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Kuper H, Smythe T. Are people with disabilities at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2023; 222:115-124. [PMID: 37541064 PMCID: PMC10308224 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality among people with disabilities compared to people without disabilities. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched four databases from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2022. We included prospective studies with a baseline assessment of disability and a longitudinal assessment of the COVID-19-related mortality. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We undertook random-effects meta-analyses to calculate pooled adjusted hazard ratios for COVID-19-related mortality for people with disabilities, also disaggregated by disability type and study setting. RESULTS We identified 2596 articles throughout the electronic data search, and 56 studies were included in the review. Most (73%) had a moderate risk of bias. The pooled adjusted effect estimate for COVID-19-related mortality in people with disabilities compared to those without was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-3.2). Heterogeneity between the studies was high (τ2 = 0.28, I2 = 97%). Effect estimates were highest for population-based samples (3.3, 95% CI: 2.7-3.9), compared to hospital settings (2.1, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7). Risk was not elevated among people with disabilities in care home settings (1.6, 95% CI: 0.7-3.5). Disaggregation by disability type showed that people with intellectual disabilities were at the highest relative risk of COVID-19 mortality. DISCUSSION Risk of COVID-19 mortality is elevated among people with disabilities, especially people with intellectual disabilities. Efforts are needed to collect better routine data on disability and to include people with disabilities in the pandemic response for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - T Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mas MA, Sabaté RA, Manjón H, Arnal C. Developing new hospital-at-home models based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Implementation recommendations by the Working Group on Hospital-at-Home and Community Geriatrics of the Catalan Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2023; 58:35-42. [PMID: 36635118 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Last decade, the Government of Catalonia have urged an integrated care strategy for planning the care model to older populations living with frailty, multimorbidity and advanced illnesses. Based on international evidence that was reviewed by a group of experts from the Catalan Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, we summarised some recommendation to adapt hospital-at-home care to older populations in our system. We defined Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) hospital-at-home (HaH) as a specialised home hospitalisation service formed by interdisciplinary teams, characterised by using the clinical methodology of CGA, and by adapting geriatric units' protocols for the provision of person-centred care at home. Main benefits of CGA-HaH in these populations are: response to heath crises according to individualised care plans based on the situational diagnosis carried out by Primary Care teams; provision of a comprehensive health and social approach tailored to the complexity of cases and situations; and adaptation of multipurpose hospitalisation, by working on different person-centred care, aspects, such as caregivers support on care provision, focusing on function or home adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Angel Mas
- Direcció Clínica Territorial de Cronicitat Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Geriatrics Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Sabaté
- Department of Geriatrics Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Helena Manjón
- Department of Geriatrics Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Arnal
- Departament of Geriatrics Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Ibáñez-del Valle V, Corchón S, Zaharia G, Cauli O. Social and Emotional Loneliness in Older Community Dwelling-Individuals: The Role of Socio-Demographics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16622. [PMID: 36554512 PMCID: PMC9779629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants have a major influence on individuals' health, and among them, loneliness has an important impact on the health of the elderly. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine loneliness and its social and emotional components in a sample of elderly people and to assess its prevalence and associations with sociodemographic variables. METHODS Analytical, cross-sectional, observational research was carried out based on a population over 60 years of age in Valencia (Spain). Loneliness was assessed with the De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale. RESULTS Five-hundred and thirty community-dwelling individuals participated. The mean age of the sample was 72.7 years (84.2% women); 36.2% suffered from moderate loneliness and 6.6% suffered from extreme loneliness. The sociodemographic variables most significantly related to loneliness were being single, separated, or divorced (p < 0.01). Among widowers, loneliness was inversely associated with years of widowhood (p < 0.01). Having sons/daughters was a significant protective factor (p < 0.05), while having grandchildren or siblings did not have a significant influence. The ability to walk and smartphone and video call use were not associated with loneliness. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of unwanted loneliness in community-dwelling individuals, and some social factors play an important role. Interventions against loneliness among older people are a priority for welfare and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Corchón
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgiana Zaharia
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Zunzunegui MV, Béland F, Rico M, López FJG. Long-Term Care Home Size Association with COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in Catalonia in March and April 2020. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:369-390. [PMID: 36417245 PMCID: PMC9620903 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aim to assess how COVID-19 infection and mortality varied according to facility size in 965 long-term care homes (LTCHs) in Catalonia during March and April 2020. We measured LTCH size by the number of authorised beds. Outcomes were COVID-19 infection (at least one COVID-19 case in an LTCH) and COVID-19 mortality. Risks of these were estimated with logistic regression and hurdle models. Models were adjusted for county COVID-19 incidence and population, and LTCH types. Sixty-five per cent of the LTCHs were infected by COVID-19. We found a strong association between COVID-19 infection and LTCH size in the adjusted analysis (from 45% in 10-bed homes to 97.5% in those with over 150 places). The average COVID-19 mortality in all LTCHs was 6.8% (3887 deaths) and 9.2% among the COVID-19-infected LTCHs. Very small and large homes had higher COVID-19 mortality, whereas LTCHs with 30 to 70 places had the lowest level. COVID-19 mortality sharply increased with LTCH size in counties with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 which was higher than 250/100,000, except for very small homes, but slightly decreased with LTCH size when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was lower. To prevent infection and preserve life, the optimal size of an LTCH should be between 30 and 70 places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
- École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-692-064-134
| | - François Béland
- École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Institut Lady Davis, Montreal Jewish Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Arnedo-Pena A, Romeu-Garcia MA, Gascó-Laborda JC, Meseguer-Ferrer N, Safont-Adsuara L, Prades-Vila L, Flores-Medina M, Rusen V, Tirado-Balaguer MD, Sabater-Vidal S, Gil-Fortuño M, Pérez-Olaso O, Hernández-Pérez N, Moreno-Muñoz R, Bellido-Blasco J. Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 3:179-190. [PMID: 36417250 PMCID: PMC9620907 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the period from March 2020 to January 2021, we performed an analysis of incidence, mortality, and risk factors of COVID-19 in nursing homes (NHs) in two health departments (HDs) of Castellon (Spain) 2021 through epidemiological surveillance and an ecological design. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, cumulative incidence rate (CIR), and mortality rate (MR) of 27 NHs were collected. Information of residents, staff, and facilities was obtained by questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression models were applied. All NHs in the HDs participated with 2229 residents (median: 83 years old, 67.3% women) and 1666 staff. Among residents, 815 cases (CIR: 34.8 per 100) and 202 deaths (MR: 8.7 per 100, case fatality 21.0%) were reported and, among staff, 296 cases (CIR: 19.2 per 100) without deaths. Residents' CIR and MR increased with staff CIR, age of the building, residents/staff ratios, occupancy rate, and crowding index; CIR increased with private NH ownership, large NH size, large urban area, and the percentage of women residents; and MR was associated with residents' severe disabilities. In conclusion, several risk factors of COVID-19 incidence and mortality can be prevented by improving infection and quality controls, ameliorating residents/staff ratios, improving structural facilities, and increasing NH public ownership to avoid new outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
- Public Health and Epidemiology (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Gascó-Laborda
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Noemi Meseguer-Ferrer
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Lourdes Safont-Adsuara
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
| | - Laura Prades-Vila
- Health Programs, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (L.P.-V.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Matilde Flores-Medina
- Health Programs, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (L.P.-V.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Viorica Rusen
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
| | | | - Susana Sabater-Vidal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Universitary General Hospital, 12004 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.D.T.-B.); (S.S.-V.)
| | - Maria Gil-Fortuño
- Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Laboratory, Universitary Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (O.P.-O.); (N.H.-P.)
| | - Oscar Pérez-Olaso
- Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Laboratory, Universitary Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (O.P.-O.); (N.H.-P.)
| | - Noelia Hernández-Pérez
- Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Laboratory, Universitary Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Vila-Real, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (O.P.-O.); (N.H.-P.)
| | - Rosario Moreno-Muñoz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jaume I University, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Juan Bellido-Blasco
- Epidemiology Division, Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (M.A.R.-G.); (J.C.G.-L.); (N.M.-F.); (L.S.-A.); (V.R.); (J.B.-B.)
- Public Health and Epidemiology (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jaume I University, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
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Soldevila L, Prat N, Mas MÀ, Massot M, Miralles R, Bonet-Simó JM, Isnard M, Expósito-Izquierdo M, Garcia-Sanchez I, Rodoreda-Noguerola S, Moreno N, Badia E, López G, Sevilla J, Estrada O, Vallès X. The interplay between infection risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 and mortality: a cross-sectional study from a cohort of long-term care nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:123. [PMID: 35164680 PMCID: PMC8842505 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 pandemic has particularly affected older people living in Long-term Care settings in terms of infection and mortality. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional analysis within a cohort of Long-term care nursing home residents between March first and June thirty, 2020, who were ≥ 65 years old and on whom at least one PCR test was performed. Socio-demographic, comorbidities, and clinical data were recorded. Facility size and community incidence of SARS-CoV-2 were also considered. The outcomes of interest were infection (PCR positive) and death. RESULTS A total of 8021 residents were included from 168 facilities. Mean age was 86.4 years (SD = 7.4). Women represented 74.1%. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 27.7% of participants, and the overall case fatality rate was 11.3% (24.9% among those with a positive PCR test). Epidemiological factors related to risk of infection were larger facility size (pooled aOR 1.73; P < .001), higher community incidence (pooled aOR 1.67, P = .04), leading to a higher risk than the clinical factor of low level of functional dependence (aOR 1.22, P = .03). Epidemiological risk factors associated with mortality were male gender (aOR 1.75; P < .001), age (pooled aOR 1.16; P < .001), and higher community incidence (pooled aOR 1.19, P = < 0.001) whereas clinical factors were low level of functional dependence (aOR 2.42, P < .001), Complex Chronic Condition (aOR 1.29, P < .001) and dementia (aOR 1.33, P <0.001). There was evidence of clustering for facility and health area when considering the risk of infection and mortality (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a complex interplay between structural and individual factors regarding Covid-19 infection and its impact on mortality in nursing-home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soldevila
- International Health Program, Regió Sanitària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Prat
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Miquel À Mas
- Direcció Clínica Territorial de Cronicitat Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mireia Massot
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ramón Miralles
- Direcció Clínica Territorial de Cronicitat Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep M Bonet-Simó
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Mar Isnard
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Irene Garcia-Sanchez
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Sara Rodoreda-Noguerola
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Nemesio Moreno
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Esther Badia
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Genís López
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Javier Sevilla
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Oriol Estrada
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Xavier Vallès
- International Health Program, Regió Sanitària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Spain.
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain.
- Institut per la Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
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