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Yamashita M, Shou Q, Mizuno Y. Association of chronotype with language and episodic memory processing in children: implications for brain structure. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1437585. [PMID: 39170667 PMCID: PMC11335642 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1437585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronotype refers to individual preference in circadian cycles and is associated with psychiatric problems. It is mainly classified into early (those who prefer to be active in the morning and sleep and wake up early) and late (those who prefer to be active in the evening and sleep and wake up late) chronotypes. Although previous research has demonstrated associations between chronotype and cognitive function and brain structure in adults, little is known regarding these associations in children. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotype and cognitive function in children. Moreover, based on the significant association between chronotype and specific cognitive functions, we extracted regions-of-interest (ROI) and examined the association between chronotype and ROI volumes. Methods Data from 4,493 children (mean age of 143.06 months) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study were obtained, wherein chronotype (mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep debt on school days) was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Subsequently, the associations between chronotype, cognitive function, and ROI volumes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Results Behaviorally, chronotype was negatively associated with vocabulary knowledge, reading skills, and episodic memory performance. Based on these associations, the ROI analysis focused on language-related and episodic memory-related areas revealed a negative association between chronotype and left precentral gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex volumes. Furthermore, the precentral gyrus volume was positively associated with vocabulary knowledge and reading skills, while the posterior cingulate cortex volume was positively associated with episodic memory performance. Discussion These results suggest that children with late chronotype have lower language comprehension and episodic memory and smaller brain volumes in the left precentral gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex associated with these cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yamashita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Qiulu Shou
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mizuno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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Willoughby AR, Alikhani I, Karsikas M, Chua XY, Chee MWL. Country differences in nocturnal sleep variability: Observations from a large-scale, long-term sleep wearable study. Sleep Med 2023; 110:155-165. [PMID: 37595432 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Country or regional differences in sleep duration are well-known, but few large-scale studies have specifically evaluated sleep variability, either across the work week, or in terms of differences in weekday and weekend sleep. METHODS Sleep measures, obtained over 50 million night's sleep from ∼220,000 wearable device users in 35 countries, were analysed. Each person contributed an average of ∼242 nights of data. Multiple regression was used to assess the impact country of residence had on sleep duration, timing, efficiency, weekday sleep variability, weekend sleep extension and social jetlag. RESULTS Nocturnal sleep was shorter and had a later onset in Asia than other regions. Despite this, sleep efficiency was lower and weekday sleep variability was higher. Weekend sleep extension was longer in Europe and the USA than in Asia, and was only partially related to weekday sleep duration. There were also cross-country differences in social jetlag although the regional differences were less distinct than for weekend sleep extension. CONCLUSIONS In addition to regional differences in sleep duration, cross-country differences in sleep variability and weekend sleep extension suggest that using the latter as an indicator of sleep debt may need to be reconsidered. In countries exhibiting both short sleep and high weekday sleep variability, a culturally different means of coping with inadequate sleep is likely. Country or region differences in culture, particularly those related to work, merit closer examination as factors influencing the variability in normative sleep patterns around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Willoughby
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Iman Alikhani
- Oura Health Oy, Oulu, Elektroniikkatie 10, 90590, Finland
| | - Mari Karsikas
- Oura Health Oy, Oulu, Elektroniikkatie 10, 90590, Finland
| | - Xin Yu Chua
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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Park GR, Kim J. The gendered health consequences of persistent exposure to short sleep duration during adolescence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1311-1320. [PMID: 37308460 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence that sleep duration is associated with adolescent health, there remain several gaps in the literature. Little is known about: (1) the extent to which persistent exposure to short sleep duration is associated with adolescent health and (2) whether this association varies by gender. METHODS Using six waves of longitudinal data from the 2011-2016 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (N = 6147), this study examined whether persistent exposure to short sleep duration is related to two adolescent health outcomes (overweight status and self-rated health). Fixed effects models were estimated to account for individual-level heterogeneity. RESULTS Short sleep duration was associated with being overweight and self-rated health in different ways for boys and girls. Gender-stratified analysis suggests that, for girls, the risk of being overweight increased for 5 years in a row as short sleep duration persisted. Prolonged short sleep duration also resulted in a continued decline in girls' self-rated health. For boys, persistent exposure to short sleep duration predicted a lower likelihood of being overweight up to the fourth year, but then began to recover. No association between persistent exposure to short sleep duration and self-rated health was observed for boys. CONCLUSION Persistent exposure to short sleep duration was found to be more harmful to the health of girls than boys. Promoting longer sleep duration during adolescence may be an effective intervention to improve adolescent health, especially for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gum-Ryeong Park
- Department of Health, Aging, & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and have been largely derived from sleep self-reports that can be imprecise and miss relevant details. Sleep duration, preferred timing, and ability to withstand sleep deprivation are heritable traits whose expression may change with age and affect the optimal sleep prescription for an individual. Prevailing societal norms and circumstances related to work and relationships interact to influence sleep opportunity and quality. The value of allocating time for sleep is revealed by the impact of its restriction on behavior, functional brain imaging, sleep macrostructure, and late-life cognition. Augmentation of sleep slow oscillations and spindles have been proposed for enhancing sleep quality, but they inconsistently achieve their goal. Crafting bespoke sleep recommendations could benefit from large-scale, longitudinal collection of objective sleep data integrated with behavioral and self-reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
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Cousins JN, Teo TB, Tan ZY, Wong KF, Chee MWL. Sleep after learning aids the consolidation of factual knowledge, but not relearning. Sleep 2021; 44:5920204. [PMID: 33035340 PMCID: PMC7953205 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep strengthens and reorganizes declarative memories, but the extent to which these processes benefit subsequent relearning of the same material remains unknown. It is also unclear whether sleep-memory effects translate to educationally realistic learning tasks and improve long-term learning outcomes. Methods Young adults learned factual knowledge in two learning sessions that were 12 h apart and separated by either nocturnal sleep (n = 26) or daytime wakefulness (n = 26). Memory before and after the retention interval was compared to assess the effect of sleep on consolidation, while memory before and after the second learning session was compared to assess relearning. A final test 1 week later assessed whether there was any long-term advantage to sleeping between two study sessions. Results Sleep significantly enhanced consolidation of factual knowledge (p = 0.01, d = 0.72), but groups did not differ in their capacity to relearn the materials (p = 0.72, d = 0.10). After 1 week, a numerical memory advantage remained for the sleep group but was no longer significant (p = 0.21, d = 0.35). Conclusions Reduced forgetting after sleep is a robust finding that extends to our ecologically valid learning task, but we found no evidence that sleep enhances relearning. Our findings can exclude a large effect of sleep on long-term memory after 1 week, but hint at a smaller effect, leaving open the possibility of practical benefits from organizing study sessions around nocturnal sleep. These findings highlight the importance of revisiting key sleep-memory effects to assess their relevance to long-term learning outcomes with naturalistic learning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cousins
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teck Boon Teo
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yi Tan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kian F Wong
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ishikura IA, Moreira G, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Sleep in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:111-114. [PMID: 33565029 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A Ishikura
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Napoleão de Barros, 925 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Moreira
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Napoleão de Barros, 925 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Napoleão de Barros, 925 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Napoleão de Barros, 925 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
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Splitting sleep between the night and a daytime nap reduces homeostatic sleep pressure and enhances long-term memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5275. [PMID: 33674679 PMCID: PMC7935993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Daytime naps have been linked with enhanced memory encoding and consolidation. It remains unclear how a daily napping schedule impacts learning throughout the day, and whether these effects are the same for well-rested and sleep restricted individuals. We compared memory in 112 adolescents who underwent two simulated school weeks containing 8 or 6.5 h sleep opportunities each day. Sleep episodes were nocturnal or split between nocturnal sleep and a 90-min afternoon nap, creating four experimental groups: 8 h-continuous, 8 h-split, 6.5 h-continuous and 6.5 h-split. Declarative memory was assessed with picture encoding and an educationally realistic factual knowledge task. Splitting sleep significantly enhanced afternoon picture encoding and factual knowledge under both 6.5 h and 8 h durations. Splitting sleep also significantly reduced slow-wave energy during nocturnal sleep, suggesting lower homeostatic sleep pressure during the day. There was no negative impact of the split sleep schedule on morning performance, despite a reduction in nocturnal sleep. These findings suggest that naps could be incorporated into a daily sleep schedule that provides sufficient sleep and benefits learning.
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Lo JC, Chee MWL. Cognitive effects of multi-night adolescent sleep restriction: current data and future possibilities. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ishikura IA, Hachul H, Pires GN, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The impact of primary dysmenorrhea on sleep and the consequences for adolescent academic performance. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:467-468. [PMID: 31992418 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A Ishikura
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Hachul
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Pires
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil
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