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Grochowski CM, Bengtsson JD, Du H, Gandhi M, Lun MY, Mehaffey MG, Park K, Höps W, Benito E, Hasenfeld P, Korbel JO, Mahmoud M, Paulin LF, Jhangiani SN, Hwang JP, Bhamidipati SV, Muzny DM, Fatih JM, Gibbs RA, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Juul S, Lindstrand A, Sedlazeck FJ, Pehlivan D, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. Inverted triplications formed by iterative template switches generate structural variant diversity at genomic disorder loci. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100590. [PMID: 38908378 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The duplication-triplication/inverted-duplication (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) structure is a complex genomic rearrangement (CGR). Although it has been identified as an important pathogenic DNA mutation signature in genomic disorders and cancer genomes, its architecture remains unresolved. Here, we studied the genomic architecture of DUP-TRP/INV-DUP by investigating the DNA of 24 patients identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on whom we found evidence for the existence of 4 out of 4 predicted structural variant (SV) haplotypes. Using a combination of short-read genome sequencing (GS), long-read GS, optical genome mapping, and single-cell DNA template strand sequencing (strand-seq), the haplotype structure was resolved in 18 samples. The point of template switching in 4 samples was shown to be a segment of ∼2.2-5.5 kb of 100% nucleotide similarity within inverted repeat pairs. These data provide experimental evidence that inverted low-copy repeats act as recombinant substrates. This type of CGR can result in multiple conformers generating diverse SV haplotypes in susceptible dosage-sensitive loci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mira Gandhi
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Ming Yin Lun
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | | | - KyungHee Park
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Wolfram Höps
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Benito
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hasenfeld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Medhat Mahmoud
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luis F Paulin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Paul Hwang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sravya V Bhamidipati
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jawid M Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Sissel Juul
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ihnatovych I, Saddler RA, Sule N, Szigeti K. Translational implications of CHRFAM7A, an elusive human-restricted fusion gene. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1020-1032. [PMID: 38200291 PMCID: PMC11176066 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Genes restricted to humans may contribute to human-specific traits and provide a different context for diseases. CHRFAM7A is a uniquely human fusion gene and a negative regulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). The α7 nAChR has been a promising target for diseases affecting cognition and higher cortical functions, however, the treatment effect observed in animal models failed to translate into human clinical trials. As CHRFAM7A was not accounted for in preclinical drug screens it may have contributed to the translational gap. Understanding the complex genetic architecture of the locus, deciphering the functional impact of CHRFAM7A on α7 nAChR neurobiology and utilizing human-relevant models may offer novel approaches to explore α7 nAChR as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Ihnatovych
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ruth-Ann Saddler
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Norbert Sule
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kinga Szigeti
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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3
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Guhathakurta D, Petrušková A, Akdaş EY, Perelló-Amorós B, Frischknecht R, Anni D, Weiss EM, Walter M, Fejtová A. Hydroxynorketamine, but not ketamine, acts via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to control presynaptic function and gene expression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:47. [PMID: 38253622 PMCID: PMC10803733 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is clinically used fast-acting antidepressant. Its metabolite hydroxynorketamine (HNK) shows a robust antidepressant effect in animal studies. It is unclear, how these chemically distinct compounds converge on similar neuronal effects. While KET acts mostly as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, the molecular target of HNK remains enigmatic. Here, we show that KET and HNK converge on rapid inhibition of glutamate release by reducing the release competence of synaptic vesicles and induce nuclear translocation of pCREB that controls expression of neuroplasticity genes connected to KET- and HNK-mediated antidepressant action. Ro25-6981, a selective antagonist of GluN2B, mimics effect of KET indicating that GluN2B-containing NMDAR might mediate the presynaptic effect of KET. Selective antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) or genetic deletion of Chrna7, its pore-forming subunit, fully abolishes HNK-induced synaptic and nuclear regulations, but leaves KET-dependent cellular effects unaffected. Thus, KET or HNK-induced modulation of synaptic transmission and nuclear translocation of pCREB can be mediated by selective signaling via NMDAR or α7nAChRs, respectively. Due to the rapid metabolism of KET to HNK, it is conceivable that subsequent modulation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission affects circuits in a cell-type-specific manner and contributes to the therapeutic potency of KET. This finding promotes further exploration of new combined medications for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aneta Petrušková
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Enes Yağız Akdaş
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartomeu Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Anni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Grochowski CM, Bengtsson JD, Du H, Gandhi M, Lun MY, Mehaffey MG, Park K, Höps W, Benito-Garagorri E, Hasenfeld P, Korbel JO, Mahmoud M, Paulin LF, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Fatih JM, Gibbs RA, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Juul S, Lindstrand A, Sedlazeck FJ, Pehlivan D, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. Break-induced replication underlies formation of inverted triplications and generates unexpected diversity in haplotype structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560172. [PMID: 37873367 PMCID: PMC10592851 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The duplication-triplication/inverted-duplication (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) structure is a type of complex genomic rearrangement (CGR) hypothesized to result from replicative repair of DNA due to replication fork collapse. It is often mediated by a pair of inverted low-copy repeats (LCR) followed by iterative template switches resulting in at least two breakpoint junctions in cis . Although it has been identified as an important mutation signature of pathogenicity for genomic disorders and cancer genomes, its architecture remains unresolved and is predicted to display at least four structural variation (SV) haplotypes. Results Here we studied the genomic architecture of DUP-TRP/INV-DUP by investigating the genomic DNA of 24 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on whom we found evidence for the existence of 4 out of 4 predicted SV haplotypes. Using a combination of short-read genome sequencing (GS), long- read GS, optical genome mapping and StrandSeq the haplotype structure was resolved in 18 samples. This approach refined the point of template switching between inverted LCRs in 4 samples revealing a DNA segment of ∼2.2-5.5 kb of 100% nucleotide similarity. A prediction model was developed to infer the LCR used to mediate the non-allelic homology repair. Conclusions These data provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that inverted LCRs act as a recombinant substrate in replication-based repair mechanisms. Such inverted repeats are particularly relevant for formation of copy-number associated inversions, including the DUP-TRP/INV-DUP structures. Moreover, this type of CGR can result in multiple conformers which contributes to generate diverse SV haplotypes in susceptible loci .
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Büki G, Hadzsiev K, Bene J. Copy Number Variations in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13671. [PMID: 37761973 PMCID: PMC10530736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex conditions that represent a significant global health burden with complex and multifactorial etiologies. Technological advances in recent years have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of the major neuropsychiatric disorders and the genetic loci involved. Previous studies mainly investigated genome-wide significant SNPs to elucidate the cross-disorder and disorder-specific genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although copy number variations represent a major source of genetic variations, they are known risk factors in developing a variety of human disorders, including certain neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we demonstrate the current understanding of CNVs contributing to liability for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.B.); (K.H.)
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Lewis AS, Picciotto MR. Regulation of aggressive behaviors by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Animal models, human genetics, and clinical studies. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:107929. [PMID: 32058178 PMCID: PMC7080580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are frequently complicated by aggressive behaviors. For some individuals, existing behavioral and psychopharmacological treatments are ineffective or confer significant side effects, necessitating development of new ways to treat patients with severe aggression. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a large and diverse family of ligand-gated ion channels expressed throughout the brain that influence behaviors highly relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention, mood, and impulsivity. Nicotine and other drugs targeting nAChRs can reduce aggression in animal models of offensive, defensive, and predatory aggression, as well as in human laboratory studies. Human genetic studies have suggested a relationship between the CHRNA7 gene encoding the alpha-7 nAChR and aggressive behavior, although these effects are heterogeneous and strongly influenced by genetic background and environment. Here we review animal, human genetic, and clinical studies supporting a consistent role of nicotine and nAChR signaling in modulation of aggressive behaviors. We integrate findings from recent studies of aggression neuroscience, discuss the circuitry that may be involved in these effects of nAChRs, and identify multiple key questions that must be answered prior to safe and effective translation for human patients. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Donat CK, Hansen HH, Hansen HD, Mease RC, Horti AG, Pomper MG, L’Estrade ET, Herth MM, Peters D, Knudsen GM, Mikkelsen JD. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives [ 125I]Iodo-ASEM and [ 18F]ASEM as Radiotracers of Homo- and Heteromeric α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061425. [PMID: 32245032 PMCID: PMC7144377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is involved in several cognitive and physiologic processes; its expression levels and patterns change in neurologic and psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, which makes it a relevant drug target. Development of selective radioligands is important for defining binding properties and occupancy of novel molecules targeting the receptor. We tested the in vitro binding properties of [125I]Iodo-ASEM [(3-(1,4-diazabycyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-6-(125I-iododibenzo[b,d]thiopentene 5,5-dioxide)] in the mouse, rat and pig brain using autoradiography. The in vivo binding properties of [18F]ASEM were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in the pig brain. [125I]Iodo-ASEM showed specific and displaceable high affinity (~1 nM) binding in mouse, rat, and pig brain. Binding pattern overlapped with [125I]α-bungarotoxin, specific binding was absent in α7 nAChR gene-deficient mice and binding was blocked by a range of α7 nAChR orthosteric modulators in an affinity-dependent order in the pig brain. Interestingly, relative to the wild-type, binding in β2 nAChR gene-deficient mice was lower for [125I]Iodo-ASEM (58% ± 2.7%) than [125I]α-bungarotoxin (23% ± 0.2%), potentially indicating different binding properties to heteromeric α7β2 nAChR. [18F]ASEM PET in the pig showed high brain uptake and reversible tracer kinetics with a similar spatial distribution as previously reported for α7 nAChR. Blocking with SSR-180,711 resulted in a significant decrease in [18F]ASEM binding. Our findings indicate that [125I]Iodo-ASEM allows sensitive and selective imaging of α7 nAChR in vitro, with better signal-to-noise ratio than previous tracers. Preliminary data of [18F]ASEM in the pig brain demonstrated principal suitable kinetic properties for in vivo quantification of α7 nAChR, comparable to previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius K. Donat
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0 LS, UK
- Correspondence: (C.K.D.); (J.D.M.); Tel.: +45-40205378 (J.D.M)
| | - Henrik H. Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Hanne D. Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Andrew G. Horti
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.C.M.); (A.G.H.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Elina T. L’Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.H.); (H.D.H.); (E.T.L.); (G.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.D.); (J.D.M.); Tel.: +45-40205378 (J.D.M)
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McClain L, Segreti AM, Nau S, Shaw P, Finegold DN, Pan LA, Peters DG. Chromosome 15q13.3 microduplications are associated with treatment refractory major depressive disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12628. [PMID: 31828948 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 15 million Americans. Approximately 2 million of these are classified as being refractory to treatment (TR-MDD). Because of the lack of available therapies for TR-MDD, and the high risk of suicide, there is interest in identifying new treatment modalities and diagnostic methods. Understanding of the impact of genomic copy number variation in the etiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasing. Low copy repeat elements at 15q13.3 facilitate non-allelic homologous recombination, resulting in recurrent copy number variants (CNVs). Numerous reports have described association between microdeletions in this region and a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, with CHRNA7 implicated as a candidate gene. However, the pathogenicity of 15q13.3 duplications is less clear. As part of an ongoing study, in which we have identified a number of metabolomic anomalies in spinal fluid from TR-MDD patients, we also evaluated genomic copy number variation in patients (n = 125) and controls (n = 26) via array-based copy number genomic hybridization (CGH); the case frequency was compared with frequencies reported in a prior study as well as a larger population-sized cohort. We identified five TR-MDD patients with microduplications involving CHRNA7. CHRNA7 duplications are the most common CNVs identified by clinical CGH in this cohort. Therefore, this study provides insight into the potential involvement of CHRNA7 duplications in the etiology of TR-MDD and informs those involved with care of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna M Segreti
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Nau
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa A Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David G Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Zhang C, Rong H. Genetic Advance in Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1180:19-57. [PMID: 31784956 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are both chronic, severe mood disorder with high misdiagnosis rate, leading to substantial health and economic burdens to patients around the world. There is a high misdiagnosis rate of bipolar depression (BD) just based on symptomology in depressed patients whose previous manic or mixed episodes have not been well recognized. Therefore, it is important for psychiatrists to identify these two major psychiatric disorders. Recently, with the accumulation of clinical sample sizes and the advances of methodology and technology, certain progress in the genetics of major depression and bipolar disorder has been made. This article reviews the candidate genes for MDD and BD, genetic variation loci, chromosome structural variation, new technologies, and new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Jiang Y, Yuan H, Huang L, Hou X, Zhou R, Dang X. Global proteomic profiling of the uniquely human CHRFAM7A gene in transgenic mouse brain. Gene 2019; 714:143996. [PMID: 31348980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The uniquely human α7-nAChR gene (CHRFAM7A) is evolved from the fusion of two partially duplicated genes, FAM7 and α7-nAChR gene (CHRNA7), and is inserted on same chromosome 15, 5' end of the CHRNA7 gene. Transcription of CHRFAM7A gene produces a 1256-bp open reading frame encoding dup-α7-nAChR, where a 27-aminoacid residues from FAM7 replaced the 146-aminoacid residues of the N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domain of α7-nAChR. In vitro, dup-α7-nAChR has been shown to form hetero-pentamer with α7-nAChR and dominant-negatively regulates the channel functions of α7-nAChR. However, the contribution of CHRFAM7A gene to the biology of α7-nAChR in the brain in vivo remains largely a matter of conjecture. CHRFAM7A transgenic mouse was created and differentially expressed proteins were profiled from the whole brain using iTRAQ-2D-LC-MS/MS proteomic technology. Proteins with a fold change of ≥1.2 or ≤0.83 and p < 0.05 were considered to be significant. Bioinformatics analysis showed that over-expression of the CHRFAM7A gene significantly modulated the proteins commonly involved in the signaling pathways of α7-nAChR-mediated neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and alcoholism, suggesting that the CHRFAM7A gene contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders mostly likely through fine-tuning the functions of α7-nAChR in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000,China
| | - Haiyang Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000,China
| | - Li Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000,China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000,China
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000,China; Division of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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