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Cheon E, Mattes RD. Interindividual variability in appetitive sensations and relationships between appetitive sensations and energy intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:477-485. [PMID: 38135701 PMCID: PMC10978491 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appetitive sensations (AS) are signals that guide eating behaviors. Marked short-term inter-individual variability in AS has been reported but the long-term stability of individual ratings and their dietary implications are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES This study explored the stability of inter-individual ratings of hunger, fullness and thirst for 17 weeks; determined the relationships between these sensations, eating patterns and energy intake (EI); as well as the associations between ratings and selected individual characteristics (age, gender, BMI). METHODS A 17-week observational study collected hourly appetitive ratings and dietary intake data from 97 (90 completers, 7 partial completers) healthy adults at weeks 1, 9, and 17. RESULTS There were marked and stable inter-individual differences over the 17 weeks for hunger (week 1 vs. week 9, r = 0.72 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.67 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.77 (p < 0.001)); fullness (week 1 vs. week 9 r = 0.74 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.71 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.81 (p < 0.001)); and thirst (week 1 vs. week 9 r = 0.82 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.81 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.88 (p < 0.001)). Cross-correlation functions revealed EI and eating pattern exerted stronger effects on AS than the reverse. However, the absolute effect sizes were small. Path analyses also indicated that there were weak relationships between AS and EI. No robust effects of the studied individual characteristics were observed. CONCLUSION This study found that acute and chronic sensations of hunger, fullness and thirst are relatively stable within individuals but vary markedly between individuals. In addition, the present data indicate AS are poorly associated with dietary patterns or with EI under conditions of relatively stable energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cheon
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Rogerson G, Whelan M, Gibson R. A systematic review of measurement methods used to estimate fluid and beverage intake in free-living, working-age adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022. [PMID: 36514191 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beverage intake in employees is important to quantify due to the potential of dehydration to increase the risk of errors and reduced work performance. This systematic review aimed to (1) characterise existing fluid intake measurement tools used in the workplace setting or among free-living, healthy adults of working age and (2) report the current validation status of available assessment tools for use in a UK setting. METHODS Three electronic databases were searched for publications measuring beverage intake using a defined tool or method. Additional studies were identified by hand from trial registers, grey literature and reference lists. Eligibility was determined using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology framework. Narrative synthesis was performed. RESULTS The review identified 105 studies. The most frequently reported beverage assessment methods were total diet diaries/records (n = 22), fluid specific diaries/records (n = 18), food and fluid frequency questionnaires (n = 17), beverage-specific frequency questionnaires (n = 23) and diet recalls (n = 11). General dietary measurement tools (measuring beverages as part of total diet) were used in 60 studies, and 45 studies used a beverage-specific tool. This review identified 18 distinct dietary assessment tools, of which 6 were fluid/beverage specific. Twelve tools published relative validity for a beverage-related variable and seven tools for total daily fluid intake (from whole diet or from beverages only). CONCLUSIONS Several fluid intake assessment tools were identified; however, few have been fully evaluated for total beverage intake, and none in a UK working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rogerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a canonical reward center that regulates feeding and drinking but it is not known whether these behaviors are mediated by same or different neurons. We employed two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice and found that during the appetitive phase, both hunger and thirst are sensed by a nearly identical population of individual D1 and D2 neurons in the NAc that respond monophasically to food cues in fasted animals and water cues in dehydrated animals. During the consummatory phase, we identified three distinct neuronal clusters that are temporally correlated with action initiation, consumption, and cessation shared by feeding and drinking. These dynamic clusters also show a nearly complete overlap of individual D1 neurons and extensive overlap among D2 neurons. Modulating D1 and D2 neural activities revealed analogous effects on feeding versus drinking behaviors. In aggregate, these data show that a highly overlapping set of D1 and D2 neurons in NAc detect food and water reward and elicit concordant responses to hunger and thirst. These studies establish a general role of this mesolimbic pathway in mediating instinctive behaviors by controlling motivation-associated variables rather than conferring behavioral specificity.
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Dolezalova B, Hubackova N, Latalova K, Vyborova E, Zakova M, Vaculik M, Prochazka J. Can the color red trick you into drinking less? A replication study. Appetite 2021; 167:105619. [PMID: 34375699 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This replication of the study of Genschow et al. (2012) Genschow et al. (2012) examines the effect of the color red on beverage consumption. In total, 148 men were asked to consume drinks in either red- or blue-labeled cups. Cup labels were assigned at random. Unlike in the previous study, the findings in our replication study did not provide empirical support for the hypothesis that people will drink less from red-labeled cups than blue-labeled cups. The difference between groups in drink consumption was non-significant. Thus, the red color did not have an inhibitory effect on drink intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Dolezalova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Hubackova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Latalova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Vyborova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zakova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vaculik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Prochazka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic; Department of Corporate Economy, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipova 41a, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
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Ferrar J, Griggs RL, Stuijfzand BG, Rogers PJ. Food portion size influences accompanying beverage selection in adults. Appetite 2019; 136:103-113. [PMID: 30685316 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When trying to reduce food portion size, it is important that meal satisfaction is, as far as possible, preserved. Otherwise, individuals may select accompaniments to the meal (e.g., snacks, beverages) to achieve satisfaction and, in doing so, negate any benefit of the original portion size reduction. This study investigated whether varying portion sizes of food would influence choice of accompanying beverages. That is, when presented with a food portion size that is smaller or larger than their ideal, an individual may compensate by choosing a beverage based on its satiating and/or orosensory properties to balance the expected satiation and satisfaction of a meal. Data from an online interactive study (n = 93) was analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regression models. Food portion size (100, 300, 500, 700, or 900 kcal) predicted beverage choice (water, low-energy sweetened beverage, high-energy sweetened beverage). For example, the sweetened beverages were more likely to be selected with small food portion sizes (p < .001). Participant ideal food portion size did not interact with this relationship. Participants appear to have recognised that sweetened beverages provide flavour and/or energy, and used them to compensate for a smaller meal. While switching to a low-energy beverage with an increased food portion size is advantageous for energy balance, choosing a high-energy beverage with a decreased food portion size is likely to be detrimental for those attempting to reduce energy intake and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ferrar
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca L Griggs
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom
| | - Bobby G Stuijfzand
- Jean Golding Institute for Data-Intensive Research, University of Bristol, Royal Fort House, Bristol, BS8 1UH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Weiji Q, Shitong L, Yu L, Tianfang H, Ning K, Lina Z. The predictive value of hunger score on gastric evacuation after oral intake of carbohydrate solution. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:6. [PMID: 29329510 PMCID: PMC5766982 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical patients are asked to fast for a sufficient duration to ensure that the amount of residual liquid in the stomach is within the safe range, thereby reducing the risk of gastric reflux perioperatively. The authors hypothesized that subjective hunger numerical rating scale (NRS) score could also help assess the process of gastric emptying and determine the amount of fluid remaining in the stomach. METHODS The current study consisted of healthy volunteers recruited by advertisement and mutual introduction. Participants were asked to rate their subjective hunger feeling every 30 min after oral administration of 8 mL/kg carbohydrate nutrient solution that contained 10% maltodextrin and 2.5% sucrose. Consecutively, the gastric residual fluid was measured by magnetic resonance imagining (MRI). The Spearman's correlation coefficient, the ROC curves and the stepwise regression were used to analyze the predictive value of NRS for the gastric emptying process. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 29 healthy volunteers enrolled in this study. The area under ROC curves estimated by the NRS score for the gastric residual volume of 2 mL/kg, 1 mL/kg, and 0.5 mL/kg were AUC2.0 = 0.78, AUC1.0 = 0.76, and AUC0.5 = 0.72, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the NRS score and the residual liquid in the stomach was -0.57 (P < 0.01). The correlation coefficient between the increase of the NRS score and the decrease of gastric liquid residual volume was 0.46 (P < 0.01). The standardized estimate of NRS score for the residual volume was -0.18 (P < 0.01) and the standardized estimate of fasting time was -0.73 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The subjective hunger NRS score can not accurately predict the gastric residual volume, but it can provide a reference for clinicians to judge the gastric emptying process and it should be used as a second check after oral intake of clear fluids before surgery according to the new fasting protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Weiji
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, 1878 North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081 China
| | - Li Shitong
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai First People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medcine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Luo Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, 1878 North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081 China
| | - Hua Tianfang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, 1878 North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081 China
| | - Kong Ning
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, 1878 North Sichuan Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200081 China
| | - Zhang Lina
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025 China
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El Khoury D, Panahi S, Luhovyy BL, Douglas Goff H, Harvey Anderson G. Interaction of mealtime ad libitum beverage and food intake with meal advancement in healthy young men and women. Physiol Behav 2015; 143:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Anguah KOB, Wonnell BS, Campbell WW, McCabe GP, McCrory MA. A blended- rather than whole-lentil meal with or without α-galactosidase mildly increases healthy adults' appetite but not their glycemic response. J Nutr 2014; 144:1963-9. [PMID: 25411033 PMCID: PMC4230209 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupting the physical structure of pulses by blending them or by using a digestive supplement (α-galactosidase) to reduce intestinal discomfort could potentially negate the previously observed beneficial effects of whole pulses of lowering appetitive and glycemic responses because of more rapid digestion. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that blended lentils, α-galactosidase, or both increase postprandial appetite and blood glucose responses vs. whole lentils. METHODS Men and women [n = 12; means ± SDs body mass index (kg/m(2)): 23.3 ± 3.1; aged 28 ± 10 y] consumed breakfast meals containing whole (W), blended (B), or no lentils [control (C)], each with 3 α-galactosidase or placebo capsules in a randomized, crossover, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Between each test day there was a 3- to 5-d washout period. RESULTS Mixed-model ANOVA showed effects of meal on postprandial appetite and glucose (P = 0.0001-0.031). The B meal resulted in higher postprandial appetite ratings than did the W meal but not the C meal for hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption (Δ = 0.4-0.5 points; P = 0.002-0.044). Postprandial glucose concentration was 4.5 mg/dL lower for the B meal than for the C meal (P < 0.0001) but did not differ from the W meal. There were no main effects of α-galactosidase, but there were meal × α-galactosidase interaction effects, with a greater postprandial desire to eat and lower postprandial fullness with the B meal than with the 2 other meals in the placebo condition but not in the α-galactosidase condition. CONCLUSIONS Blending lentils increased appetite (∼6%), but not glycemic response, compared with whole lentils, whereas α-galactosidase did not. Both B and W meals may be consumed (with or without an α-galactosidase supplement) with little impact on appetite, without increasing glycemic response. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02110511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherene O-B Anguah
- Departments of Nutrition Science Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Departments of Nutrition Science Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Megan A McCrory
- Departments of Nutrition Science Psychological Sciences and the Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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Zhu Y, Hsu WH, Hollis JH. Increased number of chews during a fixed-amount meal suppresses postprandial appetite and modulates glycemic response in older males. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:136-40. [PMID: 24857719 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a reduction in appetite. Older adults require a higher number of chews to form a bolus before swallowing. However, whether this ingestive behavior contributes to the reduced appetite in this population is unknown. Fifteen males aged 65 years or older participated in this randomized cross-over trial and attended two test sessions. After an overnight fast, they consumed a fixed-amount meal (2050 kJ) by chewing each portion of food 15 or 40 times before swallowing. Subjective appetite was measured using visual analogue scales at regular intervals for 3 h after completion of the meal. Blood samples were collected at the same time for measurement of glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Participants were provided an ad libitum meal 3 h later. Compared with 15 chews, chewing food 40 times before swallowing resulted in significantly lower postprandial hunger (P=0.003), preoccupation with food (P<0.001), and desire to eat (P<0.001). Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and GIP were significantly higher at meal completion when 40 chews were made (all P<0.01), and became significantly lower during the late postprandial period (all P<0.05). Food intake at the subsequent ad libitum meal did not differ significantly between test sessions. Our findings suggested that increased number of chews reduced postprandial hunger and desire to eat, and modulated glucose metabolism in older males. The number of chews made during a fixed-amount meal may influence short-term appetite; how this ingestive behavior contributes to energy balance in the long term warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, United States
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, United States
| | - James H Hollis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, United States.
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Tucker RM, Mattes RD, Running CA. Mechanisms and effects of "fat taste" in humans. Biofactors 2014; 40:313-26. [PMID: 24591077 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting a "taste" cue from fat in the oral cavity continues to accrue. The proposed stimuli for fat taste, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), are released from food through hydrolytic rancidity and lipase activity derived from foods or saliva. NEFA must then be released from the food matrix, negotiate the aqueous environment to reach taste cell surfaces, and interact with receptors such as CD36 and GPR120 or diffuse across cell membranes to initiate a taste signal. Knowledge of these processes in non-gustatory tissues should inform understanding of taste responses to NEFA. Additionally, downstream effects of oral triglyceride exposure have been observed in numerous studies. Data specific to effects of NEFA versus triglyceride are scarce, but modified sham feeding trials with triglyceride document cephalic phase responses including elevations in serum lipids and insulin as well as potential, but debated, effects on gut peptides, appetite, and thermogenesis. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which NEFA migrate to and interact with taste cells, and then we examine physiological responses to oral fat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Tucker
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Tucker RM, Edlinger C, Craig BA, Mattes RD. Associations between BMI and fat taste sensitivity in humans. Chem Senses 2014; 39:349-57. [PMID: 24591531 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the reliability of associations between fat taste, hunger, dietary fat intake, and body mass index (BMI). Detection thresholds for oleic acid (OA) were obtained during each of 7 consecutive visits using a modified staircase procedure. Participants were 48 (N = 17 male; N = 31 female) healthy adults (mean age: 28.5 ± 10.4 years) with BMI's ranging from 18.9 to 47.2 (≥ 25 kg · m(-2), N = 24). OA detection thresholds and self-reported hunger (100-mm visual analog scale) were assessed at each visit. BMI and dietary fat intake (Block Rapid Fat Screener) were determined at baseline. There was a significant decrease of threshold concentration over repeated trials among lean and overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg · m(-2)) participants but not in the obese. Combining the lean and overweight and contrasting their responses to the obese revealed the lean plus overweight group to be significantly more sensitive at visits 6 and 7. No change of threshold sensitivity or correlation with fat intake was observed in the obese participants unlike findings in the lean and lean plus overweight participants. Correlations between saturated fat intake and threshold sensitivity were positive (greater intake associated with higher thresholds) at baseline for the group, with additional correlations observed among the lean plus overweight but not in the obese, leaving open questions about the nutritional significance of the association. No significant associations were observed between sensitivity to OA and hunger. Repeated testing is required to assess associations between fat taste and other outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Tucker
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Buehrer S, Hanke U, Klaghofer R, Fruehauf M, Weiss M, Schmitz A. Hunger and thirst numeric rating scales are not valid estimates for gastric content volumes: a prospective investigation in healthy children. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24:309-15. [PMID: 24467570 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM A rating scale for thirst and hunger was evaluated as a noninvasive, simple and commonly available tool to estimate preanesthetic gastric volume, a surrogate parameter for the risk of perioperative pulmonary aspiration, in healthy volunteer school age children. METHOD Numeric scales with scores from 0 to 10 combined with smileys to rate thirst and hunger were analyzed and compared with residual gastric volumes as measured by magnetic resonance imaging and fasting times in three settings: before and for 2 h after drinking clear fluid (group A, 7 ml/kg), before and for 4 vs 6 h after a light breakfast followed by clear fluid (7 ml/kg) after 2 vs 4 h (crossover, group B), and before and for 1 h after drinking clear fluid (crossover, group C, 7 vs 3 ml/kg). RESULTS In 30 children aged 6.4-12.8 (median 9.8) years, participating on 1-5 (median two) study days, 496 sets of scores and gastric volumes were determined. Large inter- and intra-individual variations were seen at baseline and in response to fluid and food intake. Significant correlations were found between hunger and thirst ratings in all groups, with children generally being more hungry than thirsty. Correlations between scores and duration of fasting or gastric residual volumes were poor to moderate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that thirst and hunger rating scales cannot predict gastric content. CONCLUSION Hunger and thirst scores vary considerably inter- and intra-individually and cannot predict gastric volume, nor do they correlate with fasting times in school age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Buehrer
- Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nunez MF, Mollard RC, Luhovyy BL, Wong CL, Anderson GH. Acute sodium ingestion has no effect on short-term food and water intake, subjective appetite, thirst, or glycemic response in healthy young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:746-52. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Nunez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Mollard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Bohdan L. Luhovyy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Christina L. Wong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - G. Harvey Anderson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Zhu Y, Hsu WH, Hollis JH. The impact of food viscosity on eating rate, subjective appetite, glycemic response and gastric emptying rate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67482. [PMID: 23818981 PMCID: PMC3688614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of rheological properties of food on postprandial appetite and glycemic response helps to design novel functional products. It has been shown that solid foods have a stronger satiating effect than their liquid equivalent. However, whether a subtle change in viscosity of a semi-solid food would have a similar effect on appetite is unknown. Fifteen healthy males participated in the randomized cross-over study. Each participant consumed a 1690 kJ portion of a standard viscosity (SV) and a high viscosity (HV) semi-solid meal with 1000 mg acetaminophen in two separate sessions. At regular intervals during the three hours following the meal, subjective appetite ratings were measured and blood samples collected. The plasma samples were assayed for insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucose and acetaminophen. After three hours, the participants were provided with an ad libitum pasta meal. Compared with the SV meal, HV was consumed at a slower eating rate (P = 0.020), with postprandial hunger and desire to eat being lower (P = 0.019 and P<0.001 respectively) while fullness was higher (P<0.001). In addition, consuming the HV resulted in lower plasma concentration of GIP (P<0.001), higher plasma concentration of glucose (P<0.001) and delayed gastric emptying as revealed by the acetaminophen absorption test (P<0.001). However, there was no effect of food viscosity on insulin or food intake at the subsequent meal. In conclusion, increasing the viscosity of a semi-solid food modulates glycemic response and suppresses postprandial satiety, although the effect may be short-lived. A slower eating rate and a delayed gastric emptying rate can partly explain for the stronger satiating properties of high viscous semi-solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Walter H. Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - James H. Hollis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Armstrong LE, Johnson EC, Munoz CX, Le Bellego L, Klein A, McKenzie AL, Casa DJ, Maresh CM. Evaluation of Uosm:Posm ratio as a hydration biomarker in free-living, healthy young women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:934-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stubbs RJ, Lavin JH. The challenges of implementing behaviour changes that lead to sustained weight management. NUTR BULL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Stubbs
- Nutrition and Research Department; Slimming World; Derbyshire; UK
| | - J. H. Lavin
- Nutrition and Research Department; Slimming World; Derbyshire; UK
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Mattes RD. Hunger and thirst: issues in measurement and prediction of eating and drinking. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:22-32. [PMID: 20060847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations between hunger and eating and between thirst and drinking are generally weak. This stems, in part, from limitations in the measurement of these sensations which generally rely on temporal, motivational, metabolic and/or self-reported descriptive indices. Each is critically reviewed. Also problematic is the fact that the deterministic depletion-repletion concept of ingestive behavior fails to account for influences of a multitude of contravening cognitive, social, sensory and logistical factors. Although hunger and thirst serve some parallel purposes, sharp distinctions are also present with health implications. Of particular note are the observations that thirst ratings are higher and more stable over the day compared to hunger and thirst may be more motivating to drink than hunger is to eat. Coupling these observations with evidence that beverages have limited satiety value, they pose particular challenges and opportunities. Beverages can facilitate the delivery of nutrients to those desiring or requiring them, but also to those where they are not desired or required. The benefits and risks are a function of their use rather than their inherent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Mattes
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 212 Stone Hall, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
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Almiron-Roig E, Green H, Virgili R, Aeschlimann JM, Moser M, Erkner A. Validation of a new hand-held electronic appetite rating system against the pen and paper method. Appetite 2009; 53:465-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Labbe D, Almiron-Roig E, Hudry J, Leathwood P, Schifferstein H, Martin N. Sensory basis of refreshing perception: Role of psychophysiological factors and food experience. Physiol Behav 2009; 98:1-9. [PMID: 19375436 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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