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Betancourt JL, Alderson RM, Roberts DK, Bullard CC. Self-esteem in children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102394. [PMID: 38286088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analytic methods were used to examine global and domain-specific (i.e., academic, social, behavioral) self-esteem in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. Potential moderators of effect size heterogeneity were also examined via meta-regressions within a three-level approach. Findings from 49 aggregated global self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 2500, TDN = 9448), 12 academic self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 386, TDN = 315), 11 social self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 258, TDN = 254), and 8 behavioral self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 231, TDN = 211) suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD experience moderate global (ES = 0.46, p < .001), academic (ES = 0.60, p = .009), and social (ES = 0.67, p = .001) self-esteem impairments compared to children and adolescents without the disorder. The aggregated behavioral self-esteem effect size (ES = 0.20, p = .54), however, was not significant, and the global self-esteem effect size was markedly smaller compared to effect sizes for the academic and social domains. Further, examination of potential moderators of effect size heterogeneity indicated null effects for medication status, diagnostic complexity, informant, age, sex, comorbid psychopathology, and self-esteem dimension. Collectively, findings suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD do not hold a ubiquitous negative self-perception of difficulties across academic, social, and behavioral domains of functioning, and unexamined domains that are distal to ADHD may serve to bolster global self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Matt Alderson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Delanie K Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin C Bullard
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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2
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Sengewald MA, Erhardt TH, Gnambs T. The Predictive Validity of Item Effect Variables in the Satisfaction With Life Scale for Psychological and Physical Health. Assessment 2023; 30:2461-2475. [PMID: 36752066 PMCID: PMC10623622 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221149949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the Satisfaction with Life Scale strives to capture a single dimension, describing respondents' satisfaction with life as a whole, individual items might also capture unique aspects of life satisfaction leading to some form of multidimensionality. Such systematic item-specific variance can be viewed as a content-laden secondary trait. Information on the nomological net and predictive validity can be useful to aid the interpretation of these item-specific effects. Therefore, the present study on N = 2,543 Dutch respondents adopts revised latent state-trait theory to disentangle common construct variance, random measurement error, and person-specific item effects in the Satisfaction with Life Scale across three measurement occasions. The reported analyses not only demonstrate how to examine item-specific multidimensionality in longitudinal data but also emphasize how different identification constraints for the latent variable lead to different interpretations. Moreover, the predictive validity of item effect variables for the prediction of psychological and physical health is examined. A cross-validation with the same sample at a later measurement period and robustness checks with incomplete data, support our findings on the substantive value of a multidimensional specification of the Satisfaction with Life Scale for substantive analyses. Finally, the contributions of person-specific item effects for psychological assessments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ann Sengewald
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), Bamberg, Germany
- Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tina H. Erhardt
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), Bamberg, Germany
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), Bamberg, Germany
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3
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Barber KE, Zainal NH, Newman MG. Positive relations mediate the bidirectional connections between depression and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:387-394. [PMID: 36584704 PMCID: PMC9893796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occur at high rates, often preceding and predicting one another over long durations. Interpersonal theories propose that relationships with others may contribute to the longitudinal connections between MDD and GAD. Therefore, the current study examined the mediational effect of positive relations with others in these connections over 18 years. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (n = 3294) participated in data collection at three time-points (Time 1 [T1], Time 2 [T2], and Time 3 [T3]) spaced about nine years apart. MDD and GAD symptoms were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form. Positive relations was measured with the Psychological Well-Being Scale-Positive Relations with Others subscale. Structural equation mediation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that lower T2 positive relations significantly mediated the relationship between higher T1 MDD severity predicting more severe T3 GAD symptoms (d = 0.375) and explained 10.7% of the variance. T2 positive relations also had a significant mediational effect in the association between T1 GAD symptoms positively predicting T3 MDD severity (d = 0.360), accounting for 12.2% of the variance of this connection. These mediational effects were significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and T1 symptoms (d = 0.277-0.677). CONCLUSIONS Supporting interpersonal theories, lack of positive relations with others mediated the bidirectional connections between MDD and GAD symptoms across 18 years. Future research should continue to explore the influence of positive relations on mental health and whether treatments that enhance interpersonal functioning could improve treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Barber
- Marquette University, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Nur Hani Zainal
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle G Newman
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA
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Ypsilanti A, Lazuras L. Loneliness is not a homogeneous experience: An empirical analysis of adaptive and maladaptive forms of loneliness in the UK. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114571. [PMID: 35524995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding loneliness is pivotal to informing relevant evidence-based preventive interventions. The present study examined the prevalence of loneliness in the UK, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the association between loneliness, mental health outcomes, and risk and protective factors for loneliness, after controlling for the effects of social isolation. It was estimated that 18.1% of the population in our study experienced moderately high to very high loneliness. We also found that loneliness was positively associated with self-disgust and social inhibition, and negatively associated with trait optimism and hope. Cluster analysis indicated that two distinct groups emerged among those experiencing higher levels of loneliness: "adaptive" and "maladaptive" loneliness groups. The maladaptive loneliness group displayed psychological characteristics like self-disgust and social inhibition including symptoms of depression and anxiety that can potentially undermine their ability to connect with others and form meaningful social relationships. These findings suggest that not all people experience loneliness in the same way. It is possible that a one-size-fit-all approach to reducing loneliness, may be less effective because it does not take into account the differential psychological profiles and characteristics of lonely people, relevant to their capacity to connect with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ypsilanti
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom.
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
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5
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Elmer EM, van Tilburg T, Fokkema T. Minority Stress and Loneliness in a Global Sample of Sexual Minority Adults: The Roles of Social Anxiety, Social Inhibition, and Community Involvement. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:2269-2298. [PMID: 35084615 PMCID: PMC9192366 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that loneliness among sexual minority adults is associated with marginalization, but it is unclear which processes may underlie this relationship. This cross-sectional study examined five possibilities: stigma preoccupation, internalized homonegativity, sexual orientation concealment, social anxiety, and social inhibition. The study also examined the possible protective role of LGBTQ community involvement. Respondents were 7856 sexual minority adults aged 18-88 years from 85 countries who completed an online survey. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that marginalization was positively associated with both social and emotional loneliness, and that part of this relationship was indirect via proximal minority stress factors (especially stigma preoccupation) and, in turn, social anxiety and social inhibition. Moreover, while LGBTQ community involvement was associated with greater marginalization, it was also associated with lower levels of proximal stress and both forms of loneliness. Among those who were more involved in the LGBTQ community, the associations between marginalization and proximal stress were somewhat weaker, as were those between stigma preoccupation and social anxiety, and between social inhibition and social loneliness. In contrast, the associations between concealment and social anxiety were somewhat stronger. Model fit and patterns of association were similar after controlling for the possible confounding effect of dispositional negative affectivity, but several coefficients were lower. Findings underscore the continuing need to counter marginalization of sexual minorities, both outside and within the LGBTQ community, and suggest possible avenues for alleviating loneliness at the individual level, such as cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting stigma preoccupation and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy M Elmer
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Theo van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Fokkema
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, KNAW/University of Groningen, The Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Kmieciak R. Alexithymia, social inhibition, affectivity, and knowledge hiding. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-10-2021-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of adverse personality traits (alexithymia, social inhibition, negative affectivity) and supervisor knowledge hiding on individual knowledge hiding. This study also explores the moderating role of positive affectivity.
Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares path modeling and data collected from 518 Polish employees with higher education and extensive professional experience recruited via an Ariadna survey panel were used to test the research hypotheses.
Findings
Two dimensions of alexithymia were considered: difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) and difficulty describing feelings (DDF). DIF has a direct impact on individual hiding, whereas DDF has an indirect impact, via social inhibition. Negative affectivity is a predictor of social inhibition, which enhances knowledge hiding. Positive affectivity slightly weakens the positive and strong effect of supervisor knowledge hiding on subordinate knowledge hiding.
Practical implications
Because alexithymia, social inhibition and negative affectivity may predispose employees to knowledge hiding, managers should identify these personality traits among job applicants and hired employees to make appropriate employment decisions. Moreover, managers should be aware that hiding knowledge by a supervisor may be imitated by subordinates.
Originality/value
Based on conservation of resources theory, this study investigates previously unexplored relationships among alexithymia, social inhibition, affectivity and knowledge hiding.
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Abbas H. The Relation of Motivation Factors for Online Games With Personality Disorders, Addiction, Shyness, and Loneliness in Kuwait. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GAMING AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijgcms.295873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on the Self-Development Theory (SDT), this study examines the relation between the factors that motivate online gaming and the effects of addiction, shyness, and loneliness. We have modified the SDT theory by adding intrinsic and extrinsic factors to measure the degree of its effect on addiction in online gaming settings. Next, we develop a special instrument to measure gamers’ experience and their level of addiction. The sample is 671 online gamers who participated in an online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling tests are conducted to identify reliable factors and the goodness of fit of the research model. The findings show that the effect of addiction on shyness and loneliness is minor. Furthermore, loneliness is affected mostly by anxiety of others. In addition, the challenge of meeting the goals of gaming has the greatest effect on addiction. The study offers important implications for decision makers among family members such as parents and among society in general such as policy makers to avoid side effects of online gaming.
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Hasan SI, Yee A, Rinaldi A, Azham AA, Mohd Hairi F, Amer Nordin AS. Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260221. [PMID: 34855800 PMCID: PMC8638981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has shown that migrant workers manifested higher common mental issues (especially depressive symptom) compared to local workers due to stressors such as financial constraint and lack of access to healthcare. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current body of evidence for the prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers as well as exploring the risk factors and the availability of social support for migrant workers. Seven electronic databases, grey literature and Google Scholar were searched for studies from 2015 to 2021 related to mental health, social support and migrant workers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Random effects meta-analysis results were presented given heterogeneity among studies. The search returned 27 articles and only seven studies were included in meta-analysis, involving 44 365 migrant workers in 17 different countries. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers was 38.99% (95% CI = 0.27, 0.51) and 27.31% (95% CI = 0.06, 0.58), respectively. Factors such as age, biological (health issue, family history of psychiatric disorder), individual (poor coping skills), occupational (workplace psychosocial stressors, poor working condition, salary and benefits issue, abuse), environmental (limited access towards healthcare, duration of residence, living condition) and social factor (limited social support) were associated with a mental health outcome in migrant workers. The availability of social support for migrant workers was mainly concentrated in emotional type of support. A high prevalence of depression and anxiety was found among migrant workers across the globe. This finding warrants a collective effort by different parties in providing assistance for migrant workers to promote their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Idayu Hasan
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ariyani Rinaldi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adlina Aisya Azham
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Bujnowska AM, Rodríguez C, García T, Areces D, Marsh NV. Coping with stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100254. [PMID: 34377146 PMCID: PMC8327347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background/Objective Previous findings indicated that parents of children with developmental disabilities face greater care giving demands and report higher levels of stress. This study explores the styles and strategies of coping with stress among parents of children with developmental disabilities compared to parents of children with typical development. Method 167 parents of children with developmental disabilities and 103 parents of typical development children participated as a voluntary. The CISS and the COPE Inventory were used to assess the coping styles and strategies in rearing a child. Results The results from Multivariate Analysis indicated significant differences between parents of children with and without developmental disabilities in one of three coping styles and one of eight coping strategies. Parents of children with developmental disabilities less often used the avoidance-oriented style and emotional support strategy. The task-oriented style and strategies were the dominant approach in both groups of parents. In stressful situations connected with rearing a child, parents of children with developmental disabilities do not use as dominant strategies connected with seeking emotional support and religion, which occur in the parents of typical development children. Conclusions The results suggest areas where coping may be different than in families of children without DD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trinidad García
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Débora Areces
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nigel V Marsh
- Department of Psychology by School of Social and Health Sciences, Singapore
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Denollet J, Trompetter HR, Kupper N. A review and conceptual model of the association of Type D personality with suicide risk. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:291-300. [PMID: 33882425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of personality as distal risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior is still unclear. This review aims to propose two conceptual models that explain the psychological plausibility of Type D personality as distal risk factor and contributor to the transition from general to suicide distress. To support this aim, we performed a systematic review of existing studies on the association between Type D personality and suicidal distress. A systematic search yielded eight studies that reported on Type D personality and suicidal distress. Type D personality was robustly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, across populations and countries. Type D was related to the level/frequency of suicidal ideation in seven studies, and suicide attempt in two studies. Our first theoretical model identifies intra-psychic (depression, alcohol misuse, posttraumatic stress) and interpersonal (low belonging, social isolation, lack of support) vulnerabilities of individuals with Type D that may fuel the development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Type D by itself will not account for why people become suicidal, but our second theoretical model suggests that the avoidant-passive tendencies of Type D individuals may result in persistent problem-solving deficits, and, eventually, feelings of entrapment that may contribute to the desire to escape from pain. We conclude that empirical evidence supports the hypothesized link between Type D personality, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Our conceptual models - albeit often supported by indirect evidence - further substantiate the plausibility of this link, and offer concrete guidance for future studies. Primarily, more longitudinal research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Denollet
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Hester R Trompetter
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Nina Kupper
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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11
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Abbas HA. Effects of personality disorders and attitudes towards social networking services: evidence from family business successors in the Arab world. JOURNAL OF FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jfbm-11-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the effect of personality disorders, namely loneliness and shyness, on the family business successors' attitude towards social networking services (SNS).
Design/methodology/approach
In this study the personality disorder and attitude towards using WhatsApp are analysed in a sample of 511 family business successors, aged 18 and up to more than 50 years. Participants completed questionnaires designed for the purposes of the study specifically using for loneliness factor the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1978) and for shyness the Sociability Scale (Cheek and Buss, 1981). We use two statistical methods: the first statistical technique is an exploratory factor analysis to show that shyness can be measured down into two dimensions (1) lack of confidence and (2) hesitancy, while loneliness also can be measured into the two dimensions: (1) amiability and (2) abandonment. The second statistical method uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to fit the data to the proposed model.
Findings
The results indicate that neither a lack of confidence nor amiability has a significant effect on the attitude towards instant messaging, while hesitancy and abandonment both have significant effects on attitude. Moreover, abandonment has a stronger effect on attitude than hesitancy.
Research limitations/implications
In this study were not included other related social disorders that other scholars normally study in such projects. For example, narcissism, addiction and socially anxious are very important and have results that conflict with ours.
Originality/value
The causal relations between the two independent factors of shyness and loneliness and the dependent factor of attitude towards using an Internet and SNS in family businesses from the Arab world have not yet been clearly and fully explored. This study aims to fill this gap through studying the impact of personality disorder (loneliness and shyness) on attitude to use SNS by the successors of family businesses.
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12
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Romero-Acosta K, Gómez-de-Regil L, Lowe GA, Lipps GE, Gibson RC. Parenting Styles, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Child/Adolescent. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2021; 14:12-32. [PMID: 34306576 PMCID: PMC8297574 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the possible direct and interactive associations of sex, age and parenting styles with symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 710 students ranging from 8 to 13 years (mean age 10.8 years [ 0.75]), the most of them males (n = 422, 59.4%), completed three screening instruments: a parenting practices scale and two self-reports for evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Authoritative (38.6%) and neglectful (38%) parenting styles were predominant. Symptoms of depression -F (3, 706) = 3.12, p = .03- and anxiety -F (3, 706) = 2.83, p = .4- differed by parenting styles. Students with a neglectful parenting style reported significant lower generalized anxiety symptoms than those whose parents used authoritative parenting. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Children ages 8 to 13 years-old with authoritative parenting style should be evaluated for possible presence of generalized anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Romero-Acosta
- Grupo de investigación Dimensiones Humanas. Departamento de investigación psicológica, Facultad de humanidades y educación. Corporación Universitaria del Caribe CECAR. Sincelejo, Colombia.Corporación Universitaria del CaribeCorporación Universitaria del Caribe CECARSincelejoColombia
| | - Lizzette Gómez-de-Regil
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán. Fraccionamiento Altabrisa. Mérida, Yucatán, México.MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Gillian A. Lowe
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
| | - Garth E. Lipps
- Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
| | - Roger C. Gibson
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry. The University of the West Indies Mona. Kingston, Jamaica.The University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica
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Işık I, Ergün G. Hope and belonging in patients with schizophrenia: A phenomenological study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:235-242. [PMID: 31313318 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine in depth the senses of hope and belonging in patients with schizophrenia and factors which affect these. DESIGN AND METHODS The data were collected through the phenomenological interview method and interpreted using Strauss and Corbin's approach to qualitative data analysis. FINDINGS Patients with schizophrenia reported that having hope and feeling a sense of belonging were very important to them and patients with the same diagnosis, and that being accepted by society, being employed and being productive increased their senses of both hope and belonging. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS For the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia, which is a chronic disease, psychiatric nurses should carry out activities which increase their senses of hope and belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Işık
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Ergün
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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14
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Wang S, Li C, Jia X, Lyu J, Wang Y, Sun H. From depressive symptoms to suicide risk: Roles of sense of belongingness and acquired capability for suicide in patients with mental disorders. Psych J 2020; 9:185-198. [PMID: 31945807 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to prevent suicides in patients with mental disorders, it was critical to recognize the risk factors and explore the mechanism. Based on depressive symptoms, which were common in patients with mental disorders in consolidation period in China, we constructed a moderated mediating model under the framework of Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behaviour, and examined the mechanism of how depressive symptoms, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability for suicide influenced suicide risk. In this study, data were collected from 164 patients through four questionnaires, and analyzed with PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes, 2008). The result showed that in the predictive effects of depressive symptoms on suicide risk, thwarted belongingness was a partial mediating variable, while acquired capability for suicide played a moderating role in the partial mediating model. Specifically, the predictive effects of depressive symptoms and thwarted belongingness, both as motivation variables, on suicide risk both occurred in the case of the high acquired capability of suicide, which was a volition variable. The research pointed out the interdependence of depressive symptoms and a sense of belongingness, and clarified the critical role of acquired capability for suicide. The integrated perspective could enhance the interpretation of reality, and enlightened those carrying out the practice of suicide intervention to patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Weifang New Epoch School, Weifang, China
| | - Xuji Jia
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juncheng Lyu
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Course of depressive symptoms in men and women: differential effects of social, psychological, behavioral and somatic predictors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18929. [PMID: 31831794 PMCID: PMC6908702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the most important and sex-specific social, psychological, behavioral and somatic predictors of recurrent depressive symptoms. Data was obtained at two measurement points within five years by the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Out of N = 12,061 individuals, a sample of 877 (age 52.3 ± 9.9) who reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline was analyzed. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Almost half of participants depressed at baseline also reported depressive symptoms five years later. Sex-stratified multivariate analyses revealed that solely social support remained a significant protective predictor against recurrence of depression in men (OR = 0.93; CI95% = 0.87-0.99), whereas in women smoking (OR = 1.97; CI95% = 1.23-3.22), and Type D personality (OR = 1.65; CI95% = 1.10-2.49) were significant risk factors. However, when analyzing the entire sample, no interaction effect between sex and each predictor turned out to be significant. Only social support was retained as an overall predictive factor. As depressive symptoms recur, depressive vulnerability is established involving personality, health behavior and social factors. Although no significant sex-specific interactions were observed, sex-stratified analyses point out different patterns for relevant predictors of recurrent depressive symptoms in men and women.
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Duijndam S, Denollet J. Social inhibition in population-based and cardiac patient samples: Robustness of inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal as distinct facets. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 58:13-23. [PMID: 30822657 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral inhibition plays a key role in animal stress research and developmental research in children. Therefore, we examined the robustness of our multifaceted model of adult social inhibition that comprises behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal components. METHOD A total of 899 adults completed the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15) and measures of emotional distress. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability estimates, and correlational and second-order factor analyses were used to examine the robustness of our model. RESULTS CFA (RMSEA = 0.052; NFI = 0.938; CFI = 0.957) and Cronbach's α estimates ≥0.87 confirmed the robustness of our multi-facet social inhibition model based on three correlated inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal factors in 560 adults from the general population and in 194 undergraduate students. Inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal were stable over time (3-month test-retest correlations ≥ 0.78), and were closely related to the Gest Behavioral Inhibition and PID-5 Withdrawal measures in a clinical sample of 145 cardiac patients. Of note, male cardiac patients reported more inhibition and withdrawal than female patients. Across samples, social inhibition was distinctly different from negative affectivity. CONCLUSIONS Our 3-facet model of inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal was robust across samples, and may promote research on adult social inhibition in population-based and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Duijndam
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan Denollet
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Denollet J, Duijndam S. The multidimensional nature of adult social inhibition: Inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal facets of the SIQ15. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:569-579. [PMID: 30445382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social inhibition may promote emotional problems in children, but little is known about this disposition in adults. Our research builds on a theory-based model to suggest that adult social inhibition involves distinct behavioral (inhibition), cognitive (sensitivity), and affective (withdrawal) characteristics. METHODS A total of 1385 adults completed measures of social inhibition, emotional distress, and social stress. Factor analyses, reliability estimates and regression analyses were used to examine the robustness of our model, and the validity of the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15). RESULTS In Study 1 (N = 1180; Mage 46.9 years; 52% women), factor analysis confirmed that behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal reflected distinct facets of social inhibition. Next, we developed the SIQ15 that covers these facets with 5 items each; e.g. has difficulty making contact; expects negative reactions from others; keeps others at a distance. Study 2 (N = 209; Mage 20.3 years; 77% women) showed that the SIQ15 and its 5-item Inhibition, Sensitivity and Withdrawal facet scales were internally consistent (Cronbach's α between 0.86/0.94) and stable over time (test-retest between r = 0.73/0.78). The SIQ15 facets differentially predicted related inhibition (Behavioral Inhibition Scale), rumination (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and withdrawal (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) scores at 6 months follow-up. Younger age and having no partner were associated with more social inhibition. LIMITATIONS Findings are based on self-report; experimental and prospective studies are needed to further validate our inhibition model. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal are distinct manifestations of adult social inhibition that can be reliably assessed with the SIQ15. Research needs to examine how this multidimensional nature of social inhibition has an effect on stress, health, and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Denollet
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie Duijndam
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Ego Resilience scale (ER) and a new shortened version of the Ego Undercontrol Scale (EUC). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Ego Resilience scale (ER) and The Ego Undercontrol scale (EUC) are designed to assess personality types based on how people inhibit or express their emotional impulses. The study aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of both scales. Two community samples were recruited through convenience sampling and were informed about the study either while attending an undergraduate class at University or through advertisement on the Internet. For the two samples respectively, 483 and 197 individuals aged 18–70 completed the self-rating questionnaires via a website. In the first sample, factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity of the ER and the EUC were evaluated and a shorter version of the EUC (EUC-13) was developed based on the outcome. In the second sample, factor structure and psychometric properties of the EUC-13 were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported both the original version of the ER and the EUC-13. Both instruments showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency for all subscales but Socially restrained behavior from the EUC-13, good test-retest reliability, as well as satisfactory preliminary evidence of validity. Further validation studies are recommended, such as investigating the scales in clinical settings.
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Spek V, Nefs G, Mommersteeg PMC, Speight J, Pouwer F, Denollet J. Type D personality and social relations in adults with diabetes: results from diabetes MILES - The Netherlands. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1456-1471. [PMID: 30295085 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1508684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether individual differences in Type D personality (combination of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI)) could explain heterogeneity in perceived social support and relationship adjustment (intimate partner relationship) among people living with diabetes. DESIGN In the Diabetes MILES-The Netherlands survey, 621 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (54% female, age: 56 ± 14 years) completed measures of Type D personality (DS14), perceived social support and relationship adjustment. We used established DS14 cut-off scores to indicate Type D personality, high NA only, high SI only and reference groups. RESULTS Participants from the Type D and NA only groups perceived lower levels of social support (Welch[3,259] = 37.27, p < 0.001), and relationship adjustment (Welch[3,191] = 14.74; p < 0.01) than those from the SI only and reference groups. Type D was associated with lower social support (lowest quartile; adjusted OR = 8.73; 95%CI = 5.05 ∼ 15.09; p < 0.001) and lower relationship adjustment (lowest quartile; adjusted OR = 3.70; 95%CI = 2.10 ∼ 6.53; p < 0.001). Type D was also associated with increased levels of loneliness. CONCLUSION Participants with Type D and participants with high NA only tend to experience less social support and less relationship adjustment. Type D personality was also associated with more loneliness. Experiencing lower social support and relationship adjustment may complicate coping and self-management in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Spek
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Giesje Nefs
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Psychology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Diabeter, National diabetes treatment center for children, adolescents and young adults , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Jane Speight
- d School of Psychology , Deakin University , Geelong , VIC , Australia.,e The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes , Melbourne VIC , Australia
| | - Frans Pouwer
- e The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes , Melbourne VIC , Australia.,f University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Johan Denollet
- a CoRPS , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
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