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Miola A, Trevisan N, Salvucci M, Minerva M, Valeggia S, Manara R, Sambataro F. Network dysfunction of sadness facial expression processing and morphometry in euthymic bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:525-536. [PMID: 37498325 PMCID: PMC10995000 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Facial emotion recognition (FER), including sadness, is altered in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the relationship between this impairment and the brain structure in BD is relatively unexplored. Furthermore, its association with clinical variables and with the subtypes of BD remains to be clarified. Twenty euthymic patients with BD type I (BD-I), 28 BD type II (BD-II), and 45 healthy controls completed a FER test and a 3D-T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume (GMV) of the cortico-limbic regions implicated in emotional processing was estimated and their relationship with FER performance was investigated using network analysis. Patients with BD-I had worse total and sadness-related FER performance relative to the other groups. Total FER performance was significantly negatively associated with illness duration and positively associated with global functioning in patients with BD-I. Sadness-related FER performance was also significantly negatively associated with the number of previous manic episodes. Network analysis showed a reduced association of the GMV of the frontal-insular-occipital areas in patients with BD-I, with a greater edge strength between sadness-related FER performance and amygdala GMV relative to controls. Our results suggest that FER performance, particularly for facial sadness, may be distinctively impaired in patients with BD-I. The pattern of reduced interrelationship in the frontal-insular-occipital regions and a stronger positive relationship between facial sadness recognition and the amygdala GMV in BD may reflect altered cortical modulation of limbic structures that ultimately predisposes to emotional dysregulation. Future longitudinal studies investigating the effect of mood state on FER performance in BD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicolò Trevisan
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
| | - Margherita Salvucci
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Minerva
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Valeggia
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Herold M, Kovács GX, Herold R, Pótó Z, Fekete JD, Varga E, Hajnal A, Csulak T, Pethő B, Hebling D, Albert N, Tényi T. Patients with chronic bipolar disorder show impairments in interpreting literary fiction - A preliminary explorative study with the short story task. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:238-245. [PMID: 38316104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theory of mind (ToM) is a crucial skill in navigating and functioning in the social world. Significant ToM impairment was consistently found in bipolar disorder; it can be both a state and trait marker of the disorder. However, most of the ToM tests are not sensitive enough to detect subtle individual differences, which would be necessary for an individualized treatment plan. The Short Story Task (SST) is a new way to sensitively assess individual differences in ToM performance. The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of SST in patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD 31 persons (11 male, 20 female) with bipolar I disorder and 31 healthy individuals (15 males and 16 females) as a control group were recruited. SST was used to evaluate ToM performance. The SST uses a Hemingway novel, in which the patient is presented with a realistic social situation, where the motivations of the characters and the underlying relationships of events are not explicitly described. RESULTS In the explicit mental state reasoning questions the CG (M = 8.06) had significantly higher (p < 0.001) scores than the persons with bipolar I disorder (M = 5.03). There was no ceiling effect for explicit ToM scores in either group. Participants in CG (M = 8.03) also significantly outperformed (p = 0.006) the BG participants (M = 6.55) in the comprehension questions. The spontaneous mental state inference question was performed equally (M = 0.23) in both groups. Group assignment (t = -3.503, p < 0.001), comprehension score (t = 2.864, p = 0.006), and spontaneous mentalization (t = 2.846, p = 0.006) significantly predicted the explicit ToM performance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found that the Short Story Task is a promising tool for measuring ToM in patients with bipolar disorder without ceiling effect. Primarily explicit ToM was found to be deficient, which corresponds well with the ToM literature in bipolar disorder. Contrary to our hypothesis we could not detect impairment in spontaneous ToM and found that patients living with bipolar disorder also showed deficits in comprehension. The lack of assessment of neurocognitive skills is a significant limitation of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gyöngyvér X Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pótó
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Diána Fekete
- Department of Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Hajnal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Csulak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Borbála Pethő
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Hebling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
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Chang Y, Yu C, Huang C, Wang T, Dziobek I, Lane H. Discrepancy of social cognition between bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3365. [PMID: 38376012 PMCID: PMC10757902 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research landscape examining social cognition (SC) impairment in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD) is notably scarce. Presently, assessments predominantly rely on static stimuli and self-reported measures, which may not capture the dynamic dimensions of social cognition. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC-CH) and to investigate whether MDD and BD exhibit distinct patterns of SC impairments, shedding light on potential differences between these two mood disorders. METHODS The study encompassed 197 participants, aged 18-65, distributed as follows: 21 BD, 20 MDD, and 156 healthy controls (HC). We focused on examining "cognitive" and "emotional" SC scores and "undermentalizing" and "overmentalizing" error patterns, with nonsocial inference as a control. Additional assessments included the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). We also explored the association between depression severity (measured by the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale, HDRS) and distinct SC dimensions between MDD and BD. RESULTS The MASC-CH exhibited strong validity and reliability for SC assessment. In group comparisons, BD participants scored significantly lower on MASC-CH, while the MDD group scores were not significantly different from HC. Specifically, BD individuals had notably lower cognitive SC scores and made more undermentalizing and absence of mentalizing errors than MDD and HC. Additionally, a negative correlation between HDRS score and overmentalizing was observed in BD, not in the MDD. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that depression severity scores in BD were inversely related to MASC-CH scores. In contrast, this relationship was not observed in the MDD group. These results underscore the importance of SC impairments as distinguishing characteristics of both BD and MDD. It provides valuable insights into the distinct social-cognitive profiles of both mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of PsychologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Genomics and BioinformaticsCollege of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chu‐Ling Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of PsychiatryChina Medical University Hsinchu HospitalHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chun Huang
- Department of PsychiatryNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou‐Liou BranchYunlinTaiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and BrainHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Hsien‐Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Tsai TH, Lu TH, Tseng HH, Chang WH, Wang TY, Yang YK, Chang HH, Chen PS. The relationship between peripheral insulin resistance and social cognitive deficits among euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 342:121-126. [PMID: 37683941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive literature documenting emotion-related social-cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD), the factors contributing to these deficits have not been definitively established. To address this gap, the present study aimed to examine the association between peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and emotion-related social-cognitive abilities in BD patients and controls. METHOD Sixty-five BD patients and 38 non-psychiatric controls were recruited, and their social cognitive ability and IR were measured using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively. RESULTS The study found that the BD patients scored significantly lower than the non-psychiatric controls in the task of emotional management. The BD patients had a higher mean HOMA-IR value as compared with the controls but this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.051). The interaction between BD diagnosis and HOMA-IR value was significant on the MSCEIT Facilitating emotions branch and Facilitation subscale (p = 0.024, p = 0.010), and post-hoc analyses revealed that the BD patients in the higher HOMA-IR group had significantly lower scores than BD patients in the lower HOMA-IR group and the non-psychiatric controls in the higher HOMA-IR group on both the MSCEIT Facilitating emotion branch and Facilitation subscale. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, causality could not be inferred. The study did not examine potential mediators or moderators between IR and social cognition. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that BD patients with IR experience additional impairment in specific domains of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Mirzai N, Polet K, Morisot A, Hesse S, Pesce A, Louchart de la Chapelle S, Iakimova G. Can the Ability to Recognize Facial Emotions in Individuals With Neurodegenerative Disease be Improved? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:202-218. [PMID: 37410880 PMCID: PMC10683976 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion recognition (FER) is commonly impaired in individuals with neurodegenerative disease (NDD). This impairment has been linked to an increase in behavioral disorders and caregiver burden. OBJECTIVE To identify interventions targeting the improvement of FER ability in individuals with NDD and investigate the magnitude of the efficacy of the interventions. We also wanted to explore the duration of the effects of the intervention and their possible impacts on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver burden. METHOD We included 15 studies with 604 individuals who had been diagnosed with NDD. The identified interventions were categorized into three types of approach (cognitive, neurostimulation, and pharmacological) as well as a combined approach (neurostimulation with pharmacological). RESULTS The three types of approaches pooled together had a significant large effect size for FER ability improvement (standard mean difference: 1.21, 95% CI = 0.11, 2.31, z = 2.15, P = 0.03). The improvement lasted post intervention, in tandem with a decrease in behavioral disorders and caregiver burden. CONCLUSION A combination of different approaches for FER ability improvement may be beneficial for individuals with NDD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Mirzai
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Cote d’Azur University, Laboratory of Clinical, Cognitive and Social Anthropology and Psychology, Nice, France
| | - Kévin Polet
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Adeline Morisot
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Public Health Department, Cote d’Azur University, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Solange Hesse
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Alain Pesce
- Bibliographic Research Association for Neurosciences, Nice, France
| | | | - Galina Iakimova
- Cote d’Azur University, Laboratory of Clinical, Cognitive and Social Anthropology and Psychology, Nice, France
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Varo C, Amoretti S, Sparacino G, Jiménez E, Solé B, Bonnin CDM, Montejo L, Serra M, Torrent C, Salagre E, Benabarre A, Salgado-Pineda P, Montoro Salvatierra I, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sánchez-Gistau V, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Pacchiarotti I, Garcia-Rizo C, Undurraga J, Reinares M, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E, Verdolini N. Emotional intelligence: a comparison between patients after first episode mania and those suffering from chronic bipolar disorder type I. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3065-3076. [PMID: 35574736 PMCID: PMC10235671 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in emotional intelligence (EI) were detected in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but little is known about whether these deficits are already present in patients after presenting a first episode mania (FEM). We sought (i) to compare EI in patients after a FEM, chronic BD and healthy controls (HC); (ii) to examine the effect exerted on EI by socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables in FEM patients. METHODS The Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ) was calculated with the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Performance on MSCEIT was compared among the three groups using generalized linear models. In patients after a FEM, the influence of socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables on the EIQ was examined using a linear regression model. RESULTS In total, 184 subjects were included (FEM n = 48, euthymic chronic BD type I n = 75, HC n = 61). BD patients performed significantly worse than HC on the EIQ [mean difference (MD) = 10.09, standard error (s.e.) = 3.14, p = 0.004] and on the understanding emotions branch (MD = 7.46, s.e. = 2.53, p = 0.010). FEM patients did not differ from HC and BD on other measures of MSCEIT. In patients after a FEM, EIQ was positively associated with female sex (β = -0.293, p = 0.034) and verbal memory performance (β = 0.374, p = 0.008). FEM patients performed worse than HC but better than BD on few neurocognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS Patients after a FEM showed preserved EI, while patients in later stages of BD presented lower EIQ, suggesting that impairments in EI might result from the burden of disease and neurocognitive decline, associated with the chronicity of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giulio Sparacino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montejo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Serra
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Salagre
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benabarre
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, c/Dr. Pujades 38, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Montoro Salvatierra
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Deparment of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Deparment of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, c/Dr. Pujades 38, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Reinares
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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Massalha Y, Maggioni E, Callari A, Brambilla P, Delvecchio G. A review of resting-state fMRI correlations with executive functions and social cognition in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:337-351. [PMID: 37003435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in executive functions (EF) and social cognition (SC) are often observed in bipolar disorder (BD), leading to a severe impairment in engaging a functional interaction with the others and the surrounding environment. Therefore, in recent years, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies on BD tried to identify the neural underpinnings of these cognitive domains by exploring the association between the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and the scores in clinical scales evaluating these domains. METHODS A bibliographic search on PubMed and Scopus of studies evaluating the correlations between rs-fMRI findings and EF and/or SC in BD was conducted until March 2022. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Overall, the results of the reviewed studies showed that BD patients had FC deficits compared to healthy controls (HC) in selective resting-state networks involved in EF and SC, which include the default mode network, especially the link between medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, and the sensory-motor network. Finally, it also emerged the predominant role of alterations in prefrontal connections in explaining the cognitive deficits in BD patients. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of the reviewed studies, in terms of cognitive domains explored and neuroimaging acquisitions, limited the comparability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS rs-fMRI studies could help deepen the brain network alterations underlying EF and SC deficits in BD, pointing the attention on the neuronal underpinning of cognition, whose knowledge may lead to the development of new neurobiological-based approaches to improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Massalha
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Callari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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8
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Şandor S, İşcen P. Faux-Pas Recognition Test: A Turkish adaptation study and a proposal of a standardized short version. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:34-42. [PMID: 33847200 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1909030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Faux Pas Recognition Test (FPRT) is one of the most commonly used tools to assess the theory of mind (ToM) and a valid and reliable screening of this social cognitive function in both clinical and research settings is essential. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FPRT on a healthy Turkish sample and to develop a shorter form with adequate psychometric properties to provide an easier application for the tester by shortening the test's duration of administration. Four hundred sixteen healthy individuals completed the Turkish version of the FPRT. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Evaluation-Revised form (ACE-R) was given to the participants who were over 60 years of age in order to eliminate the adverse effects of a potential cognitive decline on FPRT performance. Effects of psychological symptoms on FPRT performance were controlled with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Both the original and short versions of the test showed good psychometric properties: for the original version internal consistency reliability was 0.94 for faux-pas (FP) stories and 0.92 for control stories; for the short version it was 0.92 for FP stories and was 0.93 for control stories. For the original version of the FPRT; inter-rater reliability was 0.88 for FP stories and was 0.96 for control stories. Split-half reliability was 0.78 for FP stories and was 0.85 for control stories. Gender and age comparisons were carried out. Results revealed that women had significantly higher total scores than men in three measures of FPRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Şandor
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar İşcen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Siciliano L, Olivito G, Lupo M, Urbini N, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Delle Chiaie R, Leggio M. The role of the cerebellum in sequencing and predicting social and non-social events in patients with bipolar disorder. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1095157. [PMID: 36874211 PMCID: PMC9974833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1095157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advances in the operational mode of the cerebellum indicate a role in sequencing and predicting non-social and social events, crucial for individuals to optimize high-order functions, such as Theory of Mind (ToM). ToM deficits have been described in patients with remitted bipolar disorders (BD). The literature on BD patients' pathophysiology reports cerebellar alterations; however, sequential abilities have never been investigated and no study has previously focused on prediction abilities, which are needed to properly interpret events and to adapt to changes. Methods To address this gap, we compared the performance of BD patients in the euthymic phase with healthy controls using two tests that require predictive processing: a ToM test that require implicit sequential processing and a test that explicitly assesses sequential abilities in non-ToM functions. Additionally, patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared between BD patients and controls using voxel-based morphometry. Results Impaired ToM and sequential skills were detected in BD patients, specifically when tasks required a greater predictive load. Behavioral performances might be consistent with patterns of GM reduction in cerebellar lobules Crus I-II, which are involved in advanced human functions. Discussion These results highlight the importance of deepening the cerebellar role in sequential and prediction abilities in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell'Età Evolutiva ASL, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Urbini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, Grosseto, Italy.,Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, Grosseto, Italy.,Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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KULACAOĞLU F, ÜNVER H, YILDIRIM YE, ERZİN G. Relationship between theory of mind and metabolic parameters and functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1179024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the relationship theory of mind abilities with functionality and metabolic alteration in patients with bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1) during the remission period.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study is consisted of 68 patients with bipolar disorder-1 and 45 healthy controls. Sociodemographic form, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ) were administered to the participants. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) levels were recorded.
Results: There were significant differences between the patient group and healthy control group in terms of WC, BMI, HDL, LDL, TG. The results of independent samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in RMET score between the two groups with control group significantly higher than patient group.
Conclusion: Patients with BD-1 during the remission period have lower performance on theory of mind abilities and more alteration in metabolic parameters than healthy controls. Metabolic alteration and theory of mind impairment should be potential treatment target for BD
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz KULACAOĞLU
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL BAKIRKÖY PROF. DR. MAZHAR OSMAN APPLICATION AND RESEARCH CENTER FOR PSYCHIATRIC AND NERVE DISEASES
| | | | | | - Gamze ERZİN
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA DIŞKAPI YILDIRIM BEYAZIT SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, RUH SAĞLIĞI VE HASTALIKLARI ANABİLİM DALI
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11
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Olivito G, Lupo M, Siciliano L, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Pancheri C, Panfili M, Pignatelli F, Delle Chiaie R, Leggio M. Theory of mind profile and cerebellar alterations in remitted bipolar disorder 1 and 2: a comparison study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:971244. [PMID: 36160679 PMCID: PMC9492864 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.971244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on social cognition abilities in bipolar disorder (BD) is controversial about the occurrence of theory of mind (ToM) alterations. In addition to other cerebral structures, such as the frontal and limbic areas, the processing of socially relevant stimuli has also been attributed to the cerebellum, which has been demonstrated to be involved in the above-mentioned disorder. Nevertheless, the cerebellar contribution to ToM deficits in bipolar patients needs to be elucidated further. To this aim, two tests assessing different components of ToM were used to evaluate the ability to appreciate affective and mental states of others in 17 individuals with a diagnosis of BD type 1 (BD1) and 13 with BD type 2 (BD2), both in the euthymic phase, compared to healthy matched controls. Cerebellar gray matter (GM) volumes were extracted and compared between BD1 and controls and BD2 and controls by using voxel-based morphometry. The results showed that BD1 patients were compromised in the cognitive and advanced components of ToM, while the BD2 ToM profile resulted in a more widespread compromise, also involving affective and automatic components. Both overlapping and differing areas of cerebellar GM reduction were found. The two groups of patients presented a pattern of GM reduction in cerebellar portions that are known to be involved in the affective and social domains, such as the vermis and Crus I and Crus II. Interestingly, in both BD1 and BD2, positive correlations were detected between lower ToM scores and decreased volumes in the cerebellum. Overall, BD2 patients showed a more compromised ToM profile and greater cerebellar impairment than BD1 patients. The different patterns of structural abnormalities may account for the different ToM performances evidenced, thus leading to divergent profiles between BD1 and BD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giusy Olivito
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell’Età Evolutiva ASL, Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Grosseto, Italy
- Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Grosseto, Italy
- Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corinna Pancheri
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Panfili
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Morán-Kneer J, Ríos U, Costa-Cordella S, Barría C, Carvajal V, Valenzuela K, Wasserman D. Childhood Trauma and Social Cognition in participants with Bipolar Disorder: The Moderating Role of Attachment. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Lee CN, Huang YL, Chang HH, Kuo CY, Lu TH, Hsieh YT, Chang WH, Yang YK, Chen PS, Tseng HH. Associations of emotion recognition, loneliness, and social functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:703-711. [PMID: 35394707 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion recognition deficit is related to impaired community functioning. Loneliness is also associated with impaired social performance. However, the way in which emotion recognition and loneliness may contribute to social functioning remains unclear in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. We aimed to examine emotion recognition ability in Han Chinese euBD patients relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to investigate the associations between emotion recognition, loneliness, and social functioning. Thirty-nine HCs and 46 euthymic BD patients completed an emotion recognition task and nonsocial cognitive measures related to executive function and attention. The UCLA loneliness scale and Social Performance Scale were administered to evaluate psychological loneliness and social functioning, respectively. We observed lower emotion recognition accuracy, higher loneliness, and poorer social functioning in the BD patients after adjustment for demographic data. Loneliness was negatively associated with global social functioning in both the BD and HC groups. Higher loneliness and lower emotion recognition accuracy were associated with poorer social functioning in euthymic BD in different subdomains. Our study confirmed a subtle impairment of emotion recognition ability in euthymic BD. Loneliness impacts globally on social functioning, while emotion recognition ability may affect specific subdomains of social functioning in euthymic BD. Alleviation of loneliness and enhancement of social cognition might improve social functioning in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Ning Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lien Huang
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che Yu Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Gillissie ES, Lui LMW, Ceban F, Miskowiak K, Gok S, Cao B, Teopiz KM, Ho R, Lee Y, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Deficits of social cognition in bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:137-148. [PMID: 34825440 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between impaired social cognition and bipolar disorder (BD) is well established. However, to our knowledge, there has not been a recent systematic review that characterizes disparate dimensions of social cognition in BD. Herein, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the literature on core aspects of social cognition (i.e., Theory of Mind, emotion recognition, and social judgment) to identify potential areas of impairment. METHODS Online databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane Libraries, PsycINFO) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to May 2021. Studies with populations ages ≥16 with DSM-IV or DSM-5 defined BD (I or II) either in a euthymic or symptomatic state were included. The risk of bias was measured using the ROBINS-1 tool, and the quality of the sources was evaluated using GRADE criteria. The results of the studies were quantitatively measured by synthesizing Hedge's g effect sizes through a random effects meta-analytic approach. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included in the final review (i.e., 12 studies on the Theory of Mind, 11 on emotion recognition, and 6 on social judgment). Overall, results demonstrated social cognition to be moderately impaired in individuals with BD (d = 0.59). The individual domains ranged in effect size (0.38 < d < 0.70), providing evidence for variation in impairment within social cognition. DISCUSSION Individuals with BD exhibit clinically significant deficits in social cognition during euthymic and symptomatic states. Social cognition impairments in individuals with BD are an important therapeutic target for treatment discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Gillissie
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia Ceban
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sena Gok
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Varo C, Solé B, Jiménez E, Bonnín CM, Torrent C, Valls E, Lahera G, Martínez-Arán A, Carvalho AF, Miskowiak KW, Vieta E, Reinares M. Identifying social cognition subgroups in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a cluster analytical approach. Psychol Med 2022; 52:159-168. [PMID: 32546284 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with social cognition (SC) impairments even during remission periods although a large heterogeneity has been described. Our aim was to explore the existence of different profiles on SC in euthymic patients with BD, and further explore the potential impact of distinct variables on SC. METHODS Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using three SC domains [Theory of Mind (ToM), Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Attributional Bias (AB)]. The sample comprised of 131 individuals, 71 patients with BD and 60 healthy control subjects who were compared in terms of SC performance, demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of SC-associated risk factors. RESULTS A two-cluster solution was identified with an adjusted-performance group (N = 48, 67.6%) and a low-performance group (N = 23, 32.4%) with mild deficits in ToM and AB domains and with moderate difficulties in EI. Patients with low SC performance were mostly males, showed lower estimated IQ, higher subthreshold depressive symptoms, longer illness duration, and poorer visual memory and attention. Low estimated IQ (OR 0.920, 95% CI 0.863-0.981), male gender (OR 5.661, 95% CI 1.473-21.762), and longer illness duration (OR 1.085, 95% CI 1.006-1.171) contributed the most to the patients clustering. The model explained up to 35% of the variance in SC performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the existence of two discrete profiles of SC among BD. Nearly two-thirds of patients exhibited adjusted social cognitive abilities. Longer illness duration, male gender, and lower estimated IQ were associated with low SC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Jiménez
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Valls
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Lahera
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, IRyCIS, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K W Miskowiak
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Reinares
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Social cue recognition and attributional bias in remitted bipolar disorder: Impact on social functioning. Psychiatry Res 2021; 306:114300. [PMID: 34837881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of social cue recognition and attributional bias on social functioning has been sparsely studied in remitted bipolar disorder (BD). In view of this, we evaluated thirty subjects with BD (without a history of psychotic symptoms) who were in remission and thirty age and, gender-matched healthy controls for social cue recognition [using SoCueReTI (Social Cue Recognition Test- Indian Setting)], and attributional bias (using an Attributional style questionnaire). Social functioning was assessed in subjects with BD using the Functional assessment short test (FAST) - Interpersonal relationships. Subjects with BD had significant deficits in recognizing social cues in low-intensity and high-intensity vignettes when compared to healthy controls. Deficits in recognizing social cues in low-intensity vignettes were significantly correlated with the FAST scores, even after controlling for the number of episodes and duration of illness. Further replication studies are needed to ascertain the association between social cue recognition deficits and social functioning in BD.
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17
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Furlong LS, Rossell SL, Karantonis JA, Cropley VL, Hughes M, Van Rheenen TE. Characterization of facial emotion recognition in bipolar disorder: Focus on emotion mislabelling and neutral expressions. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:353-372. [PMID: 34762769 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that facial emotion recognition is impaired in bipolar disorder (BD). However, patient-control differences are small owing to ceiling effects on the tasks used to assess them. The extant literature is also limited by a relative absence of attention towards identifying patterns of emotion misattribution or understanding whether neutral faces are mislabelled in the same way as ones displaying emotion. We addressed these limitations by comparing facial emotion recognition performance in BD patients and healthy controls on a novel and challenging task. Thirty-four outpatients with BD I and 32 demographically matched healthy controls completed a facial emotion recognition task requiring the labelling of neutral and emotive faces displayed at low emotional intensities. Results indicated that BD patients were significantly less accurate at labelling faces than healthy controls, particularly if they displayed fear or neutral expressions. There were no between-group differences in response times or patterns of emotion mislabelling, with both groups confusing sad and neutral faces, although BD patients also mislabelled sad faces as angry. Task performance did not significantly correlate with mood symptom severity in the BD group. These findings suggest that facial emotion recognition impairments in BD extend to neutral face recognition. Emotion misattribution occurs in a similar, albeit exaggerated manner in patients with BD compared to healthy controls. Future behavioural and neuroimaging research should reconsider the use of neutral faces as baseline stimuli in their task designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Karantonis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Nigam SG, Shenoy S, Sharma PSVN, Behere RV. Facial emotion recognition and its association with quality of life and socio-occupational functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 65:102843. [PMID: 34547596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) are common even in the remitted phase of bipolar disorder (BD). Research regarding FERD in first-degree relatives is inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the facial emotion recognition in remitted patients of bipolar disorder and first-degree relatives(FDR) in comparison with healthy controls. Correlation between FERD and quality of life and socio-occupational functioning was also assessed. METHODS It was an observational, cross-sectional study done at a tertiary hospital in India. Study population (n = 75) included remitted patients of bipolar disorder (n = 27), first-degree relatives of BD patients (FDR) (n = 20) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 28). Facial emotion recognition, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life (QoL) was measured using Tool for Recognition of Emotions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Social & Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref, respectively, in all the participants. RESULTS The BD group did significantly worse in facial emotion recognition in comparison to FDR and HC groups (p < 0.001). Emotion recognition of fear, anger, surprise, and happy were most affected. FDR did not vary significantly from HC in facial emotion recognition. Lower scores on facial emotion recognition were associated with lower QoL in the social domain(p = 0.006) and poorer socio- occupational functioning scores (p = 0.01), but it was not significant within the BD group. CONCLUSION FERD is seen in remitted patients of bipolar disorder but not in the first -degree relatives. FERD affects social quality of life and functioning. Poorer social functioning in remitted patients of bipolar disorder might be multifactorial and cannot be attributed solely to FERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil G Nigam
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Sonia Shenoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - P S V N Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Rishikesh V Behere
- Wellcome Trust / DBT Alliance Intermediate Fellow, Associate Consultant Psychiatry, KEM Hospital Research Centre, 489, Rastapeth, Sardar Moodliar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411011, India.
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19
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Hanegraaf L, Hohwy J, Verdejo-Garcia A. Latent classes of maladaptive personality traits exhibit differences in social processing. J Pers 2021; 90:615-630. [PMID: 34714935 PMCID: PMC9545362 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social processing (SP) deficits manifest across numerous mental disorders. However, this research has been plagued by heterogeneity and a piecemeal approach whereby skills are examined in isolation rather than as part of an integrated cognitive system. Here, we combined two dimensional frameworks of psychopathology to address these limitations. METHOD We utilized the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) to distill trait-related heterogeneity within a community sample (n = 200), and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) 'Systems for Social Processes' to comprehensively assess SP. We first applied latent class analyses (LCA) to derive AMPD-based groups and subsequently contrasted the performance of these groups on a SP test battery that we developed to align with the RDoC SP constructs. RESULTS Our LCA yielded four distinct subgroups. The recognizable trait profiles and psychopathological symptoms of these classes suggested they were clinically meaningful. The subgroups differed in their SP profiles: one displayed deficits regarding the self, a second displayed deficits in understanding others, a third displayed more severe deficits including affiliation problems, whilst the fourth showed normal performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the link between clusters of maladaptive personality traits and distinctive profiles of SP deficits, which may inform research on disorders involving SP dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hanegraaf
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Ruihua M, Meng Z, Nan C, Panqi L, Hua G, Sijia L, Jing S, Ke Z, Yunlong T, Shuping T, Fude Y, Li T, Zhiren W. Differences in Facial Expression Recognition Between Unipolar and Bipolar Depression. Front Psychol 2021; 12:619368. [PMID: 34335353 PMCID: PMC8316620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the differences in facial emotion recognition among patients with unipolar depression (UD), bipolar depression (BD), and normal controls. METHODS Thirty patients with UD and 30 patients with BD, respectively, were recruited in Zhumadian Second People's Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. Fifteen groups of facial expressions including happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust were identified. RESULTS A single-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the facial expression recognition results of the three groups, and the differences were found in the happy-sad (P = 0.009), happy-angry (P = 0.001), happy-surprised (P = 0.034), and disgust-surprised (P = 0.038) facial expression groups. The independent sample T-test analysis showed that compared with the normal control group, there were differences in the happy-sad (P = 0.009) and happy-angry (P = 0.009) groups in patients with BD, and the accuracy of facial expression recognition was lower than the normal control group. Compared with patients with UD, there were differences between the happy-sad (P = 0.005) and happy-angry (P = 0.002) groups, and the identification accuracy of patients with UD was higher than that of patients with BD. The time of facial expression recognition in the normal control group was shorter than that in the patient group. Using happiness-sadness to distinguish unipolar and BDs, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.933, the specificity is 0.889, and the sensitivity is 0.667. Using happiness-anger to distinguish unipolar and BD, the AUC was 0.733, the specificity was 0.778, and the sensitivity was 0.600. CONCLUSION Patients with UD had lower performance in recognizing negative expressions and had longer recognition times. Those with BD had lower accuracy in recognizing positive expressions and longer recognition times. Rapid facial expression recognition performance may be as a potential endophenotype for early identification of unipolar and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ruihua
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Nan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Panqi
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Hua
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Liu Sijia
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Jing
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Yunlong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Shuping
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fude
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wang Zhiren
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Lemvigh CK, Karantonis JA, Furlong LS, Carruthers SP, Pantelis C, Rossell SL, Van Rheenen TE. Characterization and interrelationships of theory of mind, socially competitive emotions and affective empathy in bipolar disorder. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:76-92. [PMID: 34232514 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence shows impaired theory of mind (ToM) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), yet research examining its cognitive and affective components simultaneously is sparse. Moreover, recognition of socially competitive 'fortune of others' emotions (e.g. envy/gloat) may be related to ToM, but has not been assessed in BD. Finally, if and how ToM and 'fortune of others' emotions relate to affective empathy in BD is currently unclear. This study aimed to address these points. METHODS 64 BD patients and 34 healthy controls completed the Yoni task, a visual task assessing first- and second-order cognitive and affective ToM as well as 'fortune of others' emotions. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported affective empathy. RESULTS Patients with BD showed no deficits in cognitive and affective ToM or recognition of 'fortune of others' emotions. The ability to infer 'fortune of others' emotions correlated with several ToM measures, indicating that these functions are part of the same system. Patients with BD reported similar levels of affective empathy to healthy controls, and this was not related to ToM or 'fortune of others' emotions, suggesting that affective empathy represents a separate social domain. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight areas of spared social functioning in BD, which may be utilized in therapeutic strategies. PRACTITIONER POINTS Our results suggest theory of mind and empathy may represent areas of potentially spared cognitive functioning in BD. As many BD patients have experienced adversity during developmental periods in which theory of mind and empathy develop, our findings suggest that these abilities may be markers of resilience in the disorder. Our findings are important for the formulation of therapeutic interventions for BD, which may include considering practical ways that a patients' knowledge of intact ToM and empathy could be utilized to reduce self-stigma and promote self-efficacy, improved well-being and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie K Lemvigh
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Karantonis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa S Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Lomastro MJ, Valerio MP, Szmulewicz AG, Martino DJ. Manic morbidity and executive function impairment as determinants of long-term psychosocial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:72-81. [PMID: 33792890 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of cognitive performance and measures of clinical course-including both syndromal and subsyndromal symptomatology-as determinants of the functional outcome of patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) during a mean follow-up period of more than 4 years. METHODS Seventy patients with euthymic BD completed a neurocognitive battery at study entry. Clinical course was assessed prospectively for a period longer than 48 months by two measures: time spent ill (documented using a modified life charting technique) and density of affective episodes (defined as the number of depressive and hypo/manic episodes per year of follow-up). Psychosocial functioning was assessed during euthymia using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) total score at the end of follow-up period. RESULTS Baseline deficits in phonological fluency, a measure of executive functions (β = -2.49; 95% CI = -3.98, -0.99), and density of hypo/manic episodes during follow-up (β = 6.54; 95% CI = 0.43, 12.65) were independently associated with FAST total score at the end of study. CONCLUSIONS Although interrelated, manic morbidity and executive function impairments independently contribute to long-term psychosocial dysfunction in BD and could be potential targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina P Valerio
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Impaired theory of mind and emotion recognition in pediatric bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:246-255. [PMID: 33866053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition is impaired in patients with severe mental disorders. We aimed to investigate impairments in social cognition in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) through a systematic review of the literature and the meta-analysis. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies reporting on the theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition (ER) abilities of patients with PBD compared to healthy controls (HC). We conducted a random-effects model meta-analysis for the contrast between PBD and HC. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted for demographic and clinical variables as appropriate. RESULTS A total of thirteen studies involving 429 patients with PBD and 394 HC were included. Patients with PBD had significantly poorer social cognitive abilities (Hedges' g for ER, g = -0.74, CI = -0.91, -0.57; and for ToM, g = -0.98, CI = -1.41 to -0.55). Subgroup analysis also revealed significant impairment in ER for patients in a euthymic state (g = -0.75). Age, gender, sample size, the severity of mood symptoms, estimated IQ, the frequencies of bipolar-I disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, medications, study quality and euthymia did not moderate the difference in meta-regression. Heterogeneity was low in all analyses and there was no evidence for publication bias. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis supported the notion that PBD is associated with a deficit in social cognitive abilities at a medium to a large level. Impairments in social cognition could be an illness-related trait of PBD. Meta-regression results did not find a moderator of the deficits in social cognition.
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24
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Palaniappan P, Easwaran K. Theory of Mind Deficits and Their Influence on Functional Impairment in Remitted Phase of Bipolar Disorder. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:195-202. [PMID: 34345094 PMCID: PMC8287390 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620930315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional impairment has been convincingly established in the euthymic/ remitted phase of bipolar disorder (BD). Though deficits in social cognition, especially theory of mind (ToM), predict functional impairment, the association has not been consistently proven. METHODS Thirty remitted subjects with BD (as per DSM 5) and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were screened for eligibility and the sociodemographic details and ToM scores, that is, first-order ToM, second-order ToM, and Faux pas, were collected. In subjects with BD, functioning was assessed using Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and illness variables were collected. RESULTS No significant difference was found in occupation or education between the groups. Remitted subjects with BD had statistically significant deficits in all domains of ToM, that is, first-order ToM (r = 0.65), second-order ToM (r = 0.69), and Faux pas (r = 0.75). Significant correlations existed between first-order ToM and FAST total score, as well as second-order ToM and FAST total score, but the correlations dropped after controlling for duration of illness and number of depressive episodes. Quantile regression analysis showed that the only factors which predicted global functional impairment was a higher number of episodes (βτ= -0.45, SE = 3.51, t = 0.13, P = 0.04), while all other illness variables and ToM failed to predict the global functioning. CONCLUSION Though there seems to be an association between ToM and functioning, only illness variables predicted functional impairment in subjects with BD. We need prospective studies to delineate the contributors to functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Palaniappan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, India
| | - Krishnapriya Easwaran
- Dept. of Psychiatry, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, India
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25
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Kuo SY, Chang YH, Wang TY, Tseng HH, Huang CC, Chen PS, Lane HY, Yang YK, Lu RB. Impairment in Emotional Intelligence May Be Mood-Dependent in Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:597461. [PMID: 33679472 PMCID: PMC7931827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.597461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An emotional intelligence (EI) deficit has been noticed in euthymic bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) patients. However, whether this deficit is affected by mood or subtype is unclear. Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate whether an EI deficit is mood-dependent, and which mood symptoms have more impact on EI in BD. Methods: Two hundred and thirty participants aged between 18 and 65 years old were recruited [130 BD patients (51 bipolar I disorder (BDI) and 79 bipolar II disorder (BDII): 39.2% males; 91 healthy controls (HCs): 48.4% males)]. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), which contains experiential and strategic EI ratings, was used to assess social cognition. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used for evaluating the severity [HAMD and YMRS scores ≦7 were euthymic (BDeut) and HAMD YMRS sores ≧8 were episodic (BDepi)]. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed, with adjustment for background information between the BD patients and HCs. Results: The results showed that, compared to the HCs, the BDeut patients showed no difference in any MSCEIT measures, while the BDepi patients showed lower scores in all MSCEIT measures, except for perceiving emotions. In addition, a main effect of mood state instead of BD subtype was found for the managing emotions branch (p < 0.0007). Regression analyses showed that the duration of illness and HDRS scores were correlated with the scores in the strategic area of the MSCEIT, while age and YMRS scores were more relevant to the scores in the experiential area of the MSCEIT. Conclusion: The results confirm that an EI deficit is mood-dependent in BD patients. In addition, a depressive mood is more related to the strategic EI area, while a manic mood is correlated with the experiential EI area. Understanding the different domains of EI deficits in BD patients may be helpful for developing interventions for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychological Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Yanjiao Furen Hospital, Hebei, China
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26
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Furlong LS, Rossell SL, Caruana GF, Cropley VL, Hughes M, Van Rheenen TE. The activity and connectivity of the facial emotion processing neural circuitry in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:518-548. [PMID: 33142156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion processing abnormalities may be a trait feature of bipolar disorder (BD). These social cognitive impairments may be due to alterations in the neural processing of facial affective information in visual ("core"), and limbic and prefrontal ("extended") networks, however, the precise neurobiological mechanism(s) underlying these symptoms are unclear. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to appraise the literature on the activity and connectivity of the facial emotion processing neural circuitry in BD. Two reviewers undertook a search of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO, to identify relevant literature published since inception up until September 2019. Study eligibility criteria included; BD participants, neuroimaging, and facial emotion processing tasks. RESULTS Out of an initial yield of 6121 articles, 66 were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified differences in neural activity and connectivity within and between occipitotemporal, limbic, and prefrontal regions, in response to facial affective stimuli, in BD compared to healthy controls. LIMITATIONS The methodologies used across studies varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this review suggest abnormalities in both the activity and connectivity of facial emotion processing neural circuitry in BD. It is recommended that future research aims to further define the connectivity and spatiotemporal course of neural events within and between occipitotemporal, limbic, and prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia F Caruana
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
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27
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van Neerven T, Bos DJ, van Haren NE. Deficiencies in Theory of Mind in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A systematic review of secondary literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:249-261. [PMID: 33246019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in Theory of Mind (ToM) are consistently found in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the character of these deficits and their role in the pathogenesis of mental illness remains poorly understood. This systematic review synthesizes the available secondary literature pertaining to ToM functioning in individuals with MDD, BD, or SZ, and their respective spectrum disorders in order to delineate disorder or symptom specific patterns of ToM impairment. Literature suggests that ToM deficits increase in severity along the affective-psychotic spectrum, with mild deficits in patients with MDD, and severe deficits in patients with mania or psychosis. Furthermore, ToM deficits appear to be part of a broader developmental phenotype associated with SZ and BD, as suggested by findings of attenuated impairments in ToM in remitted patients with SZ or BD, unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and clinical high-risk groups. Future psychiatric research on ToM should aim to disentangle relationships between ToM deficits and specific symptom dimensions transdiagnostically, and employ standardized, construct-specific ToM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas van Neerven
- University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre, Department of psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dienke J Bos
- University Medical Centre Utrecht - Brain Centre, Department of psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Em van Haren
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of child and adolescent psychiatry/psychology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Liu YC, Tseng HH, Chang YH, Chang HH, Yang YK, Chen PS. The social cognitive ability in Han Chinese euthymic patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:S0929-6646(20)30472-1. [PMID: 34756401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Although social cognitive deficits were found in euthymic patients of bipolar disorder (BD), the characteristics of social cognition in Han Chinese euthymic BD patients remain obscure. This study aimed to examine social cognition in Han Chinese euthymic BD patients relative to healthy controls (HC). Moreover, we explore the differences in social cognition between euthymic BD I and BD II patients. METHODS 43 Han Chinese BD patients (BD-I:25, BD-II:18) and 28 HC were recruited. All patients were euthymic (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ≤ 7 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) ≤ 7). Social cognitive ability was measured using Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), including 4 branches: perceiving emotions, facilitating emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions. Continuous performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used to examine attention and executive function. RESULTS Significant difference in understanding emotions branch of MSCEIT was found between BD patients and HCs (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.005). Besides, BD patients had significantly worse performance in WCST and CPT. However, the differences in WCST, CPT, MSCEIT total scores and its subscales were not significant between BD I and BD II patients. CONCLUSION Euthymic Han Chinese BD patients exhibit significant social cognitive deficits in understanding emotion and cognitive dysfunction in attention and executive function. Furthermore, Han Chinese BD I patients showed similar social cognitive and general cognitive ability as compared with BD II patients. Social cognitive rehabilitation on both euthymic BD I and II patients should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal Hospital (managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Psychological Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Cognitive theory of mind in bipolar disorder: Comparisons with healthy controls and associations with function. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113030. [PMID: 32485485 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive forms of Theory of Mind (ToM) have been linked to social function in Bipolar Disorder (BD). To explore this social functioning was assessed with the GAF and cognitive ToM was assessed with the Hinting Task and the Picture Sequencing Task (PST) in 45 patients with BP and 45 healthy controls. As predicted, the BD group took longer to complete the PST. The BD group did not offer more incorrect responses to either cognitive ToM task. Greater latency on the PST predicted poorer social function after controlling for symptoms, partially supporting a relationship between ToM and social function in BD.
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30
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Kjærstad HL, Mistarz N, Coello K, Stanislaus S, Melbye SA, Harmer CJ, Vinberg M, Miskowiak K, Kessing LV. Aberrant cognition in newly diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1808-1819. [PMID: 31456531 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience persistent impairments in both affective and non-affective cognitive function, which is associated with a worse course of illness and poor functional outcomes. Nevertheless, the temporal progression of cognitive dysfunction in BD remains unclear and the identification of objective endophenotypes can inform the aetiology of BD. METHODS The present study is a cross-sectional investigation of cognitive baseline data from the longitudinal Bipolar Illness Onset-study. One hundred seventy-two remitted patients newly diagnosed with BD, 52 of their unaffected relatives (UR), and 110 healthy controls (HC) were compared on a large battery of behavioural cognitive tasks tapping into non-affective (i.e. neurocognitive) and affective (i.e. emotion processing and regulation) cognition. RESULTS Relative to HCs, patients with BD exhibited global neurocognitive deficits (ps < 0.001), as well as aberrant emotion processing and regulation (ps ⩽ 0.011); including decreased emotional reactivity to positive social scenarios, impaired ability to down-regulate positive emotion, as well as a specific deficit in the ability to recognise surprised facial expressions. Their URs also showed a trend towards difficulties identifying surprised faces (p = 0.075). No other differences in cognitive function were found for URs compared to HCs. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive deficits and impairments within emotion processing and regulation may be illness-related deficits of BD that present after illness-onset, whereas processing of emotional faces may represent an early risk marker of BD. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between cognitive impairments and illness progression in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolaj Mistarz
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klara Coello
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharleny Stanislaus
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigurd Arne Melbye
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Frajo-Apor B, Kemmler G, Pardeller S, Huber M, Macina C, Welte AS, Hoertnagl C, Hofer A. Emotional intelligence in bipolar-I-disorder: A comparison between patients, unaffected siblings, and control subjects. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e69. [PMID: 32594936 PMCID: PMC7443786 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in social and nonsocial cognition have been demonstrated in both patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) and their unaffected relatives and might therefore represent a heritable marker of risk. This study investigated the relevance of emotional intelligence (EI) as part of the emotion processing domain of social cognition in this regard. METHODS A total of 54 outpatients suffering from BD, 54 unaffected siblings, and 80 control subjects were investigated using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were performed with adjustment for the BACS composite score. The three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance or chi-square test, depending on the variable type. As the three groups differed significantly in their level of education, additional ANCOVAs with adjustment for education were performed. RESULTS Patients achieved significantly lower levels of overall EI and overall nonsocial cognitive functioning compared to unaffected siblings and controls, whereas performance of the latter two groups was comparable in both domains. CONCLUSIONS Due to comparable levels of EI in unaffected siblings of patients suffering from BD and control subjects, EI assessed by means of the MSCEIT does not represent an endophenotype for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Pardeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Brunico, 39031 Brunico, Italy
| | - Christian Macina
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Brunico, 39031 Brunico, Italy
| | - Anna-Sophia Welte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Hoertnagl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics: Division of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Szmulewicz A, Millett C, Shanahan M, Gunning F, Burdick K. Emotional processing subtypes in bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:194-200. [PMID: 32056876 PMCID: PMC8414557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the performance of Bipolar Disorder patients (BD) on Emotional Processing (EP) is conflicting, suggesting that heterogeneity within this population may exist. It is not completely understood if this impacts on clinical presentation and functional outcomes. METHODS A total of 212 BD patients were recruited. Patients underwent MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery as well as a clinical evaluation to detect premorbid traits, comorbidities and clinical features. Performance on each basic emotion on the Emotional Recognition Task (ERT) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test were entered into hierarchical cluster analyses in order to determine the number of clusters and to assign subjects to specific clusters. We then compared subgroups on clinical factors and real-world community functioning. RESULTS No differences between BD patients as a group and controls were found in EP performance. Two clusters of BD patients were found, one with "intact" performance (71.2%) that performed as healthy controls (HC) and other with "impaired" performance (28.8%) performing worse than HC and schizophrenic patients on basic emotion recognition. Patients in the "impaired group" presented higher rates of childhood trauma, schizotypal traits, lower premorbid IQ and education, poor psychosocial functioning and cognitive performance. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data which limits our ability to infer directionality of our findings. CONCLUSION These results suggest the presence of two subgroups regarding EP performance with unique clinical and neurodevelopmental profiles associated. Next steps will include using these data to identify a homogeneous group of patients to target these disabling symptoms with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Szmulewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C.E. Millett
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M. Shanahan
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,James J. Peters Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx, NY
| | - F. Gunning
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - K.E. Burdick
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,James J. Peters Veterans Administration Hospital, Bronx, NY,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
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33
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Brady RO, Beermann A, Nye M, Eack SM, Mesholam-Gately R, Keshavan MS, Lewandowski KE. Cerebellar-Cortical Connectivity Is Linked to Social Cognition Trans-Diagnostically. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:573002. [PMID: 33329111 PMCID: PMC7672118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.573002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychotic disorders are characterized by impairment in social cognitive processing, which is associated with poorer community functioning. However, the neural mechanisms of social impairment in psychosis remain unclear. Social impairment is a hallmark of other psychiatric illnesses as well, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and the nature and degree of social cognitive impairments across psychotic disorders and ASD are similar, suggesting that mechanisms that are known to underpin social impairments in ASD may also play a role in the impairments seen in psychosis. Specifically, in both humans and animal models of ASD, a cerebellar-parietal network has been identified that is directly related to social cognition and social functioning. In this study we examined social cognition and resting-state brain connectivity in people with psychosis and in neurotypical adults. We hypothesized that social cognition would be most strongly associated with cerebellar-parietal connectivity, even when using a whole-brain data driven approach. Methods: We examined associations between brain connectivity and social cognition in a trans-diagnostic sample of people with psychosis (n = 81) and neurotypical controls (n = 45). Social cognition was assessed using the social cognition domain score of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. We used a multivariate pattern analysis to correlate social cognition with resting-state functional connectivity at the individual voxel level. Results: This approach identified a circuit between right cerebellar Crus I, II and left parietal cortex as the strongest correlate of social cognitive performance. This connectivity-cognition result was observed in both people with psychotic disorders and in neurotypical adults. Conclusions: Using a data-driven whole brain approach we identified a cerebellar-parietal circuit that was robustly associated with social cognitive ability, consistent with findings from people with ASD and animal models. These findings suggest that this circuit may be marker of social cognitive impairment trans-diagnostically and support cerebellar-parietal connectivity as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Beermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Madelaine Nye
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Shaun M Eack
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Raquelle Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
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34
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Cullen B, Smith DJ, Deary IJ, Pell JP, Keyes KM, Evans JJ. Understanding cognitive impairment in mood disorders: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank cohort. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 215:683-690. [PMID: 31412972 PMCID: PMC7825642 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is strongly linked with persistent disability in people with mood disorders, but the factors that explain cognitive impairment in this population are unclear. AIMS To estimate the total effect of (a) bipolar disorder and (b) major depression on cognitive function, and the magnitude of the effect that is explained by potentially modifiable intermediate factors. METHOD Cross-sectional study using baseline data from the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorised as having bipolar disorder (n = 2709), major depression (n = 50 975) or no mood disorder (n = 102 931 and n = 105 284). The outcomes were computerised tests of reasoning, reaction time and memory. The potential mediators were cardiometabolic disease and psychotropic medication. Analyses were informed by graphical methods and controlled for confounding using regression, propensity score-based methods and G-computation. RESULTS Group differences of small magnitude were found on a visuospatial memory test. Z-score differences for the bipolar disorder group were in the range -0.23 to -0.17 (95% CI -0.39 to -0.03) across different estimation methods, and for the major depression group they were approximately -0.07 (95% CI -0.10 to -0.03). One-quarter of the effect was mediated via psychotropic medication in the bipolar disorder group (-0.05; 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01). No evidence was found for mediation via cardiometabolic disease. CONCLUSIONS In a large community-based sample in middle to early old age, bipolar disorder and depression were associated with lower visuospatial memory performance, in part potentially due to psychotropic medication use. Mood disorders and their treatments will have increasing importance for population cognitive health as the proportion of older adults continues to grow. DECLARATION OF INTEREST I.J.D. is a UK Biobank participant. J.P.P. is a member of the UK Biobank Steering Committee.
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35
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Frøyhaug M, Andersson S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Vaskinn A. Theory of mind in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Hinting Task. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:454-469. [PMID: 31578118 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1674645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction: The quality of measures used to assess theory of mind (ToM) in severe mental illness has not been sufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Hinting Task in schizophrenia, bipolar I and II disorder and healthy controls.Methods: The study included 90 patients and 183 healthy controls. Internal consistency, ceiling effects, discriminatory power and concurrent and construct validity were investigated.Results: The Hinting Task displayed adequate levels of internal consistency for schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Ceiling effects emerged in all groups except the schizophrenia group. Schizophrenia patients scored significantly lower than all other groups, but no other significant group differences were detected. In the schizophrenia group, the Hinting Task's concurrent validity was substantiated by significant correlations with measures of neurocognition, symptoms and functional capacity. In the bipolar disorder groups, however, only a few significant relationships were found. Correlations between the Hinting Task and a measure of emotion recognition indicated that construct validity was higher for schizophrenia than bipolar disorder.Conclusions: The results suggest that the Norwegian Hinting Task is suited for use in schizophrenia research and assessment, but caution is warranted when using the test for other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Frøyhaug
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Eddy CM. What Do You Have in Mind? Measures to Assess Mental State Reasoning in Neuropsychiatric Populations. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:425. [PMID: 31354534 PMCID: PMC6636467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interaction is closely associated with both functional capacity and well-being. Previous research has not only revealed evidence of social dysfunction in individuals with a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders but also generated an abundance of potential measures for assessing social cognition. This review explores the most popular measures used within neuropsychiatric populations to investigate the ability to recognize or reason about the mental states of others. Measures are also critically analyzed in terms of strengths and limitations to aid task selection in future clinical studies. The most frequently applied assessment tools use verbal, visual or audiovisual forms of presentation and assess recognition of mental states from facial features, self-rated empathy, the understanding of other's cognitive mental states such as beliefs and intentions, or the ability to combine knowledge of other's thoughts and emotions in order to understand subtle communications or socially inappropriate behavior. Key weaknesses of previous research include limited investigation of relationships with clinical symptoms, and underutilization of measures of everyday social functioning that offer a useful counterpart to traditional "lab" tasks. Future studies should aim to carefully select measures not only based on the range of skills to be assessed but also taking into account potential difficulties with interpretation and the need to gain insight into the application of social cognitive skills as well as ability per se. Some of the best measures include those with well-matched control trials (e.g., Yoni Task) or those that restrict the influence of verbal deficits (e.g., intentions comic strip task), elicit spontaneous mentalizing (e.g., Animations Task), and possess greater ecological validity (e.g., Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition). Social cognitive research within psychiatric populations will be further enhanced through the development of more closely matched control tasks, and the exploration of relationships between task performance, medication, strategy use, and broader emotional and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. Eddy
- Research and Innovation, BSMHFT National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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37
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Varo C, Jiménez E, Solé B, Bonnín CM, Torrent C, Lahera G, Benabarre A, Saiz PA, de la Fuente L, Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Reinares M. Social cognition in bipolar disorder: the role of sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables in emotional intelligence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:369-380. [PMID: 30786002 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aims of this study were to examine the differences in the Emotional Intelligence (EI), the emotional domain of social cognition (SC), between euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the contribution of sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychological variables to EI. METHODS We recruited 202 patients with BD and 50 HC. EI was evaluated using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). The sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables that showed a significant association with EI were entered into hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS BD patients obtained significantly lower scores compared to HC in the Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ) and in the Understanding Emotions branch score. The best fitting model for the variables associated with EI in the patients group was a linear combination of gender, estimated IQ, family history of affective diagnosis, and executive function. The model, including these previous variables, explained up to 27.6% of the observed variance (R2 = 0.276, F = 16.406, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The identification of variables associated with deficit in EI, such as male gender, lower estimated IQ, family history of affective diagnosis. and lower executive function performance, may help in selecting treatment targets to improve SC, and especially EI, in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Jiménez
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Lahera
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, IRyCIS, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P A Saiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - L de la Fuente
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Reinares
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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38
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Szmulewicz AG, Lomastro MJ, Valerio MP, Igoa A, Martino DJ. Social cognition in first episode bipolar disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:551-554. [PMID: 30616122 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe theory of mind (ToM) and emotional processing (EP) functioning in recently diagnosed bipolar disorder (BD). We evaluated 26 first episode BD (mean age 22.9 ± 7.4) and 26 controls matched on age, gender, education, and premorbid intelligence. A significant poorer performance on the capacity of patients to infer other's intentions (cognitive ToM) that was partially independent from neurocognitive deficits (p < 0.01) as well as a lower recognition of fear was observed among patients. No significant association between any of these deficits and psychosocial functioning emerged in multivariate regression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro G Szmulewicz
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neurosciences Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Marina P Valerio
- Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiatricas Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Igoa
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neurosciences Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiatricas Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Neurosciences Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thonse U, Behere RV, Praharaj SK, Sharma PSVN. Facial emotion recognition, socio-occupational functioning and expressed emotions in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:354-360. [PMID: 29674226 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion recognition deficits have been consistently demonstrated in patients with severe mental disorders. Expressed emotion is found to be an important predictor of relapse. However, the relationship between facial emotion recognition abilities and expressed emotions and its influence on socio-occupational functioning in schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder has not been studied. In this study we examined 91 patients with schizophrenia and 71 with bipolar disorder for psychopathology, socio occupational functioning and emotion recognition abilities. Primary caregivers of 62 patients with schizophrenia and 49 with bipolar disorder were assessed on Family Attitude Questionnaire to assess their expressed emotions. Patients of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder performed similarly on the emotion recognition task. Patients with schizophrenia group experienced higher critical comments and had a poorer socio-occupational functioning as compared to patients with bipolar disorder. Poorer socio-occupational functioning in patients with schizophrenia was significantly associated with greater dissatisfaction in their caregivers. In patients with bipolar disorder, poorer emotion recognition scores significantly correlated with poorer adaptive living skills and greater hostility and dissatisfaction in their caregivers. The findings of our study suggest that emotion recognition abilities in patients with bipolar disorder are associated with negative expressed emotions leading to problems in adaptive living skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Thonse
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Rishikesh V Behere
- KEM Hospital and Research Center, 489, Rastapeth, Sardar Moodaliar Road, Pune 411011, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Fijtman A, Czepielewski LS, Souza ACML, Felder P, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Bücker J. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Emotional Memory Scale. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018; 40:61-65. [PMID: 29668819 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Emotional memory is an important type of memory that is triggered by positive and negative emotions. It is characterized by an enhanced memory for emotional stimuli which is usually coupled with a decrease in memory of neutral preceding events. Emotional memory is strongly associated with amygdala function and therefore could be disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, there is no translated and culturally adapted instrument for the Brazilian Portuguese speaking population to assess emotional memory. Objective To report the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Emotional Memory Scale, originally published by Strange et al. in 2003. Methods The author of the original scale provided 36 lists with 16 words each. Translation was performed by three independent bilingual translators. Healthy subjects assessed how semantically related each word was within the list (0 to 10) and what the emotional valence of each word was (-6 to +6). Lists without negative words were excluded (negative selection), most positive and most unrelated words were excluded (positive and semantic selection, respectively), and lists with low semantic relationship were excluded (semantic assessment). Results Five lists were excluded during negative selection, four words from each list were excluded in positive and semantic selection, and 11 lists were excluded during semantic assessment. Finally, we reached 20 lists of semantically related words; each list had one negative word and 11 neutral words. Conclusion A scale is now available to evaluate emotional memory in the Brazilian population and requires further validation on its psychometrics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fijtman
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul Felder
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joana Bücker
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Thibaudeau É, Cellard C, Legendre M, Villeneuve K, Achim AM. Reliability of two social cognition tests: The combined stories test and the social knowledge test. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:63-69. [PMID: 29407571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition are common in psychiatric disorders. Validated social cognition measures with good psychometric properties are necessary to assess and target social cognitive deficits. Two recent social cognition tests, the Combined Stories Test (COST) and the Social Knowledge Test (SKT), respectively assess theory of mind and social knowledge. Previous studies have shown good psychometric properties for these tests, but the test-retest reliability has never been documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and the inter-rater reliability of the COST and the SKT. The COST and the SKT were administered twice to a group of forty-two healthy adults, with a delay of approximately four weeks between the assessments. Excellent test-retest reliability was observed for the COST, and a good test-retest reliability was observed for the SKT. There was no evidence of practice effect. Furthermore, an excellent inter-rater reliability was observed for both tests. This study shows a good reliability of the COST and the SKT that adds to the good validity previously reported for these two tests. These good psychometrics properties thus support that the COST and the SKT are adequate measures for the assessment of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Thibaudeau
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Caroline Cellard
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Maxime Legendre
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Karèle Villeneuve
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
| | - Amélie M Achim
- CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, G1J 2G3 Québec, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, local 4873, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada.
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Bora E. Neurocognitive features in clinical subgroups of bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:125-134. [PMID: 29306692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a significant cognitive heterogeneity in bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the potential distinctive neuropsychological of features of clinical subgroups of BD. A literature search investigating cognitive differences between potential subtypes of BD was conducted. METHODS It was possible to conduct a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between cognitive deficits and subgroups of DSM-IV BD (type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II)), subgroups based on history of psychosis (PBD and NPBD). The cognitive domains investigated in this meta-analysis included verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, executive functions speed (EF-speed), EF-accuracy, attention, working memory, social cognition. Current meta-analysis included 48 reports and compared cognitive performances of 1211 BD-I and 836 BD-II patients. It also compared cognitive functioning in 1017 PBD and 744 NPBD patients. RESULTS Both history of psychosis (d = 0.19) and BD-I (d = 0.17) diagnosis were associated with modestly more pronounced global cognitive impairment. In specific domains, BD-I significantly underperformed BD-II in verbal memory, processing speed, EF-speed, EF-accuracy (d = 0.15-0.26). PBD was associated with significantly impaired cognition compared to NPBD in verbal memory, processing speed, EF-speed, EF-accuracy, working memory and social cognition (d = 0.12-0.28). CONCLUSION In BD, history of psychosis and full-manic episode are modestly associated with increased cognitive deficits. Neurocognitive differences between clinical subtypes of BD are quite subtle and are not distinctive. Furthermore, other factors reflecting differences in illness severity can explain observed between-group differences. Most of the cognitive heterogeneity in BD cannot be explained by proposed subtypes of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia.
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Bodnar A, Rybakowski JK. Mentalization deficit in bipolar patients during an acute depressive and manic episode: association with cognitive functions. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:38. [PMID: 29209876 PMCID: PMC6155478 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies in bipolar patients have shown a deficit in mentalization (theory of mind), one of the main aspects of social cognition. The aim of current study was to assess both cognitive and affective mentalization in well-defined groups of depressed and manic bipolar patients, compared to healthy control subjects, using a battery of tests measuring mentalization processes. The second aim was to investigate a possible relationship between cognitive and affective mentalization and cognitive functions in bipolar patients during a depressive and manic episode. Methods The study involved 25 bipolar disorder type I patients (10 male, 15 female) during a depressive episode (mean 24 ± 2 points in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and 25 patients (10 male, 15 female) during a manic episode (mean 27 ± 4 points in the Young Mania Rating Scale). The control group consisted of 25 healthy subjects (10 male, 15 female) without psychiatric disorders. To measure mentalization, a revised version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (R-MET), the Strange Stories (SS), the Faux Pas Recognition (FPR), and the Moving Shapes Paradigm (MSP) tests were used. Assessment of cognitive functioning was made using the Digit Span, Trail Making, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests. Results In bipolar patients significant deficits in both cognitive and affective mentalization were demonstrated during both acute depressive and manic episodes. The impairment in FPR in manic patients was more severe than that in the depressive ones. On the other hand, in MSP, manic patients showed significantly increased intentionality for non-mentalization animations, compared with depressive patients and for “cause and effect” animations compared with control subjects. A significant relationship was found between the decrease in cognitive and affective mentalization and deficits of cognitive functions during both the depressive and manic episodes. Conclusions The results obtained confirm the deficits of mentalization in bipolar I patients, during both acute depressive and manic episodes. We found that in such patients mentalization deficits significantly correlated with cognitive dysfunctions more so during depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bodnar
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul.Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul.Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland.
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Popolo R, Smith E, Lysaker PH, Lestingi K, Cavallo F, Melchiorre L, Santone C, Dimaggio G. Metacognitive profiles in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Comparisons with healthy controls and correlations with negative symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:45-50. [PMID: 28719831 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While deficits in metacognition, or the ability to notice and reflect upon mental states has been observed in schizophrenia and linked with poorer concurrent and future function, it is unknown whether these deficits are unique to schizophrenia. Accordingly, this study assessed metacognition using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire- 30 (MCQ-30) among 26 adults with schizophrenia, 23 with bipolar disorder and 23 healthy controls. Symptom levels of the psychiatric groups were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. ANCOVA controlling for age and education revealed that the schizophrenia group had lower scores on the MAS-A total and its subscales compared to the bipolar group and healthy controls. The bipolar disorder group also had lower MAS-A scores than the healthy control group. No group differences were found for the MCQ-30. Examination of symptom correlates revealed MAS-A scores were most commonly related to negative symptoms in both clinical groups. The total score and need for control subscale of MCQ-30 was related to total symptomatology and positive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Correlations between the two measures of metacognition revealed that higher MAS-A scores were significantly related to lower scores on the Need to Control Thoughts MCQ-30 subscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Popolo
- Center for Metacognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy; Studi Cognitivi, Modena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Varo C, Jimenez E, Solé B, Bonnín CM, Torrent C, Valls E, Morilla I, Lahera G, Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Reinares M. Social cognition in bipolar disorder: Focus on emotional intelligence. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:210-217. [PMID: 28427032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to characterize emotional intelligence (EI) variability in a sample of euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients through the Mayer- Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). METHOD A total of 134 euthymic BD outpatients were recruited and divided into three groups according to the total Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ) score of the MSCEIT, following a statistical criterion of scores 1.5SDs above/below the normative group mean, as follows: a low performance (LP) group (EIQ <85), a normal performance (NP) group (85≤EIQ≤115), and a high performance (HP) group (EIQ >115). Afterwards, main sociodemographic, clinical, functional and neurocognitive variables were compared between the groups. RESULTS Three groups were identified: 1) LP group (n=16, 12%), 2) NP group (n=93, 69%) and 3) HP group (n=25, 19%). There were significant differences between the groups in premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) (p=0.010), axis II comorbidity (p=0.008), subthreshold depressive symptoms (p=0.027), general functioning (p=0.013) and in four specific functional domains: autonomy, occupation, interpersonal relations and leisure time. Significant differences in neurocognitive performance were found between groups with the LP group showing the lowest attainments. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that EI variability among BD patients, assessed through MSCEIT, is lower than expected. EI could be associated with premorbid IQ, subthreshold depressive symptoms, neurocognitive performance and general functioning. The identification of different profiles of SC may help guide specific interventions for distinct patient subgroups aimed at improving social cognition, neurocognitive performance and psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Varo
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Jimenez
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Solé
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Valls
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Morilla
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Lahera
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, IRyCIS, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Reinares
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Solé B, Jiménez E, Torrent C, Reinares M, Bonnin CDM, Torres I, Varo C, Grande I, Valls E, Salagre E, Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Carvalho AF, Vieta E. Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:670-680. [PMID: 28498954 PMCID: PMC5570032 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing appreciation of the importance of identifying and treating cognitive impairment associated with bipolar disorder, since it persists in remission periods. Evidence indicates that neurocognitive dysfunction may significantly influence patients' psychosocial outcomes. An ever-increasing body of research seeks to achieve a better understanding of potential moderators contributing to cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder in order to develop prevention strategies and effective treatments. This review provides an overview of the available data from studies examining treatments for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder as well as potential novel treatments, from both pharmacological and psychological perspectives. All these data encourage the development of further studies to find effective strategies to prevent and treat cognitive impairment associated with bipolar disorder. These efforts may ultimately lead to an improvement of psychosocial functioning in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Solé
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Carla Torrent
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Maria Reinares
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Imma Torres
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Cristina Varo
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Iria Grande
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Elia Valls
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Estela Salagre
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Jose Sanchez-Moreno
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - André F Carvalho
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (Drs Sole, Jimenez, Torrent, Reinares, del Mar Bonnin, Torres, Varo, Grande, Valls, Salagre, Sanchez-Moreno, Martinez-Aran, and Vieta); Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil (Dr Carvalho)
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Soraggi-Frez C, Santos FH, Albuquerque PB, Malloy-Diniz LF. Disentangling Working Memory Functioning in Mood States of Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2017; 8:574. [PMID: 28491042 PMCID: PMC5405335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) deficits are often reported in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD). However, it is not clear about the nature of these WM deficits (update or serial order processes) and their association with each BD states (euthymic, mania, and depressive). This review investigated the association between BD patient's states and the functioning of WM components. For this purpose, we carried out a systematic review fulfilling a search in the databases Medline, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science using specific terms in the abstracts of the articles that generated 212 outcomes in the restricted period from 2005 to 2016. Twenty-three papers were selected, completely read, and analyzed using PICOS strategy. The mood episodes predicted deficits in different components of WM in BD patients (the phonological loop or visuospatial sketchpad) and were associated with different WM processes (updating and serial recall). Lower cognitive scores persist even in remission of symptoms. This result suggests that WM deficit apparently is stage-independent in BD patients. Furthermore, findings suggest that the neutral point on Hedonic Detector component of WM could be maladjusted by BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soraggi-Frez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia H Santos
- School of Psychology (CIPsi), University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | | | - Leandro F Malloy-Diniz
- Department of Mental Health, National Science and Technology Institutes (INCT-MM), Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bora E, Özerdem A. Social cognition in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:293-300. [PMID: 28284777 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is evident euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BP) and in their first-degree relatives (BP-Rel). Increasing evidence suggests that BP is also associated with social cognitive impairment. It is important to establish whether social cognitive impairment is also evident in BP-Rel. A novel meta-analysis of theory of mind (ToM) and facial emotion recognition in BP-Rel including 16 studies (728 first-degree relatives of patients with BP and 865 healthy controls) was conducted. ToM (d=0.34, CI=0.16-0.52) was significantly impaired in BP-Rel. The effect size for the difference between BP-Rel and healthy controls was smaller for facial emotion recognition (d=0.17, CI=0.16-0.29) and could be nonsignificant after the effect of publication bias was taken into account. First-degree relatives of patients with BP underperform healthy subjects in social cognitive abilities, particularly in ToM. However, the effect size for between-group difference is small. ToM impairment might be a vulnerability marker of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia.
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Izmir, Turkey
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Aparicio A, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Bagney A, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Sánchez-Morla EM. Emotion processing and psychosocial functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:339-350. [PMID: 28188631 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine emotion processing in euthymic bipolar patients (EBP) compared to healthy controls. In addition, to determine whether or not there is an association between emotion processing and psychosocial functioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 60 EBP and 60 healthy controls matched for age, gender, education level, and premorbid intelligence were studied. All subjects were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and two additional executive function measures: the Trail Making Test-Part B and the Stroop Test. Emotion processing was examined using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST). RESULTS Euthymic bipolar patients obtained lower scores than controls in all MSCEIT measures except for the using emotions branch. Likewise, EBP obtained a worse performance than healthy controls in all neurocognitive domains. Correlation between MSCEIT strategic area measures and FAST total score was found (r = -0.311; P < 0.016). Regression analysis showed that residual depressive symptomatology explains a 9.1% of the variance in functional outcome. MSCEIT strategic area score explained an additional 8.6%. Neurocognition did not increase the percentage of the variance explained by emotion processing. CONCLUSIONS Euthymic bipolar patients exhibit deficits in emotion processing. Emotion processing is associated with social functioning in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aparicio
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Santos
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-López
- Departmentof Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bagney
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - E M Sánchez-Morla
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
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Bilderbeck AC, Atkinson LZ, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Harmer CJ. The effects of medication and current mood upon facial emotion recognition: findings from a large bipolar disorder cohort study. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:320-326. [PMID: 27678089 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116668594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotional processing abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) but studies are typically small and uncontrolled. Here, facial expression recognition was explored in a large and naturalistically recruited cohort of BD patients. METHODS 271 patients with BD completed the facial expression recognition task. The effects of current medication together with the influence of current mood state and diagnostic subtype were assessed whilst controlling for the effects of demographic variables. RESULTS Patients who were currently receiving treatment with lithium demonstrated significantly poorer accuracy in recognising angry faces, an effect that held in a monotherapy sub-analysis comparing those participants on lithium only and those who were medication-free. Accuracy in recognising angry faces was also lower amongst participants currently taking dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics). Higher levels of current depressive symptoms were linked to poorer accuracy at identifying happy faces. CONCLUSION Use of lithium and possibly dopamine antagonists may be associated with reduced processing of anger cues in BD. Findings support the existence of mood-congruent negative biases associated with depressive symptoms in BD. Observational cohort studies provide opportunities to explore the substantial effects of demographic, psychometric and clinical variables on cognitive performance and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guy M Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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