1
|
Wan X, Zhang Y, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Lu G, Liu S, Chen C. A study of the relationship and mediating effects of perceived stress and post-traumatic growth in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 71:102659. [PMID: 39003842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The traumatic experience of cancer, in addition to its negative impact on breast cancer patients, can also bring about positive change, i.e., post-traumatic growth (PTG). PTG can help boost patients' confidence in their fight against the disease and improve their adherence to treatment, thereby facilitating their recovery. The study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived stress on the PTG of patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer and to examine the roles of rumination and self-efficacy between two. METHODS The data was collected using a cross-sectional design. From December 2021 to October 2022, a total of 306 breast cancer patients who had undergone chemotherapy following surgery and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from three tertiary-level A hospitals in Henan Province, China. We conducted descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and a regression analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 80 to explore the relationships among perceived stress, rumination, self-efficacy, and PTG. RESULTS Perceived stress of patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer had a negative predictive effect on PTG (r = -0.340, P < 0.01); Rumination and self-efficacy played a partial mediating effect between perceived stress and PTG, accounting for 45.25% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Clinical nursing staff could promote PTG by strengthening psychological assessment and timely psychological intervention for patients with high perceived stress levels, encourage patients to adopt a positive way of thinking about illness and improve their self-efficacy level, so as to improve their PTG level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Guangli Lu
- Institute of Business Administration, School of business, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shejuan Liu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Li Y, Yuan H, Wu X. Interaction between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among adolescents who experience an earthquake: A repeated longitudinal study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:615-631. [PMID: 37947343 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For adolescents who experience an earthquake, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co-occur. However, no study has yet examined how the interaction between them changes from the short term to the long term after an earthquake. This study conducted six surveys among local adolescents across three waves after the Wenchuan earthquake, and a directed network of PTSS and PTG co-occurrence was constructed for each wave. It was found that the bridge nodes between PTSSs and PTG were different for each wave. The connection between PTSSs and PTG became loose over time. The incubation effect of PTSSs on PTG was sustained until the middle term but was not observed in the long term. The suppression effect of PTSSs on PTG was only observed in the short term. PTG not only alleviated PTSSs but also exacerbated PTSSs. Finally, the effect of PTSSs on PTG was much stronger than that of PTG on PTSSs. This study suggests that efforts should be made to alleviate specific PTSSs or facilitate specific PTG elements among adolescents for different terms after an earthquake, and PTG is more likely to be an outcome of trauma rather than a strategy for coping with trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Pingshan Foreign Languages School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Applied Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Culquichicón C, Astudillo-Rueda D, Niño-Garcia R, Martinez-Rivera RN, Tsui NM, Gilman RH, Levy K, Lescano AG. Post-traumatic stress disorder, food insecurity, and social capital after the 2017 coastal El Niño flooding among mothers from Piura, Peru: A mixed method study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002996. [PMID: 38635669 PMCID: PMC11025727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In order to understand the impacts in the post-disaster scenario of the 2017 El Niño events in the Piura region-Peru, we examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), food insecurity (FI), and social capital (SC) across three-time points in mothers in highly affected areas. In the Piura, Castilla, and Catacaos districts, we studied mothers combining mixed-method assessments at three (June-July 2017), eight and 12 months after the flooding. Each outcome was measured with the PTSD-Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), the Household-Food-Insecurity-Access-Scale (HFIAS), the Adapted-Social-Capital-Assessment-Tool (SASCAT) surveys. In-depth interviews at the first evaluation were also conducted. At the first evaluation, 38.1% (n = 21) of 179 mothers reported PTSD; eight months and one year after the flooding, it dropped to 1.9% and virtually zero, respectively. Severe FI also declined over time, from 90.0% three months after the flooding to 31.8% eight months after, to 13.1% one year after. Conversely, high-cognitive SC was increased three months after the flooding (42.1%) and much greater levels at eight and 12 months after (86.7% and 77.7%, respectively). High levels of PTSD and severe FI three months after the flooding consistently decreased to nearly zero one-year post-disaster. High levels of high-cognitive SC may have helped mothers to recover from PTSD and FI in Piura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Culquichicón
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Astudillo-Rueda
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
| | - Roberto Niño-Garcia
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Raisa N. Martinez-Rivera
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicole Merino Tsui
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Levy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang W, Ye J, Wei Y, Yuan L, Wu J, Xia Z, Huang J, Wang H, Li Z, Guo J, Xiao A. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Post-Traumatic Growth: A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychiatric Nurses Suffering from Workplace Violence in Guangdong China. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1291-1302. [PMID: 38524859 PMCID: PMC10961019 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s450347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence (WPV) had become an important issue that endangered the occupational safety of psychiatric nurses. A growing number of studies showed positive post-traumatic growth (PTG) resulting from coping with trauma. Objective To investigate the characteristics of PTG in psychiatric nurses who experienced violence in the workplace and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1202 psychiatric nurses participated in the study. From October 2022 to December 2022, this cross-sectional study collected data on psychiatric nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Twenty-item Chinese version post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI), Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professional (JSE-HP), Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression Instrument (CCPAI), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) measured PTG level, empathy, the confidence in coping with WPV, post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience, respectively. Bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression explored potential influencing factors of PTG. This study complies with the EQUATOR (STROBE) checklist. Results The sample was composed of a total of 1202 psychiatric nurses suffering from WPV. The average score of PTGI in psychiatric nurses was above average (65.75 points; SD = 20.20). Linear regression analyses showed from single-child family (β=0.052,95% CI=0.342,5.409, P<0.05), education background (β=0.108,95% CI=1.833,5.097, P<0.001), the confidence in coping with patient aggression (β=0.106,95% CI=1.385,4.317, P<0.001), empathy (β=0.057,95% CI=0.312,4.374, P<0.05), and resilience (β=0.484,95% CI=7.737,9.575, P<0.001) were associated with PTG level. Conclusion Psychiatric nurses who were non-single child, had received higher education, had confidence in coping with patient aggression, had good resilience and strong empathy were prone to PTG after experiencing WPV. The study findings could help hospitals and nursing managers identify vulnerable individuals and take early intervention measures against such populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Ye
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanheng Wei
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Lexin Yuan
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialan Wu
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Xia
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixiang Xiao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510370, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jónsdóttir EK, Sigurvinsdottir RS, Ásgeirsdóttir BB. Associations among posttraumatic growth, demographic characteristics, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and trauma type, with a focus on sexual violence. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:849-860. [PMID: 37339113 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed posttraumatic growth (PTG) across multiple trauma types and by demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education). Moreover, we examined the association between PTG and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as the characteristics and predictors of PTG after sexual violence. A phone survey was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 1,766 Icelandic adults. In total, 1,528 individuals reported having experienced some form of trauma and were included in the analysis, and 563 reported experiencing sexual violence. Interpersonal trauma (e.g., sexual violence, emotional abuse, and domestic violence) was associated with the highest levels of PTG. Moderate levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with the highest levels of PTG, whereas high- or low-level PTSD symptoms were related to less PTG. Women reported significantly more PTG than men, d = 0.16 and survivors of sexual violence reported significantly more PTG than individuals who reported other forms of trauma exposure, d = 0.28. Among sexual violence survivors, no demographic factors were associated with PTG, but cumulative trauma and positive social reactions were significantly related to higher levels of PTG. This study highlights that personal growth can result from aversive experiences and suggests a curvilinear association between PTG and PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moore JB, Rubin KCR, Heaney CA. Benefit finding and well-being over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288332. [PMID: 37498840 PMCID: PMC10374125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding benefit finding, the process of deriving growth from adversity, and its relationship to well-being amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 701) completed online surveys at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after a shelter-in-place mandate was announced in California, USA. Identifying as female or of Asian descent, having a supportive social network, and reporting more distress were associated with higher levels of general benefit finding at all data collection points, while other demographics were not. Benefit finding exhibited small but statistically significant associations with two measures of well-being. Understanding the extent to which various groups of people experience benefit finding during ongoing adversity and how such benefit finding is associated with well-being may help to promote mental health during a collective trauma like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie B Moore
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Katharine C R Rubin
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Heaney
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang H, Na PJ, Fischer IC, Tsai J, Tedeschi RG, Pietrzak RH. Pandemic-related posttraumatic psychological growth in U.S. military veterans: A 3-year, nationally representative, longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115370. [PMID: 37499281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the positive psychological changes or posttraumatic growth (PTG) in response to the pandemic as the COVID-19 vaccines has become widely available. This longitudinal study aimed to characterize changes in the prevalence of pandemic-related PTG, and to identify and quantify the relative importance of PTG correlates pre-pandemic, 1- year peri‑pandemic, and 2-years post-pandemic onset. A total of 2,441 U.S. military veterans completed Wave 3 assessment of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. In the full sample, a significant decrease from peri‑pandemic to 2-years post-pandemic onset was observed in overall pandemic-related PTG (41.5% to 32.2%) and four domains of PTG (appreciation of life, relating to others, personal strength, spiritual changes). Among veterans who screened positive for pandemic-related posttraumatic stress symptoms, the prevalence of pandemic-related PTG was markedly higher and did not change from peri‑pandemic to 2-years post-pandemic onset (78.4% to 73.4%). Greater pre-pandemic PTG (personal strength and new possibilities) and greater worries about the effect of pandemic on one's mental health were the strongest correlates of pandemic-related PTG 2-years post-pandemic onset. Results suggest that psychosocial interventions to bolster PTG in relation to early life traumas may help facilitate PTG in response to the pandemic and related crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Kang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Peter J Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ian C Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jack Tsai
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; National Center on Homelessness among Veterans, Homeless Programs Office, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Richard G Tedeschi
- Boulder Crest Institute for Posttraumatic Growth, Bluemont, VA, United States of America
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beaglehole B, Bell C, Mulder R, Boden J. Pathways to post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress following the Canterbury earthquakes in a cohort of 40-year-olds. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022:48674221134501. [PMID: 36412984 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221134501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress following the Canterbury earthquakes and to quantify the relationships between exposure to the earthquakes, post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress. METHOD The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal birth cohort study of New Zealanders aged 40 years at the time of latest assessment in 2017. A total of 455 participants were exposed to the Canterbury earthquakes and assessed in 2012 and 2017. Post-traumatic growth was measured in 2017 using the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Earthquake-related post-traumatic stress was measured in 2012 using post-traumatic stress disorder items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress were modelled using measures of earthquake impact and subjective measures of earthquake consequences (peri-traumatic stress and disruption distress). RESULTS There was an indirect relationship between earthquake impact and post-traumatic growth. This was mediated via disruption distress. There was also an indirect relationship between earthquake impact and post-traumatic stress. This was mediated via peri-traumatic stress and disruption distress. Post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress were not significantly related. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress is required for a holistic understanding of disaster consequences. Subjective assessment of distress following disasters is required to predict their psychological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Beaglehole
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roger Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of earthquake: A 10-year cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:331-337. [PMID: 36174368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This 10-year cohort study explored whether individual differences in resilience during early stages post-earthquake could have diverse impacts on future PTG and whether the impacts varied by sex. 1357 Chinese adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake were assessed on their resilience at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months post-earthquake. 799 participants responded to an online survey 10 years later, and 744 of which provided useable data for subsequent analysis. Resilience trajectories were modeled using the latent class growth analysis. Linear regressions were used to test the predictive effects of different resilience trajectories on subsequent PTG. Of 744 samples (Mage=15.44, SD = 0.66 at baseline), 59.1% were females. Three trajectories of resilience were identified, including low resilience (19.8%), moderate resilience (58.7%), and high resilience (21.5%). Highly resilient participants reported greater PTG 10 years later (β = 0.12, 95%CI 0.60-6.08) after adjusting for demographic variables, earthquake exposure, negative life events, and mental health problems. Moreover, the same findings only existed in males (β = 0.22, 95%CI 1.26-11.01). Our findings highlight the importance of classifying survivors by resilience trajectories in order to better account for different implications on future PTG. Moreover, sex-specific programs are needed to provide tailored intervention.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeng Z, Wang X, Chen Q, Gou Y, Yuan X. Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and adolescent academic burnout in Wenchuan area during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1005176. [PMID: 36248552 PMCID: PMC9554300 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and academic burnout among adolescents in an ethnic minority area in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines the moderating role of core belief challenge on the association between PTG and academic burnout. This study surveyed 941 secondary school students in Wenchuan using the posttraumatic growth inventory, adolescent academic burnout inventory, core beliefs inventory, and a self-designed demographic questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) Five months after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the level of PTG among adolescents in the Wenchuan area was high and its prevalence was 32.3%. Among them, the dimension of perceived changes in self was the highest, and the PTG level of junior high school students was higher than that of high school students. The academic burnout level of adolescents, particularly emotional exhaustion, was also high. The academic burnout level of the high school students was higher than that of junior high school students. (2) There was a significant negative correlation between PTG and academic burnout among adolescents. (3) Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between PTG and academic burnout. PTG had a significant negative predictive effect on adolescents’ academic burnout only when the core belief challenge was above a moderate level. These results showed the uniqueness of PTG and psychological behavioral problems of adolescents in ethnic minority areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also emphasized the key role of core belief challenge in the process of PTG in reducing adolescents’ academic burnout. Based on these results, recommendations are provided to alleviate academic burnout among adolescents in Wenchuan against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. While providing full play to ethnic minority cultural characteristics to promote posttraumatic growth, guiding adolescents’ value reflection and cognitive reconstruction should be focused on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zeng
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushi Gou
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yuan
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojiao Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soljačić Vraneš H, Potkonjak AM, Vraneš H, Djaković I, Bogović A. Stress and anxiety in patients waiting for non-urgent gynaecological surgery post-earthquake exposure in Zagreb, during the COVID-19 pandemic. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3741-3742. [PMID: 35929955 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvojka Soljačić Vraneš
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Meyra Potkonjak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vraneš
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivka Djaković
- Clinic for Gynecology, Bethesda Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anamarija Bogović
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia Catholic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhen B, Yao B, Zhou X. How does parent-child communication affects posttraumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic? The mediating roles of self-compassion and disclosure. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:1-8. [PMID: 35301037 PMCID: PMC8920085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that family factors play an important role in adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Parent-child communication has attracted particular attention. However, it remains unclear whether parent-child communication affects PTSD and PTG via unique or shared underlying mechanisms. The study aim was to examine the effect of parent-child communication on PTSD and PTG via self-compassion and self-disclosure. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were administered to 683 adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Open parent-child communication was positively associated with PTG and negatively associated with PTSD via two 1-step indirect paths of self-compassion and self-disclosure, and by one 2-step indirect path of self-compassion to self-disclosure. Problematic parent-child communication was negatively associated with PTG and positively associated with PTSD via two 1-step indirect paths of self-compassion and self-disclosure. LIMITATIONS First, pandemics differ from other disasters, generalizing these findings to other traumatized populations must be cautious. Then, this was a cross-sectional study, so longitudinal effects could not be examined and causal relationships cannot be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Different types of parent-child communication have different influencing mechanisms on PTSD and PTG. Therefore, distinct intervention strategies are needed targeted to these two psychological reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhen
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; Department of Psychology, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 238076, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Using network analysis to explore the key bridge symptoms between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:173-179. [PMID: 35390697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous research has illustrated there is high-coexistence between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the aftermath of traumatic events, few studies have conceptualized the coexistence mechanism of the two psychological phenomena. Using the network analysis, this study aimed to identify the key bridge symptoms and compare sex differences between PTSD symptoms and PTG elements in survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. A total of 744 survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China completed self-reported questionnaires on demographics, PTSD symptoms (4-item of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist), and PTG (10-item of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory). Network analysis was used to identify the network structure of PTSD symptoms and elements of PTG, along with bridge symptoms. Additionally, sex differences in the network structure were compared by the Network Comparison Test. Results revealed that the network of PTSD symptoms and elements of PTG was robust to stability and accuracy tests. The key bridge symptoms in the network were "Stronger religious faith", "Changed priorities", and "Easily startled". There were significant differences in network global strength across sex, and network structure across the severity of property loss other than house damage. Future interventions targeting the three key bridge symptoms are expected to relieve the severity of PTSD and promote growth following exposure to traumatic events.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai B, Zhang X, Meng G, Zheng Y, Hu K, Li Q, Liu X. The mechanism of governments' and individuals' influence on protective behaviours during the second wave of COVID-19: a multiple mediation model. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:1-12. [PMID: 36340006 PMCID: PMC9635460 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2135196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread and resurge globally with signs of a second wave, despite actions by governments to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence-based strategies to combat COVID-19 recurrence are poorly documented. Objective: To reveal how governments and individuals should act to effectively cope with future waves, this study proposed a preventive model of COVID-19 resurgence. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,137 residents of Beijing, where the epidemic reoccurred. Structural equation model was used to explore the mechanism among government intervention, perceived efficacy, positive emotions, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and protective behaviours. Results: Data analysis revealed that during COVID-19 resurgence, government intervention could directly and indirectly influence protective behaviours through individual factors (i.e. perceived efficacy, positive emotions), and PTG could mediate the indirect pathway to protective behaviours. Conclusions: These findings implied that government intervention needs to be integrated with individual factors to effectively control repeated COVID-19 outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangteng Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, Lake Superior State University, Sault St. Marie, MI, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iwasa H, Nakayama C, Moriyama N, Orui M, Yasumura S. Posttraumatic Growth after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Examination of Free Descriptions among Fukushima Residents Who Lived in the Evacuation Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:192. [PMID: 35010450 PMCID: PMC8750674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the differences in the posttraumatic growth (PTG) free descriptions from clusters of Fukushima residents (evacuation and non-evacuation zones) who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the relationship between "recovery from radiation anxiety" and the PTG-free description classification in these regions. A mail survey was conducted in August 2016 among Fukushima residents aged 20-79 years for free descriptions of their PTG. Participants were then divided into the "no anxiety," "recovered from anxiety," and "unrecovered from anxiety" groups based on their "recovery from radiation anxiety." Data from 786 responses were analyzed. The PTG-free descriptions were classified into eight categories. Among those who lived in the evacuation zone versus those in the non-evacuation zone, "relating to others" (non-evacuation zone: 11.9% vs. evacuation zone: 18.4%) and "appreciation of life" (non-evacuation zone: 2.7% vs. evacuation zone: 9.8%) were significantly higher, and "increased awareness of disaster prevention" (non-evacuation zone: 20.4% vs. evacuation zone: 8.0%) was significantly lower. In the evacuation zone, "renewed recognition of nuclear issues" was significantly lower than the expected value in the no anxiety group (3.1%) and significantly higher than the expected value in the recovered group (22.9%). Further studies are needed to build support measures and potentially aid in preparing for future disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwasa
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (C.N.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Chihiro Nakayama
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (C.N.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Nobuaki Moriyama
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (C.N.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Masatsugu Orui
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (C.N.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.Y.)
- Sendai City Mental Health and Welfare Center, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (C.N.); (N.M.); (M.O.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manove EE, Poon CYS, Rhodes JE, Lowe SR. Changes in Psychosocial Resources as Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth: A Longitudinal Study of Low-Income, Female Hurricane Katrina Survivors. TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 27:346-353. [PMID: 35356133 PMCID: PMC8962964 DOI: 10.1037/trm0000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how well the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) corresponds with self-reported pre- to posttrauma changes in related constructs, including sense of purpose in life, religiosity, and social support. Participants were 328 low-income mothers (85.2% non-Hispanic Black) who survived Hurricane Katrina and completed surveys approximately 1 year predisaster (Time 1), 4 years postdisaster (Time 2), and 12 years postdisaster (Time 3). PTG was assessed at Time 2 and Time 3, and related constructs were assessed at all waves. Pre- to postdisaster changes in the following related constructs were significantly associated with the corresponding PTGI subscales: purpose in life with Relating to Others, Personal Strength, and New Possibilities; religiosity with Spiritual Change; and perceived social support with Relating to Others. The results demonstrate a link between a number of self-reported pre- to posttrauma psychological changes measured over time and the PTGI. Replication of these results using measures more closely aligned to the PTGI subscales, among more representative samples and in the aftermath of other traumatic events, is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Manove
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | | | - Jean E. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Sarah R. Lowe
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chi XL, Huang QM, Liu XF, Huang LY, Hu MJ, Chen ZJ, Jiao C, Stubbs B, Hossain MM, Zou LY. Self-compassion and resilience mediate the relationship between childhood exposure to domestic violence and posttraumatic growth/stress disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1106-1115. [PMID: 34888177 PMCID: PMC8613750 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a common/different underlying mechanism.
AIM To explore the common/different underlying mechanism of PTG and PTSD.
METHODS Between February 12 and 17, 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China among 2038 university students, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data included demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, and subjective social economic status, and childhood exposure to domestic violence scale that was selected from the Chinese version of revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Question, Self-compassion Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Abbreviated PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.
RESULTS Exposure to domestic violence was significantly associated with PTG and PTSD via a 1-step indirect path of self-compassion (PTG: β = -0.023, 95%CI: -0.44 to -0.007; PTSD: β = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.014) and via a 2-step indirect path from self-compassion to resilience (PTG: β = -0.008, 95%CI: -0.018 to -0.002; PTSD: β = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.004-0.024). However, resilience did not mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and PTG and PTSD.
CONCLUSION PTG and PTSD are common results of childhood exposure to domestic violence, which may be influenced by self-compassion and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Chi
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiao-Min Huang
- Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan 528041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Longhua No. 2 Experimental School Affiliated Hongchuang Kindergarten, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liu-Yue Huang
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng-Jian Hu
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Chen
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Can Jiao
- Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - M Mahbub Hossain
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX 77843, United States
| | - Li-Ye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koliouli F, Canellopoulos L. Dispositional optimism, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth in Greek general population facing the COVID-19 crisis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021; 5:100209. [PMID: 38620896 PMCID: PMC7881700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore psychological and mental health implications of social distancing and lockdown, in Greece in order to gain a better understanding of the COVID-19 crisis. For the purposes of this article, quantitative measures are used: the Greek versions of "Life Orientation Scale-Revised" (LOT-R) (Lyrakos, Damigos, Mavreas, Georgia, & Dimoliatis, 2010) to investigate the presence of dispositional optimism tendencies, "Impact of Event scale" (Mystakidou, Tsilika, Parpa, Galanos, & Vlahos, 2007) to assess the traumatic evaluation of the current events, "Perceived Stress Scale" (Andreou et al., 2011) to measure the stress levels amongst population, and "Posttraumatic Growth Inventory" (Mystakidou, Tsilika, Parpa, Galanos, & Vlahos, 2008) to examine positive aspects of the situation, are used. Questionnaires were distributed online a month after social distancing measures and three weeks following lockdown. The survey is addressed to general adult population and data collection lasted until the end of curfew (May 4th 2020). Hundred and sixty-seven (N = 167) participants completed the survey. Main results show that women obtain higher scores than men on the Impact Event Scale and they identify social distancing and curfew as traumatic events. However, men exhibit higher levels of Posttraumatic growth comparing to women, as to subscales "life appreciation" and "spirituality". Stress and posttraumatic stress are highly correlated to PTG and enable its development in the context of COVID-19. Implications for research and practice will be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Koliouli
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Subjectivity and Social Bond, Psychology Department, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Lissy Canellopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Subjectivity and Social Bond, Psychology Department, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Şenyüz S, Ergün D, Çakıcı E. The Effect of Traumatic Loss on Posttraumatic Growth Among 2011 Van Earthquake Survivors: The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021; 22:79-84. [PMID: 36425934 PMCID: PMC9590632 DOI: 10.5455/apd.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic growth (PTG), defined as a positive change after a traumatic event, has become the subject of various studies, and its relationship with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) has been extensively investigated. However, studies have indicated differences in the relationship between PTG and PTSS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of PTSS in the relationship between the number of traumatic losses and PTG among the 2011 Van earthquake survivors. METHODS The sample of this study consisted of 917 participants who experienced the 2011 Van earthquake. A personal information form, impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), and posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) were used as data collection tools. RESULTS Survivors with traumatic loss were found to have higher PTSS and PTG than survivors without traumatic loss. The mean scores of the PTGI subscales were higher among survivors with traumatic loss except for changes in self-perception. A positive correlation was found between IES-R and PTGI total scores. In the regression analysis, it was found that PTSS played a mediating role in the relationship between the number of traumatic losses and PTG. CONCLUSION This study revealed that PTG is possible with the presence of PTSS. Mental health professionals assisting survivors with traumatic loss should take the enhancement of PTG into consideration in addition to their efforts to reduce PTSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Şenyüz
- Department of Psychology, Near East University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nicosia, TRNC
| | - Deniz Ergün
- Department of Psychology, Near East University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nicosia, TRNC
| | - Ebru Çakıcı
- Department of Psychology, Near East University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nicosia, TRNC
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Allen N, Hevey D, Carton S, O'Keeffe F. Life is about "constant evolution": the experience of living with an acquired brain injury in individuals who report higher or lower posttraumatic growth. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:3479-3492. [PMID: 33459069 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1867654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experience of living with an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in individuals who report higher or lower posttraumatic growth (PTG). METHOD A multi-method design was employed. Participant scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to identify groups for qualitative comparative analysis. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen individuals with ABI. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Four themes emerged. The first two themes: "In my mind I was fine" surviving in aftermath of acquiring a brain injury and The everyday as "derailing" capture the transition process from an initial rehabilitation state characterised by neuropsychological and avoidance coping, towards active rebuilding for PTG. Internal building blocks for PTG and Growing in the social world: "you need to have that social connection" elaborate on the internal (e.g., acceptance, integration of the pre and post-injury self) and external (e.g., social relationships) factors seen to facilitate or obstruct PTG. CONCLUSIONS Under certain conditions, individuals living with ABI may construe positive growth from their experiences. Practitioners can support PTG development by providing individual and family-based supports aimed at increasing acceptance, the integration of self, and social connection throughout all stages of ABI rehabilitation.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONInternal factors such as having a flexible and positive mindset and external factors such as one's social environment can affect how individuals living with an ABI construe positive growth.Individuals with ABI and their families require access to individualised longitudinal support for neuropsychological and social challenges that can result in increased distress and obstruct the development of PTG.Efforts to facilitate acceptance and support the integration of the pre and post-injury self through recognition of continuity of self and processing of new schematic beliefs can benefit PTG development.Rehabilitation providers should support individuals with ABI to develop or maintain a positive social identity within new or existing social groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Allen
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Hevey
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Carton
- National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yazici H, Ozdemir M, Koca F. Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Posttraumatic Growth. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1801240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Yazici
- Fatih Faculty of Education, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Munevver Ozdemir
- Fatih Faculty of Education, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fatih Koca
- Fatih Faculty of Education, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The role of emotion regulation as a mediator between early life stress and posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in Syrian refugees. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:371. [PMID: 33139699 PMCID: PMC7606478 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is an important factor in later psychopathology, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of early life stress on psychiatric symptoms within a sample of Syrian refugees. In this model, the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was assessed as a potential mediator of the relationship between early life stress and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Bootstrap analyses were generated to test the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) on the relationship between early life stress (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms in eighty-nine Syrian refugees resided in Germany (n = 49) and Jordan (n = 40). The indirect effect of maladaptive strategies was significant between early life stress and psychopathology, whereas the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was not significant. The findings provide an evidence that emotional dysregulation is an underlying factor affecting psychological symptoms in refugees with adverse childhood experiences. These results suggest targeting cognitive emotion regulation in prospective prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang W, Cui K, Sim T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma X. Health-related quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder in inpatients injured in the Ludian earthquake: a longitudinal study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:229. [PMID: 32664966 PMCID: PMC7362470 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in inpatients injured in the Ludian earthquake and examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following the earthquake. Methods Three assessments were performed during an 18-month follow-up period. In total, one-hundred forty-seven inpatients of one-hundred seventy-four inpatients (85% of the initial sample) underwent all the assessments. Injured inpatients admitted to the No. 1 People’s Hospital of Zhaotong City after a severe earthquake (6.5 on the Richter scale) were enrolled in the study and assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Scale. Results At the first, third and eighteenth months after the earthquake, the prevalence rates for PTSD were 23, 14, and 7%, respectively. In a regression model, bereavement, history of major diseases, and severe injury in the earthquake were associated with severe PTSD symptoms. HRQoL was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Compared to that of Chinese norms, participants’ HRQoL was significantly lower in all eight HRQoL domains of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Scale. Conclusions The findings suggest that a substantial proportion of inpatients injured in the earthquake experienced severe PTSD symptoms and poor HRQoL. Therefore, early preventive programs and interventions should be implemented following disasters, to reduce PTSD and improve HRQoL in injured individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Yang
- The Mental Health Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Cui
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy Sim
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Böge K, Karnouk C, Hahn E, Demir Z, Bajbouj M. On Perceived Stress and Social Support: Depressive, Anxiety and Trauma-Related Symptoms in Arabic-Speaking Refugees in Jordan and Germany. Front Public Health 2020; 8:239. [PMID: 32695739 PMCID: PMC7338673 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current literature points toward several challenges in the access to sufficient and effective psychosocial care for Syrian refugees in host settings. This study is a comparative investigation into the relationship between "perceived social stress" and "perceived social support" on three of the most prevalent symptom dimensions in Syrian refugees across two host capitals, Berlin and Amman. Eighty nine Syrians refugees were recruited between January 2017 and March 2018. Participants were contacted through local institutions and organizations collaborating with the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Assessments include the PHQ-9, GAD-7, HTQ, MSPSS, and PSS. Primary analyses consist of non- or parametric tests and multiple linear regression analyses. Subsample analyses showed relevant depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Significant differences in PTSD symptoms (p < 0.04) were found. Participants reported high perceived stress and moderate to high social support. Linear regressions revealed that perceived stress had a significant negative effect (p < 0.01) on clinical outcomes in both subsamples. Perceived social support had a positive influence on depressive (p = 0.02) and PTSD symptoms (p = 0.04) for participants in Berlin. Analyses revealed significant positive effects of "significant others" (p = 0.05) on depressive- in Berlin and "family" (p = 0.03) support for PTSD symptoms in Amman. Study results show that levels of "perceived stress" appear to be the same across different host countries, whereas types of social support and their effect on mental health differ significantly depending on the host setting. Outcomes may guide future comparative study designs and investigations to promote well-being, integration, and the development of effective social support structures for the diverse needs of Arabic-speaking refugees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Malek Bajbouj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Liang Y, Tong H, Liu Z. Patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among women after an earthquake: A latent profile analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:101834. [PMID: 31648926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that women are more vulnerable than men to mental health problems following disasters. However, the patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among women are unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the profiles of PTSD and PTG among women after an earthquake and determine the predictors of profile membership. A total of 1487 women (Mage = 40.66 years, SD = 10.39) completed questionnaires assessing PTSD, PTG, trauma exposure during an earthquake, trauma history, and demographic information. A three-step latent profile analysis was used. Five profiles were identified: mild PTSD/mild PTG (12.4% of the sample), moderate PTSD/moderate PTG (39.4%), high PTSD/moderate PTG (9.6%), mild PTSD/high PTG (17.5%) and high PTSD/high PTG (21.1%). Women who were older, had been injured, or felt horrible and those whose houses were severely damaged in the earthquake were more likely to be in profiles characterized by higher levels of PTSD and PTG, whereas women with lower education levels were more likely to be in profiles characterized by higher levels of PTSD but lower levels of PTG. The results of this study provide a foundation for providing psychological assistance for particular groups of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiqi Tong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shigemoto Y, Banks A, Boxley B. Gender differences in the interaction effect of community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help on posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:693-708. [PMID: 31765049 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the gender differences in the interaction effect of community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help in predicting posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth for female and male survivors of Hurricane Harvey. Participants were 413 adults who reported directly experiencing Hurricane Harvey, which made landfall on August 26, 2017. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants approximately 16 months after the hurricane via an online survey. Among men, significant interaction effects of community resources and attitudes toward seeking help on posttraumatic stress, depression, and posttraumatic growth were found even after statistically controlling for age, educational attainment, income, marital status, and racial minority status. Among women, no interaction effects were found. Women with open attitudes toward seeking psychological treatment experienced higher posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth, and higher resources were positively associated with growth. The current study raises important implications on gender differences on community resources and attitudes toward seeking professional help after a hurricane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shigemoto
- Department of Psychology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| | - Amanda Banks
- Department of Psychology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| | - Bridgett Boxley
- Department of Psychology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian Y, Chen J, Wu X. Parental attachment, coping, and psychological adjustment among adolescents following an earthquake: a longitudinal study. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 33:429-439. [PMID: 32223434 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1746769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: The study aim was to examine the predictive effect of parental attachment on positive psychological outcomes (posttraumatic growth, PTG) and negative psychological outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms), and to test the mediating role of positive and negative coping in the relationship among adolescents following an earthquake in China. Design: The study used a longitudinal design with a 6-month time interval. Method: Data was collected from middle schools in the most severely affected areas at 18 and 24 months following an earthquake. Data were analyzed from 398 adolescents who completed self-report measures of parental attachment, coping, PTSD, depression, and PTG. Path analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among the main study variables. Results: Secure parental attachment predicted lower PTSD and depression symptoms at 24-months follow-up, and negative coping partly mediated the effects of parental attachment on PTSD and depression. No significant association was observed between parental attachment and PTG. Conclusions: The findings indicate that secure parental attachment had a protective effect for adolescents after the disaster. Such attachment may reduce the use of negative coping and in turn decrease psychological distress over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Chen
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Seo H, Lee O. Mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder in post-traumatic growth in adults who experienced the 2017 Pohang earthquake. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:246-251. [PMID: 31818784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The largest earthquake recorded in Korea occurred in Pohang in 2017. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the relationship between earthquake exposure level and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in adults who experienced the earthquake. METHODS We used a cross-sectional survey via convenience sampling to collect data from 200 respondents 18 months after the earthquake. RESULTS PTSD was severe in individuals who were married, had no religious affiliation, lower income, and higher earthquake exposure. PTG was higher in older, married, and more religious respondents. PTSD and PTG had a positive relationship, with PTSD fully mediating the relationship between earthquake exposure level and PTG. LIMITATIONS The Pohang earthquake, with limited damage to life and property, may have had different effects on exposed individuals than more destructive earthquakes. Additionally, this study used the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory; most of the participants reporting a religious affiliation were Christians, which may have affected the results. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to the Pohang earthquake was strongly associated with PTSD, which indirectly affected PTG. Future research should focus on developing an adequate PTG tool for natural disaster victims, more extensively investigating PTSD and PTG, and analyzing PTSD and PTG in terms of the disaster type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Seo
- Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, 05505 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ogcheol Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Posttraumatic Growth in Tibetan Adolescent Survivors 6 Years After the 2010 Yushu Earthquake: Depression and PTSD as Predictors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:94-103. [PMID: 31346915 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Tibetan adolescent survivors (98% Tibetan and 2% Han) 6 years after the 2010 Yushu earthquake to identify the PTG predictors. In 2016, 850 high school students (from 11 to 20 years) in Yushu (N = 850) completed the self-rating depression scale, the PTSD Check List-Civilian version, the exposure degree scale, and the posttraumatic growth inventory. It was found that the PTG and probable PTSD prevalence rates were 49.7% and 8.9% 6 years after the earthquake, and that exposure level, depression level, and PTSD symptoms were all significant negative predictors for PTG in both the junior high school and senior high school students. Specifically, having a lower degree of exposure, a lower PTSD level, and no depression symptoms were associated with higher PTG. There was a significant PTG difference found between males and females; however, this gender difference was not found in the senior high school students. No significant PTG differences were found for the different ethnicities. The implications of the results and the limitations of this study are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun X, Li X, Huang J, An Y. Prevalence and predictors of PTSD, depression and posttraumatic growth among Chinese firefighters. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:14-18. [PMID: 32035583 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the psychological state of firefighters and to provide suggestions for working with firefighters in order to improve their mental health for the long term. METHODS A questionnaire packet on depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) was given to firefighters studying in a firefighter school of Nanjing to complete. A total of 409 valid questionnaires were retrieved. RESULTS (1) The prevalence of depression, PTSD, and PTG were 27.94%, 4.89% and 59.41% respectively. (2) Firefighters whose major were Information Communication and Equipment Safety reported higher levels of depression and PTSD compared to firefighters in other majors [F (3, 386) = 5.43, p < 0.001; F (3, 386) = 4.57, p < 0.01]. (3) There was no significant difference in PTG scores regardless of the majors and the length of military service of firefighters [F (3, 386) = 0.52, p > 0.05; F (3, 386) = 0.29, p > 0.05]. CONCLUSION Firefighters did have a certain level of mental stress in their lives, and the mental stress levels were significantly different among firefighters with different majors and length of military service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Sun
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 West Lincoln Highway, DeKalb 60115, IL, USA.
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chi X, Becker B, Yu Q, Willeit P, Jiao C, Huang L, Hossain MM, Grabovac I, Yeung A, Lin J, Veronese N, Wang J, Zhou X, Doig SR, Liu X, Carvalho AF, Yang L, Xiao T, Zou L, Fusar-Poli P, Solmi M. Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 32848958 PMCID: PMC7427603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHOD Chinese nation-wide on-line cross-sectional survey on university students, collected between February 12th and 17th, 2020. Primary outcome was prevalence of clinically-relevant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Secondary outcomes on poor mental health included prevalence of clinically-relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms, while posttraumatic growth was considered as indicator of effective coping reaction. RESULTS Of 2,500 invited Chinese university students, 2,038 completed the survey. Prevalence of clinically-relevant PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and post traumatic growth (PTG) was 30.8, 15.5, 23.3, and 66.9% respectively. Older age, knowing people who had been isolated, more ACEs, higher level of anxious attachment, and lower level of resilience all predicted primary outcome (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of young adults exhibit clinically relevant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxious or depressive symptoms, but a larger portion of individuals showed to effectively cope with COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting resilience should be provided, even remotely, to those subjects with specific risk factors to develop poor mental health during COVID-19 or other pandemics with social isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Can Jiao
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Albert Yeung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS 3 (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria) "Serenissima", Dolo-Mirano District, Venice, Italy
| | - Jian Wang
- Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Scott R Doig
- Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tao Xiao
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Long-Term Health Consequences Among Wenchuan Earthquake Adult Survivors: Implications of a Framework for Postearthquake Reconstruction. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:884-892. [PMID: 31503179 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal health consequences of the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on descriptive analyses of national-level data and multivariate analyses on a six-wave repeated cross-sectional survey, the findings suggested that after 8 years health risks remained high among earthquake-affected survivors; however, a process of recovery existed. To conceptualize these findings, in this study, we proposed a three-stage recovery model in which the postdisaster health status was divided into three stages: acute, stagnant, and adaptive. At each stage, the health risk varied, and over time, associations between health outcomes and protective factors varied. The three-stage recovery model identified the trends of long-term health consequences among adult earthquake survivors and provided guidance for postdisaster reconstruction in China on the basis of protective factors analyses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies,Psychology Department,Middlesex University,London,UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies,Psychology Department,Middlesex University,London,UK
| | - Antonia Bifulco
- Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies,Psychology Department,Middlesex University,London,UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Negative life events and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: a moderated mediation model of only-child status and depressive symptoms. Public Health 2019; 172:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
Iwasa H, Moriyama N, Kuroda Y, Nakayama C, Orui M, Horiuchi T, Nakayama T, Sugita M, Yasumura S. Recovery from radiation anxiety and posttraumatic growth among community dwellers after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1602970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwasa
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Moriyama
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kuroda
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakayama
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Orui
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teruko Horiuchi
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Prevalence of PTSD Symptoms and Depressive Symptoms and Related Predictors in Children and Adolescents 3 Years After the Ya'an Earthquake. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:300-307. [PMID: 30302576 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depressive symptoms in teenage survivors three years after the Ya'an earthquake to assess the differences between left-behind (LBC) and non-left-behind (non-LBC) children, and to explore predictors for PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms. The participants were assessed using children's revised impact of event scale (CRIES) and short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ), after which t tests, Chi square tests, and a multivariate logistic regression were conducted to examine the differences in the LBC and identify the associated predictors. It was found that the PTSD and depressive symptom prevalences were 13.10% and 20.75%, with the LBC having a significantly higher prevalence than the non-LBC. The PTSD and depression symptoms tended to be highly comorbid (r = .52, p < .001). Being female, being aged less than 15, having siblings, being an LBC, and having higher exposure were found to be associated with PTSD and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ochoa Arnedo C, Sánchez N, Sumalla EC, Casellas-Grau A. Stress and Growth in Cancer: Mechanisms and Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Facilitate a Constructive Balance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30778323 PMCID: PMC6369350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress and growth are common responses to adverse life events such as cancer. In this article, we establish how cancer becomes a "fertile land" for the emergence of stress and growth responses and analyze the main mechanisms involved. Stress-growth responses on adjusting to cancer is potentially determined by factors like the phase of the illness (e.g., initial phases vs. period of survivorship), patient's coping strategies, meaning-making, and relationships with significant others. We also review the mechanisms of constructive and adaptative stress-growth balances in cancer to study the predictors, interrelated associations, triggering mechanisms, long-term results, and specific trajectories of these two responses to cancer. Finally, we update the evidence on the role of these stress-growth associations in psychologically adjusting to cancer. Together with this evidence, we summarize preliminary results regarding the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to facilitate a constructive psychological balance between stress and growth in cancer patients. Recommendations for future research and gaps in knowledge on stress-growth processes in this illness are also highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to design and use psychotherapeutic interventions according to the dynamic and changeable patients' sources of stress and growth along the illness. Relevant insights are proposed to understand the inconsistency of stress-growth literature and to promote psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate a constructive balance between these key responses in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ochoa Arnedo
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enric C Sumalla
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Casellas-Grau
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Manove EE, Lowe SR, Bonumwezi J, Preston J, Waters MC, Rhodes JE. Posttraumatic growth in low-income Black mothers who survived Hurricane Katrina. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2019; 89:144-158. [PMID: 30676050 PMCID: PMC6666311 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study aimed to gain knowledge of the lived experience of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 32 low-income Black mothers whose New Orleans' homes were damaged or destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, and half of whom had relocated indefinitely to Houston. Data from in-depth interviews with participants were examined in conjunction with quantitative scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). Participants were interviewed face-to-face on a range of postdisaster experiences, including positive changes, in 2009. Participants also completed the PTGI via a telephone survey within six months of being interviewed. Most (26 out of 32) participants described experiencing PTG within the 5 domains of the PTGI, with the domains most frequently coded, in descending order, being New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Appreciation for Life, and Spiritual Change. PTG stemmed heavily from exposure to opportunities in survivors' postdisaster communities, including increased racial diversity, improved neighborhoods, and new educational and economic opportunities. Participants' frequency of all PTG codes was associated with their overall PTGI scores with a small-to-moderate effect size (r = .32; p = .078) in a relationship that trended toward significance. Without minimizing the catastrophic losses they entail, disasters may in some cases create spaces for PTG for survivors, including through new opportunities in areas where survivors formerly experienced oppression. Policymakers should examine how to make such opportunities available, visible and accessible to individuals absent a disaster. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Manove
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance/ Harvard Medical School, Harvard University
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University
| | | | - Justin Preston
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | | | - Jean E Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu X, Kaminga AC, Dai W, Deng J, Wang Z, Pan X, Liu A. The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:408-415. [PMID: 30268956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is positive psychological changes after encountering challenging events. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence of moderate-to-high PTG in people who experienced traumatic events and to understand what social-demographic and trauma characteristics distinguish those who show a high rate of PTG from those of low level. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched. Loney's appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Freeman-Turkey double arcsine transformation method was used to calculate the combined prevalence. Age, time since event, type of trauma and trauma form were analyzed as subgroup factors. According to the source of the trauma, the type of trauma was divided into three different categories: disease, accident and specific profession. Specific profession refers to firefighters, veterans, intensive care staff, etc. The complex working environment, irregular lifestyle, various unpredictable factors, as well as the frequently adverse stimuli from others contribute to great physical and mental pressure. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were deemed as qualified for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The level of PTG across studies ranged from 10% to 77.3%, and heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.3%, 95%CI = 90.1%-94.0%, p < 0.01). Random effect model was chosen to calculate the combined prevalence and the prevalence was 52.58% (95%CI = 48.66%-56.48%). People whose age was younger than 60,had shorter time since trauma,worked in a specific profession and suffered from direct trauma reported high rate of moderate-to-high PTG. LIMITATIONS Because the included studies haven't provided adequate PTG-related information, these factors could not be used to performed subgroup analyses. In addition, some studies were excluded due to the different standard may lead to deviation of the combined prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the investigated individuals reported moderate-to-high PTG after experiencing a traumatic event. Future research needs to further study the determinants of PTG to provide relevant interventions for the victims of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.; Department of Mathematics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liao J, Ma X, Gao B, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Li X. Psychological status of nursing survivors in China and its associated factors: 6 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2301-2311. [PMID: 31616146 PMCID: PMC6698778 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s203909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nursing survivors are often not only the victims but also the rescuers in a disaster. Severe natural disasters can cause them long-term psychological impact. This study aimed to investigate the psychological status of nursing survivors and its associated factors 6 years after the severe earthquake that occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, on May 12, 2008. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 597 nurses who survived the earthquake and took care of victims were recruited about 6 years after the disaster. They completed a self-report questionnaire assessing information about demographics, earthquake-related characteristics, psychological status, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth and resilience. RESULTS The mean score on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was (123.56±41.26). Of symptoms indicated by the SCL-90-R, obsessive-compulsive dimension had the highest score (1.62±0.62). The psychological status of nursing survivors differed with the title, monthly per capita household income, financial loss, health status, residential satisfaction, and satisfaction with leaders and colleagues. Severe financial loss and poor health status were significant factors of psychological distress. In addition, psychological status was negatively related to posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth, and positively related to resilience. CONCLUSION Nursing survivors had a relatively normal level of psychological status 6 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. However, psychological symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive patterns still remained. Interventions focusing on the improvement of financial subsidies and physical health may be particularly useful in reducing psychological problems after the disaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Liao
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,School of Nursing, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Nursing, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Dujiangyan 611830, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Mianzhu City, Deyang 618200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Wenchuan People's Hospital, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 623000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Dujiangyan Second People's Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Taku K, Prioleau PG, Anderson DS, Takeguchi Y, Sekine H, Maeda M, Yabe H, Yanagisawa RT, Katz CL. Medical Student Reactions to Disaster after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: Motivation and Posttraumatic Growth. Psychiatr Q 2018; 89:1007-1018. [PMID: 30145770 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical students often become involved as post-disaster emergency responders despite incomplete training, and in doing so may suppress their immediate experiences as victims and survivors. This experience, however, may lead them to increase their motivation to help others. We examined how cognitive and emotional reactions to disaster correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) in medical students in Fukushima, Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. To date, Fukushima continues to suffer from radiation concerns following the nuclear power plant meltdown. In a survey three years after the onset of a long-term disaster, with a cross-sectional research design, medical students (N = 494) reported their negative post-disaster reactions, desire to help, and demonstrations of capability, and completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). We conducted hierarchical regression analyses and found that the addition of variables pertaining to negative post-disaster reactions (e.g. confusion, anger, and sadness) led to the largest increase in predictive value for PTGI scores; students reporting a past traumatic experience were also more likely to experience PTG. Our results indicate that weathering stressful disaster circumstances created opportunities for positive personal growth and reinforcement at a crucial time in medical students' professional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Taku
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 654 Pioneer Drive, 123 Pryale Hall, Rochester, MI, 48309-4401, USA.
| | - Phoebe G Prioleau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David S Anderson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yuzo Takeguchi
- School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideharu Sekine
- International Exchange Affairs, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Robert T Yanagisawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Craig L Katz
- Medical Education, and Systems Design and Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box, New York, NY, 1257, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu J, Wang Y, Tang W. Posttraumatic stress disorder in Longmenshan adolescents at three years after the 2013 Lushan earthquake. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 54:45-51. [PMID: 29861052 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adolescent survivors of the 2013 Lushan earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Longmenshan thrust fault area at three years after the 2013 earthquake in Lushan, China. Most respondents (60.8%) had also been exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Probable PTSD was identified based on the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and Earthquake Experience Scale. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of probable PTSD. RESULTS Probable PTSD prevalence was 14.1% among all respondents (n = 3851), 15.9% among those who had been exposed to the 2008 and 2013 earthquakes (n = 2342) and 11.3% among those who had experienced only the 2013 earthquake (n = 1509). Earthquake-related factors most strongly associated with probable PTSD were feeling scared of dying and exposure to the Wenchuan earthquake. The negative life event most strongly associated with probable PTSD was academic stress. CONCLUSION Among survivors of the 2013 Lushan earthquake, risk of probable PTSD was significantly higher if the person had also been exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake. Researchers and health care workers should pay more attention to adolescent earthquake survivors, especially those who experienced both the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes. Providing psychological care and preventing negative events may be effective measures for reducing PTSD after an earthquake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
An Y, Yuan G, Zhang N, Xu W, Liu Z, Zhou F. Longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Yancheng tornado in China. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:334-340. [PMID: 29622275 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms and facilitation of posttraumatic growth are two encouraging areas of research, yet little is understood about the relationships between trait mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and posttraumatic growth. Previous work suggests the linkages among these variables, but most studies have been conducted in adult samples. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and posttraumatic growth among adolescent survivors of the 2016 Jiangsu tornado in China. Data was collected at two secondary schools located in Yancheng city, where the severe catastrophic damage occurred during the tornado. The sample included 247 adolescent survivors (59.5% girls) aged 12-14 years who were directly affected by the tornado. Participants self-reported their trait mindfulness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and posttraumatic growth at two time points: 6-month (T1) and 9-month post-tornado (T2; attrition rate 17.4%). Cross-lagged structural equation modelling analyses were conducted. Results showed that posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 significantly predicted reduced trait mindfulness at T2 but not posttraumatic growth; trait mindfulness at T1 did not significantly predict posttraumatic stress symptoms nor posttraumatic growth at T2; and posttraumatic growth at T1 did not predict trait mindfulness nor posttraumatic stress symptoms at T2. These findings suggested that posttraumatic stress symptoms may negatively influence the development of trait mindfulness in disaster-affected adolescents in China, and that posttraumatic growth may have unique implications for this young population which was not associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms or trait mindfulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guangzhe Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota -Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Funing Country Banhu Junior Middle School, Yancheng, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lau JTF, Wu X, Wu AMS, Wang Z, Mo PKH. Relationships Between Illness Perception and Post-traumatic Growth Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Who have Sex with Men in China. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1885-1898. [PMID: 28852886 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (NHMSM) are at high risk of mental health problems but may also develop post-traumatic growth (PTG). According to the Common Sense Model, illness perception (including both cognitive representation and emotional representation) affects coping and health-related outcomes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the associations between illness perception and PTG among 225 NHMSM in Chengdu, China. Linear regression analyses indicated that the constructs of emotional representation subscale (β = -0.49) and five cognitive representation subscales (timeline, consequence, identity, attribution to god's punishment/will, and attribution to chance/luck) (β = -0.13 to -0.37) were negative correlates of PTG, while four other constructs of cognitive representation (coherence, treatment control, personal control, and attribution to carelessness) were positive correlates (β = 0.15 to 0.51). No moderating effects were observed. The associations between five cognitive representation subscales and PTG were fully-mediated via emotional representation. The results indicate that interventions promoting PTG among NHMSM are warranted and should alter illness perception, emotional representation in particular. Future studies should clarify relationships between cognitive representation and emotional representation, and extend similar research to other health-related outcomes and HIV-positive populations.
Collapse
|
45
|
Acquaye HE, Sivo SA, Jones KD. Religious Commitment's Moderating Effect on Refugee Trauma and Growth. COUNSELING AND VALUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cvj.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Acquaye
- Department of Child, Family, and Community Sciences; University of Central Florida
- Now at Department of Counseling, Western Seminary
| | - Stephen A. Sivo
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences; University of Central Florida
| | - K. Dayle Jones
- Department of Child, Family, and Community Sciences; University of Central Florida
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress in adolescents eight years after the Wenchuan earthquake. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:262-269. [PMID: 29475105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, an 8.0 Richter scale earthquake devastated Wenchuan in China, which resulted in heavy casualties, and had wide-reaching psychological effects on survivors. To examine its impact on the survivors, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in adolescents eight years after the earthquake. The cross-section survey was conducted in two different earthquake-affected areas, and data were collected from 4118 respondents. Instruments included the questionnaire on demographic information, the questionnaire on seismic exposure, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). During the survey, there were 1998 valid questionnaires from the generally affected area and 2120 questionnaires from the severely affected area. The rate of PTSD is 1.9% in the generally affected area and 2.7% in the severely affected disaster area; there is no significant difference between the two differently affected areas. Occurrences of PTSD and PTG are significantly positively correlated in the generally affected area, nevertheless, there is a significant negative correlation between PTSD and PTG in most systems of the severely affected area. The results of this study help to expand our knowledge regarding posttraumatic stress in adolescents 8 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and it provides suggestions for specific long-term health interventions in such populations. To prevent earthquake-related psychological issues among adolescent survivors, social support, psychological aid, and improvement of the living environment are necessary to buffer negative posttraumatic stress.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yuan G, Xu W, Liu Z, An Y. Resilience, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Growth in Chinese Adolescents After a Tornado: The Role of Mediation Through Perceived Social Support. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206:130-135. [PMID: 29293166 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that resilience is associated with lower severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and more posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people who have experienced traumatic events. The present study investigated the ways in which resilience is related to PTSD symptoms and to PTG in Chinese traumatized adolescents by considering the role of perceived social support. A total of 247 Chinese adolescents who had experienced a severe tornado 3 months before this study were recruited for this study. The results showed that our model fitted the data very well (χ = 195.691; df = 96; χ/df = 2.038; root mean square error of approximation = 0.065; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.959; comparative fit index = 0.967) and reveal that perceived social support partially mediates the relationship between resilience, PTSD severity, and PTG. The clinical implications and limitations of our research and the recommendations for future research are discussed in this article.
Collapse
|
48
|
Jin Y, Sun C, Wang F, An J, Xu J. The relationship between PTSD, depression and negative life events: Ya'an earthquake three years later. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:358-363. [PMID: 29120843 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) is a common post-disaster psychological condition which research has shown to have comorbidity with depression. To explore the relationship between PTSD and depression further, a cross-sectional study design was adopted. Three years after the Ya'an earthquake, 4137 adolescents (mean age 15.12) who had personally experienced the earthquake were assessed. The study results showed that PTSD significantly predicted future depression, with the effect being partially mediated by the negative life events after the earthquake. Gender was not found to be a significant moderator between PTSD and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Jin
- College of Teacher Education and Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, No. 5 Jingan Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China.
| | - Cuicui Sun
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Hope College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610400, China.
| | - Junxiu An
- Chengdu University of Information Technology, No. 24 Block 1, Xuefu Road, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tsai J, Pietrzak RH. Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among US military veterans: a 4-year nationally representative, prospective cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:483-492. [PMID: 28846800 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the nature and determinants of predominant trajectories of posttraumatic growth (PTG) over time. METHOD Using data from a prospective, nationally representative survey of 2718 US veterans assessed in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we used latent growth mixture modeling to identify PTG trajectories, and to examine key determinants of PTG trajectories from a comprehensive set of sociodemographic, military, health, and psychosocial variables. RESULTS Three PTG trajectories were identified, labeled as Low and Decreasing PTG (74.0%), Consistently Moderate PTG (12.0%), and High and Increasing PTG (14.0%). Greater severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, specifically re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms, at baseline predicted Consistently Moderate and High and Increasing PTG trajectories. Compared to the Low and Decreasing PTG trajectory, the High and Increasing PTG trajectory scored higher on baseline measures of gratitude, purpose in life, Spirituality, and social support. CONCLUSION Posttraumatic growth is a dynamic process with divergent trajectories. Developing interventions that target certain psychosocial factors may help trauma survivors maintain PTG over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tsai
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, New England Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Children of Kathmandu 1 Year After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:486-492. [PMID: 28831950 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2015 earthquake in Nepal affected the country in terms of economy, and by causing damage and stress reactions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine individual child- and family-level predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Kathmandu district 15 months after the earthquake. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted to collect 800 earthquake-affected children aged 7-16 years and a face-to-face interview was conducted. Trauma exposure questionnaire and Child PTSD Symptoms Scale were used for assessment of the level of exposure and PTSD symptoms. Multilevel generalized linear regression analysis was used to explore individual and family-level predictors. RESULTS Among the children, 51% had moderate-to-severe PTSD symptoms. Children of school age (adjusted odds ratio=2.83 [1.45-5.49]), those attending lower-secondary school (2.26 [1.21-4.21]), those having a higher exposure to the severity of the earthquake, and those with low psychosocial acuity [1.70 (1.10-2.60)] were more likely to have more severe PTSD symptoms compared with those who were adolescents and in higher-secondary school, whereas children from a family living in an urban (0.33 [0.19-0.59]) setting and following Hindu religion (0.31 [0.16-0.60]) were less likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with children from suburban areas and those following Buddhist religion. CONCLUSION PTSD symptoms were prevalent among children of Nepal more than a year following the earthquake. Family-level indicators cannot be excluded when studying children's trauma reactions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:486-492).
Collapse
|