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Ferigollo A, Chemello D, Pavão TP, Saffi MAL, Dos Santos Stein C, Moresco RN, de Souza LS, Moreira CHC, Signori LU, Chagas P. Anthropometric measurements and their association with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000617. [PMID: 37249452 PMCID: PMC10665052 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2, low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariélen Ferigollo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Diego Chemello
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Tábata Pereira Pavão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Carolina Dos Santos Stein
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucas Silva de Souza
- Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Divisão de Periodontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luis Ulisses Signori
- Departamento de Fisioterapia e Reabilitação, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento e Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Chagas
- Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil,
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Akins JD, Martin ZT, Patik JC, Curtis BM, Campbell JC, Olvera G, Brothers RM. Young, non-hispanic black men and women exhibit divergent peripheral and cerebral vascular reactivity. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:450-461. [PMID: 35344241 PMCID: PMC9058228 DOI: 10.1113/ep090168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of the study? Does peripheral and cerebral vascular function differ in young, non-Hispanic Black men and women? What is the main finding and its importance? The non-Hispanic, Black women in this study presented greater peripheral conduit artery and cerebrovascular reactivity, yet similar peripheral microvascular function relative to the non-Hispanic, Black men. These preliminary findings suggest that young, Black women and men possess divergent vascular function, possibly contributing to the unique non-Hispanic Black sex differences in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. ABSTRACT In the U.S., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain more prominent in the non-Hispanic Black (BL) population relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Typically, sex differences emerge in the manifestation of these diseases, though these differences may not fully materialize in the BL population. While numerous mechanisms are implicated, differences in vascular function likely contribute. Research has demonstrated blunted vasodilation in several vascular regions in BL versus non-Hispanic White individuals, though much of this work did not assess sex differences. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain if indices of vascular function are different between young, BL women (BW) and men (BM). Eleven BW and 15 BM (22 (4) vs. 23 (3) y) participated in this study. Each participant underwent testing for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (RH), and cerebral vasomotor reactivity during rebreathing-induced hypercapnia. BW exhibited greater adjusted FMD than BM (P < 0.05 for all), but similar or lower RH when assessed as blood velocity (P > 0.39 for all) or blood flow reactivity (P < 0.05 for all), respectively. Across a range of hypercapnia, BW had greater middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebrovascular conductance index than BM (P < 0.001 for both). These preliminary data suggest that young, BW have greater vascular function relative to young, BM, though this was inconsistent across different indices. These findings provide insight into the divergent epidemiological findings between BM and BW. Further research is needed to elucidate possible mechanisms and relate these physiological responses to epidemiological observations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Akins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Zachary T Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jordan C Patik
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryon M Curtis
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremiah C Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Guillermo Olvera
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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3
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Kidambi S, Pan X, Yang C, Liu P, Roberts ML, Li Y, Wang T, Laud PW, Liu Y, Rubens M, Thomas R, Widlansky ME, Beyer AM, Liu Y, Cowley AW, Kotchen TA, Munyura Y, Moosreiner A, Mattson DL, Liang M. Dietary Sodium Restriction Results in Tissue-Specific Changes in DNA Methylation in Humans. Hypertension 2021; 78:434-446. [PMID: 34120454 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.17351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Kidambi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.K., M.R., R.T., T.A.K., Y.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, China (X.P.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (P.L., Yi Liu)
| | - Michelle L Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (Y. Li)
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity (T.W., P.W.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Purushottam W Laud
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity (T.W., P.W.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Yi Liu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (P.L., Yi Liu)
| | - Merrill Rubens
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.K., M.R., R.T., T.A.K., Y.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Richard Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.K., M.R., R.T., T.A.K., Y.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine (M.E.W., A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine (M.E.W., A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Theodore A Kotchen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.K., M.R., R.T., T.A.K., Y.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Yannick Munyura
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.K., M.R., R.T., T.A.K., Y.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andrea Moosreiner
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (A.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (D.L.M.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Center of Systems Molecular Medicine (X.P., C.Y., P.L., M.L.R., Y. Li, A.M.B., Yong Liu, A.W.C., D.L.M., M.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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4
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Stupin A, Stupin M, Baric L, Matic A, Kolar L, Drenjancevic I. Sex-related differences in forearm skin microvascular reactivity of young healthy subjects. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 72:339-351. [PMID: 31006670 DOI: 10.3233/ch-180483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess sex-related differences in forearm skin microvascular reactivity to vascular occlusion and cardiovascular health in young healthy women and men. METHODS 203 young healthy individuals (67 men/136 women) participated in this study. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in skin microcirculation following 1', 2' and 3' vascular occlusion period was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure, heart rate and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. Correlations between PORH and measured parameters were determined by using corresponding tests. RESULTS Women had significantly higher forearm PORH following 1', 2' and 3' vascular occlusion than men. Women had lower body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, but higher fat mass than men. Men had significantly higher blood pressure and lower heart rate than women. Also, women had lower hemoglobin, urea, creatinine and serum uric acid, but higher HDL cholesterol level than men. PORH was negatively associated with waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure only in women. CONCLUSIONS Young healthy women exhibit higher skin microvascular reactivity to vascular occlusion compared to age-matched men. Increased systolic blood pressure or central obesity (waist-to-hip ratio) may pose greater risk to young healthy women than men by adversely affecting peripheral microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Baric
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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5
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Taylor LE, Ramirez LA, Musall JB, Sullivan JC. Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity- and high-fat diet-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4226-4242. [PMID: 31271650 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age-matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high-fat diet (HFD)- or obesity-induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lindsey A Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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6
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Cintra RMR, Soares AAS, Breder I, Munhoz DB, Barreto J, Kimura-Medorima ST, Cavalcante P, Zanchetta R, Breder JC, Moreira C, Virginio VW, Bonilha I, Lima-Junior JC, Coelho-Filho OR, Wolf VLW, Guerra-Junior G, Oliveira DC, Haeitmann R, Fernandes VHR, Nadruz W, Chaves FRP, Arieta CEL, Quinaglia T, Sposito AC. Assessment of dapagliflozin effect on diabetic endothelial dysfunction of brachial artery (ADDENDA-BHS2 trial): rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 31384310 PMCID: PMC6668143 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that favor both atherogenesis and ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Sodium-glucose-2 co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) may hypothetically improve microvascular and macrovascular functions via a broad spectrum of mechanisms, being superior to traditional antidiabetic therapy such as sulfonylurea, even in subjects under equivalent glycemic control. Hence, the present clinical trial was designed to compare the effect of these two treatments on markers of arterial wall function and inflammation in T2DM patients as well as on the potential mediating parameters. METHOD AND RESULTS ADDENDA-BHS2 is a prospective, single-center, active-controlled, open, randomized trial. Ninety-eight participants (40-70 years old) with HbA1c 7-9% were randomized (1:1, stratified by gender, BMI and HbA1c levels) to either dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or glibenclamide 5 mg/day on top of metformin. The primary endpoint was the change of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after a 12-week period of treatment evaluated at rest and after IRI between dapagliflozin and glibenclamide arms. Secondary outcomes were defined as the difference between treatments regarding: plasma nitric oxide (NO) change after FMD, plasma isoprostane, plasma levels of vascular inflammatory markers and systemic inflammatory markers, plasma levels of adipokines, anthropometric measures, glucose control parameters, office and ambulatory BP control. Safety endpoints were defined as systolic and diastolic function assessed by echocardiography and retinopathy change. Serious adverse events were recorded. The study protocol was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee. CONCLUSION The ADDENDA-BHS2 trial is an investigator-initiated clinical trial comparing the effect of dapagliflozin versus glibenclamide on several aspects of vascular function in high cardiovascular risk T2DM patients. Besides, a large clinical and biochemical phenotype assessment will be obtained for exploring potential mediations and associations.Trial registration Clinical trial registration: NCT02919345 (September, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riobaldo M. R. Cintra
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. S. Soares
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Ikaro Breder
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Daniel B. Munhoz
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Joaquim Barreto
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Sheila T. Kimura-Medorima
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Pamela Cavalcante
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Renata Zanchetta
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Jessica Cunha Breder
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Camila Moreira
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Vitor W. Virginio
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Lima-Junior
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Otavio R. Coelho-Filho
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Vaneza L. W. Wolf
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Junior
- Growth and Body Composition Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Oliveira
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Haeitmann
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Vicente H. R. Fernandes
- Growth and Body Composition Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Fernando R. P. Chaves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos E. L. Arieta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago Quinaglia
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971 Brazil
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Owei I, Umekwe N, Mohamed H, Ebenibo S, Wan J, Dagogo-Jack S. Ethnic Disparities in Endothelial Function and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:94. [PMID: 29593654 PMCID: PMC5859032 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial function (EF) reflects the balance between vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive factors produced by (or acting on) the innermost lining of blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction, an imbalance between these factors that favors vasoconstriction, has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of race/ethnicity and glycemic status on association between EF and cardiovascular risk factors remain to be clarified. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We assessed EF in relation to glycemia and cardiometabolic profile in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who are participants in the prospective pathobiology and reversibility of prediabetes in a biracial cohort (PROP-ABC) study. Assessments at enrollment included a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood pressure, anthropometry, body composition (DEXA), and lipid profile. Other assessments were insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure. EF was measured using flow-mediated vasodilation (EndoPAT 2000) and expressed as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). RESULTS We studied 190 subjects (100 AA, 90 C), mean age (±SD) 53.1 ± 9.1 years, and body mass index 30.6 ± 6.8 kg/m2. Based on OGTT data, 96 subjects (52 AA, 44 EA) had prediabetes and 94 subjects were normoglycemic (48 AA and 46 EA). The RHI was lower in AA than EA (2.17 ± 0.55 vs. 2.36 ± 0.72, P = 0.05) and in prediabetic than normoglycemic subjects (2.14 ± 0.62 vs. 2.38 ± 0.65, P = 0.013). Using RHI ≤ 1.68 as diagnostic cut-off, 19% of participants with prediabetes and 10% of normoglycemic participants had endothelial dysfunction (P = 0.04). In univariate models, RHI was positively associated with age and HDL cholesterol levels, and inversely associated with adiposity, diastolic blood pressure, and 2hr plasma glucose. The association between RHI and adiposity was stronger in men than women. The association between RHI and age, glucose and HDL cholesterol displayed marked ethnic disparities. CONCLUSION In our biracial cohort comprising offspring of parents with T2D, prediabetes increased the risk of endothelial dysfunction. However, the association between EF and cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly modified by ethnicity and gender. Our findings support current understanding of endothelial dysfunction as an early sensitive indicator of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiye Owei
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nkiru Umekwe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hanan Mohamed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sotonte Ebenibo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jim Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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