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Palonen M, Turja T, Castano de la Rosa R, Ilomäki S, Kaasalainen T, Kivimäki Rantanen K, Pelsmakers S, Ruusuvuori J, Valtonen A, Kaunonen M. Learning from fall-related interventions for older people at home: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:76-82. [PMID: 37713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aims to provide a better understanding about the fall-related interventions, and the conditions which stand out as effective in decreasing fall risks of older people at home. A total of 28 peer-reviewed papers were included when they reported interventions with an incidence of falls or fall-risk as a primary outcome for older people, focusing on the home environment, from 8 databases. Qualitative examination was complemented by quantitative risk ratio analysis where it was feasible. The interventions regarding incidence of falls had a mean risk rate of 0.75; moreover, interventions using multiple strategies were found relatively successful. The interventions regarding fall risk had a mean hazard rate of 0.66. A considerable number of no-effect ratios were evident. Combining education, home assessment or improvement, and use of technology with implementation by health service experts appears to be the most promising intervention strategy to reduce falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Palonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tuuli Turja
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sakari Ilomäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Kaasalainen
- Faculty of Built Environment, Unit of Architecture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sofie Pelsmakers
- Faculty of Built Environment, Unit of Architecture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ruusuvuori
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Valtonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; The Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, Hospital services, Tampere, Finland
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Burkhouse KL, Kujawa A. Annual Research Review: Emotion processing in offspring of mothers with depression diagnoses - a systematic review of neural and physiological research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:583-607. [PMID: 36511171 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of the intergenerational transmission of depression emphasize alterations in emotion processing among offspring of depressed mothers as a key risk mechanism, raising questions about biological processes contributing to these alterations. The objective of this systematic annual research review was to examine and integrate studies of the associations between maternal depression diagnoses and offspring's emotion processing from birth through adolescence across biological measures including autonomic psychophysiology, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), event-related potentials (ERP), and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 standards. A systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo and PubMed in 2022 for studies that included, 1) mothers with and without DSM-defined depressive disorders assessed via a clinical or diagnostic interview, and 2) measures of offspring emotion processing assessed at the psychophysiological or neural level between birth and 18 years of age. RESULTS Findings from 64 studies indicated that young offspring of mothers with depression histories exhibit heightened corticolimbic activation to negative emotional stimuli, reduced left frontal brain activation, and reduced ERP and mesocorticolimbic responses to reward cues compared to offspring of never-depressed mothers. Further, activation of resting-state networks involved in affective processing differentiate offspring of depressed relative to nondepressed mothers. Some of these alterations were only apparent among youth of depressed mothers exposed to negative environmental contexts or exhibiting current emotional problems. Further, some of these patterns were observable in infancy, reflecting very early emerging vulnerabilities. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides evidence that maternal depression is associated with alterations in emotion processing across several biological units of analysis in offspring. We present a preliminary conceptual model of the role of deficient emotion processing in pathways from maternal depression to offspring psychopathology and discuss future research avenues addressing limitations of the existing research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Burkhouse
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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The Role of Genetics in the Development and Pharmacotherapy of Depression and Its Impact on Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032946. [PMID: 36769269 PMCID: PMC9917784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex disorders, such as depression, remain a mystery for scientists. Although genetic factors are considered important for the prediction of one's vulnerability, it is hard to estimate the exact risk for a patient to develop depression, based only on one category of vulnerability criteria. Genetic factors also regulate drug metabolism, and when they are identified in a specific combination, may result in increased drug resistance. A proper understanding of the genetic basis of depression assists in the development of novel promising medications and effective disorder management schemes. This review aims to analyze the recent literature focusing on the correlation between specific genes and the occurrence of depression. Moreover, certain aspects targeting a high drug resistance identified among patients suffering from major depressive disorder were highlighted in this manuscript. An expected direction of future drug discovery campaigns was also discussed.
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Cranial electrotherapy stimulation alleviates depression-like behavior of post-stroke depression rats by upregulating GPX4-mediated BDNF expression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114117. [PMID: 36116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate whether cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) improves depression-like behavior of post-stroke depression (PSD) via regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) were used to develop a rat PSD model. CES was applied, and RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) was injected into the hippocampus to inhibit GPX4 in PSD rats. The depression behavior was detected by sucrose preference and forced swimming tests. The structure and morphology of the hippocampus were observed and analyzed by histopathological hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of GPX4 and BDNF in the hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.The degeneration and necrosis of hippocampal neurons, the depression-like behavior were severer and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus were decreased in PSD rats than those in MCAO and control groups. CES promoted the hippocampal neuron repair, alleviated the depression-like behavior and increased the expression of BDNF in PSD rats. The inhibition of GPX4 by RSL3 exacerbated the depression-like behavior and decreased the expression of BDNF in PSD rats. In addition, we found that RSL3 disrupted the positive effects of CES on the PSD rats. Conclusion: CES improves depression-like behavior of PSD rats through upregulation of GPX4-mediated BDNF expression in the hippocampus.
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Resting state functional connectivity as a marker of internalizing disorder onset in high-risk youth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21337. [PMID: 36494495 PMCID: PMC9734132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While research has linked alterations in functional connectivity of the default mode (DMN), cognitive control (CCN), and salience networks (SN) to depression and anxiety, little research has examined whether these alterations may be premorbid vulnerabilities. This study examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the CCN, DMN, and SN as markers of risk for developing an onset of a depressive or anxiety disorder in adolescents at high familial risk for these disorders. At baseline, 135 participants aged 11-17 completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, measures of internalizing symptoms, and diagnostic interviews to assess history of depressive and anxiety disorders. Diagnostic assessments were completed again at 9- or 18-month follow-up for 112 participants. At baseline, increased CCN connectivity to areas of the visual network, and decreased connectivity between the left SN and the precentral gyrus, predicted an increased likelihood of a new onset at follow-up. Increased connectivity between the right SN and postcentral gyrus at baseline predicted first episode onsets at follow-up. Altered connectivity between these regions may represent a risk factor for developing a clinically significant onset of an internalizing disorder. Results may have implications for understanding the neural bases of internalizing disorders for early identification and prevention efforts.
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Groenewold NA, Wedderburn CJ, Pellowski JA, Fouché JP, Michalak L, Roos A, Woods RP, Narr KL, Zar HJ, Donald KA, Stein DJ. Subcortical brain volumes in young infants exposed to antenatal maternal depression: Findings from a South African birth cohort. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103206. [PMID: 36162238 PMCID: PMC9668606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported enlarged amygdala and smaller hippocampus volumes in children and adolescents exposed to maternal depression. It is unclear whether similar volumetric differences are detectable in the infants' first weeks of life, following exposure in utero. We investigated subcortical volumes in 2-to-6 week old infants exposed to antenatal maternal depression (AMD) from a South African birth cohort. METHODS AMD was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) at 28-32 weeks gestation. T2-weighted structural images were acquired during natural sleep on a 3T Siemens Allegra scanner. Subcortical regions were segmented based on the University of North Carolina neonatal brain atlas. Volumetric estimates were compared between AMD-exposed (BDI-II ⩾ 20) and unexposed (BDI-II < 14) infants, adjusted for age, sex and total intracranial volume using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Larger volumes were observed in AMD-exposed (N = 49) compared to unexposed infants (N = 75) for the right amygdala (1.93% difference, p = 0.039) and bilateral caudate nucleus (left: 5.79% difference, p = 0.001; right: 6.09% difference, p < 0.001). A significant AMD-by-sex interaction was found for the hippocampus (left: F(1,118) = 4.80, p = 0.030; right: F(1,118) = 5.16, p = 0.025), reflecting greater volume in AMD-exposed females (left: 5.09% difference, p = 0.001, right: 3.54% difference, p = 0.010), but not males. CONCLUSIONS Volumetric differences in subcortical regions can be detected in AMD-exposed infants soon after birth, suggesting structural changes may occur in utero. Female infants might exhibit volumetric changes that are not observed in male infants. The potential mechanisms underlying these early volumetric differences, and their significance for long-term child mental health, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author at: UCT Neuroscience Centre, E-Floor, Room 34, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Catherine J. Wedderburn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Pellowski
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouché
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liza Michalak
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annerine Roos
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,SA-MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,SA-MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kim JU, Bessette KL, Westlund-Schreiner M, Pocius S, Dillahunt AK, Frandsen S, Thomas L, Easter R, Skerrett K, Stange JP, Welsh RC, Langenecker SA, Koppelmans V. Relations of gray matter volume to dimensional measures of cognition and affect in mood disorders. Cortex 2022; 156:57-70. [PMID: 36191367 PMCID: PMC10150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between brain measurements and behavioral performance is an important step in developing approaches for early identification of any psychiatric difficulties and interventions to modify these challenges. Conventional methods to identify associations between regional brain volume and behavioral measures are not optimized, either in scale, scope, or specificity. To find meaningful associations between brain and behavior with greater sensitivity and precision, we applied data-driven factor analytic models to identify and extract individual differences in latent cognitive functions embedded across several computerized cognitive tasks. Furthermore, we simultaneously utilized a keyword-based neuroimaging meta-analytic tool (i.e., NeuroSynth), restricted atlas-parcel matching, and factor-analytic models to narrow down the scope of search and to further aggregate gray matter volume (GMV) data into empirical clusters. We recruited an early adult community cross-sectional sample (Total n = 177, age 18-30) that consisted of individuals with no history of any mood disorder (healthy controls, n = 44), those with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD, n = 104), and those with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder currently in euthymic state (eBP, n = 29). Study participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and separately completed behavioral testing using computerized measures. Factor-analyzing five computerized tasks used to assess aspects of cognitive and affective processing resulted in seven latent dimensions: (a) Emotional Memory, (b) Interference Resolution, (c) Reward Sensitivity, (d) Complex Inhibitory Control, (e) Facial Emotion Sensitivity, (f) Sustained attention, and (g)Simple Impulsivity/Response Style. These seven dimensions were then labeled with specific keywords which were used to create neuroanatomical maps using NeuroSynth. These masks were further subdivided into GMV clusters. Using regression, we identified GMV clusters that were predictive of individual differences across each of the aforementioned seven cognitive dimensions. We demonstrate that a dimensional approach consistent with core principles of RDoC can be utilized to identify structural variability predictive of critical dimensions of human behavior.
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Yao Z, Barrow K. The role of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the family functioning-internet addiction symptoms link. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 164:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Rhythm and blues: Influence of CLOCK T3111C on peripheral electrophysiological indicators of negative affective processing. Physiol Behav 2020; 219:112831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Langenecker SA, Crane NA, Jenkins LM, Phan KL, Klumpp H. Pathways to Neuroprediction: Opportunities and challenges to prediction of treatment response in depression. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2018; 5:48-60. [PMID: 29892518 PMCID: PMC5992916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We set out to review the current state of science in neuroprediction, using biological measures of brain function, with task based fMRI to prospectively predict response to a variety of treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Task-based fMRI neuroprediction studies are balanced between whole brain and ROI specific analyses. The predominant tasks are emotion processing, with ROIs based upon amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate gyrus, both within the salience and emotion network. A rapidly emerging new area of neuroprediction is of disease course and illness recurrence. Concerns include use of open-label and single arm studies, lack of consideration of placebo effects, unbalanced adjustments for multiple comparisons (over focus on type I error), small sample sizes, unreported effect sizes, overreliance on ROI studies. SUMMARY There is a need to adjust neuroprediction study reporting so that greater coherence can facilitate meta analyses, and increased funding for more multiarm studies in neuroprediction.
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Pathways to Neuroprediction: Opportunities and Challenges to Prediction of Treatment Response in Depression. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-018-0140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Norcross PL, Leerkes EM, Zhou N. Examining pathways linking maternal depressive symptoms in infancy to children's behavior problems: The role of maternal unresponsiveness and negative behaviors. Infant Behav Dev 2017; 49:238-247. [PMID: 28987984 PMCID: PMC5716881 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which maternal depressive symptoms in the first 6 months of life is linked with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood through specific insensitive maternal behaviors (unresponsive and overtly negative behaviors) was examined in a sample of 259 mother-infant dyads. In addition, the extent to which these paths were moderated by infant negative emotionality was also examined. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed prenatally and when infants were 6 months and 2 years old. Maternal unresponsive and overtly negative behaviors and infant negative emotionality were observed when infants were 6 months old. Mothers reported on infant's internalizing and externalizing behaviors when infants were 2 years old. Maternal depressive symptoms were directly associated with higher internalizing behaviors; this path was not mediated by maternal behaviors. Depressive symptoms were unrelated to externalizing symptoms. Infant negative emotionality did not moderate these effects, but was related positively to overtly negative maternal behaviors, and temperament interacted with maternal depressive symptoms to predict unresponsive maternal behaviors. Results suggest that early maternal depressive symptoms, infant negative emotionality, and negative maternal behavior pose risk for infants' later internalizing behaviors, but the proposed moderated mediation model was not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
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Savage JE, Sawyers C, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM. The genetics of anxiety-related negative valence system traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:156-177. [PMID: 27196537 PMCID: PMC5349709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domain of negative valence systems (NVS) captures constructs of negative affect such as fear and distress traditionally subsumed under the various internalizing disorders. Through its aims to capture dimensional measures that cut across diagnostic categories and are linked to underlying neurobiological systems, a large number of phenotypic constructs have been proposed as potential research targets. Since "genes" represent a central "unit of analysis" in the RDoC matrix, it is important for studies going forward to apply what is known about the genetics of these phenotypes as well as fill in the gaps of existing knowledge. This article reviews the extant genetic epidemiological data (twin studies, heritability) and molecular genetic association findings for a broad range of putative NVS phenotypic measures. We find that scant genetic epidemiological data is available for experimentally derived measures such as attentional bias, peripheral physiology, or brain-based measures of threat response. The molecular genetic basis of NVS phenotypes is in its infancy, since most studies have focused on a small number of candidate genes selected for putative association to anxiety disorders (ADs). Thus, more research is required to provide a firm understanding of the genetic aspects of anxiety-related NVS constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Iacono WG, Malone SM, Vrieze SI. Endophenotype best practices. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 111:115-144. [PMID: 27473600 PMCID: PMC5219856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the current state of electrophysiological endophenotype research and recommends best practices that are based on knowledge gleaned from the last decade of molecular genetic research with complex traits. Endophenotype research is being oversold for its potential to help discover psychopathology relevant genes using the types of small samples feasible for electrophysiological research. This is largely because the genetic architecture of endophenotypes appears to be very much like that of behavioral traits and disorders: they are complex, influenced by many variants (e.g., tens of thousands) within many genes, each contributing a very small effect. Out of over 40 electrophysiological endophenotypes covered by our review, only resting heart, a measure that has received scant advocacy as an endophenotype, emerges as an electrophysiological variable with verified associations with molecular genetic variants. To move the field forward, investigations designed to discover novel variants associated with endophenotypes will need extremely large samples best obtained by forming consortia and sharing data obtained from genome wide arrays. In addition, endophenotype research can benefit from successful molecular genetic studies of psychopathology by examining the degree to which these verified psychopathology-relevant variants are also associated with an endophenotype, and by using knowledge about the functional significance of these variants to generate new endophenotypes. Even without molecular genetic associations, endophenotypes still have value in studying the development of disorders in unaffected individuals at high genetic risk, constructing animal models, and gaining insight into neural mechanisms that are relevant to clinical disorder.
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Armbruster D, Brocke B, Strobel A. Winter is coming: Seasonality and the acoustic startle reflex. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:178-183. [PMID: 27940142 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circannual rhythms and seasonality have long been in the interest of research. In humans, seasonal changes in mood have been extensively investigated since a substantial part of the population experiences worsening of mood during winter. Questions remain regarding accompanying physiological phenomena. We report seasonal effects on the acoustic startle response in a cross-sectional (n=124) and a longitudinal sample (n=23). Startle magnitudes were larger in winter (sample 1: p=0.026; sample 2: p=0.010) compared to summer months. Although the findings need to be replicated they may have implications regarding the timing of startle experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Armbruster
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Brocke
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Soterio-Pires JH, Hirotsu C, Kim LJ, Bittencourt L, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The interaction between erectile dysfunction complaints and depression in men: a cross-sectional study about sleep, hormones and quality of life. Int J Impot Res 2016; 29:70-75. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Gibb BE, Pollak SD, Hajcak G, Owens M. Attentional biases in children of depressed mothers: An event-related potential (ERP) study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:1166-1178. [PMID: 27684964 PMCID: PMC5099102 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have reported that children of depressed, compared to nondepressed, parents exhibit biased attention to sad facial stimuli, the direction of this bias remains unclear; some studies find evidence of preferential attention toward sad faces whereas others find evidence of attention avoidance. In the current study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess children's attention to emotional stimuli using a spatial cueing task. Across all indices of attention bias (N2pc and sustained posterior contralateral negativity [SPCN] time locked to face onset, P3b time locked to probe onset, reaction times [RTs] to probes), children of mothers with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) during the child's life exhibited less attention to sad faces than children of never depressed mothers. For two of these indices (SPCN and RTs), the attention biases for the offspring of depressed mothers was not specific to sadness and was observed for all emotional expressions. Group differences in the ERP indices were maintained when controlling for the influence of mothers' and children's current symptoms of depression and anxiety, mothers' history of anxiety disorders, and children's history of MDD and anxiety disorders, suggesting that the results are specific to mothers' history of MDD. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Owens
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg
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Crane NA, Gorka SM, Giedgowd GE, Conrad M, Langenecker SA, Mermelstein RJ, Kassel JD. Adolescent's respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with smoking rate five years later. Biol Psychol 2016; 118:107-113. [PMID: 27235685 PMCID: PMC4956523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulnerability factors like respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may help identify adolescents at risk for nicotine dependence. We examined if resting RSA and the acute effects of smoking on RSA was associated with cigarette smoking five years later among adolescents at high risk for smoking escalation and nicotine dependence. METHODS Sixty-nine adolescents participated in a baseline laboratory session- RSA was collected before and after smoking a single cigarette ad libitum. Participants were then followed for five years. RESULTS Lower pre-smoke resting RSA was related to higher past month smoking rate five years later, even after controlling for baseline smoking rate and other relevant covariates including gender, race/ethnicity, age of initiated use, and frequency of exercise at baseline (p=0.018). Exploratory analyses suggested resting RSA is an independent predictor of increased cigarette rate beyond other baseline predictors. CONCLUSIONS Low resting RSA may be a vulnerability factor, helping to identify adolescents at risk for cigarette escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road (M/C 275), Chicago, IL 60608, United States; Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (M/C 912), Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Grace E Giedgowd
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Megan Conrad
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (M/C 912), Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road (M/C 275), Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Jon D Kassel
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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Guo Z, Liu X, Hou H, Wei F, Liu J, Chen X. Abnormal degree centrality in Alzheimer's disease patients with depression: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Exp Gerontol 2016; 79:61-6. [PMID: 27079332 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Depression is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and occurs in AD patients with a prevalence of up to 40%. It reduces cognitive function and increases the burden on caregivers. Currently, there are very few medications that are useful for treating depression in AD patients. Therefore, understanding the brain abnormalities in AD patients with depression (D-AD) is crucial for developing effective interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of whole-brain functional networks at the voxel level in D-AD patients based on degree centrality (DC) as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI). Our study included 32 AD patients. All patients were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and further divided into two groups: 15 D-AD patients and 17 non-depressed AD (nD-AD) patients. R-fMRI datasets were acquired from these D-AD and nD-AD patients. First, we performed a DC analysis to identify voxels that showed altered whole brain functional connectivity (FC) with other voxels. We then further investigated FC using the abnormal DC regions to examine in more detail the connectivity patterns of the identified DC changes. D-AD patients had lower DC values in the right middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyrus than nD-AD patients. Seed-based analysis revealed decreased connectivity between the precentral and postcentral gyrus to the supplementary motor area and middle cingulum. FC also decreased in the right middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyrus. Thus, AD patients with depression fit a 'network dysfunction model' distinct from major depressive disorder and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Guo
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Hongtao Hou
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Fuquan Wei
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Seventh Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China; Clinical Institute of Mental Health in Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China.
| | - Xingli Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
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Knorr U, Koefoed P, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, Winkel P, Gether U, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Effect of escitalopram versus placebo on GRα messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood cells of healthy individuals with a family history of depression - a secondary outcome analysis from the randomized AGENDA trial. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:297-302. [PMID: 26752119 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed as first-line drugs for the treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms of action for SSRIs are unclear and besides neurotransmitter modulation may depend on modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoform α plays an important role in the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis and reduced GRα messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has been shown in mood disorder patients and first-degree relatives compared to healthy individuals with no family history of psychiatric disorders. Aim Based on the AGENDA trial dataset, we analysed whether an intervention with SSRI versus placebo decreases the GRα mRNA expression in peripheral blood cells in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depression. Methods The participants (N = 80) were randomly allocated to receive daily tablets of escitalopram 10 mg versus placebo for 4 weeks. GRα mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Four weeks of intervention with escitalopram decreased the relative change from baseline in the expression of GRα mRNA compared with placebo (p = 0.002). Conclusion These findings from a randomized trial suggest that a 4-week escitalopram administration to healthy participants results in a decrease in GRα mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood compared with inert placebo. The decrease in GRα mRNA expression levels may reflect a decrease in the HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Knorr
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Pernille Koefoed
- b Neuropsychiatric Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen , Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- c Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jørn Wetterslev
- c Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Per Winkel
- c Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- d Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Lars V Kessing
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Denmark
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Abstract
Psychotherapy and psychosocial treatment have been shown to be effective forms of treatment of a range of individual and complex comorbid disorders. The future role of psychotherapy and psychosocial treatment depends on several factors, including full implementation of mental health parity, correction of underlying false assumptions that shape treatment, payment priorities and research, identification and teaching of common factors or elements shared by effective psychosocial therapies, and adequate teaching of psychotherapy and psychosocial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Plakun
- Austen Riggs Center, 25 Main Street, Stockbridge, MA 01262-0962, USA.
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