200 were fully completed. 40% of these (78/200) were involved in research (71% men vs. 29% women, p < 0.01) and eligible for further analysis. Of these, 6% worked part-time (2% vs. 17%, p < 0.05). 90% of the respondents spent less than 25% of their research during their paid working hours, and 41% performed more than 75% of their research during. leisure time. 28% received exemption for research. 88% were (rather) satisfied with their career. One in two participants successfully applied for funding, with higher success rates among male applicants (90% vs. 75%) and respondents with protected research time (93% vs. 80%). Compared to men, women rated their entrance in research as harder (p < 0.05), their research career as more important (p < 0.05), felt less noticed at congresses (93% vs. 53%, p < 0.01), less confident (98% vs. 71%, p < 0.01), and not well connected (77% vs. 36%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Women and men did research under the same circumstances; however, women were underrepresented. Future programs should generally focus on protected research time and gather female mentors to advance academic IR in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Freya Ulrike Blum
- Institute and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 47, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Lena Becker
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl- Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emona Staudacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Franke
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Canton Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Katoh
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, HELIOS Hospital Krefeld, Lutherplatz 40, 47805, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 47, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rohde
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH, Beurhausstraße 40, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philip Marius Paprottka
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl- Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Westphalen
- Department of Radiology, DRK Hospital Berlin, Salvador-Allende-Straße 2-8, 12559, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gebauer
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Südstraße 3, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Das
- Department of Radiology, Helios Hospital Duisburg, Dieselstraße 185, 47166, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Uller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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5
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Shah AS, Tulk AH, Shrestha R, Buckner-Petty SA, Fox MG. Analysis of National Resident Matching Program for Radiology Fellowships: Factors Affecting Program Fill Rates. J Am Coll Radiol 2024:S1546-1440(24)00421-6. [PMID: 38719097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) is used by an increasing number of diagnostic radiology (DR) residents applying to subspecialty fellowships. Data characterizing match outcomes on the basis of program characteristics are limited. The aim of this study was to determine if fellowship or residency size, location, or perceived reputation was related with a program filling its quota. METHODS Using public NRMP data from 2004 to 2022, DR residency, breast imaging (BI), musculoskeletal imaging (MSK), interventional radiology (IR), and neuroradiology (NR) fellowship programs were characterized by geography, DR and fellowship quota, applicants per position (A/P), and reputation as determined by being an Aunt Minnie best DR program semifinalist, Doximity 2021-2022 top 25 program, or U.S. News & World Report top 20 hospital. The DR program's reputation was substituted for fellowships at the same institution. A program was considered filled if it met its quota. RESULTS The 2022 A/P ratios were 1.02 for IR, 0.83 for BI, 0.75 for MSK, and 0.88 for NR. IR was excluded from additional analysis because its A/P was >1. The combined BI, MSK, and NR fellowships filled 78% of positions (529 of 679) and 56% of programs (132 of 234). Factors associated with higher program filling included Doximity top 25 program, Aunt Minnie semifinalist, and U.S. News & World Report top 20 hospital affiliation (P < .001 for all); DR residency quota greater than 9, and fellowship quota of three or more (P < .01). The Ohio Valley (Ohio, western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky) filled the lowest, at 39% of programs (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Larger fellowship programs with higher perceived reputations and larger underlying DR residency programs were significantly more likely to fill their NRMP quota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Fox
- Diagnostic Radiology Program Director, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona.
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6
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Medema AM, Goins SM, Maxfield CM, Grimm LJ, French RJ, Martin JG. Medical student perspectives on radiology subspecialties prior to core clerkship. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:239-242. [PMID: 37891084 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Radiology remains underrepresented in U.S. medical school clinical curricula, and preconceived opinions about the field may impact whether students pursue elective exposure. A core radiology clerkship at one academic institution presents an opportunity to evaluate students' early preferences for different radiology subspecialties, thus informing curricular design and inspiring student recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHODS At a single allopathic medical school, a required, four-week, clinical-year radiology clerkship that occurs in the second year includes immersive one-week experiences in two subspecialties. Prior to their clerkship, students rank their immersion preferences by distributing 100 points across eight fields, the values of which were analyzed as a proxy for interest. A secondary survey was distributed to active first- and second-year medical students to further investigate the factors drawing them to radiology. RESULTS Immersive experiences in musculoskeletal, body, and breast imaging were most preferred, earning ≥20 points from 41.6 %, 34.3 %, and 31.9 % of students, respectively. Women were significantly more likely than men to express interest in breast imaging (35.8 % vs. 24.8 %, p = 0.037) and pediatric radiology (28.8 % vs. 12.8 %, p = 0.001). Men were significantly more likely than women to prefer body imaging (41.9 % vs. 30.2 %, p = 0.034), neuroradiology (29.1 % vs. 19.5 %, p = 0.048), and nuclear medicine (11.1 % vs. 5.1 %, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Early in their clinical education, medical students prefer certain subspecialties, especially musculoskeletal, body, and breast imaging. Women expressed significantly stronger interest in breast imaging and pediatric radiology, while men indicated significantly stronger interest in body imaging, neuroradiology, and nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Medema
- Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stacy M Goins
- Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J French
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan G Martin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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7
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Neitzel E, vanSonnenberg E, Lynch K, Irwin C, Shah-Patel L, Mamlouk MD. Why Medical Students Pursue Radiology: A Current Longitudinal Survey on Motivations and Controversial Issues in Radiology. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:736-744. [PMID: 37852816 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Radiology is an increasingly competitive specialty. Various current factors influence medical students' decision to pursue a radiology career, including artificial intelligence (AI), remote reading, and COVID-19. This study seeks to determine the decision-making factors of all alumni from our medical school who matched into a radiology residency, and to gather opinions on emerging radiology topics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey querying decision-making factors and opinions on current radiology topics was distributed to all alumni from our medical school (first graduating class in 2011) who previously matched into a diagnostic or interventional radiology residency program (n = 57). Wilcoxon Rank-Sum and Fisher's Exact tests were used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Forty-three of fifty-seven responses were received (75% response rate). The most influential factor that sparked respondents' interest in radiology was a radiology elective (25/43, 58%). Students who will finish radiology training in 2023 or later were more likely to be influenced by a mentor (15/23, 65%) than those who finished radiology training before 2023 (5/20, 25%) (p = 0.04). Respondents reported a 1.6/5 concern about AI negatively impacting their future career in radiology. There was 1.7/5 concern about performing radiology procedures on patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents predicted that remote reading would have a 3.2/5 positive impact on helping them achieve their preferred lifestyle. Job satisfaction among attending radiologists is rated at 4.3/5. CONCLUSION Radiology electives had the greatest influence in piquing students' interest in radiology, while mentorship is assuming increasing influence. AI is perceived as a relatively minimal threat to negatively impact radiologists' jobs. Respondents had little concern about performing radiology procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote reading is viewed as having a moderately positive impact on lifestyle. Responding radiologists enjoy notably high job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easton Neitzel
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, HSEB C536, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 (E.N., E.v., K.L., C.I., L.S.-P.).
| | - Eric vanSonnenberg
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, HSEB C536, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 (E.N., E.v., K.L., C.I., L.S.-P.); Departments of Radiology & Student Affairs, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ (M.M., E.v., L.S.-P.)
| | - Kelly Lynch
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, HSEB C536, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 (E.N., E.v., K.L., C.I., L.S.-P.)
| | - Chase Irwin
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, HSEB C536, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 (E.N., E.v., K.L., C.I., L.S.-P.)
| | - Lisa Shah-Patel
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, HSEB C536, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 (E.N., E.v., K.L., C.I., L.S.-P.); Departments of Radiology & Student Affairs, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ (M.M., E.v., L.S.-P.)
| | - Mark D Mamlouk
- Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, California (M.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.M.)
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Khaja MS, Sabri SS. Status Report on the Integrated and Independent IR Residencies: Origins and Projections for the Future. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:2061-2064. [PMID: 38008538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of interventional radiology (IR) has undergone a historic transformation since 2014, marked by the approval of the IR residency program. This paradigm shift has revolutionized the traditional training pathway, which previously comprised a 1-year vascular and IR fellowship after diagnostic radiology residency. The introduction of integrated and independent IR residencies, including the option for Early Specialization in Interventional Radiology (ESIR), has reshaped the landscape of IR training. The implementation of the IR residency has been exceptionally successful, with the IR residency continuing to be one of the most sought-after residencies for medical students. Additionally, the option for IR training in diagnostic radiology has been retained, accommodating both ESIR and non-ESIR residents. With the continuous growth of accredited programs and rising popularity of IR as a specialty, the future of IR appears limitless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaj S Khaja
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Saher S Sabri
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
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9
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Kim J, Kaylor K, Lamparello N. The Gender Gap in Interventional Radiology: Barriers, Opportunities, and the Role of the Integrated IR Residency. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2749-2756. [PMID: 36870809 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To review the gender gap in Interventional Radiology (IR) and explore the role of the Integrated IR residency. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of gender demographic data of medical school applicants to Integrated IR residency from 2016-2021, and active residents/fellows ("trainees") in IR and peer specialties from 2007 to 2021. RESULTS Women comprised 21.0% of medical student applicants to the Integrated IR residency in the 2020-21 academic year, versus 12.9% of Diagnostic Radiology (DR) resident applicants to the Independent IR residency; these figures have stayed relatively constant since 2016-17 and represent a statistically significantly difference (p=0.000044). The Integrated pathway has become the dominant source of IR trainees, growing from 4.4% in 2016-17 to 76.3% in 2020-21 (p=0.0013). From 2007 to 2021, the percentage of all IR trainees who were female grew from 10.5% to 20.3% (p=0.005). From 2017 to 2021, the percentage of Integrated IR residents who were female grew from 13.3% to 22.0% (p=0.053, 19.1% year-over-year growth), and has been higher than the percentage of female Independent IR residents (p=0.048). CONCLUSION Women continue to be underrepresented in IR, though this gender gap is improving. The Integrated IR residency appears to have majorly contributed to this improvement, consistently supplying more women into the IR pipeline than through the fellowship/Independent IR residency. Women are significantly better represented among current Integrated IR residents than Independent residents. The now-dominant Integrated IR pathway must increase women recruitment for continued gender gap improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021.
| | - Kiara Kaylor
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nicole Lamparello
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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10
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Matsumoto MM, Shamimi-Noori S, Gade TP, Hoffmann JC, Nadolski GJ, DePietro DM. A 5-Year Update on the IR Residency Match: 2022 National Survey Results of Program Directors and Matched Applicants Compared with 2017. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1584-1598.e49. [PMID: 37182670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the experiences of matched applicants (MAs) and program directors (PDs) in the 2022 interventional radiology (IR) residency Match and compare with 2017 data. METHODS Surveys were distributed to IR PDs and MAs from the 2022 Match. Findings were compared with those of 2017 using the 2-sample t test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS In total, 68 MAs (40%) and 47 PDs (52%) responded. Collected demographic traits were similar, including ongoing male predominance (77% of MAs, 83% of PDs). Moreover, 86% of MAs and 87% of PDs were "satisfied" with Match outcomes. Compared with those in 2017, MAs applied to more IR programs (P < .001). MAs reported more research (P = .003) and abstracts/publications (P < .001) and ranked these as more important than PDs did (P < .001 for both). Approximately 82% of PDs gave special attention to candidates who completed a visiting rotation at their institution; 60% of MAs and 95% of PDs believed virtual interviews resulted in overinterviewing (P < .001); both agreed they provided convenience and accessibility. Furthermore, 63% of MAs believed a Step 1 pass/fail system will be less equitable for applicants. Additional data on demographics, medical school experiences, applications, interviews, intern year, and rank process were reported. CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with Match results remained high from 2017 to 2022, although efforts are needed to improve applicants' ability to navigate the application process, address overapplying, and evaluate concerns regarding the Step 1 pass/fail system. These survey findings will help inform applicants and PDs for future match cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Susan Shamimi-Noori
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P Gade
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason C Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York
| | - Gregory J Nadolski
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel M DePietro
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Warhadpande S, Khaja MS, Kaufman C, Rochon PJ, Marx MV, Sabri SS. Early Lessons Learned with the Independent IR Residency Selection Process: Similarities and Differences From the Vascular and Interventional Radiology Fellowship. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:1590-1594. [PMID: 34794880 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Warhadpande
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Minhaj S Khaja
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
| | - Claire Kaufman
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paul J Rochon
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Victoria Marx
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Saher S Sabri
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
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12
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Junn JC, Whitman GJ, Wasnik AP, Wang MX, Guelfguat M, Goodman ED, Middlebrooks EH. Virtual Mentoring: A Guide to Navigating a New Age in Mentorship. Acad Radiol 2022; 30:749-754. [PMID: 36089477 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mentorship is a fundamental part of professional and personal growth. Over time, the fabric of mentorship has been transforming from typical one-on-one mentor-mentee relationship to other types including peer, group, speed, and virtual mentoring. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, it caused major disruptions in many facets of life and career, including mentoring. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, live meetings were canceled, and social distancing measures were enacted at many institutions. Thus, the traditional set-up, with a face-to-face mentor and mentee interaction, was impossible. Many virtual platforms were utilized to navigate through these restrictions. In this review, we highlight challenges in mentorship during the COVID-19 pandemic and how we implemented different strategies to promote mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Junn
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Gary J Whitman
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashish P Wasnik
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan - Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mindy X Wang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Guelfguat
- Department of Radiology, Jacobi Medical Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Eric D Goodman
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
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13
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Grimm LJ, Fish LJ, Carrico CW, Martin JG, Nwankwo VC, Farley S, Meltzer CC, Maxfield CM. Radiology Stereotypes, Application Barriers, and Hospital Integration: A Mixed-methods Study of Medical Student Perceptions of Radiology. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:1108-1115. [PMID: 34563441 PMCID: PMC10150737 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Limited exposure to radiology by medical students can perpetuate negative stereotypes and hamper recruitment efforts. The purpose of this study is to understand medical students' perceptions of radiology and how they change based on medical education and exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-institution mixed-methods study included four groups of medical students with different levels of radiology exposure. All participants completed a 16-item survey regarding demographics, opinions of radiology, and perception of radiology stereotypes. Ten focus groups were administered to probe perceptions of radiology. Focus groups were coded to identify specific themes in conjunction with the survey results. RESULTS Forty-nine participants were included. Forty-two percent of participants had positive opinions of radiology. Multiple radiology stereotypes were identified, and false stereotypes were diminished with increased radiology exposure. Opinions of the impact of artificial intelligence on radiology closely aligned with positive or negative views of the field overall. Multiple barriers to applying for a radiology residency position were identified including board scores and lack of mentorship. COVID-19 did not affect perceptions of radiology. There was broad agreement that students do not enter medical school with many preconceived notions of radiology, but that subsequent exposure was generally positive. Exposure both solidified and eliminated various stereotypes. Finally, there was general agreement that radiology is integral to the health system with broad exposure on all services. CONCLUSION Medical student perceptions of radiology are notably influenced by exposure and radiology programs should take active steps to engage in medical student education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710; Duke Cancer Institute, DUMC Box 3917, Durham, NC 27710.
| | - Laura J Fish
- Duke Cancer Institute, DUMC Box 3917, Durham, NC 27710; Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Caroline Wt Carrico
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jonathan G Martin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Vesta C Nwankwo
- Department of Radiology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Carolyn C Meltzer
- Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710
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14
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Khaja MS, Jo A, Sherk WM, Majdalany BS, Dunnick NR, Bailey JE, Saad WE. Perspective on the New IR Residency Selection Process: 4-year Experience at a Large, Collaborative Training Program. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:469-472. [PMID: 33602595 PMCID: PMC8803050 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Interventional Radiology (IR) was officially approved by the American Board of Medical Specialties in 2012 and the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education as a unique, integrated residency in 2014. Its establishment and distinction from diagnostic radiology was compelled by the increasing emphasis on clinical care delivery by IRs. The shift in the IR training paradigm, as exemplified in the Integrated IR residency programs, appeals to a distinct cohort of applicants, prompting the need to re-evaluate the recruitment and selection process. This article discusses selection criteria for identifying ideal candidates for the new IR training model (focusing on Integrated IR residency training), highlights the importance of collaboration between the IR and DR selection committees, and illustrates the changes made at a single institution over the course of 4 selection cycles prior to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as significant changes in the current climate of the global pandemic.
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15
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Evolution of the Interventional Radiology (IR) Pathway-Various Changes and Interrelation to Diagnostic Radiology (DR). Acad Radiol 2021; 28:1253-1263. [PMID: 33906805 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interventional radiology continues to evolve into a more robust and clinically dynamic specialty underpinned by significant advancements in training, education, and practice. This article, prepared by members of the 2020-2021 Association of University Radiologists' task force of the Radiology Research Alliance, will review these developments, highlighting the evolution of interventional radiology pathways with attention to growing educational differences, interrelation to diagnostic radiology training, post-training practice patterns, distribution of procedures and future trends, amongst other key features important to those pursuing a career in interventional radiology as well as those in practice.
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16
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Park LS, Dibble EH, Baird GL, George P, Ahn SH. Considerations in Specialty Selections: What Medical Students Think, Know, and Think They Know about Interventional Radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32:985-992.e4. [PMID: 33771715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the motivation, deterrents, knowledge, exposure, and other specialty considerations of first- to fourth-year medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR) with those who are not. MATERIALS AND METHODS Matriculants of 5 medical schools varying by region, public/private, class size, and National Institutes of Health research ranking received a 19-question survey with questions about demographics, specialty interests, motivations/deterrents, knowledge, and exposure to IR. RESULTS A total of 25.8% (611/2370) of students completed the survey, of which 20.5% (125/611) expressed interest in IR, and 25% (47/186), 26% (40/153), 24% (34/143), and 3% (3/117) of first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year medical students, respectively, were seriously considering IR. Those interested in IR were less motivated by direct patient care (mean, 2.8/5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-3.0) and longitudinal patient care (mean, 1.6/5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7) (both, P < .01) and more motivated by salary (2.6/5; 95% CI, 2.3-2.9), job market (2.8/5; 95% CI, 2.6-2.9), and procedures (3.1/5; 95% CI, 2.8-3.4) compared with their peers (all P < .05). Those interested in IR were more certain about their IR knowledge (mean range, 1.6-2.0/3.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3) than their peers (mean range, 1.9-2.4/3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1, in which 0 = certain, P ≤ .01); however, both groups scored low in actual knowledge (those considering IR: 35.0-73.2% correct; 95% CI, 23.5-81.4; those who were not: 26.6-66.7% correct; 95% CI, 24.3-75.9, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although medical students showed interest in IR, they had a limited understanding of IR. IR educators may increase IR interest and understanding among medical students by clarifying the procedural aspects and longitudinal care present in a comprehensive IR practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Park
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. https://twitter.com/LaurenS_Park
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Grayson L Baird
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Lifespan Biostatistics Core, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Paul George
- Department of Family Medicine and Medical Science, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sun Ho Ahn
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. https://twitter.com/SunHoAhn
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17
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Smith EB, Sherrill GC, Lewis PJ, Faykus MW, Jordan SG. Online Hide and Seek: Allopathic US Medical Schools' Radiology Education Virtual Presence. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:25-29. [PMID: 33865644 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To highlight radiology's merits and boost appeal to medical students in the digital era, it is increasingly important for radiology departments to be readily accessible to medical students. We report the results of a multivariate analysis of the virtual presence of radiology medical student education of 152 allopathic United States (US) medical schools, the first report of its kind to the authors' knowledge. We detail eight elements to include when optimizing a radiology medical student education website. METHODS In August 2020, the Department of Radiology websites at 152 allopathic US medical schools were assessed for the presence of a medical student radiology education website and accessibility of collated information about preclinical and clinical course offerings, radiology interest groups, and outreach initiatives in the form of student radiology mentorship, shadowing, and research opportunities. RESULTS 65.1% (99/152) of allopathic US medical schools' radiology departments have a dedicated medical student radiology education website, one of which was excluded from further review due to password protected content. 58.2% (57/98) of departmental websites include information about preclinical radiology coursework and 90.8% (89/98) of departments provide information about clinical courses. Details about interest groups were found on 26.5% (26/98) of departmental websites. Information about mentorship and shadowing was identified on less than half of departmental websites. 51% (50/98) of Department of Radiology websites provide information about research opportunities for students. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the majority of allopathic US medical schools' radiology departments lack full information of relevance to medical students. To engage today's and tomorrow's medical learners digitally, there is opportunity and need to improve the online availability of information about preclinical and clinical radiology courses, student interest groups, shadowing opportunities, student mentorship, and student research. We detail eight elements to include when optimizing a radiology medical student education website. In most instances, this can be accomplished by revising an existing radiology department website in a manner that engages, educates, and recruits medical students. As a specialty, radiology must expand our digital footprint to reach tomorrow's colleagues and leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana B Smith
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
| | | | | | | | - Sheryl G Jordan
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Chapel Hill, NC
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18
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Gaetke-Udager K, Magid D, Smith M, Kumar V, Khaja M, Dunnick NR. Recruiting Future Radiologists: How Can We Do Better? Acad Radiol 2020; 27:1311-1315. [PMID: 31519410 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sakya SM, Winters T, Thomas S, Dinh ML, Hallan DR. Synergistic Growth in Number of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Matches at Pennsylvania State College of Medicine After 2016. Cureus 2020; 12:e8949. [PMID: 32765994 PMCID: PMC7398705 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Niekamp AS, Hoffmann JC, Patel PJ, Gornal J, Goubeaux J, Rochon PJ. The Emerging Integrated IR Residency: Analysis Based on 2017 and 2018 Medical Student Surveys. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:692-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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