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Zhang X, Liu L, Zhou Z, Qi M, Chen L. Prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among adolescents in Inner Mongolia, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37201. [PMID: 39286187 PMCID: PMC11403527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies in China have found that school bullying is prevalent among adolescents, most relevant research has focused on southern China, while research in northern China is limited. This study aimed to explore ethnic disparities in the socio-demographic determinants of school bullying in Inner Mongolia, a northern region of China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2891 adolescents in Inner Mongolia, China, from September to December 2022. Data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics and school bullying experiences were collected through questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, stratified by ethnicity, were employed to examine factors associated with school bullying. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to explore potential effect modifiers of the relationship between ethnicity and bullying. Results The prevalence of school bullying was 18.99 % (549/2891) overall, with 17.96 % (420/2339) among Han and 23.37 % (129/552) among ethnic minorities. Minority adolescents faced a higher risk of bullying compared to Han (OR = 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.08-1.69, P < 0.05). Middle school students were more vulnerable to bullying than high school students (OR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.03-1.52, P < 0.05). Among Han adolescents, having a mother with high school education was protective against bullying (OR = 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.54-0.93, P < 0.05), while it was an associated factor for minorities (OR = 2.06, 95%CI:1.23-3.46, P < 0.05). Good family economic status was an associated factor for bullying among Han (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P < 0.05), but not among minorities. Belonging to other family structures (remarriage/foster family, intergenerational families, live with relatives and elders) was an associated factor for minorities (OR = 2.60, 95 % CI: 1.37-4.92, P < 0.05), but not for Han. Subgroup analyses revealed significant ethnic disparities in bullying experiences among middle school students, those from nuclear family, other family, and fair economic backgrounds (all P < 0.05). Interaction effects between ethnicity and these variables were not significant (all P > 0.05). Limitations This cross-sectional study has limitations in establishing causal relationships between identified associated factors and school bullying. Conclusions Ethnic minority adolescents in Inner Mongolia, China, especially middle school students, face a higher risk of school bullying than their Han peers. The differential impact of maternal education, family economic status, and family structure on bullying risk between Han and minority adolescents underscores the need for culturally sensitive, targeted interventions that consider the unique challenges faced by ethnic minority students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Humanities Research Institute, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Nursing, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zihang Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation and Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Rababah J, Al-Hammouri MM, Awawdeh A. The association between undergraduate nursing students' health literacy and bullying and cyberbullying victimization. J Prof Nurs 2024; 52:15-20. [PMID: 38777521 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying and cyberbullying victimization are common among undergraduate nursing students. However, evidence regarding health literacy association with bullying and cyberbullying victimization is lacking. PURPOSE To investigate the association between health literacy and bullying and cyberbullying victimization in undergraduate nursing students. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of undergraduate nursing students (N = 397). The students completed three data collection scales (Forms of Peer Victimization Scale, Florence Cyberbullying-Cybervictimization Scales, and Health Literacy Questionnaire) and a demographics questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using cluster analysis and independent samples t-test. RESULTS The mean age of students was 20.93 (SD = 2.16). Cluster analysis revealed that there were two clusters; undergraduate nursing students in cluster 1 had lower scores on health literacy and higher scores on bullying and cyberbullying victimization. The t-test results showed that undergraduate nursing students with a history of bullying victimization had lower scores on health literacy scales than those who reported no exposure to bullying victimization (p < .05). The largest mean difference was found in the "social support for health" scale. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide evidence that health literacy is a key determinant of mitigating bullying and cyberbullying victimization in undergraduate nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Rababah
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | | | - Ayat Awawdeh
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Zou H, Huang J, Zhang W, Wu J, Wu W, Huo L. The effect of cyberbullying victimization and traditional bullying victimization on suicidal ideation among Chinese female college students: The role of rumination and insomnia. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:862-870. [PMID: 37604242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of college student suicide has emerged as a significant global public health concern. To date, there has been a lack of extensive research on the effects of distinct forms of bullying victimization (traditional bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization) on suicidal ideation, as well as the differences between them. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between two forms of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among female college students, while also considering the potential mediating effects of rumination and insomnia. METHODS A total of 2106 female college students from Southern China participated in this study. The participants had a mean age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.04 years). Participants completed the MINI-C questionnaire, School Bullying Behavior Questionnaire, Cyberbullying Inventory (CBI), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The mediation models were conducted using Model 4 and Model 6 of the Process macro program in SPSS. RESULTS The results showed that (1) the mediating effect of rumination in the relationship between different forms of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation was significant; (2) The mediating effect of insomnia in the relationship between traditional bullying victimization and suicidal ideation was not significant; the mediating effect between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation was significant. (3) The chain mediating effect of rumination and insomnia in the relationship between different forms of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation were both significant. CONCLUSION This study endeavor represents the first attempt to investigate the relationship between two forms of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, 510631 Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, 510631 Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiefang Wu
- School of Marxism, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, 510520 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, 510631 Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
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Huang X, Zhou Y, Yang R, Li D, Hu J, Xue Y, Wan Y, Fang J, Zhang S. Moderating role of mental health literacy on the relationship between bullying victimization during the life course and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Chinese college students. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1459. [PMID: 37525159 PMCID: PMC10388468 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent bullying victimization across multiple periods results in a high risk of worse consequences. Although amples studies support the association between bullying victimization and symptoms of anxiety and depression, whether mental health literacy can serve as a moderator on this relationship remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the patterns of bullying victimization across the life course, and disentangle the moderating effect of mental health literacy between bullying victimization patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Chinese college students. METHODS A total of 4036 college students were enrolled by cluster sampling from November 2020 to January 2021. Bullying victimization, mental health literacy, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by self-report validated questionnaires. A latent class analysis was applied to identify bullying patterns. The PROCESS program was conducted to analyze whether mental health literacy moderates the link between bullying victimization patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Three latent patterns of bullying victimization were identified as follows: persistent bullying pattern (6.2%), moderate bullying pattern (10.5%), and low bullying pattern (83.3%). Logisitic regression analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms indicated that compared with low bullying pattern, persistent bullying pattern had the highest risk. Specifically, mental health literacy moderated the association between bullying victimization pattern and anxiety symptoms (B = -0.039, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is important for practitioners to examine bullying victimization across the life course concurrently rather than a single period in isolation. Interventions and research should enhance mental health literacy to improve the mental health in college students with a history of bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Anhui Medical College, 632Th Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81Th Meishan Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632Th Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632Th Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
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Liu XQ, Guo YX, Xu Y. Risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders in college students: Stakeholder perspectives. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1442-1457. [PMID: 36926387 PMCID: PMC10011984 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i7.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of anxiety disorders among college students is high, which negatively affects countries, schools, families, and individual students to varying degrees. This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders among college students from the perspectives of different stakeholders. Risk factors at the national and societal levels include class differences and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. College-level risk factors include the indoor environment design of the college environment, peer relationships, student satisfaction with college culture, and school functional levels. Family-level risk factors include parenting style, family relationship, and parental level of education. Individual-level risk factors include biological factors, lifestyle, and personality. Among the intervention options for college students' anxiety disorders, in addition to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, psychological counseling, and group counseling, digital mental health interventions are increasingly popular due to their low cost, positive effect, and convenient diagnostics and treatment. To better apply digital intervention to the prevention and treatment of college students' anxiety, this paper suggests that the different stakeholders form a synergy among themselves. The nation and society should provide necessary policy guarantees, financial support, and moral and ethical supervision for the prevention and treatment of college students' anxiety disorders. Colleges should actively participate in the screening and intervention of college students' anxiety disorders. Families should increase their awareness of college students' anxiety disorders and take the initiative to study and understand various digital intervention methods. College students with anxiety disorders should actively seek psychological assistance and actively accept and participate in digital intervention projects and services. We believe that in the future, the application of methods such as big data and artificial intelligence to improve digital interventions and provide individualized treatment plans will become the primary means of preventing and treating anxiety disorders among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Li J, Sha S, Luo W, Zhou W, Dong Y, Zhang S. Prevalence and associated factors of bullying victimization among Chinese high school students in Shandong, China. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:667-674. [PMID: 36528133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying is a growing concern worldwide. However, there is insufficient research on the prevalence and factors associated with different forms of bullying in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of bullying victimization among Chinese high school students. METHODS Data from the 2020-2021 cross-sectional survey of the DYH program were used. A total of 8203 high school students were randomly selected from all 17 cities in Shandong Province, China. Bullying victimization was measured using two separate questions and identified into three types: school bullying victims, cyberbullying victims, and combined bullying victims. The multinomial logit model was used to explore the factors related to bullying victimization. RESULTS The prevalence of bullying victimization was 11.59 %, with 4.04 % of school bullying, 3.37 % of cyberbullying, and 4.18 % of combined bullying. Smoking was negatively associated with bullying victimizations. Male, physical exercise, peer relationships, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly associated with school bullying victims and combined victims. Watching TV was an influencing factor for school bullying victims and cyberbullying victims. Single-child households, family economic status, drinking alcohol, parent-child relationships, and paranoia were correlated with different types of bullying victimization. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limited the examination of causal inferences. CONCLUSION We should pay more attention to cyberbullying victimization, which has become as common as school bullying victimization among high school students. The associated factors explored in this study may contribute to understanding bullying victimizations and designing bullying intervention strategies among high school students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Li
- State key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sha Sha
- School of Sociology and Population Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- National Population Heath Data Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Population Heath Data Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Yan Dong
- The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, International Division, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Shengfa Zhang
- National Population Heath Data Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
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Xu YM, Pu SS, Li Y, Zhong BL. Possible Avoidant Personality Disorder Magnifies the Association Between Bullying Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese University Freshmen. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:822185. [PMID: 35250671 PMCID: PMC8891554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.822185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization has been associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese university students. This study examined the moderating effect of possible avoidant personality disorder (APD) on association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in university freshmen. METHODS A total of 1,453 freshmen were recruited from a comprehensive university in Wuhan, China, and administered a self-report questionnaire. The APD subscale of Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Version 4 and Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure the presence of possible APD and depressive symptoms, respectively. The moderating effect of possible APD was examined by testing the statistical significance of the interaction between victimization and possible APD in multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.8%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the interaction between bullying victimization and possible APD was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (OR: 1.80, P = 0.029). Subsequent subgroup analyses according to the status of possible APD showed that, the victimization-depression association was stronger among freshmen with possible APD (OR: 3.23, P < 0.001) than those without possible APD (OR: 1.82, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In Chinese university freshmen, bullying victimization is significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and possible APD magnifies the victimization-depression association. Bullied freshmen, particularly freshmen with possible APD, could be considered as the target group of campus-based depression intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Xu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Pu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
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