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Gamba RJ, Leung CW, Petito L, Abrams B, Laraia BA. Sugar sweetened beverage consumption during pregnancy is associated with lower diet quality and greater total energy intake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215686. [PMID: 31022225 PMCID: PMC6483237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify the socio-economic correlates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among pregnant women and analyze to what extent SSB consumption is associated with diet quality and total energy intake. Additionally, we aim to predict how diet quality scores and totally energy intakes would change if SSB consumption was artificially set to 0. DESIGN Repeated Cross Sectional Study. SETTING United States. SUBJECTS SSB consumption was estimated from 1-2 24-hour dietary recalls from 1,154 pregnant women who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Linear regression models were used to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with SSB consumption and to assess the associations between SSB consumption and diet quality and total energy intake. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). RESULTS The mean SSB intake was 1.3 servings per day (sd 1.5). Having a household income ≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level, being born in the United States, and not being married or living with a partner were positively associated with SSB consumption. Every 12 oz. of SSBs consumed was associated with a 2.3 lower AHEI-P score (95% CI: 1.6, 2.9) and the consumption of 124 more calories (95% CI: 85, 163), after adjusting for age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, survey year and day/s of the week the recall/s were collected. Our predictive models indicated that average AHEI-P would be 6.4 (5.4, 7.6) higher and average total energy intakes would be 203.5 calories (122.2, 284.8) lower if SSB intake was set to 0. CONCLUSIONS SSB consumption is associated with poorer diet quality and higher total energy intake among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Gamba
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy W. Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucia Petito
- Division of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Abrams
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Laraia
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Yeomans MR, Milton MR, Chambers L. Additive effects of sensory-enhanced satiety and memory for recent eating on appetite. Appetite 2017; 117:335-341. [PMID: 28729200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The sensory characteristics of a product have been shown to interact with actual nutrient content to generate satiety. Separately, cued recall of recent eating has also been shown to reduce food intake. Here we explore for the first time how these two effects interact, with the hypothesis that sensory enhancement of satiety might be mediated by more vivid memory of the earlier consumed item. On each of two test sessions, 119 women volunteers consumed a control drink (lemonade) on one morning and then one of two test drinks on the next day 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. The test drinks were equicaloric but one was noticeably thicker and creamier, and expected to generate stronger satiety. Just prior to the test lunch, participants were asked to recall either the test drink (test recall) or the drink from the previous day (control recall). Overall, lunch intake was significantly lower after the thicker and creamier (enhanced sensory ES) than thinner (low sensory: LS) test drink (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11) regardless of recall condition (p = 0.65, η2 < 0.01), but was significantly lower after the test than control recall condition (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.14). Rated hunger was lower after consuming the ES than LS drink both immediately after consumption (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11) and prior to the test lunch (p = 0.007, η2 = 0.06), while rated hunger just before lunch tended to be lower after recalling the test than control drink (p = 0.052, η2 = 0.03) regardless of the sensory characteristics (p = 0.27, η2 = 0.01). Overall these data further demonstrate the power of 'sensory-enhanced satiety' and cued recall of earlier eating as methods to reduce acute food intake, but suggest these effects operate independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Yeomans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
| | | | - Lucy Chambers
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK; British Nutrition Foundation, London, WC2B 6UN, UK
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Ford ND, Patel SA, Narayan KV. Obesity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges. Annu Rev Public Health 2017; 38:145-164. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the distinctive features of excess weight, its causes, and related prevention and management efforts, as well as data gaps and recommendations for future research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Obesity is rising in every region of the world, and no country has been successful at reversing the epidemic once it has begun. In LMICs, overweight is higher in women compared with men, in urban compared with rural settings, and in older compared with younger individuals; however, the urban–rural overweight differential is shrinking in many countries. Overweight occurs alongside persistent burdens of underweight in LMICs, especially in young women. Changes in the global diet and physical activity are among the hypothesized leading contributors to obesity. Emerging risk factors include environmental contaminants, chronic psychosocial stress, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms. Data on effective strategies to prevent the onset of obesity in LMICs or elsewhere are limited. Expanding the research in this area is a key priority and has important possibilities for reverse innovation that may also inform interventions in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Ford
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;,
| | - K.M. Venkat Narayan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;,
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El-Terras A, Soliman MM, Alkhedaide A, Attia HF, Alharthy A, Banaja AE. Carbonated soft drinks induce oxidative stress and alter the expression of certain genes in the brains of Wistar rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3147-54. [PMID: 26936207 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, the consumption of carbonated soft drinks is common and often occurs with each meal. Carbonated soft drink consumption has been shown to exhibit effects on the liver, kidney and bone. However, the effects of these soft drinks on brain activity have not been widely examined, particularly at the gene level. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of chronic carbonated soft drink consumption on oxidative stress, brain gene biomarkers associated with aggression and brain histology. In total, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 served as a control and was provided access to food and water ad libitum; and groups 2‑4 were given free access to food and carbonated soft drinks only (Cola for group 2, Pepsi for group 3 and 7‑UP for group 4). Animals were maintained on these diets for 3 consecutive months. Upon completion of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and serological and histopathological analyses were performed on blood and tissues samples. Reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze alterations in gene expression levels. Results revealed that carbonated soft drinks increased the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Carbonated soft drinks were also observed to downregulate the expression of antioxidants glutathione reductase (GR), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain when compared with that in the control rats. Rats administered carbonated soft drinks also exhibited decreased monoamine oxidase A (MAO‑A) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) serum and mRNA levels in the brain. In addition, soft drink consumption upregulated mRNA expression of dopamine D2 receptor (DD2R), while 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5‑HTT) expression was decreased. However, following histological examination, all rats had a normal brain structure. The results of this study demonstrated that that carbonated soft drinks induced oxidative stress and altered the expression of certain genes that are associated with the brain activity and thus should be consumed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel El-Terras
- Al‑Saedan Research Chair for Genetic Behavioral Disorders, Taif University, Taif, Mecca 21421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Al‑Saedan Research Chair for Genetic Behavioral Disorders, Taif University, Taif, Mecca 21421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alkhedaide
- Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Turabah, Mecca 21411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Fouad Attia
- Al‑Saedan Research Chair for Genetic Behavioral Disorders, Taif University, Taif, Mecca 21421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alharthy
- Al‑Saedan Research Chair for Genetic Behavioral Disorders, Taif University, Taif, Mecca 21421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Elah Banaja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Mecca 11111, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zytnick D, Park S, Onufrak SJ, Kingsley BS, Sherry B. Knowledge of sugar content of sports drinks is not associated with sports drink consumption. Am J Health Promot 2015; 30:101-8. [PMID: 25372240 PMCID: PMC8554793 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130916-quan-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine U.S. adult knowledge of the sugar content of sports drinks and whether this knowledge and other characteristics are associated with their sports drink consumption. DESIGN Nonexperimental. SETTING Nationally representative 2011 Summer ConsumerStyles survey data. SUBJECTS 3929 U.S. adults. MEASURES The outcome variable was sports drink consumption in the past 7 days. The main exposure variable was knowledge about sports drinks containing sugar. The covariates were sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, and weight status. ANALYSIS Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for adults consuming sports drinks ≥1 times/wk after controlling for other characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 22% of adults reported consuming sports drinks ≥1 times/wk. Most adults (71%) agreed that sports drinks contain sugar; however, this agreement was not significantly associated with adults' sports drink consumption. The odds of drinking sports drinks ≥1 times/wk were significantly higher among younger adults aged 18 to 64 years (OR range: 5.46-2.71), males (OR = 2.09), high-school graduates (OR = 1.52), and highly active adults (OR = 2.09). CONCLUSION There were disparities in sports drink consumption by sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity level; however, knowledge of sports drinks' sugar content was not associated with consumption. Understanding why some population groups are higher consumers may assist in the development of education, providing those groups with a better understanding of sports drinks' nutritional value and health consequences of excessive sugar consumption in any form.
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Hernández-Cordero S, López-Olmedo N, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Barquera-Cervera S, Rivera-Dommarco J, Popkin B. Comparing a 7-day diary vs. 24 h-recall for estimating fluid consumption in overweight and obese Mexican women. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1031. [PMID: 26446676 PMCID: PMC4597614 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is linked to increased weight, energy intake, and diabetes. Even though the increasing interest on beverages and water intake, there are few dietary tools carefully validated. The purpose of this paper is to compare a fluid intake 7-day diary against a 24-h recall questionnaire to estimate the fluid consumption in overweight and obese women participating in a randomized controlled trial in Mexico. METHODS This cross-sectional study explored the correlation of reported fluid consumption between two methods: 3-day 24-hr recalls and 7-day diary beverage registry in overweight and obese Mexican women aged 18-45 y (n = 190). RESULTS There was no difference on median estimated volume (mL/d), nor the median estimated energy (kcal/d) from total beverage consumption registered by the two dietary tools. The crude and rank correlation among the two dietary instruments was high for total fluid consumption in mL/d r = 0.7, p < 0.001 (crude and rank correlation) and for fluid consumption measured as energy intake: r = 0.7; p < 0.001 crude, and r = 0.5; p < 0.001 rank correlation. By type of beverage, the more meaningful rank correlations were for fluid intake in: mL/d, water, alcohol beverages, and SSB; and in kcal/d, alcohol beverages and SSBs (rank correlation ≥ 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the 7-day diary showed high and strong rank correlations with that reported in the 24-h recall, suggesting that the diary method is a valid dietary tool to evaluate total fluid, water and SSB intake in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hernández-Cordero
- Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Simón Barquera-Cervera
- Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Juan Rivera-Dommarco
- Center of Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Sta. Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Barry Popkin
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
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Losasso C, Cappa V, Neuhouser ML, Giaccone V, Andrighetto I, Ricci A. Students' Consumption of Beverages and Snacks at School and Away from School: A Case Study in the North East of Italy. Front Nutr 2015; 2:30. [PMID: 26501063 PMCID: PMC4595772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In North-East Italy (the Veneto region), several public school nutrition policies have been developed to reduce the consumption of high-caloric snacks and beverages. However, little is known about whether the policies actually influence students’ dietary behaviors. In order to address this point, a multi-center cross-sectional survey of 691 Italian students was conducted. Students completed the Beverage and Snack Questionnaire, which assesses the consumption of beverages and snacks at school and out of school. Three-level Poisson Models with random intercept with students (level 1 units) nested into classroom (level 2 units), and nested into schools (level 3 units), were used to examine the influence of the school setting vs. the out of school environment (independent variable) on students’ consumption of sweet beverages, snacks, milk-based beverages, low-carbohydrate drinks, fruit, and vegetables (dependent variable) (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed a significantly higher consumption of sweet beverages, snacks, milk-based beverages, low-carbohydrate drinks, fruit, and vegetables out-of-the school, suggesting a school-protective association Thus, the policies aimed to limit or deny access to unhealthy foods in the school environment may play an important role in promoting more healthful dietary patterns for school children. Additional studies should be conducted to compare students’ dietary behaviors between schools with nutrition policies to those without nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Veronica Cappa
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
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van der Zanden LDT, van Essen H, van Kleef E, de Wijk RA, van Trijp HCM. Using a verbal prompt to increase protein consumption in a hospital setting: a field study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:110. [PMID: 26377396 PMCID: PMC4574069 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient protein intake among hospitalized patients may contribute to faster recovery and a decrease in healthcare costs. Nevertheless, hospitalized patients are often found to consume too little protein. This field study explored the success of a small, inexpensive intervention adapted from the marketing literature, to encourage protein consumption among hospitalized patients. Methods The study was performed at a hospital where patients order food by calling to the meal service. The intervention consisted of a verbal prompt: “Would you like some [target product] with that?”, which was presented to patients by trained telephone operators, after patients finished ordering their lunch. Target products were two foods rich in protein; fruit quark and yoghurt drink. For half of the patients, the verbal prompt was preceded by verbal praise on their lunch order, which was aimed to increase compliance with the verbal prompt. Results Three hundred and fifteen hospitalized patients, aged 18–87 years took part in the study. Verbal prompts significantly increased ordering of the target products nearly sevenfold (from ordering by 6.5 % of patients to 45.2 % of patients). Protein content of ordered lunch and all food orders of the day combined showed a trend, with orders of patients receiving only a verbal prompt or a verbal prompt and verbal praise containing a larger amount of protein than lunch orders of patients in the control condition. At an individual level, protein content of ordered food increased significantly, reaching the 25–30 g of protein per main meal recommended by dieticians of the hospital. Verbal praise did not increase compliance with the verbal prompt. Patients consumed most or all of the target product and verbal prompts were not perceived to be obtrusive. Conclusions Although changing eating patterns is challenging, this study shows that simple interventions such as verbal prompts may be useful tools for health professionals to stimulate healthy food consumption among patients during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte D T van der Zanden
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harmen van Essen
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen van Kleef
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - René A de Wijk
- Food and Biobased Research, Consumer Science & Intelligent Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans C M van Trijp
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Troesch B, Biesalski HK, Bos R, Buskens E, Calder PC, Saris WHM, Spieldenner J, Verkade HJ, Weber P, Eggersdorfer M. Increased Intake of Foods with High Nutrient Density Can Help to Break the Intergenerational Cycle of Malnutrition and Obesity. Nutrients 2015; 7:6016-37. [PMID: 26197337 PMCID: PMC4517043 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A workshop held at the University Medical Center in Groningen, The Netherlands, aimed at discussing the nutritional situation of the population in general and the role diet plays during critical windows in the life course, during which the body is programmed for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are increasingly prevalent as our society ages, and nutrition is well known to play an important role in determining the risk and the time of onset of many common NCDs. Even in affluent countries, people have difficulties to achieve adequate intakes for a range of nutrients: Economic constraints as well as modern lifestyles lead people to consume diets with a positive energy balance, but low in micronutrients, resulting in increasing prevalence of obesity and suboptimal nutritional status. Information about nutrient density, which refers to the content of micronutrients relative to energy in food or diets, can help identify foods that have a low calorie to nutrient ratio. It thus allows the consumption of diets that cover nutritional needs without increasing the risk of becoming obese. Given the impact a nutrient dense, low energy diet can have on health, researchers, food industry and governments jointly should develop options for affordable, appealing nutrient-rich food products, which, in combination with physical activity, allow for optimal health throughout the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - Hans K Biesalski
- Institut für Biologische Chemie und Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Rolf Bos
- FrieslandCampina, Bronland 20, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Buskens
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Jörg Spieldenner
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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Sheehy T, Roache C, Sharma S. Eating habits of a population undergoing a rapid dietary transition: portion sizes of traditional and non-traditional foods and beverages consumed by Inuit adults in Nunavut, Canada. Nutr J 2013; 12:70. [PMID: 23724920 PMCID: PMC3674896 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the portion sizes of traditional and non-traditional foods being consumed by Inuit adults in three remote communities in Nunavut, Canada. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and October, 2008. Trained field workers collected dietary data using a culturally appropriate, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) developed specifically for the study population. RESULTS Caribou, muktuk (whale blubber and skin) and Arctic char (salmon family), were the most commonly consumed traditional foods; mean portion sizes for traditional foods ranged from 10 g for fermented seal fat to 424 g for fried caribou. Fried bannock and white bread were consumed by >85% of participants; mean portion sizes for these foods were 189 g and 70 g, respectively. Sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods were also widely consumed. Mean portion sizes for regular pop and sweetened juices with added sugar were 663 g and 572 g, respectively. Mean portion sizes for potato chips, pilot biscuits, cakes, chocolate and cookies were 59 g, 59 g, 106 g, 59 g, and 46 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further evidence of the nutrition transition that is occurring among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. It also highlights a number of foods and beverages that could be targeted in future nutritional intervention programs aimed at obesity and diet-related chronic disease prevention in these and other Inuit communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Sheehy
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cindy Roache
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, #5-10 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 Street, Edmonton AB T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Sangita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, #5-10 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 Street, Edmonton AB T6G 2T4, Canada
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Rebello CJ, Liu AG, Greenway FL, Dhurandhar NV. Dietary strategies to increase satiety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2013; 69:105-82. [PMID: 23522796 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410540-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has a multifactorial etiology. Although obesity is widespread and associated with serious health hazards, its effective prevention and treatment have been challenging. Among the currently available treatment approaches, lifestyle modification to induce a negative energy balance holds a particularly larger appeal due to its wider reach and relative safety. However, long-term compliance with dietary modifications to reduce energy intake is not effective for the majority. The role of many individual nutrients, foods, and food groups in inducing satiety has been extensively studied. Based on this evidence, we have developed sample weight-loss meal plans that include multiple satiating foods, which may collectively augment the satiating properties of a meal. Compared to a typical American diet, these meal plans are considerably lower in energy density and probably more satiating. A diet that exploits the satiating properties of multiple foods may help increase long-term dietary compliance and consequentially enhance weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida J Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Peripheral and central mechanisms involved in the control of food intake by dietary amino acids and proteins. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25:29-39. [PMID: 22643031 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422411000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarises current knowledge and recent findings on the modulation of appetite by dietary protein, via both peripheral and central mechanisms. Of the three macronutrients, proteins are recognised as the strongest inhibitor of food intake. The well-recognised poor palatability of proteins is not the principal mechanism explaining the decrease in high-protein (HP) diet intake. Consumption of a HP diet does not induce conditioned food aversion, but rather experience-enhanced satiety. Amino acid consumption is detected by multiple and redundant mechanisms originating from visceral (during digestion) and metabolic (inter-prandial period) sources, recorded both directly and indirectly (mainly vagus-mediated) by the central nervous system (CNS). Peripherally, the satiating effect of dietary proteins appears to be mediated by anorexigenic gut peptides, principally cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. In the CNS, HP diets trigger the activation of noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and melanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Additionally, there is evidence that circulating leucine levels may modulate food intake. Leucine is associated with neural mechanisms involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), energy sensors active in the control of energy intake, at least in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, HP diets inhibit the activation of opioid and GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens, and thus inhibit food intake by reducing the hedonic response to food, presumably because of their low palatability. Future studies should concentrate on studying the adaptation of different neural circuits following the ingestion of protein diets.
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Van Horn L, Banks L, Vincent E, McCrindle BW. The importance of nutrition and physical activity for children. Pediatr Ann 2012; 41:67-72. [PMID: 22300183 DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20120110-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-induced fatty liver is not caused by sulfur amino acid insufficiency. Nutrients 2011; 3:987-1002. [PMID: 22254090 PMCID: PMC3257721 DOI: 10.3390/nu3110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose-sweetened liquid consumption is associated with fatty liver and oxidative stress. In rodent models of fructose-mediated fatty liver, protein consumption is decreased. Additionally, decreased sulfur amino acid intake is known to cause oxidative stress. Studies were designed to test whether oxidative stress in fructose-sweetened liquid-induced fatty liver is caused by decreased ad libitum solid food intake with associated inadequate sulfur amino acid intake. C57BL6 mice were grouped as: control (ad libitum water), fructose (ad libitum 30% fructose-sweetened liquid), glucose (ad libitum 30% glucose-sweetened water) and pair-fed (ad libitum water and sulfur amino acid intake same as the fructose group). Hepatic and plasma thiol-disulfide antioxidant status were analyzed after five weeks. Fructose- and glucose-fed mice developed fatty liver. The mitochondrial antioxidant protein, thioredoxin-2, displayed decreased abundance in the liver of fructose and glucose-fed mice compared to controls. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox potential (E(h)GSSG) and abundance of the cytoplasmic antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin-2, were similar among groups. We conclude that both fructose and glucose-sweetened liquid consumption results in fatty liver and upregulated thioredoxin-2 expression, consistent with mitochondrial oxidative stress; however, inadequate sulfur amino acid intake was not the cause of this oxidative stress.
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Teff KL. How neural mediation of anticipatory and compensatory insulin release helps us tolerate food. Physiol Behav 2011; 103:44-50. [PMID: 21256146 PMCID: PMC3056926 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Learned anticipatory and compensatory responses allow the animal and human to maintain metabolic homeostasis during periods of nutritional challenges, either acutely within each meal or chronically during periods of overnutrition. This paper discusses the role of neurally-mediated anticipatory responses in humans and their role in glucoregulation, focusing on cephalic phase insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release as well as compensatory insulin release during the etiology of insulin resistance. The necessary stimuli required to elicit CPIR and vagal activation are discussed and the role of CPIR and vagal efferent activation in intra-meal metabolic homeostasis and during chronic nutritional challenges are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Teff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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16
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A protein-rich beverage consumed as a breakfast meal leads to weaker appetitive and dietary responses v. a protein-rich solid breakfast meal in adolescents. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:37-41. [PMID: 21320368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a protein-rich beverage leads to a differential response in appetite, satiety and subsequent energy intake compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched solid version in young people. A total of fifteen adolescents (eight girls and seven boys; age 14 (SEM 1) years, BMI percentile 79 (SEM 4) %) randomly completed two testing days that included protein-rich (PR) breakfast meals (38 % of energy as protein, 48 (SEM 2) g/meal) provided as a solid (S) or beverage (B). Breakfast was 24 % of estimated daily energy needs (2146 (SEM 96) kJ/meal). Perceived appetite and satiety responses were collected over 5 h followed by an ad libitum lunch buffet. The PR-S meal led to greater reductions in 4 h postprandial appetite (- 6221 (SEM 1171) mm × 240 min) v. the PR-B meal (- 3570 (SEM 957) mm × 240 min; P < 0·05). When examining the data according to hourly responses, the PR-S meal led to greater reductions in appetite during postprandial hours 2, 3 and 4 v. the PR-B meal (all comparisons, P < 0·05). No differences in postprandial hourly or total (4 h) fullness were observed following the PR-S v. PR-B meals. The PR-S meal led to approximately 480 kJ less energy consumed at the ad libitum lunch buffet (1418 (SEM 222) kJ) v. the PR-B meal (1900 (SEM 326) kJ; P < 0·05). These data indicate that, although the food form of the PR breakfast meals had little, if any, effect on satiety, the appetitive responses were diminished and the subsequent food intake was greater when protein was consumed as a beverage v. a solid meal.
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Abstract
The world has experienced a marked shift in the global BMI distribution towards reduced undernutrition and increased obesity. The collision between human biology, shaped over the millennia and modern technology, globalization, government policies and food industry practices have worked to create far-reaching energy imbalance across the globe. A prime example is the clash between our drinking habits and our biology. The shift from water and breast milk as the only beverages available, to a vast array of caloric beverages was very rapid, shaped both by our tastes and aggressive marketing of the beverage industry. Our biology, shaped over millennia by daily consumption of water and seasonal availability of food, was not ready to compensate for the liquid energies. Other dietary changes were similarly significant, particularly the shift towards increased frequency of eating and larger portions. The roles of the food and beverage production, distribution and marketing sectors in not only shaping our diet but also accelerating these changes must be understood. Apart from the role of beverages, there is much less consensus about the role of various components of our diet in energy imbalance. Understanding the determinants of change in the key components of our diet through an array of research provides insights into some of the options we face in attempting to attain a great balance between energy intake and expenditures while creating an overall healthier dietary pattern. A few countries are systematically addressing the causes of poor dietary and physical activity patterns and high energy imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Popkin
- Nutrition Department, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, USA.
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Barquera S, Campirano F, Bonvecchio A, Hernández-Barrera L, Rivera JA, Popkin BM. Caloric beverage consumption patterns in Mexican children. Nutr J 2010; 9:47. [PMID: 20964842 PMCID: PMC2987771 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico has seen a very steep increase in child obesity level. Little is known about caloric beverage intake in this country as well as all other countries outside a few high income countries. This study examines overall patterns and trends in all caloric beverages from two nationally representative surveys from Mexico. METHODS The two nationally representative dietary intake surveys (1999 and 2006) from Mexico are used to study caloric beverage intake in 17, 215 children. The volume (ml) and caloric energy (kcal) contributed by all beverages consumed by the sample subjects were measured. Results are weighted to be nationally representative. RESULTS The trends from the dietary intake surveys showed very large increases in caloric beverages among pre-school and school children. The contribution of whole milk and sugar-sweetened juices was an important finding. Mexican pre-school children consumed 27.8% of their energy from caloric beverages in 2006 and school children consumed 20.7% of their energy from caloric beverages during the same time. The three major categories of beverage intake are whole milk, fruit juice with various sugar and water combinations and carbonated and noncarbonated sugared-beverages. CONCLUSION The Mexican government, greatly concerned about obesity, has identified the large increase in caloric beverages from whole milk, juices and soft drinks as a key target and is initiating major changes to address this problem. They have already used the data to shift 20 million persons in their welfare and feeding programs from whole to 1.5% fat milk and in a year will shift to nonfat milk. They are using these data to revise school beverage policies and national regulations and taxation policies related to an array of less healthful caloric beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Barquera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Fabricio Campirano
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Anabelle Bonvecchio
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Lucia Hernández-Barrera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Mor. CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 W. Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Abstract
The worldwide consumption of sucrose, and thus fructose, has risen logarithmically since 1800. Many concerns about the health hazards of calorie-sweetened beverages, including soft drinks and fruit drinks and the fructose they provide, have been voiced over the past 10 years. These concerns are related to higher energy intake, risk of obesity, risk of diabetes, risk of cardiovascular disease, risk of gout in men, and risk of metabolic syndrome. Fructose appears to be responsible for most of the metabolic risks, including high production of lipids, increased thermogenesis, and higher blood pressure associated with sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Some claim that sugar is natural, but natural does not assure safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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21
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Popkin BM. Patterns of beverage use across the lifecycle. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:4-9. [PMID: 20045423 PMCID: PMC2849916 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Total beverage intake patterns have changed greatly over the past half century. The present research was conducted to evaluate historic and current patterns of beverage consumption of adults and children in the U.S. Data were drawn from food balance surveys along with two-day beverage intake averages and were weighted to be nationally representative. A marked slow continuous shift downward in total milk intake with a shift toward an increased proportion of reduced fat milk was determined. The biggest shifts in beverage consumption among children aged 2 to18 were an increase in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (from 87 to 154kcal/d), a smaller increase in juices (+21kcal/d), and a decrease in milk consumption (-91kcal/d). Data among adults aged 19 and older indicated that SSB intake has more than doubled. Water intake was highly variable, with a marked increase in bottled water intake but no clear trend in total water intake. Overall trends by age were presented and indicated that age-related beverage intake, both in ounces and kcal/day, decreased sharply for adults aged 60 and older. Kcal/d values ranged from a low of 283 for those over age 60 to a peak of 533 for those aged 19 to39 to 367 for 2 to 6year olds. The consumer shift toward increased levels of SSBs and alcohol, limited amounts of reduced fat milk along with a continued consumption of whole milk, and increased juice intake represent issues to address from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, United States.
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Nieuwenhuizen WF, Weenen H, Rigby P, Hetherington MM. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: Review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr 2010; 29:160-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to suggest that fructose, a component of both sucrose (common sugar) and high fructose corn syrup, should be of concern to both healthcare providers and the public. RECENT FINDINGS Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased steadily over the past century and with this increase has come more and more reports associating their use with the risk of overweight, diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. In a meta-analysis of the relationship between soft drink consumption and cardiometabolic risk, there was a 24% overall increased risk comparing the top and bottom quantiles of consumption. Several factors might account for this increased risk, including increased carbohydrate load and increased amounts of dietary fructose. Fructose acutely increases thermogenesis, triglycerides and lipogenesis as well as blood pressure, but has a smaller effect on leptin and insulin release than comparable amounts of glucose. In controlled feeding studies, changes in body weight, fat storage and triglycerides are observed as well as an increase in inflammatory markers. SUMMARY The present review concludes on the basis of the data assembled here that in the amounts currently consumed, fructose is hazardous to the cardiometabolic health of many children, adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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24
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Mattes RD. Hunger and thirst: issues in measurement and prediction of eating and drinking. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:22-32. [PMID: 20060847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations between hunger and eating and between thirst and drinking are generally weak. This stems, in part, from limitations in the measurement of these sensations which generally rely on temporal, motivational, metabolic and/or self-reported descriptive indices. Each is critically reviewed. Also problematic is the fact that the deterministic depletion-repletion concept of ingestive behavior fails to account for influences of a multitude of contravening cognitive, social, sensory and logistical factors. Although hunger and thirst serve some parallel purposes, sharp distinctions are also present with health implications. Of particular note are the observations that thirst ratings are higher and more stable over the day compared to hunger and thirst may be more motivating to drink than hunger is to eat. Coupling these observations with evidence that beverages have limited satiety value, they pose particular challenges and opportunities. Beverages can facilitate the delivery of nutrients to those desiring or requiring them, but also to those where they are not desired or required. The benefits and risks are a function of their use rather than their inherent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Mattes
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 212 Stone Hall, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
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Abstract
Este trabalho discute o papel dos alimentos líquidos e sólidos na ingestão alimentar, fundamentando-se em uma revisão crítica sobre o assunto. Utilizaram-se os principais bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais em saúde, entre eles, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, SciELO. A busca bibliográfica compreendeu o período de 1980 a 2008. Os resultados atuais das pesquisas indicam que o estado físico do alimento pode influenciar o consumo alimentar, tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, e que os alimentos líquidos exercem um menor poder sacietógeno, em comparação aos sólidos. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesse fraco controle do apetite pelos líquidos são: falta de mastigação, fase cefálica da ingestão menos pronunciada, esvaziamento gástrico mais rápido e fatores cognitivos. Conclui-se que o uso de alimentos líquidos, em especial bebidas energéticas, deve ser moderado tanto na prevenção como no tratamento da obesidade.
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Gidding SS, Lichtenstein AH, Faith MS, Karpyn A, Mennella JA, Popkin B, Rowe J, Van Horn L, Whitsel L. Implementing American Heart Association pediatric and adult nutrition guidelines: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 2009; 119:1161-75. [PMID: 19255356 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.191856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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McKiernan F, Hollis JH, McCabe GP, Mattes RD. Thirst-drinking, hunger-eating; tight coupling? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2009; 109:486-90. [PMID: 19248867 PMCID: PMC2671201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although thirst and hunger have historically motivated drinking and feeding, respectively, the high and increasing consumption of energy-yielding beverages and energy-diluted foods may have degraded the predictive value of these sensations on ingestive behavior. Our within subject (ie, multiple responses from the same individuals), observational (ie, free-living, with no intervention) study explored the relationships between thirst, hunger, eating, and drinking patterns in 50 weight-stable adults (39 women and 11 men aged 30+/-11 years with body mass index 26.3+/-5.9). Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were obtained for a consecutive 7-day period. Appetite ratings were recorded hourly, over the same time period, and correlated with hourly energy and fluid intake from food and beverages. Thirst ratings were not correlated with drinking (r=0.03) or energy intake (r=0.08) during the same hour over the 7-day period. Hunger ratings were significantly, albeit moderately, correlated with energy intake (r=0.30) (P<0.05), but not with drinking (r=0.04). On average, 75% of total fluid intake was consumed during periprandial events. Further, energy-yielding beverages were the main contributor to fluid intake during both periprandial and drink-only events. These data fail to reveal associations between either thirst or hunger and ingestion of energy-yielding beverages, or strong associations between hunger and eating or thirst and drinking. These data raise questions about the predictive power of appetitive sensations for ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McKiernan
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA
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Barquera S, Hernandez-Barrera L, Tolentino ML, Espinosa J, Ng SW, Rivera JA, Popkin BM. Energy intake from beverages is increasing among Mexican adolescents and adults. J Nutr 2008; 138:2454-61. [PMID: 19022972 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is understood about the patterns and trends in adolescent and adult beverage intake in Mexico or most other countries. Here, we used nationally representative dietary intake, income, and food expenditure surveys, which included 416 adolescents (aged 12-18 y) and 2180 adults (aged >or=19 y) from the 1999 Mexican Nutrition Survey and 7464 adolescents and 21,113 adults from the 2006 Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey. We measured the volume and energy per day contributed by all beverages consumed by the sample subjects. In 2006, Mexican adolescents and adults obtained 20.1 and 22.3%, respectively, of their energy intake from energy-containing beverages. Whole milk, carbonated and noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice with various sugar and water combinations added, and alcohol represented the 4 major categories of beverage intake. The trends from the dietary intake surveys showed very large increases in the intake of energy-containing beverages among adolescents and adults between 1999 and 2006. Income elasticities showed a high likelihood that intakes will increase as Mexican incomes continue to rise. Whereas the own-price elasticities for whole milk and sodas were both modest, intakes of these were increasing and higher than those for all other food groups. Energy intake trends and current levels of beverage intakes in Mexico are the highest recorded in a nationally representative survey and present major challenges for public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Barquera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that beverages containing sugar, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or alcohol are handled differently by the body than when sugar or HFCS are incorporated in solid foods and as a result the overall caloric intake from solid food does not adjust to account for the calories in these beverages. A consideration of our evolutionary history may help to explain our poor compensatory response to calories from fluids. This paper reviews the history of eight important beverages: milk, beer, wine, tea, coffee, distilled alcoholic beverages, juice and soft drinks. We arrive at two hypotheses. First, humans may lack a physiological basis for processing carbohydrate or alcoholic calories in beverage because only breast milk and water were available for the vast majority of our evolutionary history. Alternatives to those two beverages appeared in the human diet no more than 11,000 years ago, but Homo sapiens evolved between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago. Second, carbohydrate and alcohol-containing beverages may produce an incomplete satiation sequence which prevents us from becoming satiated on these beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolf
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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30
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Drewnowski A, Bellisle F. Reply to PW Estep III. Am J Clin Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- The Center for Public Health Nutrition, 305 Raitt Hall #353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3410
| | - France Bellisle
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH)–Ile de France, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM EA3200, Univ Paris 13, Bobigny F-93017, France
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