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Bukhari HA, Afzal M, Al-Abbasi FA, Sheikh RA, Alqurashi MM, Bawadood AS, Alzarea SI, Alamri A, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. In vivo and computational investigation of butin against alloxan-induced diabetes via biochemical, histopathological, and molecular interactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20633. [PMID: 39232184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbs have been used as medicines since antiquity, and it has been discovered that the human body responds well to herbal remedies. Research on the effect of butin was conducted in the current study in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat paradigm. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into the following groups (n = 6): I-Normal; II-Alloxan-induced (50 mg/kg); III-Alloxan + butin 25 mg/kg; IV-Alloxan + butin 50 mg/kg; V-Butin per se 50 mg/kg. Various diabetic parameters (blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c), lipid profile, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH), oxidative stress indicators (MDA), apoptosis marker (caspase-3), hepatic markers (ALT and AST), and histopathological changes were assessed. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamics were performed to evaluate the interaction of butin with target proteins. Butin treatment, at both doses, significantly restored biochemical parameters and preserved pancreatic histopathology in diabetic rats. It effectively modulated blood parameters, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, apoptosis, antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and hepatic markers. Molecular docking revealed that butin binds to proteins such as caspase-3 (1NME), NF-κB (1SVC), and serum insulin (4IBM) with binding affinities of - 7.4, - 6.5, and - 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations further suggested that butin induces significant conformational changes in these proteins. Butin exhibits potential effects against alloxan-induced diabetic rats by restoring biochemical balance, reducing inflammation, and protecting pancreatic tissue. Its binding to key proteins involved in apoptosis and inflammation highlights its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May M Alqurashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah Salim Bawadood
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Aljouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Armenia A, Badriyya E, Rahmita S, Rachmaini F, Abdillah R. Malondialdehyde and TNF-α lowering effects of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) in diabetic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100855. [PMID: 38266537 PMCID: PMC10835436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of a dominat marker in oxidative stress condition, and when inflammation occurred tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) played a significant influence in the propagation this process. Purified gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) contained 90% catechin which is proven to have antioxidant activity and may prevent unwanted inflammatory responses during diabetic state. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to assess how purified gambier affected plasma MDA and TNF- α levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 35 rats were used. Alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal injection was administered to induce diabetes conditions in rats. All animals were divided into 5 groups, diabetic control group treated with vehicle, positive control group treated with glibenclamide dose 0.45 mg/kg BW), and treatment groups treated with purified gambier dose of 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg BW. All animals were treated respectively for 14 days. Plasma MDA and TNF- α levels were measured on day 3, and 14. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA was applied to analyze all of the data, these findings suggested that purified gambier has antioxidant-related anti-inflammation actions. possesses blood sugar-lowering activity (p<0.05). The plasma MDA and TNF- α level of treatment group were significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to diabetes control group. CONCLUSION These results depicted that at doses of 2.5-10 mg/kg BW, purified gambier has antioxidant-associated anti-inflammation effects when given for 14 days on diabetic rat model by reducing plasma levels MDA and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armenia Armenia
- Departement of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Elsa Badriyya
- Departement of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Sri Rahmita
- Undergraduate Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Rachmaini
- Departement of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Rahmad Abdillah
- Departement of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.
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Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Reduction in Glomerular and Renal Tubular Damage in Kidneys of Diabetic Rats Supplemented with Alpha-Lipoic Acid. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia caused by diabetes results in systemic damage to the body, and the kidney ends up being the target of tissue damage. The use of antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to improve clinical and biochemical parameters in diabetic patients as they help in the prevention of oxidative stress. The present study aimed to undertake a comparative evaluation of the renal morphology of normal and diabetes-induced Wistar rats supplemented with ALA. The experiment had 4 experimental groups (n=7): a control group and a diabetic group that were fed commercial food; an alpha-lipoic group and an alpha-lipoic diabetic group that received the ALA supplement. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxane monohydrate administered after fasting. After 60 days of the experiment, the kidneys were excised to study the histomorphometric and stereological parameters of the glomeruli and renal tubules and the immunohistochemical parameters with a podocyte count. In the evaluation, the ALA promoted improvement in all of the relevant parameters of the glomerular areas and attenuation of tubular lesions of diabetic animals (p<0.001). Supplementation with ALA also showed beneficial effects in diabetic animals, such as reducing hyperglycemia and the damage promoted by oxidative stress alongside promoting a protective effect on the renal parenchyma. The reduction of glomerular and tubular damage delayed the advance of diabetic nephropathy and its complications, preventing renal failure in diabetic groups.
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Singh B, Kumar A, Singh H, Kaur S, Arora S, Singh B. Protective effect of vanillic acid against diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and upregulation of NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-2 proteins in rats. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1338-1352. [PMID: 35088468 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is the most prevalent disorder in the world characterized by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and nephropathy is one of the chief complications allied with hyperglycemia. Vanillic acid; the main bioactive compound derived from natural sources such as vegetables, fruits and plants possesses various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative. The current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of vanillic acid by its various pharmacological activities. Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg)/nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Oral administration of vanillic acid once daily for 6 weeks (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the hyperglycemia, increased liver enzymes and normalized lipid profile that was altered in diabetic rats. Moreover, vanillic acid attenuated the impaired renal function as evidenced by a reduction in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and urinary microproteinuria levels with a concomitant increase in urinary creatinine clearance in the nephropathic rats. Diabetic rats showed a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide anion generation (SAG) along with decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) in the renal tissue which was ameliorated in the vanillic acid-treated rats. Histopathologically, vanillic acid treatment was associated with reduced damage with normalized structural changes in renal tissue. Furthermore, treatment groups showed the suppression of upregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and up-regulation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the renal tissue. In conclusion, vanillic acid's ameliorative impact on diabetic nephropathic rats may be attributed to its powerful free radical scavenging property, down-regulation of NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2 and up-regulation of Nrf-2 proteins in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmjot Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Hasandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Venkateswaran MR, Vadivel TE, Jayabal S, Murugesan S, Rajasekaran S, Periyasamy S. A review on network pharmacology based phytotherapy in treating diabetes- An environmental perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111656. [PMID: 34265348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become common lifestyle disorder associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental factors like physical inactivity, polluted surroundings and unhealthy dieting also plays a vital role in diabetes pathogenesis. As the current anti-diabetic drugs possess unprecedented side effects, traditional herbal medicine can be used an alternative therapy. The paramount challenge with the herbal formulation usage is the lack of standardized procedure, entangled with little knowledge on drug safety and mechanism of drug action. Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental hazard where plants tend to accumulate toxic metals like nickel, chromium and lead through industrial and agricultural activities. It becomes inappropriate to use these plants for phytotherapy as it may affect the human health on long term consumption. This review discuss about the environmental risk factors related to diabetes and better implication of medicinal plants in anti-diabetic therapy using network pharmacology. It is an in silico analytical tool that helps to unravel the multi-targeted action of herbal formulations rich in secondary metabolites. Also, a special focus is attempted to pool the databases regarding the medicinal plants for diabetes and associated diseases, their bioactive compounds, possible diabetic targets, drug-target interaction and toxicology reports that may open an aisle in safer, effective and toxicity-free drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi R Venkateswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamil Elakkiya Vadivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sasidharan Jayabal
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
| | - Sureshkumar Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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High glucose suppresses autophagy through the AMPK pathway while it induces autophagy via oxidative stress in chondrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:506. [PMID: 34006821 PMCID: PMC8131591 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes (DB) is a risk factor for osteoarthritis progression. High glucose (HG) is one of the key pathological features of DB and has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and senescence in chondrocytes. Autophagy is an endogenous mechanism that can protect cells against apoptosis and senescence. The effects of HG on autophagy in cells including chondrocytes have been studied; however, the results have been inconsistent. The current study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which could be associated with the contrasting outcomes. The present study revealed that HG can induce apoptosis and senescence in chondrocytes, in addition to regulating autophagy dynamically. The present study demonstrated that HG can cause oxidative stress in chondrocytes and suppress the AMPK pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Elimination of oxidative stress by Acetylcysteine, also called N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), downregulated autophagy and alleviated HG-stimulated apoptosis and senescence, while activation of the AMPK signaling pathway by AICAR not only upregulated autophagy but also alleviated HG-stimulated apoptosis and senescence. A combined treatment of NAC and AICAR was superior to treatment with either NAC or AICAR. The study has demonstrated that HG can suppress autophagy through the AMPK pathway and induce autophagy via oxidative stress in chondrocytes.
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Singh B, Kumar A, Singh H, Kaur S, Kaur S, Singh Buttar H, Arora S, Singh B. Zingerone produces antidiabetic effects and attenuates diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and overexpression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and COX-2 proteins in rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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