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Pintać Šarac D, Tremmel M, Vujetić J, Torović L, Orčić D, Popović L, Mimica-Dukić N, Lesjak M. How do in vitro digestion and cell metabolism affect the biological activity and phenolic profile of grape juice and wine. Food Chem 2024; 449:139228. [PMID: 38604033 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cabernet Sauvignon grape juice and wine underwent in vitro digestion, resulting in a reduction of most phenolic compounds (10%-100% decline), notably impacting anthocyanins (82%-100% decline) due to pH variations. However, specific phenolics, including p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-coumaric, gallic and syringic acids, and coumarin esculetin, increased in concentration (10%-120%). Grape juice and wine samples showed comparable polyphenolic profile during all phases of digestion. Antioxidant activity persisted, and inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme was improved after the digestion process, likely because of increased concentrations of listed phenolic acids and esculetin. Digested grape juice displayed comparable or superior bioactivity to red wine, indicating it as a promising source of accessible grape polyphenols for a broader audience. Nevertheless, Caco-2 cell model metabolization experiments revealed that only 3 of 42 analyzed compounds passed to the basolateral compartment, emphasizing the significant impact of digestion on polyphenol bioactivity, suggesting potential yet unmeasurable and overlooked implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Tremmel
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Vujetić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad (FINS), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljilja Torović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Orčić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Marija Lesjak
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Iqbal I, Wilairatana P, Saqib F, Nasir B, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal A, Naz R, Mubarak MS. Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6403. [PMID: 37687232 PMCID: PMC10490098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These dietary phytochemicals exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against numerous diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in vegetables, fruits, and grains. These compounds exhibit several health benefits such as immune modulators, vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review focuses on recent studies on using dietary polyphenols to treat cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelium deficits. We focus on exploring the safety of highly effective polyphenols to ensure their maximum impact on cardiac abnormalities and discuss recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials related to these properties. Kaempferol, quercetin, and resveratrol prevent oxidative stress by regulating proteins that induce oxidation in heart tissues. In addition, polyphenols modulate the tone of the endothelium of vessels by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation to prevent atherosclerosis. In cardiomyocytes, polyphenols suppress the expression of inflammatory markers and inhibit the production of inflammation markers to exert an anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, heart diseases such as strokes, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease could be prevented by dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Bushra Nasir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Ahmar Iqbal
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, China;
| | - Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
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González-López-Arza MV, Triviño-Palomo JV, Montanero-Fernández J, Garrido-Ardila EM, González-Sánchez B, Jiménez-Palomares M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J. Benefits of the Light Consumption of Red Wine in Pain, Tender Points, and Anxiety in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3469. [PMID: 37571406 PMCID: PMC10421395 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain, as well as anxiety, sadness, and depression. These symptoms are present in most patients and have a negative impact on their daily, family, and social life. The role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of FM has been extensively discussed. The scientific evidence shows that levels of serotonin are decreased in patients with FM. Numerous studies support the beneficial effects that moderate wine consumption has on the body, with cardiovascular, endocrine, bone, and muscle improvements. OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to assess whether light consumption of red wine improves the main symptoms of FM. METHODS The study consisted of an experimental study with a control group with a total of 60 women diagnosed with FM following the American College of Rheumatology's criteria. The experimental group ingested 15 g of alcohol per day, in the form of red wine, over a period of four weeks. The outcome measures were: the level of pain in tender points, sadness, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The assessments tools were: tender point graphics, the visual analogue scale (for the assessment of pain and sadness), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. The measurements were completed before and after the consumption of red wine. In addition, the differences between groups were evaluated in terms of drug consumption in the pre-intervention and follow-up phases. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were obtained in the wine ingestion group for the variables of pain (p = 0.038), tender points (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p = 0.028). An improvement in the mean values was observed in favor of the experimental group for the variables of sadness, depression, and quality of life. The differences observed in the changes seen in the groups that were in favor of the wine ingestion group should not be attributed to the consumption of drugs but to the fact that the experimental group had a light intake of red wine. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest a potential relationship between alcohol intake through the light consumption of red wine as part of the patients' diet and the improvement of the main symptoms of fibromyalgia. Future studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary data; a bigger sample and a controlled diet should be considered, and the mechanisms through which improvements are achieved should be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria González-López-Arza
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - José Vicente Triviño-Palomo
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Jesús Montanero-Fernández
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Elisa María Garrido-Ardila
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Blanca González-Sánchez
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - María Jiménez-Palomares
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla
- ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.V.G.-L.-A.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.G.-S.); (M.J.-P.); (J.R.-M.)
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Toniolo L, Concato M, Giacomello E. Resveratrol, a Multitasking Molecule That Improves Skeletal Muscle Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:3413. [PMID: 37571349 PMCID: PMC10421121 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol utilized in Chinese traditional medicine and thought to be one of the determinants of the "French Paradox". More recently, some groups evidenced its properties as a calorie-restriction mimetic, suggesting that its action passes through the modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Accordingly, the number of studies reporting the beneficial effects of resveratrol on skeletal muscle form and function, in both experimental models and humans, is steadily increasing. Although studies on animal models confer to resveratrol a good potential to ameliorate skeletal muscle structure, function and performance, clinical trials still do not provide clear-cut information. Here, we first summarize the effects of resveratrol on the distinct components of the skeletal muscle, such as myofibers, the neuromuscular junction, tendons, connective sheaths and the capillary bed. Second, we review clinical trials focused on the analysis of skeletal muscle parameters. We suggest that the heterogeneity in the response to resveratrol in humans could depend on sample characteristics, treatment modalities and parameters analyzed; as well, this heterogeneity could possibly reside in the complexity of skeletal muscle physiology. A systematic programming of treatment protocols and analyses could be helpful to obtain consistent results in clinical trials involving resveratrol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Concato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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5
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Rodella U, Honisch C, Gatto C, Ruzza P, D'Amato Tóthová J. Antioxidant Nutraceutical Strategies in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress Related Eye Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102283. [PMID: 37242167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the delicate balance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species and the role of antioxidant nutraceutical molecules in managing radicals in the complex anatomical structure of the eye. Many molecules and enzymes with reducing and antioxidant potential are present in different parts of the eye. Some of these, such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and enzymatic antioxidants, are endogenously produced by the body. Others, such as plant-derived polyphenols and carotenoids, vitamins B2, C, and E, zinc and selenium, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, must be obtained through the diet and are considered essential nutrients. When the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and their scavenging is disrupted, radical generation overwhelms the endogenous antioxidant arsenal, leading to oxidative stress-related eye disorders and aging. Therefore, the roles of antioxidants contained in dietary supplements in preventing oxidative stress-based ocular dysfunctions are also discussed. However, the results of studies investigating the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation have been mixed or inconclusive, indicating a need for future research to highlight the potential of antioxidant molecules and to develop new preventive nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rodella
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus (FBOV), 30174 Zelarino, Italy
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Red and White Wines Produced from Autochthonous Croatian Varieties: Effect of Moderate Consumption on Human Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121804. [PMID: 35742003 PMCID: PMC9222986 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption is often associated with healthy lifestyle habits. The role of wine as a healthy drink is mainly due to its bioactive compounds, which differ according to various viticultural and enological factors. The aim of the present study was to observe the differences in bioactive compounds of white and red autochthonous Croatian wines, differing in terms of the grape variety and production technology. Our further aim was to explore the effect of their moderate consumption (200 mL per day) over the course of six weeks on some aspects of health in sixty-six healthy individuals. Participants were divided into eight groups depending on the wines consumed, while one group formed a non-consuming control group. Medical examination and laboratory tests were performed before the start and at the end of the consumption period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL concentrations decreased. Additionally, an increase in HDL concentrations, and serotonin and dopamine levels, was observed. ALT, ALP, and GGT levels did not significantly increase in consumer groups, although alcohol concentration was relatively high in all the wines. Such results support the beneficial effects of wine-derived bioactive compounds on some health aspects resulting from moderate white and red wine consumption.
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Chemical Composition and Polyphenolic Compounds of Red Wines: Their Antioxidant Activities and Effects on Human Health—A Review. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red wine, an alcoholic beverage is composed of a spectrum of complex compounds such as water, alcohol, glycerol, organic acid, carbohydrates, polyphenols, and minerals as well as volatile compounds. Major factors that affect the levels of phenolic compounds in red wines are the variety of grapes and the storage of the wines. Among the constituents of red wine, phenolic compounds play a crucial role in attributes including color and mouthfeel and confer beneficial properties on health. Most importantly, phenolic compounds such as flavanols, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, tannins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and resveratrol can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, inflammation, and some other chronic diseases.
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8
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Choleva M, Boulougouri V, Panara A, Panagopoulou E, Chiou A, Thomaidis NS, Antonopoulou S, Fragopoulou E. Evaluation of anti-platelet activity of grape pomace extracts. Food Funct 2020; 10:8069-8080. [PMID: 31761914 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelets aggregation plays a crucial role in atherothrombosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anti-platelet activity of winery by-products extracts, to find the most potent one and to be further analyzed in order to be used for food fortification. For this purpose, grape pomace from four red varieties was extracted with four solvents of different polarity. The extracts' phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and their ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation against PAF, ADP, TRAP were determined by Light Transmission Aggregometry. The ethanolic extract was further analyzed concerning its anti-platelet effect and its chemical composition by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The ethanolic and Bligh-Dyer water phase extracts showed the highest phenolic compounds/anthocyanin content and the best antioxidant activity. However, the most potent inhibition of platelet aggregation was revealed by ethanol extracts, followed by the Bligh-Dyer lipoid phase extracts. Ethanolic extract, found to contain micro-constituents such as phospho-compounds, phenolic compounds and fatty acids. The most abundant phenolic compounds were catechin, epicatechin and quercetin and the most abundant fatty acids were linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and palmitic acid (C16:0). Ethanolic extract was capable of inhibiting platelets aggregation in a wide range of agonist concentrations and it also seems that its action is sustained when platelets from coronary heart disease patient were used. Ethanol extract of winery by-products exerts a potent anti-platelet effect and its valorization could lead to the production of functional foods with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Choleva
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece.
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9
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Rasines-Perea Z, Ky I, Cros G, Crozier A, Teissedre PL. Grape Pomace: Antioxidant Activity, Potential Effect Against Hypertension and Metabolites Characterization after Intake. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030060. [PMID: 29986480 PMCID: PMC6163875 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies indicate that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the remained potential of grape by-products from important Rhône Valley red wine cultivars: Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvèdre and Alicante. For that, six different extracts from grape pomaces, selected by their antioxidant activity, were studied in vivo during six weeks with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Extracts used in SHR1, SHR2 and SHR6 groups presented a « rebound effect » on systolic blood pressure, whereas the other extracts do not change it significantly. The bioavailability of Grenache (GRE1) (EA70) seed pomace extract (SHR1 group), Mouvendre (MOU) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR5 group) and Alicante (ALI) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR6 group) was studied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn) in urine, plasma and tissues to search differences on the metabolism of the different extracts intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuriñe Rasines-Perea
- Univ Bordeaux, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
| | - Isabelle Ky
- Univ Bordeaux, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
| | - Gérard Cros
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR CNRS-5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Univ Bordeaux, Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
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10
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Fragopoulou E, Choleva M, Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Wine and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive review of clinical trials. Metabolism 2018; 83:102-119. [PMID: 29408458 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the term "French Paradox" motivated an extensive and in-depth research into health benefits of moderate wine consumption. The superiority of wine is thought to be attributed to its micro-constituents and consequent effort was made to isolate and identify these bioactive compounds as well as to elucidate the mechanisms of their action. Controlled trials offer more concrete answers to several raised questions than observational studies. Under this perspective, clinical trials have been implemented, mainly in healthy volunteers and rarely in patients, in order to investigate the acute or chronic effect of wine consumption on metabolism and physio-pathological systems, which are mainly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge about the acute and long term effect of wine consumption on lipid and glucose/insulin metabolism as well as on the inflammatory and haemostatic systems, based on the reported data of controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, the most repeated result of wine consumption is on lipid metabolism, attributed mainly to ethanol, while wine micro-constituents seem to have an important role mainly in haemostatic and inflammatory/endothelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Choleva
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition -Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Demopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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11
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Abstract
Polyphenols content and antioxidant activity are directly related to the quality of wine. Wine also contains sulfites, which are added during the winemaking process. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sulfites on the assays commonly used to measure the antioxidant activity and polyphenols and flavonoids content of white wines. The effects of sulfites were explored both in the standard assays and in white wine. The addition of sulfites (at 1–10 μg) in the standard assays resulted in a significant, positive interference in the Folin–Ciocalteu’s assay used for polyphenols measurements and in both the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation decolorization assays, which were used for antioxidant activity evaluation. A negative interference of sulfites (at 1–20 μg) was observed for the colorimetric aluminium-chloride flavonoids assay. The addition of sulfites to organic white wines (at 25–200 mg/L wine) clearly resulted in a significant overestimation of antioxidant activity and polyphenols content, and in an underestimation of flavonoids concentration. To overcome sulfite interferences, white wines were treated with cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone. The total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity measurements obtained after polyvinylpyrrolidone treatment were significantly lower than those obtained in the untreated wines. Flavonoids were expected to be higher after polyvinylpyrrolidone treatment, but were instead found to be lower than for untreated wines, suggesting that in addition to sulfites, other non-phenolic reducing compounds were present in white wine and interfered with the flavonoid assay. In view of our results, we advise that a purification procedure should be applied in order to evaluate the quality of white wine.
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12
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Tverdal A, Magnus P, Selmer R, Thelle D. Consumption of alcohol and cardiovascular disease mortality: a 16 year follow-up of 115,592 Norwegian men and women aged 40-44 years. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:775-783. [PMID: 28936570 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether teetotalism explains the upturn in cardiovascular risk for non-drinkers and whether wine is a more favorable alcohol type. We studied 115,592 men and women aged 40-44 years who participated in the age 40 program in Norway in 1994-1999 and were followed for an average of 16 years with 550 cardiovascular deaths. Self-reported number of glasses of beer, wine and spirits during 14 days was transformed to alcohol units/day. One unit is approximately 8 grams of pure alcohol. The mean and median number of alcohol units/day were 0.70 and 0.46. Teetotallers had higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than alcohol consumers, multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.97 (1.52-2.56). The use of alcohol-related deaths as endpoint substantiated a selection of previous alcohol users to the teetotal group. Without teetotallers there was no association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality. However, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratio per one unit/day of wine was 0.76 (0.58-0.99). The corresponding figures for beer and spirits were 1.04 (0.94-1.15) and 0.98 (0.75-1.29). The upturn in risk for non-drinkers could be explained by a higher risk for teetotallers who likely included previous alcohol users or teetotalers who started to drink during follow-up. Wine gave the most favorable risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aage Tverdal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per Magnus
- Department of Genetic Research and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Selmer
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, 0403, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Thelle
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Gothenburg University, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1122, 0317, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
A large body of research data suggests that traditional dietary habits and lifestyle unique to the Mediterranean region (Mediterranean diet, MD) lower the incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. These data contrast with troubling statistics in the United States and other high income countries pointing to an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases and the projected explosion in cost of medical care associated with an aging population. In 2013, the MD was inscribed by UNESCO in the "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity." The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans included the MD as a healthy dietary pattern. Therefore, specific objectives of this article are to provide an overview of the nutritional basis of this healthful diet, its metabolic benefits, and its role in multiple aspects of disease prevention and healthy aging. Whereas recommendations about the MD often focus on specific foods or bioactive compounds, we suggest that the eating pattern as a whole likely contributes to the health promoting effects of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato F Romagnolo
- is professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences and The University of Arizona Cancer Center and co-director of The University of Arizona Mediterranean Diet and Health Study Abroad Program. Dr Romagnolo is a collaborator on various research projects related to nutritional prevention of cancer epigenetics. He is a coeditor of a volume entitled "Mediterranean Diet: Dietary Guidelines and Impact on Health and Disease," which was published as the proceedings of the 2015 Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference Series held at The University of Arizona with the grant support of the US Department of Agriculture and is composed of chapter contributions by speakers
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- is professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences and The University of Arizona Cancer Center and co-director of The University of Arizona Mediterranean Diet and Health Study Abroad Program. Dr Romagnolo is a collaborator on various research projects related to nutritional prevention of cancer epigenetics. He is a coeditor of a volume entitled "Mediterranean Diet: Dietary Guidelines and Impact on Health and Disease," which was published as the proceedings of the 2015 Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference Series held at The University of Arizona with the grant support of the US Department of Agriculture and is composed of chapter contributions by speakers
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Tissue Distribution of trans-Resveratrol and Its Metabolites after Oral Administration in Human Eyes. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:4052094. [PMID: 28409021 PMCID: PMC5377058 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This study was performed to measure the concentration of trans-resveratrol and its three metabolites in human eyes. Methods. The patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were included. The participants were orally given trans-resveratrol-based supplement (Longevinex®). A suitable amount of conjunctiva, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor were obtained during the operation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used to detect the concentration of trans-resveratrol and its three metabolites in the various samples. Results. The average concentration of resveratrol in the conjunctiva was 17.19 ± 15.32 nmol/g (mean ± SD). The concentration of resveratrol in the aqueous humor was close to the limit of detection, but its metabolites could be quantified. The concentrations of resveratrol metabolites in the aqueous humor can be detected. In the vitreous humor, the average concentration of resveratrol-3-O-sulfate was 62.95 ± 41.97 nmol/L. The sulfate conjugations of resveratrol were recovered in the conjunctiva, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor. Conclusions. Resveratrol and its three metabolites can be detected in the ocular tissues after oral administration. Although the concentration of parent resveratrol was low in the eyes, its metabolites could be detected and may have a role in the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Postprandial effects of wine consumption on Platelet Activating Factor metabolic enzymes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 130:23-29. [PMID: 28323197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is involved in the initiation and the prolongation of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of wine consumption on the activity of PAF metabolic enzymes and on IL-6 levels as a cytokine inflammatory marker. Healthy men participated in 4 daily trials and consumed a standardized meal along with Robola wine (trial R), or Cabernet Sauvignon (trial CS), or ethanol solution (trial E), or water (trial W). A significant trial effect was found in the activity of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF AT) (ptrial=0.01). In specific, R trial decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial (p=0.03) while a trend for differentiation was observed between CS trial and E one (p=0.06) as well as between R trial and W one (p=0.07). Concerning PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) activity, a significant trial effect was found (ptrial<0.00). Specifically, both R (p=0.002) and CS (p=0.001) trials decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial. Concerning lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) no time either trial effect was observed. Concerning IL-6 levels a significant time effect was found (ptime<0.00) while no trial effect was revealed. In conclusion, the protective effect of wine consumption could partly be explained through the modulation of PAF metabolism by wine micro-constituents that lead to lower PAF levels.
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Ribeiro TP, Oliveira AC, Mendes-Junior LG, França KC, Nakao LS, Schini-Kerth VB, Medeiros IA. Cardiovascular effects induced by northeastern Brazilian red wine: Role of nitric oxide and redox sensitive pathways. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Garaguso I, Nardini M. Polyphenols content, phenolics profile and antioxidant activity of organic red wines produced without sulfur dioxide/sulfites addition in comparison to conventional red wines. Food Chem 2015; 179:336-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Rabai M, Detterich JA, Wenby RB, Toth K, Meiselman HJ. Effects of ethanol on red blood cell rheological behavior. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2014; 56:87-99. [PMID: 23089886 DOI: 10.3233/ch-2012-1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of red wine is associated with a decreased risk of several cardiovascular diseases (e.g., coronary artery disease, stroke), but unfortunately literature reports regarding ethanol's effects on hemorheological parameters are not concordant. In the present study, red blood cell (RBC) deformability was tested via laser ektacytometry (LORCA, 0.3-30 Pa) using two approaches: 1) addition of ethanol to whole blood at 0.25%-2% followed by incubation and testing in ethanol-free LORCA medium; 2) addition of ethanol to the LORCA medium at 0.25%-6% then testing untreated native RBC in these media. The effects of ethanol on deformability for oxidatively stressed RBC were investigated as were changes of RBC aggregation (Myrenne Aggregometer) for cells in autologous plasma or 3% 70 kDa dextran. Significant dose-related increases of RBC deformability were observed at 0.25% (p < 0.05) and higher concentrations only if ethanol was in the LORCA medium; no changes occurred for cells previously incubated with ethanol then tested in ethanol-free medium. The impaired deformability of cells pre-exposed to oxidative stress was improved only if ethanol was in the LORCA medium. RBC aggregation decreased with concentration at 0.25% and higher for cells in both autologous plasma and dextran 70. Our results indicate that ethanol reversibly improves erythrocyte deformability and irreversibly decreases erythrocyte aggregation; the relevance of these results to the health benefits of moderate wine consumption require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rabai
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Detterich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R B Wenby
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Pecs, Hungary
| | - H J Meiselman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lin HH, Charles AL, Hsieh CW, Lee YC, Ciou JY. Antioxidant effects of 14 Chinese traditional medicinal herbs against human low-density lipoprotein oxidation. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:51-5. [PMID: 26151009 PMCID: PMC4488096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of 14 Chinese medicinal herbs against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) formation was evaluated. Prolongation of the lag phase of LDL oxidation depended on the concentration of the herbs. The concentration of each herb that was able to prolong the lag time by about two-fold was calculated and expressed as doubling-time concentration. The lower the doubling-time concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effect exhibited toward LDL oxidation. Among them, Chrysanthemi Flos (Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat; 甘菊花 gān jú huā), Crataegi Fructus (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.; 山楂 shān zhā), and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.; 洛神 luò shén) showed significant inhibitory effects. Correlation coefficients between doubling-time concentration and radical-scavenging activities were high; the total phenolic content was also high. In conclusion, phenolic compounds contributed not only to antioxidant activities, but also to the inhibitory effect against LDL oxidation. Chrysanthemi Flos, Crataegi Fructus, and H. sabdariffa, with lower doubling-time concentrations, could be potent phytochemical agents to reduce LDL oxidation and prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Albert Linton Charles
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Healthcare, Da-Yeh University, Dahtsuen, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Lee
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Ciou
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Bola C, Bartlett H, Eperjesi F. Resveratrol and the eye: activity and molecular mechanisms. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:699-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Ali K, Iqbal M, Fortes AM, Pais MS, Korthout HA, Verpoorte R, Choi YH. Red wines attenuate TNFα production in human histiocytic lymphoma cell line: An NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics based study. Food Chem 2013; 141:3124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mangoni AA, Stockley CS, Woodman RJ. Effects of red wine on established markers of arterial structure and function in human studies: current knowledge and future research directions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 6:613-25. [PMID: 24164610 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.841077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from observational studies suggests that mild-to-moderate consumption of red wine is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various individual chemical components of red wine also show salutary effects on vascular homeostasis, that is, enhanced endothelial function and arterial distensibility, both in vitro and in animal studies. However, testing the beneficial potential of red wine in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention on established surrogate cardiovascular markers requires further study with longer term intervention trials. This report reviews and critically appraises the published evidence for the effects of red wine on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arterial stiffness and arterial wave reflections in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular disease. Suggestions for future research directions are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Zhang KZ, Deng K, Luo HB, Zhou J, Wu ZY, Zhang WX. Antioxidant properties and phenolic profiles of four ChineseZawines produced from hull-less barley or maize. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
| | | | - Jian Zhou
- College of Bioengineering; University of Sichuan Science and Engineering; Zigong; 643000; China
| | - Zheng-Yun Wu
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610065; China
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25
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Abe R, Beckett J, Abe R, Nixon A, Rochier A, Yamashita N, Sumpio B. Olive Oil Polyphenols Differentially Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through a G1/S Cell Cycle Block Regulated by ERK1/2. Int J Angiol 2013; 21:69-76. [PMID: 23730132 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that polyphenols contained in olive oil play a role in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine if the polyphenols in olive oil, oleuropein (Ole), hydroxytyrosol (HT), and tyrosol (Tyr) could inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation through its influence on cell cycle regulation. Bovine vascular SMC were cultured in the presence of Ole, HT, or Tyr at concentration of 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L. On days 1, 3, and 5, numbers of cells were counted. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry on day 1 after SMC were stained with propidium iodide. Cell populations grown in the presence of Ole or HT at 100 μmol/L concentration were significantly inhibited after 5 days of exposure. Tyr had a similar tendency but it did not attain significance. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 66% of cells were in G1 phase in Ole group, compared with 48% in control group. To examine the cell cycle block between G1 and S phases, we performed Western blotting and found that ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by Ole or HT. We conclude that olive oil polyphenols could inhibit SMC proliferation through a cell cycle block between G1 and S phases which may be regulated by ERK1/2. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which olive oil consumption may be atheroprotective by inhibiting SMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Abe
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1818-92. [PMID: 22794138 PMCID: PMC3619154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1568] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human intervention trials have provided evidence for protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While there are considerable data suggesting benefits of (poly)phenol intake, conclusions regarding their preventive potential remain unresolved due to several limitations in existing studies. Bioactivity investigations using cell lines have made an extensive use of both (poly)phenolic aglycones and sugar conjugates, these being the typical forms that exist in planta, at concentrations in the low-μM-to-mM range. However, after ingestion, dietary (poly)phenolics appear in the circulatory system not as the parent compounds, but as phase II metabolites, and their presence in plasma after dietary intake rarely exceeds nM concentrations. Substantial quantities of both the parent compounds and their metabolites pass to the colon where they are degraded by the action of the local microbiota, giving rise principally to small phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites that are absorbed into the circulatory system. This comprehensive review describes the different groups of compounds that have been reported to be involved in human nutrition, their fate in the body as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system, the evidence of their impact on human chronic diseases, and the possible mechanisms of action through which (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites may exert these protective actions. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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27
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Wakabayashi I, Takeda Y. Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 production in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:835-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Robich MP, Chu LM, Burgess TA, Feng J, Han Y, Nezafat R, Leber MP, Laham RJ, Manning WJ, Sellke FW. Resveratrol preserves myocardial function and perfusion in remote nonischemic myocardium in a swine model of metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:681-9. [PMID: 22867714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has been shown to reverse some of the detrimental effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We sought to define the impact of supplemental resveratrol on normal myocardium remote from an ischemic territory in a swine model of MetS and chronic myocardial ischemia. STUDY DESIGN Yorkshire swine were fed a normal diet (control), a high cholesterol diet (HCD), or a high cholesterol diet with orally supplemented resveratrol (HCD-R; 100 mg/kg/day). Four weeks after diet modification, myocardial ischemia was induced by ameroid constrictor placement. Seven weeks later, myocardial tissue from a territory remote from the ischemia was harvested. Animals in the HCD and HCD-R groups underwent functional cardiac MRI before ischemia and before sacrifice. Tissue was harvested for protein expression analysis. RESULTS After 7 weeks of ischemia, regional left ventricular systolic function was significantly increased in HCD-R as compared with HCD animals. During ventricular pacing the HCD group had significantly decreased flow (p = 0.03); perfusion in the HCD-R was preserved as compared with the control. There was no difference in microvascular relaxation. Expression of metabolic proteins Sirt-1 (p = 0.002), AMPkinase (p = 0.02), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (p = 0.002) were upregulated in the HCD-R group. Levels of protein oxidative stress were significantly increased in the HCD and HCD-R groups, as compared with the controls (p = 0.003). Activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased in the HCD-R group (p = 0.01). There was no difference in myocardial endothelial cell density between the groups; however, dividing endothelial cells were decreased in the HCD and HCD-R groups (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol supplementation improves regional left ventricular function and preserves perfusion to myocardium remote from an area of ischemia in an animal model of metabolic syndrome and chronic myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Khandelwal AR, Hebert VY, Kleinedler JJ, Rogers LK, Ullevig SL, Asmis R, Shi R, Dugas TR. Resveratrol and quercetin interact to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in mice with a carotid injury. J Nutr 2012; 142:1487-94. [PMID: 22718033 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.162628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is a critical complication of angioplasty and stenting. Restenosis is multifactorial, involving endothelial injury, inflammation, platelet activation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Thus, dietary strategies to prevent restenosis likely require the use of more than one agent. Resveratrol (R) and quercetin (Q) are polyphenols that are known to exhibit vascular protective effects. We tested whether R and Q administered in the diet interact to inhibit vessel stenosis in mice with a carotid injury. B6.129 mice were administered a high-fat diet containing 21% fat and 0.2% cholesterol along with R (25 mg/kg), Q (10 mg/kg), or R + Q for 2 wk. A carotid injury was induced and the mice were again administered the enriched diet for 2 wk. Compared with the controls, R significantly decreased stenosis, assessed as an intima:media ratio, by 76%. Although Q treatment alone exhibited no effect, it potentiated the effect of R in that treatment with R + Q significantly decreased the intima:media ratio by 94%. Moreover, this effect was greater than that of R treatment alone (P < 0.05). Although treatments with R, Q, and R + Q significantly affected platelet activation and endothelial function, the responses observed for R + Q were less than additive. Specifically, the effects of R + Q were less than the sum of effects for treatments with R and Q alone. In contrast, treatment with R + Q exhibited more-than-additive effects on inflammatory markers and significant interactions between R and Q were observed. The presence of synergy between R and Q was thus tested in cultures of VSMC and macrophages. Isobolographic analysis revealed that 2:1 molar ratios of R:Q exhibited synergistic inhibition of VSMC proliferation and macrophage chemotaxis. In conclusion, in combination, R and Q can interact to reduce the extent of restenosis, perhaps due to their synergistic inhibition of VSMC proliferation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Abstract
Appropriate long-term drinking of red wine is associated with a reduced risk for lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, making resveratrol, a constituent of grapes and various other plants, an attractive compound to be studied. Historically, resveratrol has been identified as a phytoalexin, antioxidant, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inducer, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) activator, and more. Despite scepticism concerning the biological availability of resveratrol, a growing body of in vivo evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effects in several stress and disease models. Here, we provide a review of the studies on resveratrol, especially with respect to COX, PPAR, and eNOS activities, and discuss its potential for promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Japan
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31
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Perfecting the Plate: Adding Cardioprotective Compounds to the Diet. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 214:97-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pirker KF, Oliveira J, de Freitas V, Goodman BA, Mateus N. Antiradical properties of red wine portisins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11833-7. [PMID: 21973100 DOI: 10.1021/jf2033126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The free radical chemistry of two polyphenolic pigments from red wine, belonging to the family of portisins, has been investigated after reaction with O(2)(•-) radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Two portisins derived from malvidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were used for this study. Stable free radicals were detected with both portisins and correspond to unpaired electrons localized on the B as well as F rings of the portisins. Interpretations were confirmed by comparison with the spectra of free radicals formed by oxidation of the model compounds cyanidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and catechin. These results concur with previous work reporting the higher antiradical properties of these pigments compared to their anthocyanin precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F Pirker
- Health and Environment Department, Environmental Resources and Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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China R, Dutta S, Sen S, Chakrabarti R, Bhowmik D, Ghosh S, Dhar P. In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Cultivars of Banana Flower (Musa paradicicus L.) Extracts Available in India. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1292-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pires KMP, Valença SS, Resende ÂC, Porto LCS, Queiroz EF, Moreira DDC, de Moura RS. Grape skin extract reduced pulmonary oxidative response in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR187-195. [PMID: 21804454 PMCID: PMC3539621 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cigarette smoke (CS) is known to be one of the major sources of oxidants in the lungs. We postulated that acute administration of GSE (grape skin extract) would either reduce or protect the ALI (acute lung inflammation) produced by CS via NO release. MATERIAL/METHODS We adopted a nutritional approach by investigating the inflammatory cells, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde - MDA - levels) that play a role in the development of acute lung inflammation (ALI). Therefore, we tested an orally active antioxidant produced from grape skin manipulation (grape skin extract - GSE), in mice exposed to CS from 6 cigarettes a day for 5 days. In addition, we used a separate group treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an NO inhibitor) to confirm nitric oxide (NO) involvement in GSE effects. RESULTS We showed for the first time that administration of GSE inhibited ALI and oxidative damage induced by CS. This is associated with decreased MMP-9 activity, decreased number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that beneficial effects of GSE are NO-dependent. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that alteration of the oxidant-antioxidant balance is important in the pathogenesis of CS-induced ALI and suggests lung protective effects of GSE treatment in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Maria Pereira Pires
- Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cancer Laboratory - ICB/CCS/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Repeated and long-term treatment with physiological concentrations of resveratrol promotes NO production in vascular endothelial cells. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:774-80. [PMID: 21791144 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of repeated and long-term treatment with resveratrol on NO production in endothelial cells as a model of routine wine consumption. Repeated treatment with resveratrol for 5 d resulted in an increase in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein content and NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in a concentration-dependent manner. A significant increase in functional eNOS protein content was observed with resveratrol, even at 50 nm. In contrast, eNOS phosphorylation was not stimulated and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was not detected after resveratrol treatment. Both eNOS protein and mRNA expression were promoted by 50 nm-resveratrol in a time-dependent manner. Increased eNOS mRNA expression in response to resveratrol was not decreased by an oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI182780, a PPARα inhibitor MK886 or a sirtuin inhibitor Salermide. However, a combination of ICI182780 and MK886 significantly inhibited resveratrol-induced eNOS mRNA expression. Salermide had no effect even in the presence of ICI182780 or MK886. These results demonstrate that resveratrol within the physiological range increases eNOS mRNA and protein expression through ER and PPARα activation, thereby promoting NO production in endothelial cells. eNOS induction might result from the accumulative effect of nanomolar concentrations of resveratrol. The present study results can account in part for the observation that cardiovascular benefits of red wine are experienced with routine consumption, but not with acute consumption.
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Chu LM, Robich MP, Lassaletta AD, Feng J, Laham RJ, Burgess T, Clements RT, Sellke FW. Resveratrol supplementation abrogates pro-arteriogenic effects of intramyocardial vascular endothelial growth factor in a hypercholesterolemic swine model of chronic ischemia. Surgery 2011; 150:390-9. [PMID: 21783219 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been disappointing, owing likely to endothelial dysfunction. We used a swine model of chronic ischemia and endothelial dysfunction to determine whether resveratrol coadministration would improve the angiogenic response to VEGF therapy. METHODS Yorkshire swine fed a high-cholesterol diet underwent left circumflex ameroid constrictor placement, and were given either no drug (high cholesterol control [HCC], n = 8), perivascular VEGF (2 μg sustained release [high cholesterol VEGF-treated; HCV], n = 8), or VEGF plus oral resveratrol (10 mg/kg, [high cholesterol VEGF- and resveratrol-treated; HCVR], n = 8). After 7 weeks, myocardial contractility, perfusion, and microvessel reactivity in the ischemic territory were assessed. Tissue was analyzed for vessel density, oxidative stress, and protein expression. RESULTS Myocardial perfusion was significantly improved in the HCV group compared with the HCC group; resveratrol coadministration abrogated this improvement. There were no differences in regional myocardial contractility between groups. Endothelium-dependent microvessel relaxation was improved in the HCVR group, and endothelium-independent relaxation response was similar between groups. Arteriolar density was greatest in the HCV group, whereas capillary density was similar between groups. Expression of Akt and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase were increased in the HCVR group. Total protein oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase expression were reduced in the HCVR group, but so was the oxidative-stress dependent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and β-catenin. CONCLUSION Although resveratrol coadministration decreases oxidative stress and improves endothelial function, it abolishes improvements in myocardial perfusion and arteriolar density afforded by VEGF treatment alone. This effect is due likely to inhibition of the oxidative stress-dependent phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, an essential step in the initiation of arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Dardik A. Invited commentary. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:131-2. [PMID: 21722827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abe R, Beckett J, Abe R, Nixon A, Rochier A, Yamashita N, Sumpio B. Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleuropein Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 41:814-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Loira I, Morata A, González C, Suárez-Lepe JA. Selection of Glycolytically Inefficient Yeasts for Reducing the Alcohol Content of Wines from Hot Regions. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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ANTI-OXIDANTS IN FOOD, DRINKS AND SUPPLEMENTS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH. Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nicolaou IN, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Analysis of polyphenols using capillary zone electrophoresis - Determination of the most effective wine sample pre-treatment method. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3895-902. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoo YJ, Saliba AJ, Prenzler PD. Should Red Wine Be Considered a Functional Food? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:530-551. [PMID: 33467832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods may be regarded as foods that have nutritional value, but in particular, they also have beneficial effects on one or more body functions. Thus, functional foods may improve health and/or reduce the risk of developing certain diseases when taken in amounts that can be consumed in a normal diet. Based on nearly 2 decades of research since the term "French paradox" was first coined in 1992, wine would appear to fit this definition. Yet there seems to be reluctance to consider wine as a functional food. In this review, we present an overview of the accumulated evidence for the health benefits of wine-and its key phenolic components such as resveratrol, quercetin, catechin-and show that these alone are not enough to firmly establish wine as a functional food. What is required is to create clearly defined products based on wine that are targeted to consumers' needs and expectations when it comes to purchasing functional foods. Moreover, the crucial question of alcohol and health also needs to be addressed by the functional food industry. Suggestions are presented for working through this issue, but in many regards, wine is like any other food-it should be consumed sensibly and in amounts that are beneficial to health. Overindulgence of any kind does not promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung J Yoo
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
| | - Anthony J Saliba
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
| | - Paul D Prenzler
- Authors are with Natl. Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga New South Wales, Australia. Direct inquiries to author Saliba (E-mail: )
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Khoo NKH, White CR, Pozzo-Miller L, Zhou F, Constance C, Inoue T, Patel RP, Parks DA. Dietary flavonoid quercetin stimulates vasorelaxation in aortic vessels. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:339-47. [PMID: 20423726 PMCID: PMC2900862 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable epidemiological evidence indicates that dietary consumption of moderate levels of polyphenols decreases both the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the mortality associated with myocardial infarction. Molecular mechanisms of this cardiovascular protection remain uncertain but can involve changes in rates of nitric oxide (NO) generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We examined the vascular responses to quercetin using a combination of biochemical and vessel function criteria. Quercetin treatment for 30min enhanced relaxation of rat aortic ring segments. Moreover, the addition of L-NAME (100muM) or charybdotoxin (ChTx) blocked quercetin-mediated vasorelaxation thus demonstrating the effect was partially dependent on NOS and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Additionally, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) treated with quercetin showed a rapid increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations as well as a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation with a concomitant increase in NO production. These results demonstrate that quercetin-mediated stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation increases NO bioavailability in endothelial cells and can thus play a role in the vascular protective effects associated with improved endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA.
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Namkung W, Thiagarajah JR, Phuan PW, Verkman AS. Inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels by gallotannins as a possible molecular basis for health benefits of red wine and green tea. FASEB J 2010; 24:4178-86. [PMID: 20581223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-160648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A was found recently to be a calcium-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC). CaCCs perform important functions in cell physiology, including regulation of epithelial secretion, cardiac and neuronal excitability, and smooth muscle contraction. CaCC modulators are of potential utility for treatment of hypertension, diarrhea, and cystic fibrosis. Screening of drug and natural product collections identified tannic acid as an inhibitor of TMEM16A, with IC(50) ∼ 6 μM and ∼100% inhibition at higher concentrations. Tannic acid inhibited CaCCs in multiple cell types but did not affect CFTR Cl(-) channels. Structure-activity analysis indicated the requirement of gallic or digallic acid substituents on a macromolecular scaffold (gallotannins), as are present in green tea and red wine. Other polyphenolic components of teas and wines, including epicatechin, catechin, and malvidin-3-glucoside, poorly inhibited CaCCs. Remarkably, a 1000-fold dilution of red wine and 100-fold dilution of green tea inhibited CaCCs by >50%. Tannic acid, red wine, and green tea inhibited arterial smooth muscle contraction and intestinal Cl(-) secretion. Gallotannins are thus potent CaCC inhibitors whose biological activity provides a potential molecular basis for the cardioprotective and antisecretory benefits of red wine and green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Namkung
- Department of Medicine , University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA
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Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that a mild to moderate drinking of wine, particularly red wine, attenuates the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular risk. However, the experimental basis for such health benefits is not fully understood. The cardioprotective effect of wine has been attributed to both components of wine: the alcoholic portion and, more importantly, the alcohol-free portion containing antioxidants. Wines are manufactured from grapes, which also contain a large variety of antioxidants, including resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidins. Resveratrol is mainly found in the grape skin, whereas proanthocyanidins are found only in the seeds. Recent studies have demonstrated that resveratrol and proanthocyanidin are the major compounds present in grapes and wines responsible for cardioprotection. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence that grapes, wines, and resveratrol are equally important in reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications. Both wines and grapes can attenuate cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Recently, wine was also found to increase life span by inducing longevity genes. It appears that resveratrol and proanthocyanidins, especially resveratrol, present in grapes and wines play a crucial role in cardioprotective abilities of grapes and wines.
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Carlsen MH, Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Bøhn SK, Dragland S, Sampson L, Willey C, Senoo H, Umezono Y, Sanada C, Barikmo I, Berhe N, Willett WC, Phillips KM, Jacobs DR, Blomhoff R. The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide. Nutr J 2010; 9:3. [PMID: 20096093 PMCID: PMC2841576 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plant-based diet protects against chronic oxidative stress-related diseases. Dietary plants contain variable chemical families and amounts of antioxidants. It has been hypothesized that plant antioxidants may contribute to the beneficial health effects of dietary plants. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive food database consisting of the total antioxidant content of typical foods as well as other dietary items such as traditional medicine plants, herbs and spices and dietary supplements. This database is intended for use in a wide range of nutritional research, from in vitro and cell and animal studies, to clinical trials and nutritional epidemiological studies. METHODS We procured samples from countries worldwide and assayed the samples for their total antioxidant content using a modified version of the FRAP assay. Results and sample information (such as country of origin, product and/or brand name) were registered for each individual food sample and constitute the Antioxidant Food Table. RESULTS The results demonstrate that there are several thousand-fold differences in antioxidant content of foods. Spices, herbs and supplements include the most antioxidant rich products in our study, some exceptionally high. Berries, fruits, nuts, chocolate, vegetables and products thereof constitute common foods and beverages with high antioxidant values. CONCLUSIONS This database is to our best knowledge the most comprehensive Antioxidant Food Database published and it shows that plant-based foods introduce significantly more antioxidants into human diet than non-plant foods. Because of the large variations observed between otherwise comparable food samples the study emphasizes the importance of using a comprehensive database combined with a detailed system for food registration in clinical and epidemiological studies. The present antioxidant database is therefore an essential research tool to further elucidate the potential health effects of phytochemical antioxidants in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente L Halvorsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Holte
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv K Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Dragland
- The Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Bioforsk Øst Apelsvoll, Kapp, Norway
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol Willey
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruki Senoo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita City, Japan
| | - Yuko Umezono
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita City, Japan
| | - Chiho Sanada
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita City, Japan
| | - Ingrid Barikmo
- Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Management, Akershus University College, Lillestrøm, Norway
| | - Nega Berhe
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine M Phillips
- The Biochemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Labanda J, Vichi S, Llorens J, López-Tamames E. Membrane separation technology for the reduction of alcoholic degree of a white model wine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dirks Naylor AJ. Cellular effects of resveratrol in skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2009; 84:637-40. [PMID: 19233212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a stilbene found naturally in various plants with the highest concentration in the skin of grapes and peanuts. The function of this compound in plants is to confer resistance against bacterial and fungal infection. The effects of resveratrol in animals and humans are currently an area of intense investigation. Resveratrol has been shown to have a plethora of health benefits including protection against cardiovascular disease, various cancers, type II diabetes, and also has life extending properties. The beneficial effects of resveratrol in skeletal muscle have been given less attention in the literature compared to other tissues. Therefore, the focus of this review is to highlight the cellular effects of resveratrol in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol has been shown to alter protein catabolism and muscle function, and confer resistance against oxidative stress, injury, and cell death of skeletal muscle cells. The mechanisms underlying these resveratrol-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Dirks Naylor
- School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, 316 N. Main Street, Wingate, NC 28174, USA.
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Cordova AC, Sumpio BE. Polyphenols are medicine: Is it time to prescribe red wine for our patients? Int J Angiol 2009; 18:111-7. [PMID: 22477510 PMCID: PMC2903024 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol, specifically red wine, has been suggested to play a key role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and other chronic pathologies, including cancer. Its regular and moderate consumption has been found in numerous epidemiological studies to correlate inversely with vascular disease and mortality, despite the presence of risk factors such as high consumption of saturated fats, elevated smoking and low physical activity. This phenomenon, known as the 'French Paradox', would be explained mainly by the high levels of polyphenols present in red wine, making it more advantageous than beer, spirits and even white wine. The habit of having one or two drinks of red wine every day with meals may translate to a longer, healthier and better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo C Cordova
- Division of Surgery, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Bauer E Sumpio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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