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Liu Y, Kong Y, Zhou X. Screening and analysis for potential clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers in allergic rhinitis. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2670-2682. [PMID: 39006280 PMCID: PMC11236636 DOI: 10.62347/gkze5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify potential clinical diagnostic and prognostic markers for allergic rhinitis (AR) by analyzing a range of inflammatory and clinical markers in a cohort of patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 493 AR patients treated at Qianjiang Central Hospital from January to March 2023. Patients were categorized based on their outcome. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly applied to select the study population. Various clinical and inflammatory markers were assessed, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic utility. RESULTS No significant differences in traditional demographic factors were found between the good and poor prognosis groups (all P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in several inflammatory and clinical markers: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels were 17.32 ± 4.21 pg/mL in the good prognosis group versus 18.56 ± 5.89 pg/mL in the poor prognosis group (t=2.562, P=0.011). Interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels were 15.65 ± 3.78 pg/mL versus 16.52 ± 4.56 pg/mL, respectively (t=2.221, P=0.027). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were 39.16 ± 8.92 pg/mL versus 41.32 ± 9.67 pg/mL (t=2.513, P=0.012), and histamine levels were 11.87 ± 3.21 ng/mL versus 12.56 ± 4.03 ng/mL (t=1.991, P=0.047). Interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels were 16.32 ± 3.56 pg/mL versus 17.09 ± 4.21 pg/mL (t=2.108, P=0.036). Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly different, with 164.87 ± 45.32 IU/mL in the good prognosis group compared to 198.56 ± 58.21 IU/mL in the poor prognosis group (t=6.866, P < 0.001). The composite biomarker model demonstrated high predictive value for AR prognosis with an Area Under Curve of 0.906. Individual markers such as TGF-β1, IL-13, and serum IgE levels showed strong diagnostic potential. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the clinical utility of various inflammatory and clinical markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for AR. TGF-β1, IL-13, and serum IgE levels, in particular, demonstrated significant diagnostic and prognostic value. An integrated approach combining multiple biomarkers could enhance the accuracy of AR diagnosis and prognosis. Further validation through prospective clinical studies and consideration of treatment interventions are recommended to clarify the clinical implications of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qianjiang Central Hospital Qianjiang 433100, Hubei, China
| | - Yonggang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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2
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Trouche-Estival B, Vitte J, Martin-Blondel A, Michelet M, Gruzelle V, Didier A, Guilleminault L, Mailhol C, Rivera SM, De Lima Correia A, Taurus C, Blancher A, Goret J, Klingebiel C, Apoil PA. NOVEOS and ImmunoCAP Have Similar Performances for Diagnosing Food Allergies. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1605-1613.e5. [PMID: 38458433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of newly available platforms for specific IgE measurement must be evaluated. However, data are lacking for NOVEOS (Hycor), especially for food allergens. OBJECTIVE We compared the technical and clinical performance of two platforms (ImmunoCAP and NOVEOS) to measure specific IgE to 10 food allergens. METHODS Sera from 289 clinically characterized patients were tested for IgE specific for six food allergen extracts (egg white, cow's milk, peanut, hazelnut, fish, and shrimp) and four molecular allergens (Gal d 1, Bos d 8, Ara h 2, and Cor a 14). Specific IgE measurements were carried out using ImmunoCAP and NOVEOS methods. Food allergy diagnoses were established according to international guidelines. RESULTS A strong correlation (ρ > 0.9) was present between the two platforms whereas specific IgE concentrations measured with NOVEOS were consistently lower (mean, -15%) than with ImmunoCAP. NOVEOS and ImmunoCAP provided similar overall odds ratios and relative risks for food allergy diagnosis with both allergen extracts and molecular allergens. When all 10 allergens were considered, NOVEOS provided better receiver operating characteristic curves (P = .04). Finally, we found that the most discordant results were observed with hazelnut and peanut extracts and were related to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants for these two with ImmunoCAP. CONCLUSIONS Specific IgE determination by either ImmunoCAP or NOVEOS (odds ratios of allergy, 25.1 or 33.0, respectively) is highly informative regarding the risk of allergy in the selected population. The NOVEOS platform presents the advantage of being less affected by unwanted reactivity owing to carbohydrate determinant-specific IgE while requiring a 10-fold lower test sample volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Vitte
- INSERM UMR-S 1250, University of Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Audrey Martin-Blondel
- Pneumologie and Allergologie, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Michelet
- Pneumologie and Allergologie, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vianney Gruzelle
- Pneumologie and Allergologie, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Didier
- Pneumo-Allergologie, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM INFINITy, U1291, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Guilleminault
- Pneumo-Allergologie, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM INFINITy, U1291, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Mailhol
- Pneumo-Allergologie, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Camille Taurus
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Blancher
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Goret
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pol André Apoil
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; INSERM INFINITy, U1291, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Giusti D, Guemari A, Perotin JM, Fontaine JF, Tonye Libyh M, Gatouillat G, Tabary T, Pham BN, Vitte J. Molecular allergology: a clinical laboratory tool for precision diagnosis, stratification and follow-up of allergic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0305. [PMID: 38815141 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Identification of the molecular culprits of allergic reactions leveraged molecular allergology applications in clinical laboratory medicine. Molecular allergology shifted the focus from complex, heterogeneous allergenic extracts, e.g. pollen, food, or insect venom, towards genetically and immunologically defined proteins available for in vitro diagnosis. Molecular allergology is a precision medicine approach for the diagnosis, stratification, therapeutic management, follow-up and prognostic evaluation of patients within a large range of allergic diseases. Exclusively available for in vitro diagnosis, molecular allergology is nonredundant with any of the current clinical tools for allergy investigation. As an example of a major application, discrimination of genuine sensitization from allergen cross-reactivity at the molecular level allows the proper targeting of the culprit allergen and thus dramatically improves patient management. This review aims at introducing clinical laboratory specialists to molecular allergology, from the biochemical and genetic bases, through immunological concepts, to daily use in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Giusti
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA7509 IRMAIC, Reims, France
| | - Amir Guemari
- Univ Montpellier, Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IDESP), INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, INSERM UMR 1250, Reims, France
| | | | - Marcelle Tonye Libyh
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Gregory Gatouillat
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Thierry Tabary
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Bach-Nga Pham
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA7509 IRMAIC, Reims, France
| | - Joana Vitte
- Immunology Laboratory, Biology and Pathology Department, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, INSERM UMR 1250, Reims, France
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4
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Sharma E, Vitte J. A systematic review of allergen cross-reactivity: Translating basic concepts into clinical relevance. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100230. [PMID: 38524786 PMCID: PMC10959674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Access to the molecular culprits of allergic reactions allows for the leveraging of molecular allergology as a new precision medicine approach-one built on interdisciplinary, basic, and clinical knowledge. Molecular allergology relies on the use of allergen molecules as in vitro tools for the diagnosis and management of allergic patients. It complements the conventional approach based on skin and in vitro allergen extract testing. Major applications of molecular allergology comprise accurate identification of the offending allergen thanks to discrimination between genuine sensitization and allergen cross-reactivity, evaluation of potential severity, patient-tailored choice of the adequate allergen immunotherapy, and prediction of its expected efficacy and safety. Allergen cross-reactivity, defined as the recognition of 2 or more allergen molecules by antibodies or T cells of the same specificity, frequently interferes with allergen extract testing. At the mechanistic level, allergen cross-reactivity depends on the allergen, the host's immune response, and the context of their interaction. The multiplicity of allergen molecules and families adds further difficulty. Understanding allergen cross-reactivity at the immunologic level and translating it into a daily tool for the management of allergic patients is further complicated by the ever-increasing number of characterized allergenic molecules, the lack of dedicated resources, and the need for a personalized, patient-centered approach. Conversely, knowledge sharing paves the way for improved clinical use, innovative diagnostic tools, and further interdisciplinary research. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased state-of-the art systematic review on allergen cross-reactivity. To optimize learning, we enhanced the review with basic, translational, and clinical definitions, clinical vignettes, and an overview of online allergen databases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille University, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IDESP), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250 P3CELL and University Hospital of Reims, Immunology Laboratory, Reims, France
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5
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Davies JM, Pralong C, Tickner J, Timbrell V, Rodger A, Bogaard PVD, Rebeaud F. Nanofluidic point-of-care IgE test for subtropical grass pollen for rapid diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:497-504.e3. [PMID: 38036031 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widening of subtropical climate zones globally and increasing grass-pollen exposure provide the impetus for developing a more precise and accessible diagnosis of allergy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of recombinant allergen components of Panicoideae and Chloridoideae pollens for specific IgE testing in a rapid, point-of-care device. METHODS Recombinant (r) Pas n 1 and Cyn d 1 were expressed, purified, and tested in the nanofluidic device for measuring serum specific IgE (spIgE) in a well-characterized Australian cohort. Concentrations and classes of spIgE to rPas n 1 and rCyn d 1, and total IgE were compared with skin prick test results and spIgE with grass pollen. RESULTS Correlations between commercial and academic laboratories for 21 sera were high for rPas n 1 spIgE (r = 0.695) and total IgE (r = 0.945). Higher spIgE to rPas n 1 and rCyn d 1 fluorescence was detected in the patients with grass-pollen allergy and with clinician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (n = 134) than in participants with other allergies (n = 49) or no allergies (n = 23). Correlation between spIgE concentrations to rPas n 1 (r = 0.679) and rCyn d 1 (r = 0.548), with Bahia and Bermuda grass-pollen spIgE, respectively, was highly significant (p<0.0001). The positive/negative predictive agreements of spIgE classes for rPas n 1 (73%/82.5%) and rCyn d 1 (67.8%/66.3%) between the nanofluidic and ImmunoCAP measurements for Bahia and Bermuda grass pollen, respectively, were substantial. CONCLUSION Point-of-care nanofluidic tests for spIgE to rPas n 1 and rCyn d 1 could increase access to more precise clinical diagnosis for patients with allergies in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Davies
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Immunity and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Jacob Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Immunity and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victoria Timbrell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Immunity and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison Rodger
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Lu YZ, Kwong KYC. A comparison of healthcare utilization and outcomes following skin vs. serum-specific IgE allergy testing. J Med Econ 2024; 27:730-737. [PMID: 38682798 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2349471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cost, healthcare utilization, and outcomes between skin and serum-specific IgE (sIgE) allergy testing. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used IBM® MarketScan claims data, from which commercially insured individuals who initiated allergy testing between January 1 and December 31, 2018 with at least 12 months of enrollment data before and after index testing date were included. Cost of allergy testing per patient was estimated by testing pattern: skin only, sIgE only, or both. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare healthcare utilization and outcomes, including office visits, allergy and asthma-related prescriptions, and emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) visits between skin and sIgE testing at 1-year post testing (α = 0.05). RESULTS The cohort included 168,862 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 30.8 (19.5) years; 100,666 (59.7%) were female. Over half of patients (56.4%, n = 95,179) had skin only testing, followed by 57,291 patients with sIgE only testing and 16,212 patients with both testing. The average cost of allergy testing per person in the first year was $430 (95% CI $426-433) in patients with skin only testing, $187 (95% CI $183-190) in patients with sIgE only testing, and $532 (95% CI $522-542) in patients with both testing. At 1-year follow-up post testing, there were slight increases in allergy and asthma-related prescriptions, and notable decreases in ED visits by 17.0-17.4% and in UC visits by 10.9-12.6% for all groups (all p < 0.01). Patients with sIgE-only testing had 3.2 fewer allergist/immunologist visits than patients with skin-only testing at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Their healthcare utilization and outcomes were otherwise comparable. CONCLUSIONS Allergy testing, regardless of the testing method used, is associated with decreases in ED and UC visits at 1-year follow-up. sIgE allergy testing is associated with lower testing cost and fewer allergist/immunologist visits, compared to skin testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Z Lu
- Department of Health Care Administration, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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7
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Smith BRE, Reid Black K, Bermingham M, Agah S, Glesner J, Versteeg SA, van Ree R, Pena-Amelunxen G, Aglas L, Smith SA, Pomés A, Chapman MD. Unique allergen-specific human IgE monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with allergic disease. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1270326. [PMID: 37901762 PMCID: PMC10602672 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1270326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergic reactions are mediated by human IgE antibodies that bind to and cross-link allergen molecules. The sites on allergens that are recognized by IgE antibodies have been difficult to investigate because of the paucity of IgE antibodies in a human serum. Here, we report the production of unique human IgE monoclonal antibodies to major inhaled allergens and food allergens that can be produced at scale in perpetuity. Materials and methods The IgE antibodies were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of symptomatic allergic patients, mostly children aged 3-18 years, using hybridoma fusion technology. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE was measured by ImmunoCAP. Their specificity was confirmed through ELISA and immunoblotting. Allergenic potency measurements were determined by ImmunoCAP inhibition. Biological activity was determined in vitro by comparing β-hexosaminidase release from a humanized rat basophilic cell line. Results Human IgE monoclonal antibodies (n = 33) were derived from 17 allergic patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, or red meat allergy. The antibodies were specific for five inhaled allergens, nine food allergens, and alpha-gal and had high levels of IgE (53,450-1,702,500 kU/L) with ratios of specific IgE to total IgE ranging from <0.01 to 1.39. Sigmoidal allergen binding curves were obtained through ELISA, with low limits of detection (<1 kU/L). Allergen specificity was confirmed through immunoblotting. Pairs of IgE monoclonal antibodies to Ara h 6 were identified that cross-linked after allergen stimulation and induced release of significant levels of β-hexosaminidase (35%-80%) from a humanized rat basophilic cell line. Conclusions Human IgE monoclonal antibodies are unique antibody molecules with potential applications in allergy diagnosis, allergen standardization, and identification of allergenic epitopes for the development of allergy therapeutics. The IgE antibody probes will enable the unequivocal localization and validation of allergenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sayeh Agah
- InBio, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Serge A. Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Pomés
- InBio, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Wang J, Golden DBK, Khan DA. The Value of Current Laboratory Tests in Diagnosing Food, Venom, and Drug Allergies. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2973-2981. [PMID: 37343922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergies is necessary to inform risk management for severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis for food, venom, and drug allergies. The most widely available laboratory test for allergy is serum-specific IgE testing, which is routinely used for food allergy and insect sting allergy. Testing for specific IgE is limited by high sensitivity and low specificity, resulting in concern regarding overdiagnosis. Testing of allergen components has led to improved diagnosis for some food and venom allergens. Additional options for laboratory tests, such as epitope analysis, basophil activation, and mast cell activation, are being investigated for their potential to optimize diagnosis and provide predictors for reaction severity and treatment response. In contrast, laboratory testing for drug allergy is more limited because to date, there are no well-validated commercial assays in the United States. Furthermore, it is important to diagnose delayed reactions to medications, because these also significantly affect decision-making regarding therapeutic options for infectious disorders. Reliable tests for both immediate and delayed drug hypersensitivity are much needed, because drug allergy labels can significantly limit treatment options for patients. Research in this area is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - David B K Golden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - David A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Czolk R, Ruiz‐Castell M, Hunewald O, Wanniang N, Le Coroller G, Hilger C, Vaillant M, Fagherazzi G, Morel‐Codreanu F, Ollert M, Kuehn A. Novel, computational IgE-clustering in a population-based cross-sectional study: Mapping the allergy burden. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12292. [PMID: 37746799 PMCID: PMC10478827 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though the prevalence of allergies is increasing, population-based data are still scarce. As a read-out for chronic inflammatory information, new methods are needed to integrate individual biological measurements and lifestyle parameters to mitigate the consequences and costs of allergic burden for society. METHODS More than 480.000 data points were collected from 1462 Luxembourg adults during the representative, cross-sectional European Health Examination Survey, spanning health and lifestyle reports. Deep IgE-profiles based on unsupervised clustering were correlated with data of the health survey. FINDINGS 42.6% of the participants reported a physician-diagnosed allergy and 44% were found to be IgE-positive to at least one allergen or extract. The main sensitization sources were tree pollens followed by grass pollens and mites (52.4%, 51.8% and 40.3% of sensitized participants respectively), suggesting seasonal as well as perennial burden. The youngest group of participants (25-34 years old) showed the highest burden of sensitization, with 18.2% of them having IgE to 10 or more allergen groups. Unsupervised clustering revealed that the biggest cluster of 24.4% of participants was also the one with the highest medical need, marked by their multi-sensitization to respiratory sources. INTERPRETATION Our novel approach to analyzing large biosample datasets together with health information allows the measurement of the chronic inflammatory disease burden in the general population and led to the identification of the most vulnerable groups in need of better medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Maria Ruiz‐Castell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research UnitDepartment of Precision HealthLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Oliver Hunewald
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Naphisabet Wanniang
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
- Competence Center for Methodology and StatisticsTranslational Medicine Operations HubLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Competence Center for Methodology and StatisticsTranslational Medicine Operations HubLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research UnitDepartment of Precision HealthLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Françoise Morel‐Codreanu
- Department of Allergology and ImmunologyCentre Hospitalier de Luxembourg‐Kanner KlinikLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy CenterOdense Research Center for AnaphylaxisOdense University HospitalUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of HealthEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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10
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Kwong KY, Lu YZ. Cost of Serum Versus Skin Allergy Testing Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 10:14-21. [PMID: 37525743 PMCID: PMC10387329 DOI: 10.36469/001c.77482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Testing for allergic sensitization can be achieved similarly via skin or serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing, although the costs of each method differ. Objective: This study compared cost and utilization of allergy testing utilizing skin vs sIgE testing and whether equal access (parity) to both testing methods affects overall allergy testing costs among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in the United States. Methods: Allergy test utilization and payment data were analyzed using 100% 2019 Medicare fee-for-service claims data. Beneficiaries with any sIgE test, skin prick test, or intradermal skin test associated with ICD-10 codes of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy were included. Aggregate and per-beneficiary testing cost, number of allergens tested, and number of allergy-related specialist visits incurred were estimated by the testing patterns of sIgE only, skin prick only, intradermal only, skin prick and intradermal, and sIgE plus prick and/or intradermal. Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) with parity for all allergy tests and those which restricted sIgE testing were compared. Multivariate linear regression was performed on the association between testing patterns and each cost and utilization measure, controlling for parity, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and dual-eligible status. Results: We analyzed 270 831 patients and 327 263 allergy-related claims. Total payment for all allergy tests was $71 380 866, including $15 903 954 for sIgE tests, $42 223 930 for skin prick tests, and $13 252 982 for intradermal tests. Beneficiaries receiving sIgE tests had only 1.8 fewer allergist visits than those with skin prick tests only (0.8 vs 2.6). Cost of testing per beneficiary was also lower in sIgE testing only compared with skin prick tests only ($161 vs $247). Multivariable regression results showed per-beneficiary payments for allergy testing were on average $22 lower in MACs with parity compared with MACs without parity. Discussion: Serum specific IgE testing is associated with lower costs and fewer allergy specialist visits compared with skin testing. Insurance coverage with parity toward sIgE and skin testing is associated with lower overall costs of allergy testing. Conclusion: Among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in the United States, sIgE testing may be more cost effective compared with skin testing in the management of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Y Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles County, University of California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yang Z Lu
- Department of Health Care Administration California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
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11
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Diem L, Neuherz B, Rohrhofer J, Koidl L, Asero R, Brockow K, Diaz Perales A, Faber M, Gebhardt J, Torres MJ, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Zehetmayer S, Untersmayr E. Real-life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:3028-3040. [PMID: 35485989 PMCID: PMC9790655 DOI: 10.1111/all.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of food allergies is challenging, as combining information from specific IgE (sIgE)-sensitization pattern and skin prick tests (SPTs) with clinical history is necessary for a personalized management of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to compare two molecular tests, the ImmunoCAP ISAC (ISAC) and the Allergy Explorer, version 2 (ALEX2 ) in the context of pollen food syndrome (PFS) diagnosis in a real-life scenario, to assess the benefit of multiplex testing in PFS patients. METHODS Diagnosis of food allergy was performed in 53 patients. Allergen-sIgE concentrations were measured with ISAC and ALEX2 . Results for sIgE were statistically compared with each other, with SPT results and with clinical presentation of the patients. RESULTS Using ISAC as reference test for sIgE measurements, the average sensitivity of ALEX2 for PR-10 allergens was 83.2% and the average specificity 88.0%. If only low sIgE concentrations were included, the sensitivity was 60.8% and the specificity 91.1%. Apple and hazelnut sensitizations were confirmed in most patients by concordance of sIgE and SPT results. Significant correlations were shown between clinical symptoms and Mal d 1- and Gly m 4-sIgE levels measured by both tests and for Cor a 1-sIgE levels measured by ALEX2 . In eight patients, profilin related symptoms were supported by Hev b 8-sensitization. CONCLUSION Multiplex testing is beneficial to understand patient-specific individual sensitization profiles and to providing personalized management recommendations. In the future, custom-designed test kits might enable reducing costs of multiplex testing for specific patient groups without compromising the diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Diem
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bellinda Neuherz
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Rohrhofer
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Larissa Koidl
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San CarloPaderno Dugnano (MI)Italy
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Araceli Diaz Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) ‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain,Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología VegetalEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Julia Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaUniversidad de Málaga‐IBIMA‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of Vienna, and University of ViennaViennaAustria,AllergyCareAllergy Diagnosis and Study CenterViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Center for Medical StatisticsInformatics and Intelligent Systems (Institute of Medical Statistics)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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12
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Yasudo H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Saito-Abe M, Sato M, Miyaji Y, Shimada M, Hirai S, Toyokuni K, Ishikawa F, Inuzuka Y, Kabashima S, Fukuie T, Ohya Y. Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome in Allergic March. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132658. [PMID: 35807837 PMCID: PMC9268136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and allergic march remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study of the general population in Tokyo (T-Child Study), we found that sensitization to Cry j 1 and Fel d 1 at ages 5 and 9 years was associated with an increased risk of PFAS at 13 years old (at 5 years, Cry j 1: adjusted odds ratio aOR, 2.74; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.53–4.91; Fel d 1: aOR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.31–5.19; at 9 years, Cry j 1: adjusted odds ratio aOR, 4.28; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.98–9.25; Fel d 1: aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.33–4.32). In particular, sensitization to Bet v 1 at ages 5 and 9 years was associated with a strong risk of PFAS at the age of 13 years (at 5 years: aOR, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.64–42.5; at 9 years: aOR, 9.1; 95% CI, 4.71–17.6). PFAS risk by age 13 years was increased by any allergic symptom at 5 or 9 years, a combination of wheezing, eczema, and rhinitis, and Bet v 1 sensitization. Our findings suggest that PFAS may be associated with allergic march.
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13
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Glicksman C, McGuire P, Kadin M, Lawrence M, Haws M, Newby J, Ferenz S, Sung J, Wixtrom R. Impact of Capsulectomy Type on Post-Explantation Systemic Symptom Improvement: Findings From the ASERF Systemic Symptoms in Women-Biospecimen Analysis Study: Part 1. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:809-819. [PMID: 34915566 PMCID: PMC9208825 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast Implant Illness (BII) is a term used to describe a variety of symptoms by patients with breast implants for which there are no abnormal physical or laboratory findings to explain their symptoms. There currently exists a difference of opinion among clinicians and patients concerning the diagnosis and treatment of patients self-reporting BII. Objectives The first aim of this study was to determine if there is a valid indication for “en bloc” capsulectomy in patients self-reporting BII and if the type of capsulectomy performed alters long-term symptom improvement. The second goal was to identify any clinical laboratory differences between the cohorts. This study was funded by the Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF). Methods A prospective blinded study enrolled 150 consecutive subjects divided equally into 3 cohorts: (A) women with systemic symptoms they attribute to their implants who requested implant removal; (B) women with breast implants requesting removal or exchange who do not have symptoms they attribute to their implants; and (C) women undergoing cosmetic mastopexy who have never had any implanted medical device. The subject’s baseline demographic data and a systemic symptoms survey, including PROMIS validated questionnaires, was obtained before surgery and at 3-6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Blood was collected from all 3 cohorts and implant capsules were collected from Cohorts A and B. Results 150 patients were enrolled between 2019-2021. Follow-up at 3-6 weeks for all 3 cohorts was between 98%-100%, 78%-98% at 6-months, and 1 year data is currently at 80%. The type of capsulectomy; intact total, total, or partial all showed similar symptom improvement with no statistical difference in the reduction of symptoms based on the type of capsulectomy. Conclusions This study addresses one of the most discussed questions by plastic surgeons, patients, their advocates, and social media. The findings show that patients who self-report BII demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in their symptoms after explantation and that this improvement persists for at least 6 months. This improvement in self-reported systemic symptoms was seen regardless of the type of capsulectomy performed. Level of Evidence: 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marshall Kadin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, RI , USA
| | | | - Melinda Haws
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Jill Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Sarah Ferenz
- Chicago Medical School , North Chicago, IL , USA
| | - James Sung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, RI , USA
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14
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zho F, Wang S, Zheng S, Shen Y, Tong X, Du J, Li Y. Defects and countermeasures in laboratory diagnosis of rare IgE multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:37-44. [PMID: 35594922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM that is easily misdiagnosed. We report a rare case of IgE-MM and investigate the application of the SLiM-CRAB criteria to screen for high-risk smoldering MM (SMM) patients, so as to summarize the causes and methods used to prevent missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in IgE-MM. METHODS The serum monoclonal protein (M-protein) classification and IgE quantification was performed and sent to several individual institutions. The results were collected and the causes of IgE detection defects were analyzed. RESULTS Upon admission to our hospital, the patient's serum free kappa light chain was 1,069.9 mg/L, free lambda light chain was 9.2 mg/L, and free kappa/lambda ratio was 115.9, which met the SLiM criteria, but without CRAB features. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IF) showed "M-like protein aggregation bands" in all lanes. After pretreatment with 1% β-mercaptoethanol to depolymerize the aggregation of monoclonal protein, the "M-like protein aggregation bands disappeared. The other five institutions did not provide the correct typing results. The quantification of serum IgE was as high as 2.06×107 IU/mL, whereas 7 other testing institutions reported IgE levels ranging from 1.0 to 1100 IU/mL. CONCLUSION High-risk biomarkers in SLiM criteria can achieve good therapeutic effects in rare IgE-MM patients. Serum immunofixation performed without antisera against IgE, insufficient identification of the lytic bands produced by high macromolecule aggregation in IF, and the absence of a prozone effect avoidance procedure during IgE quantitative detection are the primary causes of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in patients with IgE-MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - FeiFei Zho
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Sujie Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuhuan Shen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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15
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Li H, Wang L, Li X, Chen W, Zhang Y, Chen J. Serum IgE Levels Are Associated With the Prognosis of Minimal Change Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840857. [PMID: 35371097 PMCID: PMC8968917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports showed that some patients with minimal change disease (MCD) had high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. This study aimed to explore the proportion of MCD patients with high serum IgE levels and evaluate the correlation between serum IgE levels and MCD remission and relapse. Methods This study enrolled 222 new-onset patients with renal biopsy-confirmed MCD from October 2012 to October 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China. Patients’ demographics and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results The results indicated that 70.3% of 222 MCD patients had high serum IgE levels (IgE > 100.0 IU/mL). Moreover, 134 patients were treated with glucocorticoids alone and divided into the low- and high-IgE groups, according to the median serum IgE level (523.5 IU/mL). The mean time to complete remission of the low- and high-IgE groups was 29.0 ± 2.2 and 45.7 ± 4.2 days, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.002). The mean time to total remission was 19.1 ± 1.4 and 31.6 ± 3.2 days of the low- and high-IgE groups, respectively (log-rank test; P < 0.001). The mean time to first relapse in the low- and high-IgE groups was 701.2 ± 65.0 and 425.0 ± 52.6 days, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.002). Serum IgE ≥ 523.5 IU/mL was an independent correlation factor affecting the patients’ remission and relapse. Conclusion Serum IgE level was an independent correlation factor for MCD remission and relapse. MCD patients with high serum IgE levels were prone to delayed remissions and early relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Hazebrouck S, Canon N, Dreskin SC. The Effector Function of Allergens. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:818732. [PMID: 35386644 PMCID: PMC8974742 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.818732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergens are antigens that generate an IgE response (sensitization) in susceptible individuals. The allergenicity of an allergen can be thought of in terms of its ability to sensitize as well as its ability to cross-link IgE/IgE receptor complexes on mast cells and basophils leading to release of preformed and newly formed mediators (effector activity). The identity of the allergens responsible for sensitization may be different from those that elicit an allergic response. Effector activity is determined by (1) the amount of specific IgE (sIgE) and in some circumstances the ratio of sIgE to total IgE, (2) the number of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεR1) on the cell surface, (3) the affinity of binding of sIgE for its epitope and, in a polyclonal response, the collective avidity, (4) the number and spatial relationships of IgE binding epitopes on the allergen and (5) the presence of IgG that can bind to allergen and either block binding of sIgE and/or activate low affinity IgG receptors that activate intracellular inhibitory pathways. This review will discuss these important immunologic and physical properties that contribute to the effector activity of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hazebrouck
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Canon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen C. Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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18
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Doyen V, Truyens C, Nhu Thi H, Mong HTT, Le Chi T, De Blay F, Huynh PTN, Michel O, Corazza F. Helminth infection induces non-functional sensitization to house dust mites. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253887. [PMID: 34197505 PMCID: PMC8248592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE characterizes the humoral response of allergic sensitization but less is known about what modulates its function and why some patients present clinical symptoms for a given IgE level and others do not. An IgE response also occurs during helminth diseases, independently of allergic symptoms. This response could be a model of non-functional IgE. OBJECTIVE To study the IgE response against environmental allergens induced during natural helminth infection. METHODS In 28 non allergic subjects from the periphery of Ho Chi Minh city with (H+, n = 18) and without helminth infection (H-, n = 10), we measured IgE and IgG4 against several components of Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus (Dpt) and Ascaris (a marker of immunization against nematodes), and determined the IgE component sensitization profile using microarray ISAC biochips. The functional ability of IgE to induce degranulation of cultured mast cells was evaluated in the presence of Dpt. RESULTS Non allergic H+ subjects exhibited higher levels of IgE against Dpt compared to H- subjects. Dpt IgE were not functional in vitro and did not recognize usual Dpt major allergens. IgE recognized other component allergens that belong to different protein families, and most were glycosylated. Depletion of IgE recognizing carbohydrate cross-reactive determinant (CCD) did not induce a reduction in Dpt IgE. The Dpt IgG4 were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Helminth infections induced IgE against allergens such as Dpt and molecular components that belong to different sources as well as against CCD (such as β-1,2-xylose and/or ⍺-1,3-fucose substituted N-glycans). Dpt IgE were not able to induce degranulation of mast cells and were not explained by sensitization to usual major allergens or N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Doyen
- Clinic of Immunoallergology, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Carine Truyens
- Parasitology Laboratory, ULB Center for Research in immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hoa Nhu Thi
- Parasitology and Mycology Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Tran Thi Mong
- Department of Family Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Le Chi
- Immunology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Frederic De Blay
- Chest Diseases Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Biocluster des Haras, ALYATEC, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immunoallergology, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Immunology Laboratory, LHUB-ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Juárez MJ, Ibáñez-Echevarria E, de Rojas DHF, Maquieira Á, Morais S. Multiplexed analytical approaches to beta-lactam allergy in vitro testing standardization. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1173:338656. [PMID: 34172156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The suspicion of beta-lactam allergy directly contributes to the prescription of antibiotics that diverge from the guidelines, increasing antimicrobial resistance, one of the biggest threats to global health. In vitro quantification of specific IgE is very useful for monitoring allergy, as it confirms or rules out immediate beta-lactam drug allergy and helps find safe alternative antibiotic stewardship. However, reliable in vitro quantification of specific IgE to beta-lactam antibiotics by immunoassay is challenging because of the difficulty of having selective immunoreagents, mainly beta-lactam antigens, and its low concentration levels in serum. Thus, reliable and sensitive in vitro tests for multiplex detection of allergy to different beta-lactam antibiotics is currently essential for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the lack of standardization of quantitative in vitro methods makes the comparison and interpretation of the results difficult. Here, as proof of concept, we report an improved multiplex microimmunoassay for beta-lactam allergy in vitro testing standardization. The results revealed that homologous calibration allows reliable quantification of specific IgE in human serum at very low concentrations (144 ng L-1). Moreover, the reproducibility of the results increases 2-fold using an internal standard, achieving accurate quantitative information: 93% and 106% recovery for penicillin and amoxicillin, respectively. We simultaneously evaluated the reliability of the improved multiplexed in vitro method in a cohort of 40 human serum samples and achieved excellent agreement (0.99) with a currently used in vitro test.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Juárez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ethel Ibáñez-Echevarria
- Hospital Universitari I Politènic La Fe, Servicio de Alergia, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, València, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, IIS La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, IIS La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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Reply to "Developing practice parameters that improve health of patients and populations". THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:1047-1048. [PMID: 33551036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goodman RE, Chapman MD, Slater JE. The Allergen: Sources, Extracts, and Molecules for Diagnosis of Allergic Disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:2506-2514. [PMID: 32888526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergenic source materials include pollen, molds, animal dander, and insects; food allergens from nuts, grains, and animals; venoms; and salivary proteins from insects and ticks. Clinical diagnostic tests have used heterogeneous extracts from allergen source materials for skin prick tests (SPTs). In vitro laboratory methods using immunoassays or microarrays can detect serum IgE directed against allergenic proteins where clinical testing may not be suitable. Clinicians rely primarily on licensed commercial extracts of allergens for SPTs. Manufacturers and regulatory agencies have standardized selected extracts for identity, composition, and potency. Allergen sources contain multiple proteins. The IgE antibody responses to these proteins vary between allergic subjects as does the quantity of specific IgE. Component-resolved molecular diagnostics can be used to improve the specificity of allergy testing and resolve clinical cross-reactivities that may affect treatment outcomes. This clinical commentary will review methods for the production, evaluation, and standardization of allergen extracts from the perspective of diagnostic testing that may be useful for allergists in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.
| | | | - Jay E Slater
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Md
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Kiguchi T, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Saito-Abe M, Sato M, Irahara M, Ogita H, Miyagi Y, Inuzuka Y, Toyokuni K, Nishimura K, Ishikawa F, Miyaji Y, Kabashima S, Fukuie T, Narita M, Ohya Y. Pollen-food allergy syndrome and component sensitization in adolescents: A Japanese population-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249649. [PMID: 33852622 PMCID: PMC8046202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhino-conjunctivitis with pollen allergy has been prevalent worldwide and Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) refers to individuals with pollen allergy who develop oral allergy syndrome (OAS) on consuming fruits and vegetables. The prevalence of PFAS varies by region and that in Japanese adolescents remains to be elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the epidemiological characteristics of PFAS in a general population of Japanese adolescents according to pollen allergy, OAS, and IgE component sensitization. Participants comprised adolescents, at age 13 years, from a prospective birth cohort study in Japan. We administered questionnaires to collect information from parents regarding pollen allergy, PFAS and OAS at each child’s age 13 years. ImmunoCAP ISAC was used to assess IgE component sensitization. Among 506 participants with a complete questionnaire and ISAC measurement results, 56.5% had a history of hay fever, 16.0% had a history of OAS, 51.0% had pollen allergy, and 11.7% had a history of PFAS; additionally, 72.7% were sensitized to one or more tree, grass, and/or weed allergens. The most common sensitization (95.7%) among adolescents with pollen allergy was to Japanese cedar (Cry j 1). The most common causal foods were kiwi and pineapple (both 39.0%). Knowledge levels about PFAS were poor among affected adolescents. We found a high prevalence of PFAS among adolescents in Japan. Although it affects approximately 1/10 adolescents in the general population, public awareness regarding PFAS is poor. Interventional strategies are needed to increase knowledge and to prevent PFAS in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kiguchi
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mayako Saito-Abe
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Sato
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Irahara
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ogita
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsune Miyagi
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inuzuka
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyokuni
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nishimura
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Ishikawa
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyaji
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kabashima
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukuie
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Narita
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes improvement in diagnostic accuracy, prediction of outcomes, identifying high-risk factors, and refinements of treatment that continue to evolve over the past 5-10 years. RECENT FINDINGS The risk of anaphylaxis is relatively low (< 5%) in patients with previous large local reactions or strictly cutaneous systemic reactions, but much higher in those with moderate-to-severe anaphylaxis (40%-70%) or mastocytosis (> 90%). Use of recombinant venom allergens and basophil activation tests may improve diagnostic accuracy. Elevated serum tryptase (and possible mastocytosis) occurs in 10% of patients with insect sting allergy, and in 25% of those with hypotensive reactions. Rush VIT is proven safe and rapidly effective. There are known high-risk factors that justify treatment beyond 5 years. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction of risk have improved in recent years. There are still knowledge gaps related to prediction and management of risk with current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Michelet M, Balbino B, Guilleminault L, Reber LL. IgE in the pathophysiology and therapy of food allergy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:531-543. [PMID: 33527384 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is becoming a major public health issue, with no regulatory approved therapy to date. Food allergy symptoms range from skin rash and gastrointestinal symptoms to anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal systemic allergic shock reaction. IgE antibodies are thought to contribute importantly to key features of food allergy and anaphylaxis, and measurement of allergen-specific IgE is fundamental in diagnosing food allergy. This review will discuss recent advances in the regulation of IgE production and IgE repertoires in food allergy. We will describe the current understanding of the role of IgE and its high-affinity receptor FcεRI in food allergy and anaphylaxis, by reviewing insights gained from analyses of mouse models. Finally, we will review data derived from clinical studies of the effect of anti-IgE therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in food allergy, and recent insight on the efficiency and mechanisms through which these mAbs block IgE effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Michelet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Pediatric Pneumo-allergology Department, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bianca Balbino
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guilleminault
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergic Diseases, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, Paris, France
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Developing practice parameters that improve health of patients and populations. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:1046-1047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Keshavarz B, Platts-Mills TAE, Wilson JM. The use of microarray and other multiplex technologies in the diagnosis of allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 127:10-18. [PMID: 33450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To give an overview and describe the strengths and weaknesses of immunoglobulin E (IgE) microarray and other multiplex assays that have been developed and are being used for allergy diagnostics. DATA SOURCES Queries for IgE microarray and multiplex assays were conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar, searching for primary articles and review papers. STUDY SELECTIONS We focused on articles written in English on commercially available IgE multiplex assays that were reported in the allergy and immunology literature. RESULTS Several commercial IgE assays that use microarray or other multiplex technology have been developed, and some have been implemented into clinical practice in Europe and Asia, with the Immuno Solid-Phase Allergen Chip being the most widely studied. Results of these assays generally correlate with results using "singleplex" IgE assays (eg, ImmunoCAP), though there can be variability among products and among allergens. A strength of the microarray technology is that IgE to a large number of allergens can be detected simultaneously in a single test, and only a small amount of patient serum is required. Cost, inadequate sensitivity under some scenarios, and difficulties with data interpretation, in some cases of 100 or more allergens, can be limitations. CONCLUSION IgE microarray assays are already a valuable tool in research applications. These assays, and also other forms of IgE multiplex assays, are likely to play an important role in the clinical practice of allergy in the future. Additional studies focused on clinical outcomes, and the development of more targeted allergen panels could facilitate increased clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Keshavarz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey M Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Schoos AMM, Nwaru BI, Borres MP. Component-resolved diagnostics in pet allergy: Current perspectives and future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1164-1173. [PMID: 33444632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Furry mammals kept as pets are important allergen sources. The prevalence of sensitization to dander from various animals appears to be increasing worldwide. Several mammalian allergens from diverse species and distinct protein families have been characterized, and some are available for component-resolved diagnostics (CRD). This review presents an overview of mammalian aeroallergens, with a focus on cat, dog, and horse allergens. The potential of CRD in fine-tuning the diagnostic workup following traditional methods based on whole- allergen extracts and allergen immunotherapy is discussed. The review highlights the clinical utility of CRD, particularly as a marker/predictor of increased asthma risk and disease severity. Finally, several perspectives of the future implications of CRD are offered in the context of furry animal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie M Schoos
- COpenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sotnikov DV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Lateral Flow Serodiagnosis in the Double-Antigen Sandwich Format: Theoretical Consideration and Confirmation of Advantages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E39. [PMID: 33374800 PMCID: PMC7795365 DOI: 10.3390/s21010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the presence in the blood of antibodies specific to the causative agent of a particular disease (serodiagnosis) is an effective approach in medical analytical chemistry. Serodiagnostics performed in the lateral flow immunoassay format (immunochromatography) meet the modern requirements for point-of-care testing and are supported by existing technologies of large-scale diagnostic tests production, thus increasing the amount of attention in a tense epidemiological situation. For traditional lateral flow serodiagnostics formats, a large number of nonspecific immunoglobulins in the sample significantly reduces the degree of detectable binding. To overcome these limitations, an assay based on the formation of immobilized antigen-specific antibody-labeled antigen complexes detection was proposed. However, the requirements for its implementation, providing maximum sensitivity, have not been established. This article describes the mathematical model for the above assay. The influence of the ratio of reagent concentrations on the analysis results is considered. It is noted that the formation of specific antibody complexes with several labeled antigens is the main limiting factor in reducing the detection limit, and methods are proposed to minimize this factor. Recommendations for the choice of the assay conditions, following from the analysis of the model, are confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V. Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
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