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Danielsbacka M, Křenková L, Tanskanen AO. Grandparenting, health, and well-being: a systematic literature review. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:341-368. [PMID: 36052183 PMCID: PMC9424377 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWhether grandparenting is associated with improved health or well-being among older adults is a salient question in present-day aging societies. This systematic review compiles studies that consider the health or well-being outcomes of grandparenting, concerning (1) custodial grandparent families, where grandparents are raising grandchildren without parental presence; (2) three-generation households, where grandparents are living with adult children and grandchildren; and (3) non-coresiding grandparents, who are involved in the lives of their grandchildren. Review was based on literature searches conducted in September 2019 via Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Ebsco. We screened 3868 abstracts across four databases, and by following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified 92 relevant articles (117 studies) that were published between 1978 and 2019. In 68% of cases, custodial grandparenting was associated with decreased health or well-being of grandparents. The few studies considering the health or well-being of grandparents living in three-generation households provided mixed findings (39% positive; 39% negative). Finally, in 69% of cases, involvement of non-coresiding grandparents was associated with improved grandparental outcomes; however, there was only limited support for the prediction that involved grandparenting being causally associated with grandparental health or well-being. Despite this, after different robustness checks (counting all nonsignificant results, taking into account the representativeness of the data and causal methodology), the main finding remains the same: the most negative results are found among custodial grandparents and three-generation households and most positive results among non-coresiding grandparents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Křenková
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fogle BM, Tsai J, Mota N, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Southwick SM, Pietrzak RH. The National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study: A Narrative Review and Future Directions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:538218. [PMID: 33362593 PMCID: PMC7755975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
United States (U.S.) veterans are substantially older than their non-veteran counterparts. However, nationally representative, population-based data on the unique health needs of this population are lacking. Such data are critical to informing the design of large-scale outreach initiatives, and to ensure the effectiveness of service care delivery both within and outside of the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. The National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS) is a contemporary, nationally representative, prospective study of two independent cohorts (n = 3,157 and n = 1,484) of U.S. veterans, which is examining longitudinal changes, and key risk and protective factors for several health outcomes. In this narrative review, we summarize the main findings of all NHRVS studies (n = 82) published as of June 2020, and discuss the clinical implications, limitations, and future directions of this study. Review of these articles was organized into six major topic areas: post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidality, aging, resilience and post-traumatic growth, special topics relevant to veterans, and genetics and epigenetics. Collectively, results of these studies suggest that while a significant minority of veterans screen positive for mental disorders, the majority are psychologically resilient. They further suggest that prevention and treatment efforts designed to promote protective psychosocial characteristics (i.e., resilience, gratitude, purpose in life), and social connectedness (i.e., secure attachment, community integration, social engagement) help mitigate risk for mental disorders, and promote psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienna M. Fogle
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jack Tsai
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Natalie Mota
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John H. Krystal
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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Tay PKC, Lim KK. Psychological Resilience as an Emergent Characteristic for Well-Being: A Pragmatic View. Gerontology 2020; 66:476-483. [PMID: 32784301 DOI: 10.1159/000509210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no clear agreement on the definition and conceptualization for psychological resilience (PR) in old age. Adopting a pragmatic view, this article elucidates the definition and conceptualization of PR by (1) extracting existing PR concepts that are relevant to aging, and (2) elucidating the contributing and delimiting factors for developing and sustaining PR as guided by the biopsychosocial framework. In addition, a comprehensive review of the tools used to measure PR was conducted to examine how scholars have conceptualized PR. Consequently, the renewed understanding defines PR as an emergent construct which is malleable, enduring, and can be developed and sustained by a dynamic interplay of biological, psychological, spiritual, and social factors. Correlates in terms of physical and mental well-being in the context of aging are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kay Chai Tay
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore, .,Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Ka Keat Lim
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu M, Keene DE, Monin JK. “Their Happiness Is My Happiness”--- Chinese Visiting Grandparents Grandparenting in the US. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2019.1575781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Dreer LE, Cox MK, McBrayer A, Neumeier WH, Herman C, Malone LA. Resilience Among Caregivers of Injured Service Members: Finding the Strengths in Caregiving. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:S76-S84. [PMID: 30684488 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between caregiver resilience and a comprehensive set of sociodemographic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predictors among both caregivers and injured service members. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of an observational cohort. SETTING Community dwelling. PARTICIPANTS Caregivers (n=87) who provide instrumental or emotional support to injured service members (n=73)(N=160). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25-item version. RESULTS Higher caregiver resilience scores were related to lower depressive symptom severity, greater health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, stress management, and problem-solving orientation. A multivariable regression model showed that spiritual growth and aspects of problem-solving orientation were significantly related to resilience. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the relationships between resilience and spirituality, problem-solving orientation, and aspects of HRQOL among caregivers of injured service members. These findings have important implications for caregiver behavioral health programs designed to promote resilience and draw upon caregiver strengths when taking on a caregiver role. Approaches that include a more integrative medicine or strengths-based emphasis may be particularly beneficial when working with families of injured military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dreer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, the United States.
| | - Molly K Cox
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, the United States
| | - Alexandra McBrayer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, the United States
| | - William H Neumeier
- School of Health Professions, UAB-Lakeshore Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, the United States
| | - Cassandra Herman
- School of Health Professions, UAB-Lakeshore Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, the United States; Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, the United States
| | - Laurie A Malone
- School of Health Professions, UAB-Lakeshore Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, the United States
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Manley NA, Hicken BL, Rupper RW. Veterans Caregiving for Others: Caregiving as a Factor in the Health of America's Military Veterans. Mil Med 2019; 184:e162-e168. [PMID: 29901741 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Manley
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986155 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Bret L Hicken
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, VA Building #2, GRECC 182, 500 S. Foothill Dr., SLC, UT
| | - Randall W Rupper
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, VA Building #2, GRECC 182, 500 S. Foothill Dr., SLC, UT
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Song Y, Washington DL, Yano EM, McCurry SM, Fung CH, Dzierzewski JM, Rodriguez JC, Jouldjian S, Mitchell MN, Alessi CA, Martin JL. Caregiving-Related Sleep Problems and Their Relationship to Mental Health and Daytime Function in Female Veterans. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:371-379. [PMID: 27690634 PMCID: PMC5378653 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1228640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND To identify caregiving-related sleep problems and their relationship to mental health and daytime function in female Veterans. PARTICIPANTS Female Veterans (N = 1,477) from cross-sectional, nationwide, postal survey data. METHODS The survey respondent characteristics included demographics, comorbidity, physical activity, health, use of sleep medications, and history of sleep apnea. They self-identified caregiving- related sleep problems (i.e., those who had trouble sleeping because of caring for a sick adult, an infant/child, or other respondents). Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used to assess mental health, and daytime function was measured using 11 items of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (ICSD-2). RESULTS Female Veterans with self-identified sleep problems due to caring for a sick adult (n = 59) experienced significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety (p < 0.001) and impairment in daytime function (e.g., fatigue, daytime sleepiness, loss of concentration, p < 0.001) than those with self-identified sleep problems due to caring for an infant or child (n = 95) or all other respondents (n = 1,323) after controlling for the respondent characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should pay attention to assessing sleep characteristics of female Veterans with caregiving responsibilities, particularly those caregiving for a sick adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Song
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donna L. Washington
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California. VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth M. Yano
- VA Health Services Research & Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan M. McCurry
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington
| | - Constance H. Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. Department of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stella Jouldjian
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael N. Mitchell
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cathy A. Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Manley NA, Hicken BL, Rupper RW. Veterans as Caregivers: Those Who Continue to Serve. Fed Pract 2017; 34:28-34. [PMID: 30766270 PMCID: PMC6370403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Provider referrals are effective for connecting caregiving veterans to community-based resources, which can provide necessary support that reduces the caregiving burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Manley
- is an assistant professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. is a psychologist and a research scientist at the Veterans Rural Health Research Center and is a research scientist with the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, both at the George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Health Care System in Utah. Dr. Rupper also is an associate professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Utah
| | - Bret L Hicken
- is an assistant professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. is a psychologist and a research scientist at the Veterans Rural Health Research Center and is a research scientist with the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, both at the George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Health Care System in Utah. Dr. Rupper also is an associate professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Utah
| | - Randall W Rupper
- is an assistant professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. is a psychologist and a research scientist at the Veterans Rural Health Research Center and is a research scientist with the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, both at the George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Health Care System in Utah. Dr. Rupper also is an associate professor in the Division of Geriatrics at the University of Utah
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Weiner MR, Monin JK, Mota N, Pietrzak RH. Age Differences in the Association of Social Support and Mental Health in Male U.S. Veterans: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:327-36. [PMID: 26880612 PMCID: PMC4898463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between multiple aspects of social support-perceived support, structural support, and community integration-and mental health difficulties in younger and older male veterans. Drawing from Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), we hypothesized that greater support would be more strongly negatively related to mental health difficulties in older than younger veterans. DESIGN Cross-sectional Web survey of younger and older male veterans recruited from a contemporary, nationally representative sample of veterans residing in the United States. SETTING Data were drawn from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 290 younger male veterans (mean age: 37.0 years, SD: 6.9, range: 21-46) and 326 older male veterans (mean age: 81.7 years, SD: 3.2, range: 78-96). MEASUREMENTS Participants completed measures of sociodemographic and military characteristics, perceived and structural social support, community integration, and mental health difficulties. RESULTS In contrast to SST, higher perceived support was associated with fewer mental health difficulties in younger but not older veterans. In line with SST, community integration was associated with fewer mental health difficulties in older but not younger veterans. Structural support was not associated with mental health difficulties in either group. CONCLUSION Results of this study provide mixed support for SST and suggest that different aspects of social support may help promote the mental health of younger and older male U.S. veterans. Promotion of community engagement may help promote mental health in older veterans, whereas promotion of functional social support may help promote mental health in younger veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Weiner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Joan K Monin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Natalie Mota
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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