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Martínez-Rives NL, Martín Chaparro MDP, Dhungel B, Gilmour S, Colman RD, Kotera Y. Suicide Interventions in Spain and Japan: A Comparative Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:792. [PMID: 38610214 PMCID: PMC11011319 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This systematic review presents an overview of psychological interventions in suicide published between 2013 and 2023 in Spain and Japan, sparked by Spain's alarming recent increase in suicide rates and the potential exemplar of Japan's reduction efforts. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA checklist, the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched using the terms [("suicide" OR "suicidal behavior" OR "suicidal attempt" OR "suicidal thought" OR "suicidal intention") AND ("prevention" OR "intervention" OR "psychosocial treatment" OR "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" OR "Cognitive Therapy" OR "psychotherap*")] AND [("Spain" OR "Spanish") OR ("Japan" OR "Japanese")]. We included articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals, written in English, Spanish, and Japanese between 2013 and 2023 that presented, designed, implemented, or assessed psychological interventions focused on suicidal behavior. (3) Results: 46 studies were included, concerning prevention, treatment, and training interventions. The risk of bias was low in both Spanish and Japanese studies, despite the lack of randomization of the samples. We identified common characteristics, such as psychoeducation and coping skills. Assertive case management was only highlighted in Japan, making an emphasis on active patient involvement in his/her care plan. (4) Conclusions: The findings will help professionals to incorporate into their interventions broader, more comprehensive approaches to consider more interpersonal components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bibha Dhungel
- School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan;
- Department of Health Policy, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Rory D. Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Linskens EJ, Venables NC, Gustavson AM, Sayer NA, Murdoch M, MacDonald R, Ullman KE, McKenzie LG, Wilt TJ, Sultan S. Population- and Community-Based Interventions to Prevent Suicide. CRISIS 2022. [PMID: 36052582 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is estimated to account for 1.4% of deaths worldwide, making it among the leading causes of premature death. Public health approaches to reduce suicide have the potential to reach individuals across the spectrum of suicide risk. Aims: To review the effectiveness of newer community-based or population-level suicide prevention strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature published from January 2010 to November 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of community- and population-level interventions. The US Center for Disease Control framework was used for grouping studies by strategy. Results: We included 56 publications that described 47 unique studies. Interventions that reduce access to lethal means, implement organizational policies and culture in police workplace settings, and involve community screening for depression may reduce suicide deaths. It is unclear if other interventions such as public awareness and education campaigns, crisis lines, and gatekeeper training prevent suicide. Evidence was inconsistent for community-based, multistrategy interventions. The most promising multistrategy intervention was the European Alliance Against Depression. Limitations: Most eligible studies were observational and many lacked concurrent control groups or adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions: Community-based interventions that may reduce suicide deaths include reducing access to lethal means, implementing organizational policies in workplace settings, screening for depression, and the multistrategy European Alliance Against Depression Program. Evidence was unclear, inconsistent, or lacking regarding the impact of many other single- or multistrategy interventions on suicide deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Linskens
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison M Gustavson
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nina A Sayer
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maureen Murdoch
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roderick MacDonald
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristen E Ullman
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren G McKenzie
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shahnaz Sultan
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Chattun MR, Amdanee N, Zhang X, Yao Z. Suicidality in the geriatric population. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 75:103213. [PMID: 35917739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Suicide in older adults is a major global concern in both public and mental health. With an ageing population on the rise, a surge in suicidal deaths is predicted in the coming years. The objectives of this paper are to review the risk factors, protective factors, assessment rating scales and current prevention strategies in the geriatric population. The identification of modifiable risk factors and strengthening of protective factors as well as staging according to suicidal ideation, behaviors and/or attempt(s) are necessary to devise appropriate personalized interventions in vulnerable older adults. A history or current psychiatric illness particularly depression, physical illnesses, previous suicide attempt, substance abuse, loneliness, marital status, financial stress, a family history of psychiatric illnesses or suicide in 1st degree relatives and low social support most commonly increase suicidal susceptibility in older adults. Conversely, factors that increase resilience in older adults include a good physical health and cognitive function, religiousness, good quality of life and life satisfaction, ability to perform activities of daily living, marital status, having friends and social connectedness. While the risk factors associated with suicide in the geriatric population are complex and multidimensional in nature, the current preventive strategies have provided no substantial decline in suicidal risk. Therefore, a combination of strategies applied via a multilevel prevention program at a primary, mental healthcare, societal and community level could mitigate suicidal risk. Further research and better preventive measures are warranted to diminish suicidal risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Nousayhah Amdanee
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Sakashita T, Oyama H. Suicide Prevention Interventions and Their Linkages in Multilayered Approaches for Older Adults: A Review and Comparison. Front Public Health 2022; 10:842193. [PMID: 35619820 PMCID: PMC9127334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.842193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayered approaches to suicide prevention combine universal, selective, and indicated prevention interventions. These approaches may be more successful in reducing suicide rates among older adults if they link these layers more systematically: that is, if the programs are designed so that interventions at a lower level facilitate involvement at a higher level when appropriate. This study aimed to examine the effect on suicide rates of the structure of multilayered approaches, and in particular the types of interventions and the connections or linkages between them. We also wished to consider any different effects by sex. A literature search used PubMed and PsycINFO to identify systematic reviews of interventions in this age group. From the reference lists of these articles, we identified controlled studies assessing the impact of a multilayered program on suicide incidence among older adults. We were particularly interested in initiatives linking different kinds of prevention interventions. We found three relevant systematic reviews, and from these, we identified nine eligible studies. These included seven non-randomized controlled studies from rural areas in Japan (average eligible population: 3,087, 59% women, average duration: 8 years). We also found two cohort studies. The first was from a semi-urban area in Padua, Italy (18,600 service users, 84% women, duration: 11 years). The second was from urban Hong Kong, with 351 participants (57% women) over a 2-year follow-up period. We used a narrative synthesis of these studies to identify five different multilayered programs with different forms of connections or linkages between layers. Two studies/programs (Italy and Hong Kong) involved selective and indicated prevention interventions. One study/program (Yuri, Japan) included universal and selective prevention interventions, and the final six studies (two programs in northern Japan) involved linkages between all three layers. We also found that these linkages could be either formal or informal. Formal linkages were professional referrals between levels. Informal linkages included advice from professionals and self-referrals. Several of the studies noted that during the program, the service users developed relationships with services or providers, which may have facilitated movements between levels. All five programs were associated with reduced suicide incidence among women in the target groups or communities. Two programs were also associated with a reduction among men. The study authors speculated that women were more likely to accept services than men, and that the care provided in some studies did less to address issues that are more likely to affect men, such as suicidal impulsivity. We therefore suggest that it is important to build relationships between levels, especially between selective and indicated prevention interventions, but that these can be both formal and informal. Additionally, to reach older men, it may be important to create systematic methods to involve mental health professionals in the indicated prevention intervention. Universal interventions, especially in conjunction with systematically linked indicated and selective interventions, can help to disseminate the benefits across the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Sakashita
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Oyama
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
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Zhang RW. Evidence-Based Suicide Screening and Prevention Protocol for Licensed Nursing Staff: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 60:21-27. [PMID: 34590987 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210916-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a public health crisis in the United States and is frequently encountered by licensed nursing staff working in psychiatric settings. The aim of the current study was to identify evidence-based best practices for universal suicide screening and suicide prevention that can be used in psychiatric settings. A systematic literature search was conducted to determine evidence-based best practices in suicide prevention. PubMed, DynaMed, and CINAHL databases were searched using the following key words: suicide prevention, interventions, and suicide screening in adults. Results were limited to publications focusing on suicide prevention for adults. The search yielded >6,000 articles, which was then narrowed to only those that were peer reviewed. Narrowing the search yielded 234 articles and eight were included in this review. Only articles <10 years old and published in English were included. Individuals at risk of suicide need to receive evidence-based care effective in preventing suicide. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Guo Z, Gu C, Li S, Gan S, Li Y, Xiang S, Gong L, Wang S. Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:171-179. [PMID: 33262027 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bladder cancer have a high risk of suicide. This study aimed to assess how bladder cancer increases suicide risk and to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with suicidal death among patients with bladder cancer. METHODS Literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to April 2020 to identify eligible studies related to the incidence and risk factors of suicide after bladder cancer diagnosis. Summary multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using inverse variance method with random or fixed-effect modeling. RESULTS Five retrospective cohorts comprising 563,680 patients with bladder cancer were included. Higher risk of suicide by 1.90-fold was observed among patients with bladder cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29-2.81; P = 0.001; I2 = 81.2%), especially in those aged 70 years or older (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29-1.43; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), unmarried (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61-1.83; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), and those with regional bladder cancer (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10-3.21; P = 0.021; I2 = 96.3%), compared with those without bladder cancer. Furthermore, gender and race were not associated with increased suicide risk among patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Suicide risk is increased among patients with bladder cancer, particularly those aged 70 years or older, unmarried and those with regional bladder cancer. Hence, early psychological support must be provided during the follow-up period of these special populations with a high suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlang Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chiming Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Gan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiliang Gong
- Department of mechanical engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Kohlmann S, Lehmann M, Eisele M, Braunschneider LE, Marx G, Zapf A, Wegscheider K, Härter M, König HH, Gallinat J, Joos S, Resmark G, Schneider A, Allwang C, Szecsenyi J, Nikendei C, Schulz S, Brenk-Franz K, Scherer M, Löwe B. Depression screening using patient-targeted feedback in general practices: study protocol of the German multicentre GET.FEEDBACK.GP randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035973. [PMID: 32958483 PMCID: PMC7507856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately one out of six patients in primary care suffers from depression, which often remains undetected. Evidence regarding the efficacy of depression screening in primary care, however, is inconsistent. A previous single-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) in cardiac patients, the DEPSCREEN-INFO trial, provided the first evidence that written feedback to patients following a positive depression screening reduces depression severity and leads to more comprehensive patient engagement in mental healthcare. To amplify these effects, the feedback should be tailored according to patients' needs and preferences. The GET.FEEDBACK.GP RCT will test the efficacy of this patient-targeted feedback intervention in primary care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The multicentre three-arm GET.FEEDBACK.GP RCT aims to recruit a total of 1074 primary care patients from North, East and South Germany. Patients will be screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In the case of a positive depression screening result (PHQ-9 score ≥10), the participant will be randomised into one of three groups to either receive (a) patient-targeted and general practitioner (GP)-targeted feedback regarding the depression screening results, (b) only GP-targeted feedback or (c) no feedback. Patients will be followed over a period of 12 months. The primary outcome is depression severity (PHQ-9) 6 months after screening. Secondary outcomes include patient engagement in mental healthcare, professional depression care and cost-effectiveness. According to a statistical analysis plan, the primary endpoint of all randomised patients will be analysed regarding the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Ethics Committee of the Hamburg Medical Association approved the study. A clinical trial company will ensure data safety, monitoring and supervision. The multicentre GET.FEEDBACK.GP RCT is the first trial in primary care that tests the efficacy of a patient-targeted feedback intervention as an adjunct to depression screening. Its results have the potential to influence future depression guidelines and will be disseminated in scientific as well as patient-friendly language. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03988985.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kohlmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Lehmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Eisele
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lea-Elena Braunschneider
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella Marx
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Joos
- Department of Primary Care, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gaby Resmark
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonius Schneider
- Department of Primary Care, Technical University of Munich Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munchen, Germany
| | - Christine Allwang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munchen, Germany
| | - Joachim Szecsenyi
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Schulz
- Department of Primary Care, University Medical Centre Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Brenk-Franz
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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How Do Regulated Nurse Professionals in Alberta Assess Geriatric Depression in Residential Care Facilities? Can J Aging 2020; 39:468-484. [PMID: 32723411 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980819000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although geriatric depression is a prevalent, serious, and under-recognized mental health condition in residential care facilities, there is a dearth of related research in Canada. This exploratory mixed methods study examines the perspectives and practices of regulated nurse professionals on assessment of geriatric depression in residential care facilities in Alberta. Findings from the quantitative surveys (n = 635) and qualitative interviews (n = 14) suggest that geriatric depression is not systematically assessed in these care settings due to multiple challenges, including confusing assessment protocol, inconsistent use and contested clinical utility of current assessment methods in facilities, limited availability of mental health professionals in facilities, and the varied views of regulated nurse professionals on who is responsible for depression assessment in facilities. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Analysis of attempted suicide episodes presenting to the emergency department: comparison of young, middle aged and older people. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:46. [PMID: 32582367 PMCID: PMC7310195 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attempted suicide remains difficult for clinicians to predict with some established risk factors. We investigate the detailed characteristics of attempted suicide especially according to age and methods of suicide attempts. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate patients who visited the emergency department due to attempted suicide. A retrospective medical record review of all patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) of two tertiary teaching hospitals in Korea after suicide attempt between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017 was performed. Demographic information and detailed variables (methods and reasons of suicide attempts and variables regarding reattempts) were investigated. Total participants were classified into 3 groups according to age, young group, middle aged group and the older group, and each characteristics were compared. Results A total of 3698 patients were enrolled in this study. Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) was the most common method of attempted suicide (66.5%) followed by cutting (24.4%), hanging (7.9%), falling (2.6%), and drowning (1.1%). In patients who had previous suicide attempts (n = 1029, 27.8%), attempted methods were likely to be concordant with previous attempted methods. The most common reason for suicide attempts was interpersonal relationship issues followed by socio-economic reasons. Older patients (n = 412, 11.2%) were significantly different from other 2 groups (n = 3286, 88.8%) regarding gender, suicide re-attempt, occupation, alcohol co-ingestion, previous psychiatric history, and discharge outcomes (all p-values < 0.001). Especially, in older patients, use of critical method and reason of physical illness were more common. Conclusion Our findings indicated that people who attempted suicide might have different sociodemographic and clinical factors depending on age group. Depending on age, it is necessary to apply additional suicide intervention programs in different ways.
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Jung M, Ko W, Muhwava W, Choi Y, Kim H, Park YS, Jambere GB, Cho Y. Mind the gaps: age and cause specific mortality and life expectancy in the older population of South Korea and Japan. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:819. [PMID: 32487053 PMCID: PMC7268756 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent life expectancy gains in high-income Asia-pacific countries have been largely the result of postponement of death from non-communicable diseases in old age, causing rapid demographic ageing. This study compared and quantified age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy in two high-income Asia-pacific countries with ageing populations, South Korea and Japan. METHODS This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing life expectancy to compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy between South Korea and Japan during 1997 and 2017. RESULTS South Korea experienced rapid population ageing, and the gaps in life expectancy at 60 years old between South Korea and Japan were reduced by 2.47 years during 1997 and 2017. Decomposition analysis showed that mortality reductions from non-communicable diseases in South Korea were the leading causes of death contributing to the decreased gaps in old-age life expectancy between the two countries. More specifically, mortality reductions from cardiovascular diseases (stroke, ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease) and cancers (stomach, liver, lung, pancreatic cancers) in South Korea contributed to the decreased gap by 1.34 and 0.41 years, respectively. However, increased mortality from Alzheimer and dementia, lower respiratory tract disease, self-harm and falls in South Korea widened the gaps by 0.41 years. CONCLUSIONS Age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy can differ between high-income Asia-pacific countries. Although the gaps in old-age life expectancy between high-income Asia-pacific countries are primarily attributed to mortality changes in non-communicable diseases, these countries should also identify potential emerging threats of communicable diseases and injuries along with demographic ageing in pursuit of healthy life years in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggu Jung
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Woorim Ko
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Muhwava
- African Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeohee Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Park
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Youngtae Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Oh IM, Cho MJ, Hahm BJ, Kim BS, Sohn JH, Suk HW, Jung BY, Kim HJ, Kim HA, Choi KB, You DH, Lim AR, Park IO, Ahn JH, Lee H, Kim YH, Kim MR, Park JE. Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:89. [PMID: 32131745 PMCID: PMC7057500 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas. Methods A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up. Results Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction (F[df1, df2], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023). Conclusion This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program. Trial registration NCT04013165 (date: 9 July 2019, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Mok Oh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Young Jung
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon A Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bok Choi
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye You
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Park
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hyuck Ahn
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Lee
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Yeoncheon Commnity Mental Health Center, 95, Eundaeseong-ro, Jeongok-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Zia B, Heisel MJ, Peckham SB, Rosen S. A Psychometric Assessment of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-5) and Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale-Screen (GSIS-screen) in Middle-Aged and Older Men. Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:46-60. [PMID: 31854266 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1656695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To investigate the psychometric properties of the five-item Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-5) and the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale-Screen (GSIS-Screen, submitted) among community-residing middle-aged and older men.Methods. The SBQ-5 and GSIS-Screen were administered to 93 men, 55 years or older, who participated in an eligibility assessment (Time 1) for an upstream psychological intervention study to prevent the onset of suicide ideation among men struggling to transition to retirement. Eligible participants later completed the full GSIS and measures of depression and hopelessness at a pre-group assessment (Time 2).Results. The SBQ-5 was positively associated with the GSIS-Screen at the eligibility assessment. Internal consistency for both measures was low but acceptable. Time 1 scores on both screens predicted suicide ideation at Time 2, controlling for the intervening time lag and for baseline cognitive and physical functioning. Only the GSIS-Screen uniquely predicted future depression and hopelessness ratings.Conclusions. The SBQ-5 and the GSIS-Screen have acceptable psychometric properties among middle-aged and older community-residing men; the GSIS-Screen is more closely associated with later-life suicide risk factors.Clinical Implications. Brief screening tools may be of use in effectively identifying suicide ideation in community-residing middle-aged and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Zia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marnin J Heisel
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate choice of suicide method in individuals aged 65 years and over. METHODS Data were obtained from the Queensland Suicide Register, Australia. Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The predominant methods in older adults were hanging (21.5%), firearms and explosives (20.9%), drug poisoning (18.5%), followed by other poisoning (mainly MVCO) (12.6%), suffocation by plastic bag (8.5%), and drowning (6%). Some methods (e.g. firearms and explosives, drug poisoning, suffocation) appeared characterised by profiles (e.g., socio-demographic and clinical aspects), meanwhile others were not well distinguishable. Compared to other methods, those who died by firearms and explosives were significantly more likely to be males, Australian born, live in rural and remote areas, and less likely to have a mental illness, previous suicide attempt(s) or leave a suicide note. Those who died by drug poisoning were more likely to be females, leave a suicide note, experience interpersonal conflict and live in urban areas. Similarly, those who chose suffocation by plastic bag were more likely to be older females, leave a suicide note, and pay attention to suicide in the media, but less likely to experience interpersonal conflict. CONCLUSION Acceptability, availability and lethality are important factors impacting choice of means and should be considered when designing suicide prevention activities in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Koo
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University , Brisbane
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University , Brisbane
| | - Diego de Leo
- a Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University , Brisbane
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Kim H, Ahn JS, Kim H, Cha YS, Lee J, Kim MH, Min S. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of old-old suicide attempters compared with young-old and middle-aged attempters. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1717-1726. [PMID: 30264415 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify distinctive characteristics of old-old suicide attempters (75 years and older) from young-old (60-74 years old) and middle-aged suicide attempters (45-59 years old). METHODS We included consecutive series of 920 patients aged 45 years and older who had visited the emergency room from 2009 to 2015 because of suicide attempts. They were divided into 3 groups according to age. Information about the suicide attempt and sociodemographic status was gathered through interviews with attempters or caregivers. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the differences among the 3 groups. RESULTS We found that old-old suicide attempters had high intent to die and high medical lethality as a result of the attempt, and illness-related problems exerted a strong motivational effect on this group. Psychiatric drugs, pesticides, and herbicides were frequently used to attempt suicide. These attempts were less likely to be associated with alcohol consumption compared to other age groups. CONCLUSION Old-old suicide attempters have different characteristics, compared with young-old and middle-aged counterparts. It is necessary to assess suicide risk and depression when examining patients with physical illness or when prescribing psychotropic drugs. High-risk groups should be given immediate intervention including psychiatric treatment before they act on high suicide intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeungKyu Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Wonju Mental Health Center, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Butcher HK, Ingram TN. Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Secondary Prevention of Late-Life Suicide. J Gerontol Nurs 2018; 44:20-32. [PMID: 30208188 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20180907-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a tragic, traumatic loss, and one of the most emotionally devastating events families, friends, and communities experience. Suicide claims more than 800,000 lives every year, and some of the highest rates of suicide in the United States and globally are among older adults. The purpose of this evidence-based guideline is to help health care providers recognize those at risk for suicide and recommend appropriate and effective secondary suicide prevention interventions. The information in this guideline is intended for health care providers who work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, out-patient clinics, mental health clinics, home health care, and other long-term care facilities. Assessment and preventive treatment strategies were derived by exhaustive literature review and synthesis of the current evidence on secondary prevention of late-life suicide across practice settings. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(11), 20-32.].
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Van Orden K, Deming C. Late-life suicide prevention strategies: current status and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 22:79-83. [PMID: 28938218 PMCID: PMC5843499 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Late life suicide prevention differs from suicide prevention for other age groups: first, the number of older adults worldwide is on the rise; second, late-life suicide receives much less attention in all societal spheres, from the media, to federal funding agencies, to healthcare initiatives. Recent findings indicate an association between internalized ageist stereotypes and reduced will to live. Recent research also addresses the role of cognitive control as a contributor to risk and as an intervention target (e.g., through psychotherapies such as problem solving therapy) as well as firearm safety as a promising, though a politicized and challenging strategy to implement. Another strategy that may prove feasible is an approach on upstream prevention strategies in healthcare. One strategy we believe holds great promise is the promotion of high quality geriatric medicine. Geriatricians are trained to work with patients to prioritize the promotion of physical and cognitive functioning (rather than solely absence of disease) and to focus on well-being as a goal. Thus, geriatricians routinely target numerous late-life suicide risk factors-physical illness, functioning, pain, and (dis)satisfaction with life. However, efficacious strategies will not prevent suicide deaths if they are not implemented-addressing ageism as a universal prevention strategy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Van Orden
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, USA.
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Klaassen Z, Goldberg H, Chandrasekar T, Arora K, Sayyid RK, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Williams SB, Wallis CJ, Kulkarni GS. Changing Trends for Suicidal Death in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A 40+ Year Population-level Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018; 16:206-212.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chang Q, Chan CH, Yip PS. A meta-analytic review on social relationships and suicidal ideation among older adults. Soc Sci Med 2017; 191:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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