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Jović J, Ćorac A, Stanimirović A, Nikolić M, Stojanović M, Bukumirić Z, Ignjatović Ristić D. Using machine learning algorithms and techniques for defining the impact of affective temperament types, content search and activities on the internet on the development of problematic internet use in adolescents' population. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326178. [PMID: 38827621 PMCID: PMC11143794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background By using algorithms and Machine Learning - ML techniques, the aim of this research was to determine the impact of the following factors on the development of Problematic Internet Use (PIU): sociodemographic factors, the intensity of using the Internet, different contents accessed on the Internet by adolescents, adolescents' online activities, life habits and different affective temperament types. Methods Sample included 2,113 adolescents. The following instruments were used: questionnaire about: socio-demographic characteristics, intensity of the Internet use, content categories and online activities on the Internet; Facebook (FB) usage and life habits; The Internet Use Disorder Scale (IUDS). Based on their scores on the scale, subjects were divided into two groups - with or without PIU; Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego scale for adolescents (A-TEMPS-A). Results Various ML classification models on our data set were trained. Binary classification models were created (class-label attribute was PIU value). Models hyperparameters were optimized using grid search method and models were validated using k-fold cross-validation technique. Random forest was the model with the best overall results and the time spent on FB and the cyclothymic temperament were variables of highest importance for these model. We also applied the ML techniques Lasso and ElasticNet. The three most important variables for the development of PIU with both techniques were: cyclothymic temperament, the longer use of the Internet and the desire to use the Internet more than at present time. Group of variables having a protective effect (regarding the prevention of the development of PIU) was found with both techniques. The three most important were: achievement, search for contents related to art and culture and hyperthymic temperament. Next, 34 important variables that explain 0.76% of variance were detected using the genetic algorithms. Finally, the binary classification model (with or without PIU) with the best characteristics was trained using artificial neural network. Conclusion Variables related to the temporal determinants of Internet usage, cyclothymic temperament, the desire for increased Internet usage, anxious and irritable temperament, on line gaming, pornography, and some variables related to FB usage consistently appear as important variables for the development of PIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jović
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ćorac
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Mina Nikolić
- Computer Science, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Center for Control and Prevention of Communicable Diseases, Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ignjatović Ristić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac", Kragujevac, Serbia
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Nabizadehchianeh G, Kazemitabar M, Walker DI, Wind S. Psychometric properties of the short version of temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego—Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A): Persian version. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Yakın E, Bitar Z, Malaeb D, Sawma T, Obeid S, Hallit S. Validation of the Arabic version of the 35-item TEMPS-M in a community sample of adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 36709317 PMCID: PMC9883938 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no brief version of the Temperament Evaluation in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS-M) is available so far in the Arabic language, which might have resulted in limited research in this field from Arab countries. We aimed through this study to validate the 35-item TEMPS-M into the Arabic language in a sample of non-clinical Lebanese adults. METHODS We used an online cross-sectional survey targeting non-clinical Lebanese adults from the general population. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the factorial structure of the TEMPS-M. RESULTS All five temperament subscales achieved good/very good internal consistencies in the present study (depressive: α = 0.78, cyclothymic: α = 0.86, hyperthymic: α = 0.83, irritable: α = 0.87, and anxious: α = 0.87). The five-factor solution of the TEMPS-M displayed a good CFI of 0.94, TLI of .94 and a GFI of .95, but a poor RMSEA of .10 [90% CI .10, .11]. The five affective temperaments showed positive correlations with personality dysfunction domains, thus attesting for convergent validity. In addition, positive correlations between all affective temperament dimensions and anxiety/depression scores were found. We also tested for gender invariance, and found that configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported across gender. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the psychometric properties of the Arabic TEMPS-M are good. Making this scale available in Arabic will hopefully encourage Arab researchers to investigate this under-explored topic in their countries, and advance knowledge on how culture impacts the prevalence, development and course of temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ecem Yakın
- grid.410542.60000 0004 0486 042XCentre d’Etudes Et de Recherches en Psychopathologie Et Psychologie de La Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, UT2J, 5 Allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France
| | - Zeinab Bitar
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Diana Malaeb
- grid.411884.00000 0004 1762 9788College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates ,grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Toni Sawma
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- grid.443337.40000 0004 0608 1585Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478 Saudi Arabia ,grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon ,grid.411423.10000 0004 0622 534XApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan ,grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Choi S, Yu H, Yoon J, Jang Y, Lee D, Park YS, Ihm HK, Ryoo HA, Cho N, Woo JM, Kang HS, Ha TH, Myung W. Korean Validation of the Short Version of the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) in Patients with Mood Disorders. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010115. [PMID: 36676739 PMCID: PMC9860563 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is designed to assess affective temperaments. The short version of the TEMPS-A (TEMPS-A-SV) has been translated into various languages for use in research and clinical settings. However, no research has been conducted to validate the Korean version of the TEMPS-A-SV in patients with mood disorders. The goal of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the TEMPS-A-SV in Korean mood disorder patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 715 patients (267 patients with major depressive disorder, 94 patients with bipolar disorder I, and 354 patients with bipolar disorder II) completed the Korean TEMPS-A-SV. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were used to assess the reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also performed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between the five temperaments. The difference in five temperament scores between the gender or diagnosis groups was analyzed, and the correlation between five temperament scores and age was tested. RESULTS The Korean TEMPS-A-SV displayed good internal consistency (α = 0.65-0.88, ω = 0.66-0.9) and significant correlations between the subscales except one (the correlation between hyperthymic and anxious). Using EFA, a two-factor structure was produced: Factor I (cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, and anxious) and Factor II (hyperthymic). The cyclothymic temperament score differed by gender and the anxious temperament score was significantly correlated with age. All the temperaments, except for irritable temperament, showed significant differences between diagnosis groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results show that the TEMPS-A-SV is a reliable and valid measurement that can be used for estimating Koreans' affective temperaments. However, more research is required on affective temperaments and associated characteristics in people with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Yu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Ihm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Ryoo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Seoul Mental Health Clinic, Seoul 06149, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(31)-787-7430; Fax: +82-(31)-787-4058
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Concerto C, Rodolico A, La Rosa VL, Aiello B, Martinez M, Stuto S, Infortuna C, Fusar-Poli L, Signorelli MS, Commodari E, Battaglia F, Aguglia E. Flourishing or Languishing? Predictors of Positive Mental Health in Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15814. [PMID: 36497895 PMCID: PMC9736882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students were burdened with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of the present study was to investigate predictors of positive mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey from September 2021 to March 2022. We applied the snowball recruitment technique involving medical students from the University of Catania, Italy. We administered, anonymously, a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Participants showed moderate anxiety, depression, and stress levels, and more than half had positive mental health status overall. This finding was inversely related to age, depression severity, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments. Our results showed that medical students with depressive and cyclothymic temperaments were more at risk of worsening mental health status during the pandemic. Our findings may allow for further developments about the impact of personological characteristics on students' mental health to enable more efficient support for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Aiello
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Martinez
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Stuto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmenrita Infortuna
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Commodari
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Moreira Pereira J, Madeira L, Figueira ML. Exploring relational and moral features in medical students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 12:76-83. [PMID: 33927064 PMCID: PMC8411336 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.606a.f16c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore empathy, moral competencies, callous traits, and temperament in a sample of medical students. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate differences in our variables across the 1st and 5th years of medical education and possible correlations between them. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with 138 medical students. We resorted to self-reported instruments that were given at the end of classes: Barrett-Lennard Relational Inventory, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Auto-questionnaire, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Moral Competence Test. For the statistical analysis, we resorted to descriptive and inferential statistics, using non-parametric tests when data didn't follow a normal distribution. RESULTS We found no statistical difference between empathy scores in 1st (N=104, Mean=41.42, SD=22.48) and 5th year students (N=34, Mean=37.35, SD=23.35), t(136)=0.908, p=0.366. Callous traits were negatively correlated with empathy (r(136)=-0.444, p=0.000) and no correlation between moral competences and empathy (r(96)=0.029, p=0.779) was observed. We found a negative correlation between empathy and cyclothymic, anxious and irritable temperaments (r(136)=-0.334, p=0.000, r(136)=-0.281, p=0.001, r(136)=-0.400, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our scores corroborate previous evidence that medical students are empathic, have good moral standards and low callous traits. We saw no differences in empathy scores between the two years and future studies could explore the particulars of medical curriculums impacting this variable. In our study, empathy was negatively correlated with callous traits and linked with specific temperaments. Considering these variables at admission to medical school as well as preserving and improving them in medical education might offer better standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Madeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Portugal
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Jiménez E, Bonnín CDM, Solé B, Sánchez-Moreno J, Reinares M, Torrent C, Torres I, Salagre E, Varo C, Ruíz V, Giménez A, Benabarre A, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Cervilla J, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J, Amann BL, Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E. Spanish validation of the Barcelona TEMPS-A questionnaire in patients with bipolar disorder and general population. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:199-207. [PMID: 30772748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego (TEMPS-A) is a self-administered questionnaire intended to assess five affective temperaments: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious. Our objective was to examine the psychometric properties of the TEMPS-A using a sample comprised by patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC) and to determine cut-off scores for each temperament. METHODS Five hundred and ninety-eight individuals (327 BD and 271 HC) completed the TEMPS-A. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine internal consistency reliability. Test-retest reliability and association between different temperamental scales were assessed using Spearman correlation. To confirm factor structure a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out. Cut-off scores indicating the presence of dominant temperament were also calculated. RESULTS Internal consistency was optimal for all temperament subscales (α: 0.682- 0.893). The questionnaire demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ρ: 0.594-0.754). The strongest positive associations were found between cyclothymic and anxious and between depressive and anxious temperaments. Hyperthymic and depressive as well as hyperthymic and anxious temperaments showed a strong negative correlation. LIMITATIONS The HC sample was not matched with the BD group. There were some sociodemographic and clinical differences between groups that may impact on the obtained results. A portion of patients with BD was recruited from tertiary centers. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the Barcelona TEMPS-A questionnaire presents a good internal consistency and their results are stable in clinical population. The performance of the Barcelona TEMPS-A is as good as the original scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnín
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Sánchez-Moreno
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Reinares
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Imma Torres
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Estela Salagre
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Varo
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victoria Ruíz
- Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Giménez
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Benabarre
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luís Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Cervilla
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo,CIBERSAM. Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo,CIBERSAM. Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo,CIBERSAM. Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benedikt L Amann
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depression Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Elias LR, Köhler CA, Stubbs B, Maciel BR, Cavalcante LM, Vale AMO, Gonda X, Quevedo J, Hyphantis TN, Soares JC, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. Measuring affective temperaments: a systematic review of validation studies of the Temperament Evaluation in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS) instruments. J Affect Disord 2017; 212:25-37. [PMID: 28135688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of affective temperaments has provided useful insights for the psychopathological understanding of affective disorders and for the conceptualization of bipolar spectrum disorders. The Temperament in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS) instrument has been widely used in research, yet its psychometric properties and optimal factor structure are unclear. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from inception until March 15th, 2016. Validation peer-reviewed studies of different versions of the TEMPS performed in adult samples were considered for inclusion. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies (N=20,787) met inclusion criteria. Several versions of the TEMPS have been validated in 14 languages across 15 countries. The 110-item self-reported version of the TEMPS has been the most studied version. Most studies (50%) supported a five factor solution although few studies performed confirmatory factor analyses. A five-factor solution has consistently been reported for the 39-item version of the TEMPS-A. Overall, evidence indicates that different versions of the TEMPS have adequate internal consistency reliability, while the TEMPS-A-110 version has acceptable test-retest reliability. The methodological quality of included studies varied. LIMITATIONS A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of settings and versions of the TEMPS utilized. CONCLUSIONS Different versions of the TEMPS have been validated across different cultures. The short 39-item version of the TEMPS-A holds promise and merits further investigation. Culture-bound factors may influence the expression and/or assessment of affective temperaments with the TEMPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana R Elias
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz R Maciel
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lígia M Cavalcante
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Antonio M O Vale
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Xénia Gonda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kutvolgyi Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC 88806-000, Brazil; Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas N Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Institute for Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, I.R.E.M., Padova, Italy.
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Predictive value of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 as biomarkers of affective temperaments in healthy young adults. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:47-52. [PMID: 27693464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments are intermediate phenotypes for major affective disorders and are reported to have a neuroimmune etiopathogenesis. Here we investigated the role of soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in affective temperaments and mood symptoms in healthy adults. METHODS Healthy adults (n=94) were screened for psychiatric disorders using the nonpatient version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-I and II. Subjects with medical conditions associated with changes in inflammatory response were excluded, deriving the final sample (n=68). Affective temperaments were evaluated with Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). State mood symptoms were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders (age, gender, BMI, and smoking habits), a high negative correlation between depressive and irritable temperament TEMPS-A scores and sVCAM-1 levels was detected. Although we identified no association between sICAM-1 levels and affective temperament scores, sICAM-1 was related to the state severity of manic symptoms. In a multiple linear regression model, sVCAM-1 remained a significant predictor of depressive but not irritable temperament scores. LIMITATIONS The temperaments were estimated on the basis of self-report questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sVCAM-1 is related to affective temperaments, and it is a trait marker for liability to mood disorders. This relationship between alterations in cellular adhesion and affective temperament may be important for vulnerability to affective disorders.
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Naderer A, Keller F, Plener P, Unseld M, Lesch OM, Walter H, Erfurth A, Kapusta ND. The brief TEMPS-M temperament questionnaire: A psychometric evaluation in an Austrian sample. J Affect Disord 2015; 188:43-6. [PMID: 26342887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Naderer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Unseld
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine I, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - O M Lesch
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division for Social Psychiatry, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - H Walter
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division for Social Psychiatry, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Erfurth
- Social Medical Center Baumgartner Höhe, Otto-Wagner Hospital, 6th Psychiatric Ward, Baumgartner Höhe 1, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - N D Kapusta
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Ristić-Ignjatović D, Hinić D, Bessonov D, Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Ristić B. Towards validation of the short TEMPS-A in non-clinical adult population in Serbia. J Affect Disord 2014; 164:43-9. [PMID: 24856552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study represents the standardisation of the Serbian version of the TEMPS-A scale on non-clinical adult population, as well as external validation with TCI-R scale of temperaments which has already been evaluated on Serbian population. METHODS The TEMPS-A has been administered to 570 healthy adults without histories of mental disorders, 47% male, 53% female, aged between 20 and 76 (M=35.55; SD=14.14). In line with the state census data, the sampling was partially stratified according to gender, age categories, education and regional area of the participants. RESULTS In contrast to many other studies, six factors were extracted herein, including 41 items with loadings above .50, explaining 44.40% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the scale was α=.83, and the average test-retest coefficient (rho=.82) indicates a stable reliability. The highest positive correlations were obtained between the depressive and cyclothymic scales, depressive and anxious scales, and cyclothymic with anxious scales. The highest values were detected on hyperthymic and the lowest on depressive temperament. The highest positive correlations were reported between harm avoidance (measured by the TCI-R) and depressive, anxious, cyclothymic temperament, and between novelty seeking and hyperthymic temperament. The highest negative correlation was detected between harm avoidance and hyperthymic. Finally, females scored higher on depressive, cyclothymic and anxious, while males scored higher on hyperthymic temperament. LIMITATIONS The participants׳ educational background was slightly higher than that of the general population of Serbia. Since the scale is aimed at its administration in clinical population as well, it is necessary that its structure and validity be also tested on specific clinical subpopulations in the future. CONCLUSIONS The current study is significant in having confirmed that the TEMPS-A can be reliably and validly used in identifying affective temperaments in the adult nonclinical population in Serbia, which provides the basis and norms for future comparisons with clinical subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darko Hinić
- Psychology Department, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia.
| | - Daniel Bessonov
- International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hagop S Akiskal
- International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kareen K Akiskal
- International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Branko Ristić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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A three-year longitudinal study of affective temperaments and risk for psychopathology. J Affect Disord 2014; 164:94-100. [PMID: 24856560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments are presumed to underlie bipolar psychopathology. The TEMPS-A has been widely used to assess affective temperaments in clinical and non-clinical samples. Cross-sectional research supports the association of affective temperaments and mood psychopathology; however, longitudinal research examining risk for the development of bipolar disorders is lacking. The present study examined the predictive validity of affective temperaments, using the TEMPS-A, at a three-year follow-up assessment. METHODS The study interviewed 112 participants (77% of the original sample) at a three-year follow-up of 145 non-clinically ascertained young adults psychometrically at-risk for bipolar disorders, who previously took part in a cross-sectional examination of affective temperaments and mood psychopathology. RESULTS At the reassessment, 29 participants (26%) met criteria for bipolar spectrum disorders, including 13 participants who transitioned into disorders during the follow-up period (14% of the originally undiagnosed sample). Cyclothymic/irritable and hyperthymic temperaments predicted both total cases and new cases of bipolar spectrum disorders at the follow-up. Cyclothymic/irritable temperament was associated with more severe outcomes, including DSM-IV-TR bipolar disorders, bipolar spectrum psychopathology, major depressive episodes, and substance use disorders. Hyperthymic temperament was associated with bipolar spectrum psychopathology and hypomania, whereas dysthymic temperament was generally unassociated with psychopathology and impairment. LIMITATIONS The present sample of young adults is still young relative to the age of onset of mood psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of the predictive validity of affective temperaments regarding risk for the development of bipolar psychopathology. Affective temperaments provide a useful construct for understanding bipolar psychopathology.
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