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Huang X, Sun Y, Zhang X. Overweight or Obesity Rate and Risk Factors in First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with Comorbid Abnormal Lipid Metabolism: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 38248829 PMCID: PMC10819232 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are frequent symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and abnormal lipid metabolism (ALM). There are no studies on the rate, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms of overweight/obesity in Chinese patients with MDD with comorbid ALM. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of overweight/obesity and the associated risk factors among Chinese patients with MDD first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) with comorbid ALM. This study was a cross-sectional research work. A total of 1718 patients were enrolled. Their clinical and laboratory data were obtained. All participants were assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale. The plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TG), blood glucose concentrations, thyroid peroxidase antibody (A-TPO), thyoglubulin antibody (A-TG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyoxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3), and blood glucose concentrations were measured. ALM was identified as elevations in the plasma lipid values in this study. Of all the included subjects, the rate of ALM was 81.1%. The rate of obesity and overweight was 3.94% and 57.21%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that TSH was the independent risk factor for overweight or obesity in MDD patients (adjusted OR = 1.158, 95%CI = 1.081-1.24, p < 0.001). The risk of developing overweight or obesity in MDD with ALM with comorbid TSH abnormalities was 2.176 times higher than those without TSH abnormalities (p < 0.001). Further linear regression showed TSH level (B = 0.1, t = 3.376, p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (B = 0.015, t = 2.351, p = 0.019) were risk factors for a higher body mass index (BMI). Our results demonstrate that being overweight is very frequent among patients with FEDN MDD with comorbid ALM but not obesity. TSH was the risk factor for overweight and obesity in MDD patients with comorbid ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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John U, Rumpf HJ, Hanke M, Meyer C. Behavior-related health risk factors, mental disorders and mortality after 20 years in a working aged general population sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16764. [PMID: 37798350 PMCID: PMC10556137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality is predicted by the sum of behavior-related health risk factors (BRFs: tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, body overweight, and physical inactivity). We analyzed degrees and combinations of BRFs in their relation to mortality and adjusted for mental disorders. In a random sample of the general population in northern Germany aged 18-64, BRFs and mental disorders had been assessed in 1996-1997 by the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A sum score including eight ranks of the behavior-related health risk factors was built. Death and its causes were ascertained 2017-2018 using residents' registration files and death certificates. Relations of the sum score and combinations of the BRFs at baseline with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality 20 years later were analyzed. The sum score and combinations predicted all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. The odds ratio of the sum score was 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.31-1.46) after adjustment for age, gender, and mental disorder. In addition to the BRFs, mood, anxiety or somatoform disorders were not related to mortality. We concluded that the sum score and combinations of behavior-related health risk factors predicted mortality, even after adjustment for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich John
- Institute of Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group S:TEP, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Hanke
- Institute of Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institute of Community Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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McIntyre RS, Alsuwaidan M, Baune BT, Berk M, Demyttenaere K, Goldberg JF, Gorwood P, Ho R, Kasper S, Kennedy SH, Ly-Uson J, Mansur RB, McAllister-Williams RH, Murrough JW, Nemeroff CB, Nierenberg AA, Rosenblat JD, Sanacora G, Schatzberg AF, Shelton R, Stahl SM, Trivedi MH, Vieta E, Vinberg M, Williams N, Young AH, Maj M. Treatment-resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:394-412. [PMID: 37713549 PMCID: PMC10503923 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with demonstrated predictive utility in terms of clinical decision-making and health outcomes does not currently exist. Instead, a plethora of definitions have been proposed, which vary significantly in their conceptual framework. The absence of a consensus definition hampers precise estimates of the prevalence of TRD, and also belies efforts to identify risk factors, prevention opportunities, and effective interventions. In addition, it results in heterogeneity in clinical practice decision-making, adversely affecting quality of care. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have adopted the most used definition of TRD (i.e., inadequate response to a minimum of two antidepressants despite adequacy of the treatment trial and adherence to treatment). It is currently estimated that at least 30% of persons with depression meet this definition. A significant percentage of persons with TRD are actually pseudo-resistant (e.g., due to inadequacy of treatment trials or non-adherence to treatment). Although multiple sociodemographic, clinical, treatment and contextual factors are known to negatively moderate response in persons with depression, very few factors are regarded as predictive of non-response across multiple modalities of treatment. Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine (co-administered with an antidepressant) are established as efficacious in the management of TRD. Some second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, quetiapine XR) are proven effective as adjunctive treatments to antidepressants in partial responders, but only the olanzapine-fluoxetine combination has been studied in FDA-defined TRD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is established as effective and FDA-approved for individuals with TRD, with accelerated theta-burst TMS also recently showing efficacy. Electroconvulsive therapy is regarded as an effective acute and maintenance intervention in TRD, with preliminary evidence suggesting non-inferiority to acute intravenous ketamine. Evidence for extending antidepressant trial, medication switching and combining antidepressants is mixed. Manual-based psychotherapies are not established as efficacious on their own in TRD, but offer significant symptomatic relief when added to conventional antidepressants. Digital therapeutics are under study and represent a potential future clinical vista in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S McIntyre
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Alsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Deakin University IMPACT Institute, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph F Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center of Brain Research, Molecular Neuroscience Branch, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Josefina Ly-Uson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of The Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Hamish McAllister-Williams
- Northern Center for Mood Disorders, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, and Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James W Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen M Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nolan Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Li C, Li X, Li Y, Niu X. The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2103-2124. [PMID: 37325255 PMCID: PMC10263158 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s411112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Existing studies on the association between BMI and depression report conflicting results with some demonstrating a positive relationship, while others a negative link or insignificant correlation. Very limited research on the nonlinear relationship between BMI and depression has yet to clarify the reliability and robustness of the potential nonlinearity and whether a more complex association exists. This paper aims to systematically investigate the nonlinear relationship between the two factors applying rigorous statistical methods, as well as explore the heterogeneity of their association. Materials and Methods A large-scale nationally representative dataset, Chinese General Social Survey, is used to empirically analyze the nonlinear relationship between BMI and perceived depression. Various statistical tests are employed to check the robustness of the nonlinearity. Results Results indicate that there is a U-shaped relationship between BMI and perceived depression, with the turning point (25.718) very close to while slightly larger than the upper limit of the range of healthy weight (18.500 ≤ BMI < 25.000) defined by World Health Organization. Both very high and low BMIs are associated with increased risk for depressive disorders. Furthermore, perceived depression is higher at almost all BMI levels among individuals who are older, female, lower educated, unmarried, in rural areas, belonging to ethnic minorities, non-Communist Party of China members, as well as those with lower income and uncovered by social security. In addition, these subgroups have smaller inflection points and their self-rated depression is more sensitive to BMI. Conclusion This paper confirms a significant U-shaped trend in the association between BMI and depression. Therefore, it is important to account for the variations in this relationship across different BMI categories when using BMI to predict depression risk. Besides, this study clarifies the management goals for achieving an appropriate BMI from a mental health perspective and identifies vulnerable subgroups at higher risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Li
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Niu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
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Kaunang TMD, Setiawan AA, Mayulu N, Leonita I, Wijaya A, Yusuf VM, Mahira MFNA, Yudisthira D, Gunawan WB, Taslim NA, Purnomo AF, Sabrina N, Amalia N, Permatasari HK, Nurkolis F. Are probiotics beneficial for obese patients with major depressive disorder? Opinion for future implications and strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205434. [PMID: 37324742 PMCID: PMC10264610 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M. D. Kaunang
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University-Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | | | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Ivena Leonita
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Afredo Wijaya
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Dewangga Yudisthira
- Medical Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Alumnus of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Athaya Febriantyo Purnomo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya - Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nindy Sabrina
- Nutrition Program, Faculty of Food Technology and Health, Sahid University of Jakarta, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurlinah Amalia
- Biomedical Science Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Zhang X, Han L, Lu C, McIntyre RS, Teopiz KM, Wang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Brain structural and functional alterations in individuals with combined overweight/obesity and mood disorders: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:166-179. [PMID: 37149050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests there is a bidirectional relationship between depression and obesity, which are associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms subserving the foregoing associations have yet to be characterized. It is necessary to summarize the neuroplastic brain changes in relation to depression and obesity. We systematically searched articles from 1990 to November 2022 on databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO. Only neuroimaging studies within the scope of potential differences in brain function and structure in individuals with depression and obesity/ BMI changes were included. Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the review herein, consisting of 17 studies reporting changes in brain structure, 4 studies reporting abnormal brain function, and 3 studies reporting both changes in brain structure and function. Results indicated an interaction between depression and obesity on brain functions, and their influence on brain structure is both extensive and specific. Overall, reduced whole brain, intracranial, and gray matter volume (e.g. frontal, temporal gyri, thalamic, and hippocampal) and impaired white matter integrity was observed in persons with depression and obesity comorbidity. Additional evidence on resting state fMRI reveals select brain regions associated with cognitive control, emotion regulation, and reward functions. Due to the diversity of tasks in task fMRI, the distinct neural activation patterns are revealed separately. The bidirectional relationship between depression and obesity reflects different characteristics in brain structure and function. Longitudinal designs should be reinforced in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chenxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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7
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Di Bella G, Cusumano C, Parisi A, Tagliaferri F, Ciriminna S, Barbagallo M. Mediterranean diet in the management and prevention of obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112121. [PMID: 36792040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic of obesity represents a major global public health problem, mainly due to its association with chronic non-communicable disabling conditions and with increased mortality. Population aging increases the chances of non-communicable chronic diseases allowing a longer exposure to risk factors for these disabling conditions. Obesity is a major risk factor contributing to pathological aging. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease and cancer increases progressively as overweight and obesity rise. Nutrition research is now focused on the effects of combinations of foods in dietary patterns instead of those of single nutrients or foods. The dietary model with the largest body of evidence of health benefit is that traditionally followed by inhabitants of some Mediterranean countries. There is evidence confirming the inverse association of adhering to Mediterranean diet with overweight and obesity. Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, including up to 16 trials, have shown a greater reduction of body weight and BMI with MedDiet compared to other diets, while a meta-analysis of 7 prospective cohort studies, found a reduced risk of becoming obese and gaining weight over time associated with a higher adherence to MedDiet. This narrative review examines studies reporting inverse associations of a higher adherence to the MedDiet with overweight/obesity and with age-associated chronic diseases related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Bella
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cusumano
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Parisi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Tagliaferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciriminna
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Espinoza-Turcios E, Gonzales-Romero RM, Sosa-Mendoza C, Sierra-Santos M, Castro-Ramos HN, Zambrano LI, Armada J, Mejía CR. Factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in the Honduran-Central America population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1116881. [PMID: 36937724 PMCID: PMC10014751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe mental health of the population has been affected by COVID-19, reporting in many populations higher levels of depressive, anxious and stress symptoms, however, in Honduras there are no studies showing the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the population.AimTo determine the factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in times of COVID-19 in the Honduran population.MethodsCross-sectional analytical study. Three scales were used, Beck for hopelessness, Hamilton for depression and anxiety, through interviews with the population attending different levels of health care throughout the country. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. For hopelessness, the Beck Hopelessness Scale was used; for depression and anxiety, the Hamilton Scale was used.ResultsOf the 8,125 participants, the population in general showed results of hopelessness 14.9%, depression 12.9% and anxiety 1.2%, there was less hopelessness among women (p = 0.004), university students (p < 0.001), but greater among those who had a family member deceased by COVID-19 (p < 0.001), among those who had diabetes mellitus (DM) (p < 0.001), history of mental illness (p < 0.001) or had consumed drugs in the last 6 months (p < 0.001). There was more depression among those with arterial hypertension (p = 0.002), obesity (p = 0.019), DM (p = 0.004), history of mental illness (p < 0.001) or had consumed drugs in the last 6 months (p < 0.001). There was more anxiety among those infected with COVID-19 (p = 0.023), according to having a family member deceased by COVID-19 (p = 0.045) and in those with a history of mental illness (p < 0.001).DiscussionThe Honduran population presented important differences in the socio-pathological, according to the loss of family members or having previous illnesses, this according to the presentation of problems in the mental sphere.ConclusionWe found factors associated with hopelessness, we found factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in times of COVID-19 in the Honduran population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Espinoza-Turcios
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- *Correspondence: Eleonora Espinoza-Turcios,
| | - René Mauricio Gonzales-Romero
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carlos Sosa-Mendoza
- Honduran Institute for the Prevention of Alcoholism, Drug Addiction and Drug Dependency (IHADFA), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Manuel Sierra-Santos
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Henry Noel Castro-Ramos
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lysien Ivania Zambrano
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - José Armada
- Faculty of Business Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Christian R. Mejía
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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