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Dogan YE, Bala N, Chacko KM, Tuna KM, Alli AA. Tempol treatment normalizes membrane expression of epithelial transport proteins in the kidney of salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:6690-6700. [PMID: 38186979 PMCID: PMC10767517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension exacerbates the progression and severity of diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that tempol acts at multiple segments of the nephron to normalize the abundance of sodium coupled epithelial transport proteins in the luminal plasma membrane to mitigate high blood pressure in salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice. METHODS Soluble and membrane fractions from freshly homogenized kidney cortex tissue samples were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed for specific proteins by Western blotting. Western blotting for specific urinary extracellular vesicle (uEV) markers and nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to characterize each uEV preparation from each group. A one-way ANOVA was performed to determine statistical significance between three groups (hypertensive diabetic db/db mice treated with vehicle, hypertensive diabetic db/db mice treated with tempol, and wild-type mice). RESULTS Tempol treatment reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic db/db mice compared to db/db mice that received vehicle. We observed attenuated membrane protein expression of the sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), sodium potassium chloride co-transporter (NKCC2), sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney of salt-loaded hypertensive diabetic db/db mice infused with tempol by osmotic minipump for 5 days compared to hypertensive diabetic db/db mice infused with vehicle. Also, the infusion of tempol in hypertensive diabetic db/db mice reduced the augmented protein expression of protein kinase c (PKC) epsilon observed in the vehicle treated hypertensive diabetic db/db kidney when compared to the healthy wild-type kidney. The amount of uEV and their size profiles were comparable between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that tempol down-regulates epithelial transport mechanisms in each segment of the nephron and normalizes salt-induced high blood pressure in diabetic animals presumably in a PKC dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus E Dogan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes UniversityKayseri, Turkey
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Kevin M Chacko
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Kubra M Tuna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610, USA
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Pawar A, Russo M, Rani I, Goswami K, Russo GL, Pal A. A critical evaluation of risk to reward ratio of quercetin supplementation for COVID-19 and associated comorbid conditions. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2394-2415. [PMID: 35393674 PMCID: PMC9111035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interim results of the large, multinational trials on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) using a combination of antiviral drugs appear to have little to no effect on the 28‐day mortality or the in‐hospital course. Therefore, there is a still vivid interest in finding alternate re‐purposed drugs and nutrition supplements, which can halt or slow the disease severity. We review here the multiple preclinical studies, partially supported by clinical evidence showing the quercetin's possible therapeutic/prophylaxis efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) as well as comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, obesity, coagulopathy, and hypertension. Currently, 14 interventional clinical trials are underway assessing the efficacy of quercetin along with other antiviral drugs/nutritional supplements as prophylaxis/treatment option against COVID‐19. The present review is tempting to suggest that, based on circumstantial scientific evidence and preliminary clinical data, the flavonoid quercetin can ameliorate COVID‐19 infection and symptoms acting in concert on two parallel and independent paths: inhibiting key factors responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and mitigating the clinical manifestations of the disease in patients with comorbid conditions. Despite the broad therapeutic properties of quercetin, further high power randomized clinical trials are needed to firmly establish its clinical efficacy against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pawar
- Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Ambala, India
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Kalyani, India
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Zhou X, Zhu J, Xu T. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with hypertension on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:656-660. [PMID: 32404011 PMCID: PMC7232880 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1764018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. The current study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 complicated by hypertension. In this retrospective, single-center study, we recruited 110 discharged patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 25 to February 20, 2020. All study cases were grouped according to whether they had a history of hypertension. Then, a subgroup analysis for all hypertensive patients was carried out based on whether to take ACEI or ARB drugs. The mean age of 110 patients was 57.7 years (range, 25-86 years), of which 60 (54.5%) were male patients. The main underlying diseases included hypertension [36 (32.7%)] and diabetes [11 (10.0%)]. Compared with the non-hypertensive group, the lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (average value, 0.96 × 109/L vs 1.26 × 109/L), and analysis of clinical outcomes showed that the crude mortality rate was higher in the hypertensive group [7/36 (19.4%) vs 2/74 (2.7%)]. Patients treated with ACEI or ARB, compared with the control group, were younger (average age, 58.5 years vs 69.2 years), but there was no statistical difference in the crude cure rate [10/15 (66.7%) vs 15/21 (71.4%)] and the crude mortality rate [2/15 (13.3%) vs 5/21 (23.8%)]. In conclusions, the COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension had a significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission. The elderly and comorbidities such as hypertension may together constitute risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Taking ACEI or ARB drugs may not change the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingkang Zhu
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Peterson SJ, Dave N, Kothari J. The Effects of Heme Oxygenase Upregulation on Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1061-1070. [PMID: 31880952 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Obesity is a chronic condition that is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress with consequent cardiovascular complications of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and vascular dysfunction. Obesity-induced metabolic syndrome remains an epidemic of global proportions. Recent Advances: Gene targeting of the endothelium with a retrovirus using an endothelium-specific promoter vascular endothelium cadherin (VECAD)-HO-1 offers a potential long-term solution to adiposity by targeting the endothelium. This has resulted in improvements of both vascular function and adiposity attenuation. Critical Issues: Heme oxygenase plays an ever-increasing role in the understanding of human biology in the complex conditions of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) system creates biliverdin/bilirubin, which functions as an antioxidant, and carbon monoxide, which has antiapoptotic properties. Future Directions: Upregulation of HO-1 has been shown to improve adiposity as well as vascular function in both animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Niel Dave
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Janish Kothari
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
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Drummond HA, Mitchell ZL, Abraham NG, Stec DE. Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060181. [PMID: 31216709 PMCID: PMC6617021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. It is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in all organs of the cardiovascular system. From the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to the adaptive response to end-organ injury, HO plays a critical role in the ability of the cardiovascular system to respond and adapt to changes in homeostasis. There have been great advances in our understanding of the role of HO in the regulation of blood pressure and target organ injury in the last decade. Results from these studies demonstrate that targeting of the HO system could provide novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of several cardiovascular and renal diseases. The goal of this review is to highlight the important role of HO in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function and protection from disease and to highlight areas in which targeting of the HO system needs to be translated to help benefit patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
| | - Zachary L Mitchell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Vahalla, NY 10595, USA.
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, VA 25701, USA.
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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