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Delavari S, Rasouli SE, Fekrvand S, Chavoshzade Z, Mahdaviani SA, Shirmast P, Sharafian S, Sherkat R, Momen T, Aleyasin S, Ahanchian H, Sadeghi-Shabestari M, Esmaeilzadeh H, Barzamini S, Tarighatmonfared F, Salehi H, Esmaeili M, Marzani Z, Fathi N, Abolnezhadian F, Rad MK, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Shirkani A, Bagheri Z, Salami F, Shad TM, Marzbali MY, Mojtahedi H, Razavi A, Tavakolinia N, Cheraghi T, Tavakol M, Shafiei A, Behniafard N, Ebrahimi SS, Sepahi N, Ghaneimoghadam A, Rezaei A, Kalantari A, Abolhassani H, Rezaei N. Clinical heterogeneity in families with multiple cases of inborn errors of immunity. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109896. [PMID: 38184287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a diverse range of genetic immune system illnesses affecting the innate and/or adaptive immune systems. Variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance have been reported in IEI patients with similar clinical diagnoses or even the same genetic mutation. METHODS Among all recorded patients in the national IEI registry, 193 families with multiple cases have been recognized. Clinical, laboratory and genetic variability were compared between 451 patients with different IEI entities. RESULTS The diagnosis of the first children led to the earlier diagnosis, lower diagnostic delay, timely treatment and improved survival in the second children in the majority of IEI. The highest discordance in familial lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity and malignancy were respectively observed in STK4 deficiency, DNMT3B deficiency and ATM deficiency. Regarding immunological heterogeneity within a unique family with multiple cases of IEI, the highest discordance in CD3+, CD4+, CD19+, IgM and IgA levels was observed in syndromic combined immunodeficiencies (CID), while non-syndromic CID particularly severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) manifested the highest discordance in IgG levels. Identification of the first ATM-deficient patient can lead to improved care and better survival in the next IEI children from the same family. CONCLUSION Intrafamilial heterogeneity in immunological and/or clinical features could be observed in families with multiple cases of IEI indicating the indisputable role of appropriate treatment and preventive environmental factors besides specific gene mutations in the variable observed penetrance or expressivity of the disease. This also emphasizes the importance of implementing genetic evaluation in all members of a family with a history of IEI even if there is no suspicion of an underlying IEI as other factors besides the underlying genetic defects might cause a milder phenotype or delay in presentation of clinical features. Thus, affected patients could be timely diagnosed and treated, and their quality of life and survival would improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Erfan Rasouli
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Chavoshzade
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Shirmast
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Samin Sharafian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tooba Momen
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute of Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Aleyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahanchian
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Sahar Barzamini
- Department of Rheumatology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Tarighatmonfared
- Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Salehi
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Esmaeili
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Marzani
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Fathi
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Kianmanesh Rad
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Afshin Shirkani
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Bagheri
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Salami
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Moeini Shad
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yousefpour Marzbali
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mojtahedi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadehsadat Razavi
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taher Cheraghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 17 Shahrivar Children's Hospital, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marzieh Tavakol
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Shafiei
- Department of Immunology, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Behniafard
- Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sare Sadat Ebrahimi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sepahi
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Arezou Rezaei
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Kalantari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Maskan Bermudez N, Sa B, Maderal AD, Jimenez JJ. Epigenetic mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14986. [PMID: 38059632 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune connective tissue disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and dermatomyositis (DM), often manifest with debilitating cutaneous lesions and can result in systemic organ damage that may be life-threatening. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, many patients still experience low rates of sustained remission and significant treatment toxicity. While genetic predisposition plays a role in these connective tissue disorders, the relatively low concordance rates among monozygotic twins (ranging from approximately 4% for SSc to about 11%-50% for SLE) have prompted increased scrutiny of the epigenetic factors contributing to these diseases. In this review, we explore some seminal studies and key findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of how dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to the development of SLE, SSc and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhang
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Narges Maskan Bermudez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brianna Sa
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea D Maderal
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joaquin J Jimenez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Guo J, Zhang H, Lin W, Lu L, Su J, Chen X. Signaling pathways and targeted therapies for psoriasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:437. [PMID: 38008779 PMCID: PMC10679229 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease with a high burden on individuals, health systems, and society worldwide. With the immunological pathologies and pathogenesis of psoriasis becoming gradually revealed, the therapeutic approaches for this disease have gained revolutionary progress. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of less common forms of psoriasis remain elusive. Furthermore, severe adverse effects and the recurrence of disease upon treatment cessation should be noted and addressed during the treatment, which, however, has been rarely explored with the integration of preliminary findings. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind psoriasis pathogenesis, which might offer new insights for research and lead to more substantive progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for psoriasis treatment. In this review, we looked to briefly introduce the epidemiology, clinical subtypes, pathophysiology, and comorbidities of psoriasis and systematically discuss the signaling pathways involving extracellular cytokines and intracellular transmission, as well as the cross-talk between them. In the discussion, we also paid more attention to the potential metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms of psoriasis and the molecular mechanistic cascades related to its comorbidities. This review also outlined current treatment for psoriasis, especially targeted therapies and novel therapeutic strategies, as well as the potential mechanism of disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenrui Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Mateu-Arrom L, Puig L. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Psoriasis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1619. [PMID: 37628670 PMCID: PMC10454222 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a disease involving the innate and adaptative components of the immune system, and it is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. However, its physiopathology is not fully understood yet. Recent technological advances, especially in genome and epigenome-wide studies, have provided a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to determine the physiopathology of psoriasis and facilitate the development of new drugs. This review intends to summarize the current evidence on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:43-57. [PMID: 36811762 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune-related skin diseases are a group of disorders with diverse etiology and pathophysiology involved in autoimmunity. Genetics and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these autoimmune disorders. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are poorly understood, environmental variables that induce aberrant epigenetic regulations may provide some insights. Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences. The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the function of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune-related skin disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous skin diseases, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the possible clinical applications of precision epigenetics approaches.
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Designing Studies for Epigenetic Biomarker Development in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 3:103-110. [PMID: 36788968 PMCID: PMC9895872 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In just a few years, the number of epigenetic studies in autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory diseases has greatly increased. This is in part due to the need of identifying additional determinants to genetics to explain the pathogenesis and development of these disorders. In this regard, epigenetics provides potential mechanisms that determine gene function, are linked to environmental factors, and could explain a wide range of phenotypic variability among patients with these diseases. Despite the high interest and number of studies describing epigenetic alterations under these conditions and exploring their relationship to various clinical aspects, few of the proposed biomarkers have yet reached clinical practice. The potential of epigenetic markers is high, as these alterations link measurable features with a number of biological traits. In the present article, we present published studies in the field, discuss some frequent limitations in the existing research, and propose a number of considerations that should be taken into account by those starting new projects in the field, with an aim to generate biomarkers that could make it into the clinics.
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Carratto TMT, Moraes VMS, Recalde TSF, Oliveira MLGD, Teixeira Mendes-Junior C. Applications of massively parallel sequencing in forensic genetics. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220077. [PMID: 36121926 PMCID: PMC9514793 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing, also referred to as next-generation sequencing, has positively changed DNA analysis, allowing further advances in genetics. Its capability of dealing with low quantity/damaged samples makes it an interesting instrument for forensics. The main advantage of MPS is the possibility of analyzing simultaneously thousands of genetic markers, generating high-resolution data. Its detailed sequence information allowed the discovery of variations in core forensic short tandem repeat loci, as well as the identification of previous unknown polymorphisms. Furthermore, different types of markers can be sequenced in a single run, enabling the emergence of DIP-STRs, SNP-STR haplotypes, and microhaplotypes, which can be very useful in mixture deconvolution cases. In addition, the multiplex analysis of different single nucleotide polymorphisms can provide valuable information about identity, biogeographic ancestry, paternity, or phenotype. DNA methylation patterns, mitochondrial DNA, mRNA, and microRNA profiling can also be analyzed for different purposes, such as age inference, maternal lineage analysis, body-fluid identification, and monozygotic twin discrimination. MPS technology also empowers the study of metagenomics, which analyzes genetic material from a microbial community to obtain information about individual identification, post-mortem interval estimation, geolocation inference, and substrate analysis. This review aims to discuss the main applications of MPS in forensic genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thássia Mayra Telles Carratto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Matheus Soares Moraes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Teixeira Mendes-Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Baxter S, Van Gelder RN, Cheung JC, Basiaga ML. Simultaneous presentation of idiopathic uveitis in monozygotic 4-year-old twin boys. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 27:101666. [PMID: 35880208 PMCID: PMC9307958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report monozygotic twin 4-year-old boys with chronic bilateral anterior uveitis with simultaneous onset. Observations Here we report monozygotic twin 4-year-old boys with chronic bilateral anterior uveitis. The boys had simultaneous onset of uveitis and identical features. Evaluation, including whole exome sequencing (WES), failed to reveal a specific causative etiology. Each patient responded well to immune modulation and achieved uveitis remission on methotrexate monotherapy off topical glucocorticoids. Conclusions and Importance From this case of monozygotic twin boys presenting with chronic uveitis, we conclude that monozygotic twins may warrant evaluation in the setting of idiopathic uveitis, especially in young patients unable to express an adequate history.
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Consonni F, Gambineri E, Favre C. ALPS, FAS, and beyond: from inborn errors of immunity to acquired immunodeficiencies. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:469-484. [PMID: 35059842 PMCID: PMC8810460 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a primary immune regulatory disorder characterized by benign or malignant lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Classically, ALPS is due to mutations in FAS and other related genes; however, recent research revealed that other genes could be responsible for similar clinical features. Therefore, ALPS classification and diagnostic criteria have changed over time, and several ALPS-like disorders have been recently identified. Moreover, mutations in FAS often show an incomplete penetrance, and certain genotypes have been associated to a dominant or recessive inheritance pattern. FAS mutations may also be acquired or could become pathogenic when associated to variants in other genes, delineating a possible digenic type of inheritance. Intriguingly, variants in FAS and increased TCR αβ double-negative T cells (DNTs, a hallmark of ALPS) have been identified in multifactorial autoimmune diseases, while FAS itself could play a potential role in carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that alterations of FAS-mediated apoptosis could trespass the universe of inborn errors of immunity and that somatic mutations leading to ALPS could only be the tip of the iceberg of acquired immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Consonni
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambineri
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, BMT Unit, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudio Favre
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, BMT Unit, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Nelson HA, Joshi HR, Straseski JA. Mistaken Identity: The Role of Autoantibodies in Endocrine Disease. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:206-220. [PMID: 34996091 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune endocrine diseases can be thought of as a case of mistaken identity. The immune system mistakenly attacks one's own cells, as if they were foreign, which typically results in endocrine gland hypofunction and inadequate hormone production. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disorders (Hashimoto and Graves diseases) are the most common autoimmune endocrine disorders, while conditions such as Addison disease are encountered less frequently. Autoantibody production can precede clinical presentation, and their measurement may aid verification of an autoimmune process and guide appropriate treatment modalities. CONTENT In this review, we discuss type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and Addison disease, emphasizing their associated autoantibodies and methods for clinical detection. We will also discuss efforts to standardize measurement of autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune endocrine disease progression may take months to years and detection of associated autoantibodies may precede clinical onset of disease. Although detection of autoantibodies is not necessary for diagnosis, they may be useful to verify an autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hemant R Joshi
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joely A Straseski
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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MBD2 acts as a repressor to maintain the homeostasis of the Th1 program in type 1 diabetes by regulating the STAT1-IFN-γ axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:218-229. [PMID: 34420035 PMCID: PMC8738722 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2) interprets DNA methylome-encoded information through binding to the methylated CpG DNA, by which it regulates target gene expression at the transcriptional level. Although derailed DNA methylation has long been recognized to trigger or promote autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the exact role of MBD2 in T1D pathogenesis, however, remains poorly defined. Herein, we generated an Mbd2 knockout model in the NOD background and found that Mbd2 deficiency exacerbated the development of spontaneous T1D in NOD mice. Adoptive transfer of Mbd2-/- CD4 T cells into NOD.scid mice further confirmed the observation. Mechanistically, Th1 stimulation rendered the Stat1 promoter to undergo a DNA methylation turnover featured by the changes of DNA methylation levels or patterns along with the induction of MBD2 expression, which then bound to the methylated CpG DNA within the Stat1 promoter, by which MBD2 maintains the homeostasis of Th1 program to prevent autoimmunity. As a result, ectopic MBD2 expression alleviated CD4 T cell diabetogenicity following their adoptive transfer into NOD.scid mice. Collectively, our data suggest that MBD2 could be a viable target to develop epigenetic-based therapeutics against T1D in clinical settings.
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Chen J, Qu W, Sun L, Chen J, Kong W, Wang F, Pan W, Liu L, Wu M, Ding F, Hu H, Ding X, Wei H, Zou Y, Qian X, Wang M, Wu J, Tao J, Tan J, Da Z, Zhang M, Li J, Liang J, Feng X, Geng L, Sun L. The relationship of polluted air and drinking water sources with the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a provincial population-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18591. [PMID: 34545152 PMCID: PMC8452734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures interact with genetic factors has been thought to influence susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. To evaluate the effects of environmental exposures on SLE, we conducted a population-based cohort study across Jiangsu Province, China, to examine the associations between the living environment including air and water pollution, population density, economic income level, etc. and the prevalence and mortality of hospitalized SLE (h-SLE) patients. A total of 2231 h-SLE patients were retrieved from a longitudinal SLE database collected by the Jiangsu Lupus Collaborative Group from 1999 to 2009. The results showed that: It existed regional differences on the prevalence of h-SLE patients in 96 administrative districts; The distribution of NO2 air concentration monitored by atmospheric remote sensors showed that three of the ultra-high-prevalence districts were located in the concentrated chemical industry emission area; h-SLE patient prevalence was positively correlated with the excessive levels of nitrogen in drinking water; The positive ratio of pericarditis and proteinuria was positively correlated with the prevalence of h-SLE patients and pollution not only induced a high h-SLE patient prevalence but also a higher mortality rate, which might be attributed to NOx pollution in the air and drinking water. In summary, our data suggested that NOx in air and drinking water may be one of the important predispositions of SLE, especially for patients with renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Qu
- School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenyou Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fuwan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Huaixia Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Qian
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Rheumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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13
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Schamschula E, Lahnsteiner A, Assenov Y, Hagmann W, Zaborsky N, Wiederstein M, Strobl A, Stanke F, Muley T, Plass C, Tümmler B, Risch A. Disease-related blood-based differential methylation in cystic fibrosis and its representation in lung cancer revealed a regulatory locus in PKP3 in lung epithelial cells. Epigenetics 2021; 17:837-860. [PMID: 34415821 PMCID: PMC9423854 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1959976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease, characterized by massive chronic lung inflammation. The observed variability in clinical phenotypes in monozygotic CF twins is likely associated with the extent of inflammation. This study sought to investigate inflammation-related aberrant DNA methylation in CF twins and to determine to what extent acquired methylation changes may be associated with lung cancer. Blood-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed to compare the DNA methylomes of monozygotic twins, from the European CF Twin and Sibling Study with various degrees of disease severity. Putatively inflammation-related and differentially methylated positions were selected from a large lung cancer case-control study and investigated in blood by targeted bisulphite next-generation-sequencing. An inflammation-related locus located in the Plakophilin-3 (PKP3) gene was functionally analysed regarding promoter and enhancer activity in presence and absence of methylation using luciferase reporter assays. We confirmed in a unique cohort that monozygotic twins, even if clinically discordant, have only minor differences in global DNA methylation patterns and blood cell composition. Further, we determined the most differentially methylated positions, a high proportion of which are blood cell-type-specific, whereas others may be acquired and thus have potential relevance in the context of inflammation as lung cancer risk factors. We identified a sequence in the gene body of PKP3 which is hypermethylated in blood from CF twins with severe phenotype and highly variably methylated in lung cancer patients and controls, independent of known clinical parameters, and showed that this region exhibits methylation-dependent promoter activity in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hagmann
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Anna Strobl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frauke Stanke
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Asgarzade A, Ziyabakhsh A, Asghariazar V, Safarzadeh E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Important communicators in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and its potential therapeutic significance. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:782-790. [PMID: 34272089 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a recognized chronic condition associated with immune system disorders that affect women nine times more commonly than men. SLE is characterized by over-secretion and release of autoantibodies in response to different cellular compartments and self-tolerance breaks to its own antigens. The detailed immunological dysregulation as an associated event that elicits the onset of clinical manifestations of SLE has not been clarified yet. Though, research using several animal models in the last two decades has indicated the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as heterogeneous myeloid cells, are responsible for severe pathological conditions, including infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, by exerting considerable immunosuppressive effects on T-cells responses. It has been reported that these cells are involved in the regulation process of the immune response in several autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE. The function of MDSC is deleterious in infection and cancer diseases, though their role is more complicated in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the role and function of MDSCs in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE and its possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asgarzade
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Ziyabakhsh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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15
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Angioni MM, Floris A, Cangemi I, Congia M, Chessa E, Orrù S, Piga M, Cauli A. Gene Expression Profiling of Monozygotic Twins Affected by Psoriatic Arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol 2021; 13:23-29. [PMID: 33692638 PMCID: PMC7939499 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s291391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a multifactorial disease, where the relative burden of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in clinical course and damage accrual is not yet definitively clarified. In clinical practice, there is a real need for useful candidate biomarkers in PsA diagnosis and disease progression, by exploring its underlying transcriptomic and epigenomic mechanisms. This work aims to profile the transcriptome in monozygotic (MZ) twins with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) highly concordant for clinical presentation, but discordant for the radiographic outcomes’ severity. Methods We describe i) the clinical case of two MZ twins; ii) their comparative gene expression profiling (HTA 2.0 Affymetrix) and iii) signal pathways and pathophysiological processes in which differentially expressed genes are involved (in silico analysis by the IPA software, QIAGEN). Results One hundred sixty-three transcripts and 36 coding genes (28 up and 8 down) were differentially expressed between twins, and in the brother with the most erosive form, the transcriptomic profiling highlights the overexpression of genes known to be involved in immunomodulatory processes and on a broad spectrum of PsA manifestations. Discussion Twins’ clinical cases are still a gold mine in medical research: twin brothers are ideal experimental models in estimating the relative importance of genetic versus nongenetic components as determinants of complex phenotypes, non-Mendelian and multifactorial diseases as PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Angioni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Floris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Ignazio Cangemi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Mattia Congia
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chessa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Clinic AOU, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
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16
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Brambila-Tapia AJL, Gutiérrez-García MM, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Vázquez-Vázquez D, Ramírez-Martínez JF, Macias-Islas MÁ, Mireles-Ramírez MA, De-Santos-Fonseca AD, Palomera-Chávez A, Meda-Lara RM. Using hypnoanalysis and guided imagery to identify and manage emotional aspects of multiple sclerosis. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:88-95. [PMID: 33132080 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no studies have used hypnosis to examine and manage the potential emotional causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the scientific field; therefore, we decided to compare the effectiveness of hypnoanalysis and guided imagery for determining and manage these emotional causes. METHODS Fifteen participants with severe MS were included and assigned into 2 groups: hypnoanalysis and guided imagery. In the hypnoanalysis group, the participants underwent 10 hypnotic sessions to understand events related to the cause of the disease, which were restructured (the events were modified by adding the psychological resources that each involved person needed); in addition, other techniques were used to investigate the causes and solutions according to the participants' unconscious. The guided imagery group received 10 group sessions of body relaxation and guided imagery, which were recorded for practice at home. Outcome measures, namely, disability (the Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), quality of life (QoL, measured with the SF-36) and number of relapses, were evaluated 4 months previous the intervention, at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months later. RESULTS Hypnoanalysis revealed that stressful events and psychoemotional maladaptive patterns acted as causal, detonating, or aggravating factors of disease, and psychoemotional changes were the most frequent and varied solutions. No changes were observed in disability between the two groups. The guided imagery group showed an improvement in 2 subscales of QoL when compared with the hypnoanalysis group (which disappeared at the follow-up); this difference is probably due to the increased number of sessions and probably due to psychoemotional maladaptive patterns being more frequently mentioned than difficult circumstances in life and/or unsolved past events. However, the techniques used in hypnoanalysis were effective in understanding the potential emotional causes of MS, which showed high intra- and inter-participant consistency. CONCLUSIONS The daily use of guided imagery overcame the restructuring of negative past events to improve QoL in patients with MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12618002024224 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, Guadalajara, Jalisco P.C. 44340, Mexico.
| | | | - Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - David Vázquez-Vázquez
- Centro Mexicano de Programación Neurolingüística (CMPNL), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Macias-Islas
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Dayanara De-Santos-Fonseca
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrés Palomera-Chávez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, Guadalajara, Jalisco P.C. 44340, Mexico
| | - Rosa Martha Meda-Lara
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada #950, Guadalajara, Jalisco P.C. 44340, Mexico
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17
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Al Theyab A, Almutairi T, Al-Suwaidi AM, Bendriss G, McVeigh C, Chaari A. Epigenetic Effects of Gut Metabolites: Exploring the Path of Dietary Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Nutr 2020; 7:563605. [PMID: 33072796 PMCID: PMC7541812 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.563605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased over the past half century and has now become the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood and one of major public health concern worldwide. Evidence suggests that modern lifestyles and rapid environmental changes are driving factors that underlie this increase. The integration of these two factors brings about changes in food intake. This, in turn, alters epigenetic regulations of the genome and intestinal microbiota composition, which may ultimately play a role in pathogenesis of T1D. Recent evidence shows that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is closely associated with T1D and that a dietary intervention can influence epigenetic changes associated with this disease and may modify gene expression patterns through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review focus on how a diet can shape the gut microbiome, its effect on the epigenome in T1D, and the future of T1D management by microbiome therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Blunk I, Thomsen H, Reinsch N, Mayer M, Försti A, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Hemminki K. Genomic imprinting analyses identify maternal effects as a cause of phenotypic variability in type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11562. [PMID: 32665606 PMCID: PMC7360775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes, giving rise to parent-of-origin effects (POEs), have been hypothesised to affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, maternal effects may also play a role. By using a mixed model that is able to simultaneously consider all kinds of POEs, the importance of POEs for the development of T1D and RA was investigated in a variance components analysis. The analysis was based on Swedish population-scale pedigree data. With P = 0.18 (T1D) and P = 0.26 (RA) imprinting variances were not significant. Explaining up to 19.00% (± 2.00%) and 15.00% (± 6.00%) of the phenotypic variance, the maternal environmental variance was significant for T1D (P = 1.60 × 10-24) and for RA (P = 0.02). For the first time, the existence of maternal genetic effects on RA was indicated, contributing up to 16.00% (± 3.00%) of the total variance. Environmental factors such as the social economic index, the number of offspring, birth year as well as their interactions with sex showed large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Blunk
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- GeneWerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Mayer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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19
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Xu Y, Doonan SR, Ordog T, Bailey RC. Translational Opportunities for Microfluidic Technologies to Enable Precision Epigenomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7989-7997. [PMID: 32496751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Personalizing health care by taking genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors into account is central to modern medicine. The crucial and pervasive roles epigenetic factors play in shaping gene-environment interactions are now well recognized. However, identifying robust epigenetic biomarkers and translating them to clinical tests has been difficult due in part to limitations of available platforms to detect epigenetic features genome-wide (epigenomic assays). This Feature introduces several important prospects for precision epigenomics, highlights capabilities and limitations of current laboratory technologies, and emphasizes opportunities for microfluidic tools to facilitate translation of epigenetic analyses to the clinic, with a particular focus on methods to profile gene-associated histone modifications and their impacts on chromatin structure and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Steven R Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Fioretto BS, Rosa I, Romano E, Wang Y, Guiducci S, Zhang G, Manetti M, Matucci-Cerinic M. The contribution of epigenetics to the pathogenesis and gender dimorphism of systemic sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20918456. [PMID: 32523636 PMCID: PMC7236401 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20918456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a life-threatening connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized by widespread vascular injury and dysfunction, impaired angiogenesis, immune dysregulation and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Over the past few years, a new trend of investigations is increasingly reporting aberrant epigenetic modifications in genes related to the pathogenesis of SSc, suggesting that, besides genetics, epigenetics may play a pivotal role in disease development and clinical manifestations. Like many other autoimmune diseases, SSc presents a striking female predominance, and even if the reason for this gender imbalance has yet to be completely understood, it appears that the X chromosome, which contains many gender and immune-related genes, could play a role in such gender-biased prevalence. Besides a short summary of the genetic background of SSc, in this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent insights into the epigenetic modifications which underlie the pathophysiology of SSc. A particular focus is given to genetic variations in genes located on the X chromosome as well as to the main X-linked epigenetic modifications that can influence SSc susceptibility and clinical phenotype. On the basis of the most recent advances, there is realistic hope that integrating epigenetic data with genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses may provide in the future a better picture of their functional implications in SSc, paving the right way for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC),Florence, Italy
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and
Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
| | - Yukai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,
Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
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21
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Zhang L, Wu H, Zhao M, Chang C, Lu Q. Clinical significance of miRNAs in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 109:102438. [PMID: 32184036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionally conserved, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by disrupting translation. MiRNAs are key players in variety of biological processes that regulate the differentiation, development and activation of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. The disruption and dysfunction of miRNAs can perturb the immune response, stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines and initiate the production of autoantibodies, and contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating studies demonstrate that miRNAs, which can be collected by noninvasive methods, have the potential to be developed as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, the discovery and validation of which is essential for the improvement of disease diagnosis and clinical monitoring. Recently, with the development of detection tools, such as microarrays and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), large amounts of miRNAs have been identified and suggest a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Several miRNAs associated diagnostic biomarkers have been developed and applied clinically, though the pharmaceutical industry is still facing challenges in commercialization and drug delivery. The development of miRNAs is less advanced for autoimmune diseases compared with cancer. However, drugs that target miRNAs have been introduced as candidates and adopted in clinical trials. This review comprehensively summarizes the differentially expressed miRNAs in several types of autoimmune diseases and discusses the role and the significance of miRNAs in clinical management. The study of miRNAs in autoimmunity promises to provide novel and broad diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for a clinical market that is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical, Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Zheng D, Fang Q, Zhong M. Aberrant hydroxymethylation of ANGPTL4 is associated with selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancies. Epigenetics 2020; 15:887-899. [PMID: 32114885 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1737355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) is a severe complication in monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies, and it carries increased risks of poor prognosis. Current data suggest that vascular anastomoses and unequal placental sharing may be the key contributor to discordant foetal growth. While MC twins derive from a single zygote and have almost identical genetic information, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. DNA hydroxymethylation is a newly discovered epigenetic feature associated with gene regulation and modification. Here, we investigate discordant hydroxymethylation patterns between two placental shares of sIUGR and analyse the potential role of aberrant hydroxymethylation of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in placental dysplasia. Hydroxymethylation DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP)-chip and mRNA sequencing were performed to identify hydroxymethylation-associated genes. Real-time qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm ANGPTL4 expression. The mechanisms regulating ANGPTL4 were investigated by cell migration assay, invasion assay, viability assay, and apoptotic ratio assays, western blotting and hMeDIP-qPCR. Decreased ANGPTL4 was detected in the smaller placental shares of sIUGR. ANGPTL4 knockdown suppressed trophoblast invasiveness and migration, which possibly occurred through hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1 signalling pathway. Hypoxia leads to aberrant expression of ANGPTL4 and HIF-1α, positively correlated with their aberrant hydroxymethylation levels in promoter regions. Aberrant hydroxymethylation of ANGPTL4 may contribute to placental impairment by the HIF-1 signalling pathway in smaller placental shares of sIUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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23
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Chen M, Li Q, Cao N, Deng Y, Li L, Zhao Q, Wu M, Ye M. Profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation reveals its role in a chronic DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Mol Omics 2020; 15:296-307. [PMID: 31147658 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In current dogma, pathogenesis of IBD is attributed to the dysregulated mucosal immune response to gut flora in genetically susceptible individuals, but the genetics evidence from GWAS studies so far is insufficient to explain the observed heritability in IBD. For this discordance, epigenetics has emerged to be one of the important causes. Recent studies have reported that histone acetylation is correlated with the development of IBD, whereas its role and underlying molecular mechanism in the disease still remain elusive. Here, we established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis model and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by NGS sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K27ac in the mice colon tissues to investigate whether H3K27ac is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation. We found that the global H3K27ac level and distribution in colon tissue had no significant difference after DSS treatment, while H3K27ac signals were significantly enriched in the typical-enhancers of the DSS group compared with the control. By combining with RNA-seq data (fold change >2), we identified 56 candidate genes as potential target genes for H3K27ac change upon DSS treatment. We further predicted transcription factors (TFs) involved in DSS-induced colitis according to the enhancers with increased H3K27ac. H3K27ac increase in special typical-enhancers in the DSS group is possibly related to the development of intestinal inflammation by up-regulating adjacent gene expression and shifting TF networks, which will provide new insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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24
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease, involving the rapid proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and activation of T cells. It is generally accepted that the central pathogenesis of psoriasis is a T cell-dominant immune disorder affected by multiple factors including genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, innate and adaptive immune responses, etc. However, the exact etiology is largely unknown. In recent years, epigenetic involvements, such as the DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNA regulation are reported to be critical for the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the interplay between these factors has only recently been started to be unraveled. Notably, inhibitors of enzymes that work in epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, are beginning to appear in the clinical setting to restore normal epigenetic patterns (Generali et al. in J Autoimmun 83:51-61, 2017), providing novel therapeutic potential as novel treatment targets for psoriasis. Indeed, medications previously used to treat autoimmune diseases have later been discovered to exert their action via epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the findings on epigenetics associated with psoriasis, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Cerna M. Epigenetic Regulation in Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010036. [PMID: 31861649 PMCID: PMC6981658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, a process in which autoreactive T cells play a pivotal role, and it is characterized by islet autoantibodies. Consequent hyperglycemia is requiring lifelong insulin replacement therapy. T1DM is caused by the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. The integrations of environments and genes occur via epigenetic regulations of the genome, which allow adaptation of organism to changing life conditions by alternation of gene expression. T1DM has increased several-fold over the past half century. Such a short time indicates involvement of environment factors and excludes genetic changes. This review summarizes the most current knowledge of epigenetic changes in that process leading to autoimmune diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cerna
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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26
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Competing endogenous network analysis identifies lncRNA Meg3 activates inflammatory damage in UVB induced murine skin lesion by sponging miR-93-5p/epiregulin axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10664-10683. [PMID: 31761787 PMCID: PMC6914409 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we obtained the RNA expression data of murine skin tissues of control, and UVB irradiated groups. After the re-annotation of lncRNAs, a gene expression similarity analysis was done by WGCNA. The target mRNA prediction of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed by five lncRNAs, 14 miRNAs and 54 mRNAs, respectively. Based on the ceRNA network of UVB-induced skin lesions, it was evident that the dysregulation of Meg3 has critical effects on the UVB-induced inflammatory lesion of murine skin tissues. The overexpression of Meg3 after UVB irradiation was observed in primary murine skin fibroblasts, and the up-regulated Meg3 expression was related to the activation of the inflammatory cytokines. These functional experiments demonstrated that the RNA silencing of Meg3 in murine skin fibroblasts could suppress the expression of the cytokines (in vitro) and UVB-induced skin lesions (in vivo). Moreover, the Meg3 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that acted as a sponge for miR-93-5p and thereby modulated the expression of Epiregulin (Ereg). Our results proved that Meg3 was involved in UVB-induced skin inflammation and that the ceRNA networks, which includes miR-93-5p and Ereg, could prove to be a potential therapeutic target for UVB-induced skin damage.
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27
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Mervis JS, McGee JS. DNA methylation and inflammatory skin diseases. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:461-466. [PMID: 31696298 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not originate from alternations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and gene silencing via the action of microRNAs. Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in many disease processes. In the field of dermatology, epigenetic regulation has been extensively explored as a pathologic mechanism in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), which has led to the successful development of epigenetic therapies for CTCL. In recent years, the potential role of epigenetic regulation in the pathogeneses of inflammatory skin diseases has gained greater appreciation. In particular, epigenetic changes in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have been increasingly studied, with DNA methylation the most rigorously investigated to date. In this review, we provide an overview of DNA methylation in inflammatory skin diseases with an emphasis on psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Mervis
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, J-505, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, J-505, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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28
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Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren's Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3030015. [PMID: 34968227 PMCID: PMC8594719 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can be classified as a model of generalized autoimmune epithelitis based on their frequent coexistence in clinical practice and the highly specific immune mediated injury of target epithelial cells. Both of these autoimmune diseases are characterized by female predominance, highly specific circulating autoantibodies, and immune-mediated destruction of the salivary and lachrymal glands and the biliary epithelial cells, respectively. Although the genetic predisposition has been well described for both diseases, genetic studies have failed to completely elucidate their pathogenesis. The recent integration of epigenetic data, analyzing the different cellular partners, opens new perspectives and allows for better understanding of these complex and still incurable diseases. Epigenetic studies on SjS have elucidated the role of DNA methylation alterations in disease pathogenesis, while epigenetic changes that influence expression of genes on the X chromosome have been implicated in the geo-variability and occurrence of PBC. The aim of this review is to describe the advances in epigenetics in the field of autoimmune epithelitis as well as to highlight how epigenetic changes could contribute to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression. These advances could yield insights on novel therapeutic interventions.
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29
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Boehler JF, Horn A, Novak JS, Li N, Ghimbovschi S, Lundberg IE, Alexanderson H, Alemo Munters L, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and role of harakiri in the pathogenesis of myositis. J Pathol 2019; 249:215-226. [PMID: 31135059 DOI: 10.1002/path.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of myositis is unknown. Although attempts to identify viruses in myositis skeletal muscle have failed, several studies have identified the presence of a viral signature in myositis patients. Here we postulate that in individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds, viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the pathological pathways leading to disease onset. To identify epigenetic changes, methylation profiling of Coxsackie B infected human myotubes and muscle biopsies from polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) patients were compared to changes in global transcript expression induced by in vitro Coxsackie B infection. Gene and protein expression analysis and live cell imaging were performed to examine the mechanisms. Analysis of methylation and gene expression changes identified that a mitochondria-localized activator of apoptosis - harakiri (HRK) - is upregulated in myositis skeletal muscle cells. Muscle cells with higher HRK expression have reduced mitochondrial potential and poor ability to repair from injury as compared to controls. In cells from myositis patient toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activates and sustains high HRK expression. Forced over expression of HRK in healthy muscle cells is sufficient to compromise their membrane repair ability. Endurance exercise that is associated with improved muscle and mitochondrial function in PM and DM patients decreased TLR7 and HRK expression identifying these as therapeutic targets. Increased HRK and TLR7 expression causes mitochondrial damage leading to poor myofiber repair, myofiber death and muscle weakness in myositis patients and exercise induced reduction of HRK and TLR7 expression in patients is associated with disease amelioration. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Horn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James S Novak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Alemo Munters
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital and Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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30
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Chang C, Tanaka A, Gershwin ME. Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases. J Dig Dis 2019; 20:327-330. [PMID: 31232533 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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31
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Hinohara K, Polyak K. Intratumoral Heterogeneity: More Than Just Mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:569-579. [PMID: 30987806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most human tumors are composed of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cell populations, which poses a major challenge for the clinical management of cancer patients. Advances of single-cell technologies have allowed the profiling of tumors at unprecedented depth, which, in combination with newly developed computational tools, enable the dissection of tumor evolution with increasing precision. However, our understanding of mechanisms that regulate intratumoral heterogeneity and our ability to modulate it has been lagging behind. Recent data demonstrate that epigenetic regulators, including histone demethylases, may control the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptomes and chromatin profiles and they may modulate therapeutic responses via this function. Thus, the therapeutic targeting of epigenetic enzymes may be used to decrease intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and treatment resistance, when used in combination with other types of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Epigenetic changes: An emerging potential pharmacological target in allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:76-83. [PMID: 30878818 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of epigenetics has increased due to identification of its role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including allergic rhinitis. Amongst the different epigenetic changes in allergic retinitis, deacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylase (HDACs), hypermethylation of DNA by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and alteration in post-transcriptional process by the changes in the levels of miRNA are widely studied. Studies conducted related to allergic rhinitis have shown the elevation in the levels of HDAC1, 3 and 11 in the nasal epithelia and HDAC inhibitors have shown effectiveness in decreasing the symptoms of rhinitis. Their beneficial effects are attributed to restoration of the expression of TWIK-related potassium channel-1, correction of cytokine profile along with normalization of Th1/Th2 imbalance. Another epigenetic change due to increase in DNMT activity may induce DNA hypermethylation in CpG sites in the airway epithelial cells and CD4+ T-cells. The reduction in DNA methylation decreases allergic symptoms and normalizes the over-reactive immune system. Mechanistically, allergens may promote the hypermethylation in the promoter region of IFN-γ gene in CD4+ T cells via activation of ERK pathway to decrease the expression of IFN-γ. In allergic rhinitis patients, there is also a downregulation of certain miRNAs including miR-135a, miR-146a, miR-181a, miR-155 and upregulation of miRNA19a. This review discusses the studies describing the epigenetic changes taking place in the host cells in response to allergen along with possible mechanisms.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a female predominant chronic autoimmune disease of the intrahepatic bile ducts and with a long latent period. It is crucial to understand how genetics contribute to the disease. RECENT FINDINGS Geo-epidemiological studies in PBC have provided evidence of familial risk; case-control studies and genome wide association studies have identified various human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA alleles that are associated with PBC. However, these alleles are non-PBC specific and most of the identified non-HLA loci were also found to be susceptible genes in other autoimmune diseases and different between study populations. SUMMARY Patients with PBC are often asymptomatic and often left undiagnosed. There are no known HLA and non-HLA alleles specific for PBC. Global effort and novel approaches such as epigenetics directed at identification of genetic risk factors will greatly facilitate accurate and timely diagnosis, which will improve prognosis and increase treatment options.
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34
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrant epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone marks, and noncoding RNA expression regulate the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. The present article will review the recent advances in the epigenetic profile of inflammatory arthritis and discuss diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Methylation signatures of fibroblast-like synoviocytes not only distinguish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), but also early RA from late RA or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methylation patterns are also specific to individual joint locations, which might explain the distribution of joint involvement in some rheumatic diseases. Hypomethylation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells is, in part, because of active demethylation and 5-hydroxymethylation. The methylation status of some genes in SLE is associated with disease severity and has potential as a diagnostic marker. An integrative analysis of OA methylome, transcriptome, and proteome in chondrocytes has identified multiple-evidence genes that might be evaluated for therapeutic potential. Class-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors are being evaluated for therapy in inflammatory arthritis. SUMMARY Disease pathogenesis is regulated by the interplay of genetics, environment, and epigenetics. Understanding how these mechanisms regulate cell function in health and disease has implications for individualized therapy.
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35
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General Principles of Immunotherapy in Neurological Diseases. CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19515-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Ajami M, Sadeghian MH, Soleimani M, Keramati MR, Ajami M, Anbarlou A, Atashi A. Comparison of miRNA Profiles of Cord Blood Stem Cells in Identical and Fraternal Twins. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 21:78-85. [PMID: 30507092 PMCID: PMC6275421 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The role of epigenetic in regulating of the gene expression profile the embryo has been documented. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs) are one of these epigenetic mechanisms. Twins are valuable models in determining the relative contributions
of genetics and the environment. In this study, we compared differences in the expression levels of 44 miRNAs in
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of identical twins to that of fraternal twins as a controls.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, CD133+ HSCs were isolated from cord blood of identical and
fraternal twins via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Variation in of gene expression levels of 44 miRNAs were
evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Results Significant differences in expression were observed in both fraternal and identical twins to varying degrees,
but variations alteration in expression of the miRNAs were higher in fraternal twins.
Conclusion Identical twins had a positive correlation in miRNA expression, while the correlation was not statistically
significant in fraternal twins. Altogether, more differences in miRNA expression level in fraternal twins can be attributed
to the both genetics and the intrauterine environment. The contribution of the intrauterine environment and genetics to
miRNAs expression in HSCs was estimated 8 and 92%, respectively. By comparing of miRNA expression in identical
and fraternal twins and identification of their target genes and biological pathways, it could be possible to estimate the
effects of genetics and the environment on a number of biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Ajami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ajami
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Anbarlou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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37
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Di Marco M, Ramassone A, Pagotto S, Anastasiadou E, Veronese A, Visone R. MicroRNAs in Autoimmunity and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103139. [PMID: 30322050 PMCID: PMC6213554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and hematological malignancies are often concomitant in patients. A causal bidirectional relationship exists between them. Loss of immunological tolerance with inappropriate activation of the immune system, likely due to environmental and genetic factors, can represent a breeding ground for the appearance of cancer cells and, on the other hand, blood cancers are characterized by imbalanced immune cell subsets that could support the development of the autoimmune clone. Considerable effort has been made for understanding the proteins that have a relevant role in both processes; however, literature advances demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) surface as the epigenetic regulators of those proteins and control networks linked to both autoimmunity and hematological malignancies. Here we review the most up-to-date findings regarding the miRNA-based molecular mechanisms that underpin autoimmunity and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Di Marco
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alice Ramassone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science (DMSI), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Rosa Visone
- Ageing Research Center and Translational medicine-CeSI-MeT, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Fang C, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang J, Cao Y, Yang Y, Yu C, Zhang X, Qian J, Liu W, Wu H, Yan J. MicroRNA profile analysis for discrimination of monozygotic twins using massively parallel sequencing and real-time PCR. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 38:23-31. [PMID: 30321748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In general, it is extremely problematic to discriminate between monozygotic twins (MZTs), who share the same genomic DNA sequence, using traditional DNA-based identification methods such as short tandem repeat profiling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have shown potential in forensic applications owing to their low molecular weight, abundant and tissue-specific expression. In this study, we utilized massively parallel sequencing technology to perform genome-wide profiling of miRNAs in the blood from four pairs of healthy MZTs. On average, 158 miRNAs were detected in each individual and 14% of which were differentially expressed within each pair of MZTs. The miRNAs with the most significant differences in expression between the twins were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results demonstrated that miRNAs have potential for use as molecular markers in MZTs discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100010, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Beijing Huayan Judicial Authentication Institute, Beijing 100192, PR China
| | - Yunwang Cao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yaran Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100010, PR China
| | - Chunrui Yu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Wenli Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Gene Sequencing and Gene Function Analysis, Beijing 100094, PR China; Beijing Gene Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094, PR China.
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100010, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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Tanaka A, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. The Genetics and Epigenetics of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22:443-455. [PMID: 30259846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Both genetic background and environmental factors contribute to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Recent innovative technologies, such as genome-wide association studies, identified a remarkable number of susceptible nonhuman leukocyte antigen genes contributing to the development of PBC; however, they are primarily indicators of active immunologic responses commonly involved in autoimmune reactions. Thus, recent studies have focused on epigenetic mechanisms that would link genetic predisposition and environmental triggering factors. In PBC, methylation profiling and altered X chromosome architecture have been intensively explored in conjunction with a striking female predominance. Further, microRNAs have been found to be associated with the etiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis 95616, CA
| | - Merrill Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis 95616, CA.
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Tanaka A, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME. Evolution of our understanding of PBC. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 34-35:3-9. [PMID: 30343708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of mitochondrial autoantigens recognized by antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) in 1987 marked the dawn of a new era in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) research. Since then, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of PBC partly bestowed by the development of innovative technologies in molecular biology, immunology, and genetics. Here, we review this evolutionary progress in understanding PBC. We now recognize that the epitopes of AMAs, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells are all mapped to the same region of the inner lipoyl domain of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit (PDC-E2), and that intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are exclusively targeted in PBC. BECs express PDC-E2 on apotopes in an immunologically intact form during apoptosis, but not other epithelial cells, which could explain the tissue specificity of PBC. In addition, genetic factors, environmental triggers, and epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in the development of PBC. Intact lipoylated PDC-E2, presumably after modification with xenobiotics such as 2-octynamide or 2-nonyamide that are abundantly present in the environment, is endocytosed by antigen-presenting cells and are presented to CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. An immune complex consisting of PDC-E2 and anti-PDC-E2 autoantibodies cross-present autoantigens in a more efficient manner. Finally, an adenylate uridine-rich element (ARE) Del -/- mouse model has been established, which presents a disease modeling human PBC, including female dominance as one of its most important features, and can be used to dissect the immunopathology of PBC. Expanding our knowledge of the pathology from a very early stage of the disease will provide the key to cure PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
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Selmi C, Bin Gao, Gershwin ME. The long and latent road to autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:543-546. [PMID: 29568115 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. .,Department BIOMETRA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:676-684. [PMID: 29375128 PMCID: PMC6123482 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
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Tanaka A, Leung PS, Gershwin ME. Environmental basis of primary biliary cholangitis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:184-189. [PMID: 29307284 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217748893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors, occurring in genetically susceptible hosts with environmental triggers. While genome-wide association studies have revealed a number of susceptible genes contributing to etiology, the environmental triggers remain poorly understood. Primary biliary cholangitis, formally known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is considered a model autoimmune disease for which our group has extensively evaluated environmental factors involved in its etiology. Bacterial infection and xenobiotics have been proposed as candidate environmental factors that may explain tolerance breakdown and production of primary biliary cholangitis-specific antimitochondrial autoantibodies. Large-scale case-control studies have consistently detected an association of primary biliary cholangitis with urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, as E. coli PDC-E2 is molecularly similar to human PDC-E2, the immunodominant target of AMAs. Another bacterium of interest is Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, a ubiquitous xenobiotic-metabolizing bacterium that produces lipoylated proteins, which are highly reactive with sera from primary biliary cholangitis patients. Regarding xenobiotics, case-control studies have suggested that frequent use of nail polish is associated with an increased susceptibility to primary biliary cholangitis. We found that 2-octynamide, the conjugate derived from 2-octynoic acid present in cosmetics, lipsticks, and some chewing gums, was unique in both its quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis and reactivity with primary biliary cholangitis sera. 2-nonyamide is another xenobiotic that also has the optimal chemical structure for xenobiotic modification of the PDC-E2 epitope, as demonstrated by the enhanced epitope recognition with AMA-positive PBC sera. Moreover, we found that C57BL/6 mice immunized with 2-octynoic acid-BSA possess many of the features characteristic to primary biliary cholangitis. Impact statement Autoimmunity is believed to develop in genetically susceptible hosts with triggers from the environment. Researchers have recently demonstrated that bacteria and xenobiotics commonly present in our environment are potential triggers of tolerance breakdown against autoantigens and autoimmunity, particularly in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The link between xenobiotics and PBC has been further confirmed with the establishment of PBC model mice by immunizing mice with xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- 1 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 1738606, Japan
| | - Patrick Sc Leung
- 2 Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- 2 Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Lleo A, Marzorati S, Anaya JM, Gershwin ME. Primary biliary cholangitis: a comprehensive overview. Hepatol Int 2017; 11:485-499. [PMID: 29164395 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-017-9830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by biliary destruction, progressive cholestasis, and potentially liver cirrhosis. Patients develop a well-orchestrated immune reaction, both innate and adaptive, against mitochondrial antigens that specifically targets intrahepatic biliary cells. A puzzling feature of PBC is that the immune attack is predominantly organ specific, although the mitochondrial autoantigens are found in all nucleated cells. The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors; however, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Serologically, PBC is characterized by presence of antimitochondrial antibodies, which are present in 90-95 % of patients and are often detectable years before clinical signs appear. Like other complex disorders, PBC is heterogeneous in its presentation, symptomatology, disease progression, and response to therapy. A significant number of patients develop end-stage liver disease and eventually require liver transplantation. Recent studies from large international cohorts have better identified prognostic factors, suggesting a change in patient management based on risk stratification. Therapeutic options are changing. In this review we discuss data on the autoimmune responses and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lleo
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Simona Marzorati
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME, Mainetti C. Skin Manifestations Associated with Autoimmune Liver Diseases: a Systematic Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:394-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetics is defined as mitotically heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter the DNA sequence. By implication, such epigenetic changes are non-genetically determined, although they can be affected by inherited genetic variation. Extensive evidence indicates that autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes are determined by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors. Much is known of the genetic causes of these diseases, but the non-genetic effects are less clear-cut. Further, it remains unclear how they interact to cause the destructive autoimmune process. This review identifies the key issues in the genetic/non-genetic interaction, examining the most recent evidence of the role of non-genetic effects in the disease process, including the impact of epigenetic effects on key pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research indicates that these pathways likely involve immune effector cells both of the innate and adaptive immune response. Specifically, there is evidence of cell type-specific enrichment in altered DNA methylation, changes which were temporally stable and enriched at gene regulatory elements. Epigenomics remains in its infancy, and we anticipate further studies will define how the interaction of genetic and non-genetic effects induces tissue-specific destruction and enhances our ability to predict, and possibly even modify that process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary N. Dang
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - R. David Leslie
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
- The Blizard Institute, London, UK
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone tails, and gene silencing mediated by non-coding RNA molecules, play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and might be seen as the result of environmental insults that trigger these conditions. Studies in cells and tissues of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and particularly in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are increasingly revealing altered epigenetic marks and resultant deregulation of gene expression levels, but the available data are still limited to be translated into the clinical settings. Particularly, genome-wide methylation and histone tail modification screenings are limited to a few studies in GD patients, and the diagnostic values of the observed epigenetic changes or their potential prognostic utility are still unclear. Similarly, data concerning microRNA expression in AITD patients are largely descriptive and not yet translated into the clinics. In addition, studies relating certain environmental exposures to specific epigenetic changes in AITD and studies evaluating the crosstalk between different epigenetic mechanisms are largely missing. In summary, despite that there is a clear evidence of epigenetic impairment in AITD, further research is required for a better understanding of the epigenetic networks involved in disease pathogenesis, thereby opening the way for potential diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as for epigenetic interventions in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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