Associations of greenness surrounding schools and self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents

Exploring the pathways linking visual green space to depression in older adults in Shanghai, China: using street view data

OBJECTIVES

To examine (1) how visual green space quantity and quality affect depression among older adults; (2) whether and how the links may be mediated by perceived stress, physical activity, neighbourhood social cohesion, and air pollution (PM2.5); and (3) whether there are differences in the mediation across visual green space quantity and quality.

METHOD

We used older adults samples (aged over 65) from the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai, China. Depression was quantified by two self-reported questions related to the diagnosis of depression and medications or other treatments for depression. Visual green space quantity and quality were calculated using street view images and machine learning methods (street view green space = SVG). Mediators included perceived stress, social cohesion, physical activity, and PM2.5. Multilevel logistic and linear regression models were applied to understand the mediating roles of the above mediators in the link between visual green space quantity and quality and depression in older adults.

RESULTS

SVG quantity and quality were negatively related to depression. Significant partial mediators for SVG quality were social cohesion and perceived stress. For SVG quantity, there was no evidence that any of the above mediators mediated the association.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicated that visual green space quantity and quality may be related to depression in older adults through different mechanisms.

Unraveling the longitudinal relationships between connectedness to nature, depressive symptoms, and learning burnout in adolescents

INTRODUCTION

Following the conservation of resource theory and natural stress reduction theory, the current study investigated mediated pathways, reverse mediated pathways, and reciprocal pathways between connectedness to nature, depressive symptoms, and adolescent learning burnout via a half-longitudinal analysis, and discussed gender differences in the three models.

METHODS

Two waves of data were collected in December 2022 (T1) and June 2023 (T2) for this study. The sample consisted of 1092 Chinese adolescents (52.20% girls, Mage = 13.03, SD = 1.43). Semi-longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between connectedness to nature, depressive symptoms, and adolescent academic burnout.

RESULTS

The results indicated that connectedness to nature can serve as a positive resource to alleviate the levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents and thereby decrease learning burnout. However, the protective effect of connectedness to nature was smaller, and the decreasing effect of learning burnout on connectedness to nature was stronger than the alleviating effect of connectedness to nature on learning burnout. Additionally, the study found that depressive symptoms and academic burnout have a mutually reinforcing effect over time and that the effects of this interaction are more pronounced in females.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study emphasizes the protective role of nature connectedness and the detrimental effects of learning burnout in adolescents.

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Psychological Health and Influencing Factors Among 2628 Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 Patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital

Purpose

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health concern. Many people have been forced to change their lifestyles, which has led to psychological and sleep problem. This study aims to investigate the psychological health problems and factors among patients in the Fangcang Shelter Hospital (FSH) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients and Methods

A Cross-Sectional survey was conducted to investigate the sleep, anxiety, depression and stress disorders of 2628 asymptomatic and mild patients treated in FSH of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, from 30 October to 6 December 2022, by scanning a WeChat two-dimensional code. Sociodemographic data and influencing factors in FSH were collected, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were administered. Descriptive statistics, t-tests or analysis of variance, Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between different variables and their impact on psychological health indicators.

Results

The proportions of patients with insomnia, depressive disorder, anxiety, and stress disorders were 33.49%, 35.80%, 31.74%, and 43.57%, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that factors such as gender, higher education level, positive nucleic acid test results, longer illness duration, underlying diseases, and extended electronic device use were associated with elevated psychological distress scores. Notably, within FSH, extended exposure to light, a noisy environment, and sleep schedule management significantly impacted the prevalence of insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress disorders (p<0.01). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis identified higher education level, light exposure, noisy environment, sleep management, and electronic device usage as the primary risk factors for psychological distress.

Conclusion

Patients in FSH face psychological distress influenced by sociodemographic factors, environment, and lifestyle, highlighting the need for integrated psychological support in healthcare, particularly in temporary medical facilities during crises.

Association of greenness surrounding school with aggression among adolescents: A multi-site study in China

Association of greenness surrounding school with aggression among adolescents was not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations of greenness surrounding school with adolescents' total and sub-types of aggression and explore potential mediators underlying these associations. A multi-site study of 15,301 adolescents aged 11-20 years were recruited through a multistage, random cluster sampling across 5 representative provinces in mainland China. Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within circular buffers of 100 m, 500 m, and 1000 m surrounding school were used to indicate the adolescents' greenness exposure. We used the Chinese version of Buss and Warren's Aggression Questionnaire to assess total and sub-types of aggression. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, and NO2 were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants datasets. Per IQR increment of NDVI 100 m and 500 m surrounding school was associated with lower odds of total aggression; odds ratio [OR] with 95% CI was 0.958 (0.926-0.990) for the 100 m buffer and 0.963 (0.932-0.996) for the 500 m buffer, respectively. Similar associations can be observed in two sub-types of aggression, including verbal (NDVI 100 m: 0.960 (0.925-0.995); NDVI500m: 0.964 (0.930-0.999)) and indirect aggression (NDVI 100 m: 0.956 (0.924-0.990); NDVI500m: 0.953 (0.921-0.986)). There were no sex and age differences in the associations of school surrounding greenness with aggression, except that the beneficial associations of greenness exposure with total aggression (0.933(0.895-0.975) vs.1.005(0.956-1.056)), physical aggression (0.971(0.925-1.019) vs.1.098(1.043-1.156)), and hostility (0.942(0.901-0.986) vs.1.016(0.965-1.069)) were greater among participants aged ≥16 years than those aged<16 years. PM2.5 (proportion mediated estimates: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.94) and NO2 (-0.78, 95% CI: -3.22, -0.37) mediated the association of NDVI 500 m surrounding school with total aggression. Our data indicated that exposure to greenness in school surroundings was associated with reduced aggression, particularly in verbal and indirect aggression. The presence of PM2.5 and NO2 partially mediated these associations.

Flow experience and city identity in the restorative environment: A conceptual model and nature-based intervention

Within environmental psychology, the restorative environment is receiving increasing attention due to its favorable impact on people's mental recovery, stress reduction, and psychophysiological well-being. Flow theory, as one of the foundations of positive psychology, is a popular theoretical framework for understanding human flourishing and well-being. The restorative environment is suggested to facilitate flow experience and city identity from the perspective of positive environmental psychology. Nonetheless, systematic research investigating them all together can hardly be traced. Thus, through a preliminary review of 169 relevant studies retrieved from the data source, this work proposes a novel theoretical model in which people's interactions within the restorative environment facilitate their experience of flow and perceived city identity. Additionally, this research provides conceptual guidance for city workers to engage in nature-based intervention and leisure therapy for improved well-being. Overall, this review endeavors to contribute to developing urban workers' restoration, happiness, and well-being from both practical and theoretical perspectives.