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Köhler LJE, Gollwitzer M. How victim sensitivity affects our attitudes and behaviour towards immigrants. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:406-436. [PMID: 38246858 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Three studies explore the relation between victim sensitivity-the sensitivity to being a victim of injustice - and anti-immigration attitudes and behaviour. Based on theoretical considerations and prior research, we hypothesized that victim sensitivity positively predicts anti-immigration attitudes and behaviour over and above political orientation and ideology. Results from a longitudinal study (Study 1; N = 1038), a computerized online experiment (Study 2; N = 299), and a laboratory experiment (Study 3; N = 178) provide support for this hypothesis. Studies 2 and 3 indicate that a heightened fear of exploitation mediates the effect of victim sensitivity on anti-immigration attitudes and behaviour even though attempts to scrutinize this mechanism by 'switching off' the psychological process were unsuccessful. We discuss methodological and theoretical implications and possible avenues for future research.
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Haines VY, Patient D, Guerrero S. The fairness of human resource management practices: an assessment by the justice sensitive. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1355378. [PMID: 38596324 PMCID: PMC11002264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although fairness is a pervasive and ongoing concern in organizations, the fairness of human resource management practices is often overlooked. This study examines how individual differences in justice sensitivity influence the extent to which human resource management practices are perceived to convey principles of organizational justice. Methods Analysis was performed on a matching sample of 283 university students from three academic units in two countries having responded at two time points. Justice sensitivity was measured with the 40-item inventory developed and validated by Schmitt et al. (2010). Respondents were instructed to indicate to what extent each of 61 human resource management practices generally conveys principles of organizational justice. Results Justice sensitivity was positively associated with subsequent assessments of the justice contents of human resource management practices. The distinction between self-oriented and other-oriented justice sensitivities was helpful in determining perceptions of these human resource management practices and of a subset of pay-for-performance practices. Discussion The findings inform current research about the meanings borne by human resource management practices, and also increase understanding of entity judgment formation as an important aspect of systemic justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y. Haines
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Patient
- Vlerick Business School, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Guerrero
- École des sciences de la gestion (ESG), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hong Y, Wang X, Liu L, Su Y, Chen L, Lian R, Liao M. The relationship between social class and subjective well-being: A serial mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1002585. [PMID: 36300082 PMCID: PMC9589417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent research associating social class with subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between the two, manifested through victim justice sensitivity and envy, has not been properly investigated. Guided by social comparison and social cognitive tendency theories, we explored the direct and indirect relationships between social class and SWB among Chinese undergraduate students. This study employed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based research design. 1,405 undergraduate students completed questionnaires regarding subjective social class, victim justice sensitivity, envy, and SWB. The results showed that social class was positively related to SWB and negatively associated with victim justice sensitivity and envy. Victim justice sensitivity was negatively related to SWB, victim justice sensitivity was positively related to envy, and envy was negatively associated with SWB. Social class correlated with SWB through three paths: the mediating role of victim justice sensitivity, the mediating role of envy, and the serial mediating roles of victim justice sensitivity and envy. The results indicate that social class could contribute to college students’ SWB through the mechanisms of victim justice sensitivity and envy. This study advances the understanding of how the relationship between social class and college students’ SWB operates. Furthermore, the findings will facilitate the promotion of college students’ SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Hong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Preschool Education, Fujian Preschool Education College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liting Liu
- School of Management Studies, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yankui Su
- College of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Lian
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liao
- The School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Liao,
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Bondü R, Holl AK, Trommler D, Schmitt MJ. Responses Toward Injustice Shaped by Justice Sensitivity – Evidence From Germany. Front Psychol 2022; 13:858291. [PMID: 36033064 PMCID: PMC9399749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim’s, observer’s, beneficiary’s, and perpetrator’s perspectives, and several control variables. Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice. It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective. These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bondü
- Department of Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Bondü,
| | - Anna K. Holl
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Denny Trommler
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred J. Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz and Landau, Landau, Germany
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Wang Y, Luo YLL, Wu MS, Zhou Y. Heritability of Justice Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Justice is one of the fundamental principles in human evolution, and justice sensitivity from the pro-self (e.g., as a victim) and the prosocial perspective (e.g., as an observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator) matters in mental wellness and social interaction. However, the extent to which individual difference in justice sensitivity is influenced by genetic versus environmental factors remains unclear. Using a sample with 244 twin pairs, the present research attempts to determine the extent to which genetic factors play a role in the inter-individual difference of justice sensitivity as well as whether different facets of justice sensitivity, namely, pro-self and prosocial perspectives, share a common genetic basis. Results showed that (1) all facets of justice sensitivity were moderately heritable (21–33%) and that the non-shared environmental factors plus measurement error accounted for the rest of the variations (67–79%); (2) associations between the prosocial facets of justice sensitivity were driven by common genetic ( rg = .50–.65) and non-shared environmental (plus measurement error; re = .24–.65) influences, whereas no significant genetic link was found between the pro-self and prosocial facets. The current findings provide novel evidence that sensitivity to injustice, especially to others’ suffering, is fundamentally grounded upon genetic origin, thereby shedding light on the nature and nurture aspects of justice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu L. L. Luo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yuan Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Liu R, Qi C. Victim Sensitivity and Proposal Size Modulate the Ingroup Favoritism During Fairness Norm Enforcement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:738447. [PMID: 34659052 PMCID: PMC8511311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
People show a strong aversion to inequality and are willing to sacrifice their own interests to punish violations of fairness norms. Empirical research has found that group membership could influence the fairness judgment and norm enforcement of the individuals but has shown inconsistent findings and has not focused much on the potential moderators. Here, the two studies aimed to investigate whether victim sensitivity and proposal size moderate the impact of group membership on reactions to unfair proposals. In both studies, the participants with different victim sensitivity (low vs. high group) played the hypothetical (Study 1) and incentivized (Study 2) ultimatum game under the intragroup and intergroup condition and indicated their responses to the different proposals. Results showed that, regardless of the victim sensitivity, ingroup member is often given preferential and positive treatment. Low victim sensitive persons are more likely to accept unfair offers from the ingroup than the outgroup, while this effect was attenuated for those with high victim sensitivity, especially for highly ambiguous unfair offers (offer 6:4 in Study 1 and 8:2 in Study 2). Moreover, the ingroup favoritism score for ambiguous unfair offers was smaller for high compared with the victim sensitivity group. Taken together, the victim sensitivity, and proposal size could moderate the ingroup favoritism on responses to unfairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Jakubowski TD, Sitko-Dominik MM. Teachers' mental health during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257252. [PMID: 34555049 PMCID: PMC8460021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching work is stressful, moreover during the pandemic teachers' stress might have been intensified by distance education as well as by limited access to social support, which functions as a buffer in experiencing stress. The aim of the research was to investigate the relation between distance education and teachers' well-being, and their close relations and other social relations during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The research was conducted in two stages on 285 Polish primary and secondary school teachers who were recruited by means of the chain referral method. The following measures were used: The Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales-21, Berlin Social Support Scales, The Relationship Satisfaction Scale and The Injustice Experience Questionnaire. RESULTS The teachers experienced at least mild levels of stress, anxiety and depression, both during the first as well as the second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. It has been confirmed that there is a negative relation between relationship quality change and social relations quality change, and stress, anxiety and depression. The variables taken into consideration in the research have provided the explanation for the variation of stress-from 6% in the first stage of the research to 47% in the second stage; for the variation of anxiety-from 21% to 31%; and for the variation of depression-from 12% to 46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The research results show that due to distance work the distinction between professional work and family life might have been blurred, and as a consequence teachers' well-being could have been worsened. The isolation put on to stop the spreading of the virus might have contributed to changes in social relations, in close relations in particular, and at the same time negatively influenced teachers' abilities to effectively cope with the crisis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Daniel Jakubowski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Longitudinal associations between justice sensitivity, nonsuicidal self-injury, substance use, and victimization by peers. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1560-1572. [PMID: 33910661 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Justice sensitivity (JS), the tendency to perceive and negatively respond to alleged injustice, has been associated with a range of internalizing and externalizing problems and peer victimization; however, it remains unclear if it has an association with self-victimization. Participants (N = 769) reported on their JS longitudinally at 9-19 (T1), 11-21 (T2), and 14-22 years of age (T3). They further reported on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and illegal substance use as indicators of self-victimization as well as victimization by peers at T2 and T3. A cross-lagged latent model revealed that victim JS at T1 was positively associated with NSSI, substance use, and peer victimization at T2, and victim JS at T2 was positively associated with substance use at T3. Higher observer JS at T2 predicted higher illegal substance use at T3 and higher illegal substance use at T2 predicted higher observer JS at T3. Finally, higher peer victimization at T2 predicted less perpetrator JS at T3 in the total group. Multigroup models further revealed sex-specific effects. Our findings highlight that being sensitive to injustice, particularly the tendency to feel unfairly treated or being taken advantage of, contributes to individuals' vulnerability to both engaging in behaviors reflecting self-victimization and being a target of peer victimization, which in turn have influences on JS.
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Effects of victim justice sensitivity on envy: The role of upward social comparison and perceived control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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