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Singh AK, Malviya R, Prakash A, Verma S. Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Genetics and Treatment Options. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:39-54. [PMID: 36856177 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230301111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), which cause great misery to those with dementia and those who care for them and may lead to early institutionalization. OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aims to discuss the various aspects of Alzheimer's, including treatment options. METHODS The databases Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to collect data. RESULTS Incipient cognitive deterioration is commonly accompanied by these early warning signals of neurocognitive diseases. The neurobiology of NPSs in Alzheimer's disease, as well as particular symptoms, including psychosis, agitation, apathy, sadness, and sleep disorders, will be examined in this review. For NPSs in Alzheimer's disease, clinical trial designs, as well as regulatory issues, were also addressed. A fresh wave of research, however, is helping to push the discipline ahead. For medication development and repurposing, we highlight the most recent results in genetics, neuroimaging, and neurobiology. Even though identifying and treating psychosis in adults with dementia is still a challenging endeavor, new options are coming up that give the field fresh focus and hope. Conclsuion: It can be concluded from the complete literature survey that Alzheimer's-related psychosis as well as other symptoms that are not psychotic, have made significant progress in the last decade. These milestones in the development of safer, more effective treatments have been achieved as a consequence of great focus on non-pharmacological interventions like DICE or WHELD; the investigation into ways to improve existing drugs like aripiprazole, risperidone, amisulpride, and Escitalopram for safer precision-based treatment; and the development of a clinical trial program for pimavanserin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Prakash
- Reference Standard Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sec-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Richter AL, Diepeveen-de Bruin M, Balvers MG, de Groot LC, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Witkamp RF, Vermeiren Y. Association between Low Vitamin D Status, Serotonin, and Clinico-Biobehavioral Parameters in Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2023; 52:318-326. [PMID: 37806302 PMCID: PMC10911141 DOI: 10.1159/000534492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest a role of vitamin D in the progression and symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with few in vitro studies pointing to effects on serotonergic and amyloidogenic turnover. However, limited data exist in AD patients on the potential association with cognition and behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we, therefore, explored potential correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations, indicative of vitamin D status, with serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels, cognitive/BPSD scorings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. METHODS Frozen serum samples of 25 well-characterized AD subjects as part of a previous BPSD cohort were analyzed, of which 15 had a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were analyzed by means of LC-MS/MS, whereas 5-HT concentrations were quantified by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Among AD patients, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent, defined as levels below 50 nmol/L. Regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and psychotropic medications, revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 and 5-HT levels were positively associated (p = 0.012). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations correlated inversely with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) levels (p = 0.006), and serum 5-HT levels correlated positively with aggressiveness (p = 0.001), frontal behavior (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.004), and partly with cognitive performance (p < 0.005). Lastly, AD patients on cholinesterase inhibitors had higher serum 25(OH)D3 (p = 0.030) and lower serum 5-HT (p = 0.012) levels. CONCLUSIONS The molecular associations between low vitamin D status, serum 5-HT, and CSF Aβ1-42 levels are highly remarkable, warranting further mechanistic and intervention studies to disclose potential involvement in the clinico-biobehavioral pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Richter
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Diepeveen-de Bruin
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G.J. Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Middelheim General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Fan P, Miranda O, Qi X, Kofler J, Sweet RA, Wang L. Unveiling the Enigma: Exploring Risk Factors and Mechanisms for Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease through Electronic Medical Records with Deep Learning Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:911. [PMID: 37513822 PMCID: PMC10385983 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 50% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may experience psychotic symptoms after onset, resulting in a subtype of AD known as psychosis in AD (AD + P). This subtype is characterized by more rapid cognitive decline compared to AD patients without psychosis. Therefore, there is a great need to identify risk factors for the development of AD + P and explore potential treatment options. In this study, we enhanced our deep learning model, DeepBiomarker, to predict the onset of psychosis in AD utilizing data from electronic medical records (EMRs). The model demonstrated superior predictive capacity with an AUC (area under curve) of 0.907, significantly surpassing conventional risk prediction models. Utilizing a perturbation-based method, we identified key features from multiple medications, comorbidities, and abnormal laboratory tests, which notably influenced the prediction outcomes. Our findings demonstrated substantial agreement with existing studies, underscoring the vital role of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and liver function pathways in AD + P. Importantly, the DeepBiomarker model not only offers a precise prediction of AD + P onset but also provides mechanistic understanding, potentially informing the development of innovative treatments. With additional validation, this approach could significantly contribute to early detection and prevention strategies for AD + P, thereby improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Fan
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Oshin Miranda
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiguang Qi
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Thiel A, Hermanns C, Lauer AA, Reichrath J, Erhardt T, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW, Grimm HS. Vitamin D and Its Analogues: From Differences in Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Benefits of Adapted Use in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071684. [PMID: 37049524 PMCID: PMC10096957 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle habits and insufficient sunlight exposure lead to a high prevalence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis, especially in the elderly. Recent studies suggest that in central Europe more than 50% of people over 60 years are not sufficiently supplied with vitamin D. Since vitamin D hypovitaminosis is associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vitamin D supplementation seems to be particularly useful for this vulnerable age population. Importantly, in addition to vitamin D, several analogues are known and used for different medical purposes. These vitamin D analogues differ not only in their pharmacokinetics and binding affinity to the vitamin D receptor, but also in their potential side effects. Here, we discuss these aspects, especially those of the commonly used vitamin D analogues alfacalcidol, paricalcitol, doxercalciferol, tacalcitol, calcipotriol, and eldecalcitol. In addition to their pleiotropic effects on mechanisms relevant to AD, potential effects of vitamin D analogues on comorbidities common in the context of geriatric diseases are summarized. AD is defined as a complex neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system and is commonly represented in the elderly population. It is usually caused by extracellular accumulation of amyloidogenic plaques, consisting of amyloid (Aβ) peptides. Furthermore, the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles involving hyperphosphorylated tau proteins contributes to the pathology of AD. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of an adequate vitamin D supply and discusses the specifics of administering various vitamin D analogues compared with vitamin D in geriatric patients, especially those suffering from AD.
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Benmelouka AY, Ouerdane Y, Outani O, Alnasser YT, Alghamdi BS, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Ebada MA. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Psychosis: An Overview of Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Current Treatment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:285-301. [PMID: 35440308 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220418151914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and psychotic manifestations, including aggression, delusions, and hallucinations, are frequent comorbidities in patients with debilitating nervous illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. AD-related psychosis may be linked to a poor disease prognosis, highlighting that early detection and management are mandatory. The manifestations are variable and may be very heterogeneous, imposing a real diagnostic issue. Some assessment tools such as BEHAVE-AD, CERAD-BRSD, and the Psycho-Sensory Hallucinations Scale have been designed to facilitate the diagnosis. The mechanisms behind neurodegeneration-related psychosis are complex and are not fully understood, imposing a burden on researchers to find appropriate management modalities. Familial history and some genetic disturbances may have a determinant role in these delusions and hallucinations in cases with AD. The loss of neuronal cells, atrophy in some regions of the central nervous, and synaptic dysfunction may also contribute to these comorbidities. Furthermore, inflammatory disturbances triggered by pro-inflammatory agents such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors are stratified among the potential risk factors of the onset of numerous psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's patients. Little is known about the possible management tools; therefore, it is urgent to conduct well-designed trials to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can improve the care process of these patients. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the AD-related psychosis symptoms, pathological features, assessment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oumaima Outani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed 5 University
| | | | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al-Sharkia.,Internal Medicine Resident, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Cairo
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Ismail Z, Creese B, Aarsland D, Kales HC, Lyketsos CG, Sweet RA, Ballard C. Psychosis in Alzheimer disease - mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:131-144. [PMID: 34983978 PMCID: PMC9074132 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is a common and distressing symptom in people with Alzheimer disease, and few safe and effective treatments are available. However, new approaches to symptom assessment and treatment are beginning to drive the field forward. New nosological perspectives have been provided by incorporating the emergence of psychotic symptoms in older adults - even in advance of dementia - into epidemiological and neurobiological frameworks as well as into diagnostic and research criteria such as the International Psychogeriatric Association criteria for psychosis in neurocognitive disorders, the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) research criteria for psychosis in neurodegenerative disease, and the ISTAART criteria for mild behavioural impairment. Here, we highlight the latest findings in genomics, neuroimaging and neurobiology that are informing approaches to drug discovery and repurposing. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are discussed, with a focus on safety and precision medicine. We also explore trial data for pimavanserin, a novel agent that shows promise for the treatment of psychosis in people with dementia, and discuss existing agents that might be useful but need further exploration such as escitalopram, lithium, cholinesterase inhibitors and vitamin D. Although the assessment and management of psychosis in people with dementia remain challenging, new opportunities are providing direction and hope to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, Community Health Sciences, and Pathology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Byron Creese
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clive Ballard
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Nakajima-Ohyama KC, Tansho K, Tanimukai H. An alarm on vitamin D therapy for Alzheimer's disease patients: a case with Alzheimer's disease whose symptoms were exacerbated under chronic use of eldecalcitol. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:145-148. [PMID: 34761480 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Tansho
- Department of Nephrology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanimukai
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush M, Shahmohammadi M, Keikhaee M, Eslamian G, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. Single high-dose vitamin D3 injection and clinical outcomes in brain tumor resection: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:153-159. [PMID: 33487259 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D is known as a neuroprotective hormone with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. We evaluated the effect of vitamin D3 injection on vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in patients with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection. METHODS Patients with benign brain tumors and serum 25(OH)D levels ≤20 ng/mL were randomized to two groups with an equal number of subjects. The study group (n = 30) received intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU vitamin D3 prior to surgery. The control group (n = 30) was left without intervention, and both groups underwent routine therapies. RESULTS On day 5 after craniotomy, the serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in the study group (P= <0.001). The length of ICU and hospital stay was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.008, respectively). It was true when the age, tumor size, tumor type, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and calcium and albumin levels at baseline entered the logistic regression model (OR = 0.17 (95%CI = 0.04-0.72, P = 0.01), and OR = 0.19 (95%CI = 0.04-0.82, P = 0.02), respectively). With and without the application of logistic regression analysis, there was no significant difference in perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of vitamin D3 in patients with low serum levels of 25(OH)D undergoing craniotomy, could rise safely the serum 25(OH)D level. This intervention, significantly reduced the length of ICU stay and hospitalization. REGISTERED UNDER Clinicaltrials.gov.identifier no: NCT03248544. Date: 8/14/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Comprehensive Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keikhaee
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Comprehensive Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Fan P, Qi X, Sweet RA, Wang L. Network Systems Pharmacology-Based Mechanism Study on the Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D against Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6136. [PMID: 32273551 PMCID: PMC7145835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with significant financial costs and negative impacts on quality of life. Psychotic symptoms, i.e., the presence of delusions and/or hallucinations, is a frequent complication of AD. About 50% of AD patients will develop psychotic symptoms (AD with Psychosis, or AD + P) and these patients will experience an even more rapid cognitive decline than AD patients without psychosis (AD-P). In a previous analysis on medication records of 776 AD patients, we had shown that use of Vitamin D was associated with delayed time to psychosis in AD patients and Vitamin D was used more by AD-P than AD + P patients. To explore the potential molecular mechanism behind our findings, we applied systems pharmacology approaches to investigate the crosstalk between AD and psychosis. Specifically, we built protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks with proteins encoded by AD- and psychosis-related genes and Vitamin D-perturbed genes. Using network analysis we identified several high-impact genes, including NOTCH4, COMT, CACNA1C and DRD3 which are related to calcium homeostasis. The new findings highlight the key role of calcium-related signaling pathways in AD + P development and may provide a new direction and facilitate hypothesis generation for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiguang Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, USA.
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10
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Vyas CM, Okereke OI. Vitamin D and Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease: New Insights From Pharmacogenomics Research. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:918-919. [PMID: 31262684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag M Vyas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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