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Isernhagen L, Galuska CE, Vernunft A, Galuska SP. Structural Characterization and Abundance of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Holstein Cows during Early Lactation. Foods 2024; 13:2484. [PMID: 39200411 PMCID: PMC11353935 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Among other bioactive molecules, milk contains high amounts of sialylated milk oligosaccharides (MOs) that influence numerous processes in the offspring. For instance, sialylated MOs inhibit the invasion of pathogens and positively influence the gut microbiome to support the optimal development of the offspring. For these reasons, sialylated MOs are also used in infant formula as well as food supplements and are potential therapeutic substances for humans and animals. Because of the high interest in sialylated bovine MOs (bMOs), we used several analytical approaches, such as gas and liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, to investigate in detail the profile of sialylated bMOs in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows during early lactation. Most of the 40 MOs identified in this study were sialylated, and a rapid decrease in all detected sialylated bMOs took place during the first day of lactation. Remarkably, we observed a high variance within the sialylation level during the first two days after calving. Therefore, our results suggest that the content of sialylated MOs might be an additional quality marker for the bioactivity of colostrum and transitional milk to ensure its optimized application for the production of milk replacer and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (L.I.); (A.V.)
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2
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Rapčan B, Hanić M, Plavša B, Šimunović J, Štambuk J, Vučković F, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Novokmet M, Lauc G, Razdorov G. Automated high throughput IgG N-glycosylation sample preparation method development on the Tecan Freedom EVO platform. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2024; 34:020708. [PMID: 38882586 PMCID: PMC11177659 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2024.020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glycomics, focusing on the role of glycans in biological processes, particularly their influence on the folding, stability and receptor interactions of glycoconjugates like antibodies, is vital for our understanding of biology. Changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation have been associated with various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Nevertheless, time-consuming manual sample preparation is one of the limitations in the glycomics diagnostic implementation. The study aimed to develop an automated method for sample preparation on the Tecan Freedom Evo 200 platform and compare its efficiency and precision with the manual counterpart. Materials and methods The initial method development included 32 pooled blood plasma technical replicates. An additional 24 pooled samples were used in the method comparison along with 78 random duplicates of plasma samples collected from 10,001 Dalmatians biobank to compare the manual and automated methods. Results The development resulted in a new automated method. For the automated method, glycan peaks comprising 91% of the total sample glycan showed a variation of less than 5% while 92% of the total sample showed a variation of less than 5% for the manual method. The results of the Passing-Bablok regression indicated no differences between the automated and manual methods for 12 glycan peaks (GPs). However, for 8 GPs systematic difference was present, while both systematic and proportional differences were present for four GPs. Conclusions The developed automated sample preparation method for IgG glycan analysis reduced exposure to hazardous chemicals and offered a simplified workflow. Despite slight differences between the methods, the new automated method showed high precision and proved to be highly comparable to its manual counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Rapčan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Plavša
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Zlatina K, Isernhagen L, Galuska CE, Murani E, Galuska SP. Changes in the N-glycosylation of porcine immune globulin G during postnatal development. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361240. [PMID: 38698868 PMCID: PMC11063267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation influences the effectiveness of immune globulin G (IgG) and thus the immunological downstream responses of immune cells. This impact arises from the presence of N-glycans within the Fc region, which not only alters the conformation of IgG but also influences its steric hindrance. Consequently, these modifications affect the interaction between IgG and its binding partners within the immune system. Moreover, this posttranslational modification vary according to the physiological condition of each individual. In this study, we examined the N-glycosylation of IgG in pigs from birth to five months of age. Our analysis identified a total of 48 distinct N-glycan structures. Remarkably, we observed defined changes in the composition of these N-glycans during postnatal development. The presence of agalactosylated and sialylated structures increases in relation to the number of N-glycans terminated by galactose residues during the first months of life. This shift may indicate a transition from passively transferred antibodies from the colostrum of the sow to the active production of endogenous IgG by the pig's own immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Helali Y, Bourez A, Marchant A, Vander Heyden Y, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. Development and validation of online SPE purification coupled to HILIC-fluorescence-MS analysis for the characterization of N-glycans. Talanta 2024; 270:125541. [PMID: 38101031 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans of therapeutic glycoproteins is a critical quality attribute to be addressed. We developed a sensitive method for N-glycan characterization using procainamide (ProcA) labelling and online solid phase extraction (online SPE). N-glycans were enzymatically released, then labeled with ProcA and cleaned up via the online SPE using HILIC chemistry (online HILIC SPE). Two preparation protocols were optimized: a short one (1 h 30) and a long one (18 h). Furthermore, the developed approach was compared to RapiFluor-MS (RFMS) kit (from Waters) and to InstantPC kit (from Agilent) which both include a classical HILIC μElution plate SPE purification. Samples were analyzed using HILIC separation coupled to fluorescence and MS detection (HILIC-FLD-MS) with or without the online HILIC SPE. During the validation, repeatability, intermediate precision, stability, response function and injection volume were tested. Human IgG mix (Multigam®) and NIST mAb standard were used as references as their glycoprofiles are well described. A comparison of three batches of a rituximab biosimilar (Truxima®) and one batch of its originator (MabThera®) was also performed. Online HILIC SPE sample cleanup shows a higher sensitivity and repeatability compared to the classical HILIC μElution SPE. Our online HILIC SPE approach also offers the highest MS signal compared to both commercial kits. However, InstantPC shows the highest FLD signal. The analyses of rituximab samples were in line with the literature showing the efficiency of the method for N-glycan monitoring of biotherapeutics. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the usefulness and ease of application of the developed protocol with the online HILIC SPE purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Helali
- RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/5, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/5, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Unversité libre de Bruxelles, 900 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Jette, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/5, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/5, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Wang L, Lu X, Wang M, Zhao X, Li P, Zhang H, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Ji L, Hou H, Li D. The association between plasma IgG N-glycosylation and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a case-control study. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1335688. [PMID: 38572072 PMCID: PMC10987743 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1335688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of severe neonatal brain injuries, resulting from inflammation and the immune response after perinatal hypoxia and ischemia. IgG N-glycosylation plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases through mediating the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses. This study aimed to explore the effect of IgG N-glycosylation on the development of HIE. Methods This case-control study included 53 HIE patients and 57 control neonates. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was used to determine the features of the plasma IgG N-glycans, by which 24 initial glycan peaks (GPs) were quantified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between initial glycans and HIE, by which the significant parameters were used to develop a diagnostic model. Though receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the performance of the diagnostic model. Results There were significant differences in 11 initial glycans between the patient and control groups. The levels of fucosylated and galactosylated glycans were significantly lower in HIE patients than in control individuals, while sialylated glycans were higher in HIE patients (p < 0.05). A prediction model was developed using three initial IgG N-glycans and fetal distress, low birth weight, and globulin. The ROC analysis showed that this model was able to discriminate between HIE patients and healthy individuals [AUC = 0.798, 95% CI: (0.716-0.880)]. Discussion IgG N-glycosylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIE. Plasma IgG N-glycans are potential noninvasive biomarkers for screening individuals at high risk of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxia Lu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Jinshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peirui Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of neonatology, Tai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingtang Meng
- Department of neonatology, Tai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Long Ji
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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Haslund-Gourley BS, Woloszczuk K, Hou J, Connors J, Cusimano G, Bell M, Taramangalam B, Fourati S, Mege N, Bernui M, Altman MC, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Maecker HT, Rouphael N, Diray-Arce J, Wigdahl B, Kutzler MA, Cairns CB, Haddad EK, Comunale MA. IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:404. [PMID: 38195739 PMCID: PMC10776791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during human acute viral infection. The analysis of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients reveals increased high-mannose and sialylation that correlates with COVID-19 severity. These trends are confirmed within SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin N-glycan profiles. Moreover, the degree of total IgM mannosylation and sialylation correlate significantly with markers of disease severity. We link the changes of IgM N-glycosylation with the expression of Golgi glycosyltransferases. Lastly, we observe antigen-specific IgM antibody-dependent complement deposition is elevated in severe COVID-19 patients and modulated by exoglycosidase digestion. Taken together, this work links the IgM N-glycosylation with COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to understand IgM glycosylation and downstream immune function during human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyra Woloszczuk
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jintong Hou
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gina Cusimano
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew Bell
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan Mege
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariana Bernui
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Kronimus Y, Albus A, Hasenberg M, Walkenfort B, Seifert M, Budeus B, Gronewold J, Hermann DM, Ross JA, Lochnit G, Galuska SP, Marcus K, Sitek B, Klotsche J, Mengel D, Neumann S, Dodel R. Fc N-glycosylation of autoreactive Aβ antibodies as a blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5563-5572. [PMID: 37260026 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Naturally occurring autoantibodies (nAbs) against the pathologic isoform of amyloid beta (Aβ42 ) were found in body fluids and indicate a systemic B cell response that may prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. N-glycans attached to immunoglobulin G-Fab/Fc fragments are features that influence their mechanism of action. The aim was to study the role of N-glycans in nAbs-Aβ42 . METHODS nAbs-Aβ42 were isolated from AD patients and age-/sex-matched controls (n = 40) and immunoglobulin preparations. Glycosylated/deglycosylated nAbs-Aβ42 were analyzed for their effect on Aβ42 's aggregation, toxicity, and phagocytosis. Glycan structure was analyzed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Deglycosylation of nAbs-Aβ42 had a major impact on Aβ42 's aggregation/toxicity/phagocytosis. The glycan structure showed considerable differences between AD and controls. We were able to predict disease status with a sensitivity/specificity of 95% (confidence interval [CI]: 76.4-99.7%)/100% (CI: 83.9-100%). DISCUSSION N-glycosylation has been identified as a critical attribute maintaining the beneficial effects of autoreactive Aβ antibodies. These data have consequences for the development of monocloncal Aβ antibodies and may open new avenues for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kronimus
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Albus
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Imaging Center Essen (Electron Microscopy), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (Electron Microscopy), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bettina Budeus
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janine Gronewold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Alexander Ross
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty; Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty; Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Klotsche
- Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin - a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - David Mengel
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sascha Neumann
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard Dodel
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wang B, Gao L, Zhang J, Meng X, Xu X, Hou H, Xing W, Wang W, Wang Y. Unravelling the genetic causality of immunoglobulin G N-glycans in ischemic stroke. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:413-420. [PMID: 37341803 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is associated with ischemic stroke (IS). However, the causality of IgG N-glycosylation for IS remains unknown. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate the potential causal effects of genetically determined IgG N-glycans on IS using publicly available summarized genetic data from East Asian and European populations. Genetic instruments were used as proxies for IgG N-glycan traits. IgG N-glycans were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Four complementary MR methods were performed, including the inverse variance weighted method (IVW), MR‒Egger, weighted median and penalized weighted median. Furthermore, to further test the robustness of the results, MR based on Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) was then applied to select and prioritize IgG N-glycan traits as risk factors for IS. RESULTS After correcting for multiple testing, in two-sample MR analyses, genetically predicted IgG N-glycans were unrelated to IS in both East Asian and European populations, and the results remained consistent and robust in the sensitivity analysis. Moreover, MR-BMA also showed consistent results in both East Asian and European populations. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to observational studies, the study did not provide enough genetic evidence to support the causal associations of genetically predicted IgG N-glycan traits and IS, suggesting that N-glycosylation of IgG might not directly involve in the pathogenesis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Medical Engineering and Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, 60127, Australia.
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Centre for Precision Medicine, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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9
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Haslund-Gourley B, Woloszcuk K, Hou J, Connors J, Cusimano G, Bell M, Taramangalam B, Fourati S, Mege N, Bernui M, Altman M, Krammer F, van Bakel H, Maecker H, Wigdahl B, Cairns C, Haddad E, Comunale M. IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2939468. [PMID: 37398192 PMCID: PMC10312960 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2939468/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human SARS-CoV-2, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during acute viral infection in humans. In vitro evidence suggests that the glycosylation of IgM inhibits T cell proliferation and alters complement activation rates. The analysis of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized COVID-19 patients reveals that mannosylation and sialyation levels associate with COVID-19 severity. Specifically, we find increased di- and tri-sialylated glycans and altered mannose glycans in total serum IgM in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to moderate COVID-19 patients. This is in direct contrast with the decrease of sialic acid found on the serum IgG from the same cohorts. Moreover, the degree of mannosylation and sialylation correlated significantly with markers of disease severity: D-dimer, BUN, creatinine, potassium, and early anti-COVID-19 amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Further, IL-16 and IL-18 cytokines showed similar trends with the amount of mannose and sialic acid present on IgM, implicating these cytokines' potential to impact glycosyltransferase expression during IgM production. When examining PBMC mRNA transcripts, we observe a decrease in the expression of Golgi mannosidases that correlates with the overall reduction in mannose processing we detect in the IgM N-glycosylation profile. Importantly, we found that IgM contains alpha-2,3 linked sialic acids in addition to the previously reported alpha-2,6 linkage. We also report that antigen-specific IgM antibody-dependent complement deposition is elevated in severe COVID-19 patients. Taken together, this work links the immunoglobulin M N-glycosylation with COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to understand the connection between IgM glycosylation and downstream immune function during human disease.
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10
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Haslund-Gourley BS, Wigdahl B, Comunale MA. IgG N-glycan Signatures as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061016. [PMID: 36980324 PMCID: PMC10047871 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG N-glycans are an emerging source of disease-specific biomarkers. Over the last decade, the continued development of glycomic databases and the evolution of glyco-analytic methods have resulted in increased throughput, resolution, and sensitivity. IgG N-glycans promote adaptive immune responses through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation to combat infection or cancer and promote autoimmunity. In addition to the functional assays, researchers are examining the ability of protein-specific glycosylation to serve as biomarkers of disease. This literature review demonstrates that IgG N-glycans can discriminate between healthy controls, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, and cancer with high sensitivity. The literature also indicates that the IgG glycosylation patterns vary across disease state, thereby supporting their role as specific biomarkers. In addition, IgG N-glycans can be collected longitudinally from patients to track treatment responses or predict disease reoccurrence. This review focuses on IgG N-glycan profiles applied as diagnostics, cohort discriminators, and prognostics. Recent successes, remaining challenges, and upcoming approaches are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Haslund-Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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11
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Wang B, Liu D, Song M, Wang W, Guo B, Wang Y. Immunoglobulin G N-glycan, inflammation and type 2 diabetes in East Asian and European populations: a Mendelian randomization study. Mol Med 2022; 28:114. [PMID: 36104772 PMCID: PMC9476573 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans have been shown to be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its risk factors. However, whether these associations reflect causal effects remain unclear. Furthermore, the associations of IgG N-glycans and inflammation are not fully understood. Methods We examined the causal associations of IgG N-glycans with inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and T2D using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in East Asian and European populations. Genetic variants from IgG N-glycan quantitative trait loci (QTL) data were used as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR was conducted for IgG N-glycans with inflammation (75,391 and 18,348 participants of CRP and fibrinogen in the East Asian population, 204,402 participants of CRP in the European population) and T2D risk (77,418 cases and 356,122 controls of East Asian ancestry, 81,412 cases and 370,832 controls of European ancestry). Results After correcting for multiple testing, in the East Asian population, genetically determined IgG N-glycans were associated with a higher risk of T2D, the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.009 for T2D per 1- standard deviation (SD) higher GP5, 95% CI = 1.003–1.015; P = 0.0019; and 1.013 for T2D per 1-SD higher GP13, 95% CI = 1.006–1.021; P = 0.0005. In the European population, genetically determined decreased GP9 was associated with T2D (OR = 0.899 per 1-SD lower GP9, 95% CI: 0.845–0.957). In addition, there was suggestive evidence that genetically determined IgG N-glycans were associated with CRP in both East Asian and European populations after correcting for multiple testing, but no associations were found between IgG N-glycans and fibrinogen. There was limited evidence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy bias. Conclusions Our results provided novel genetic evidence that IgG N-glycans are causally associated with T2D. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00543-z.
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Yang S, Cui M, Liu Q, Liao Q. Glycosylation of immunoglobin G in tumors: Function, regulation and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215902. [PMID: 36096412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant component in humoral immunity and the major effector of neutralizing heterogeneous antigens. Glycosylation, as excessive posttranscriptional modification, can modulate IgG immune function. Glycosylated IgG has been reported to correlate with tumor progression, presenting several characteristic modifications, including the core fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and the bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Meanwhile, IgG glycosylation regulates tumor immunity involved in tumor progression and is thus a potential target. Herein, we summarized the research progression to provide novel insight into the application of IgG glycosylation in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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13
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Ding Z, Zhang X, Li H. Application of IgG antibody titer and subtype in diagnosis and severity assessment of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1544-1551. [PMID: 36247885 PMCID: PMC9561511 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the effect of different times of pregnancy of type O pregnant women on the occurrence of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN). METHODS From December 2018 to December 2021, 725 pregnant women with O blood group (husbands with non-O blood group) who met the inclusion criteria were collected. There were 116 cases of ABO-HDN, which were summarized and analyzed. The pregnant women were divided into primigravida and non-primigravida groups. The influence of the number of pregnancies on the occurrence of ABO-HDN was compared, and the antibody titer of pregnant women with type O blood was monitored. The relationship between antibody titer and HDN in pregnant women was analyzed by hemolysis test and indirect bilirubin concentration. RESULTS In the primigravida group, 0 patients with HDN had a titer ≤1:64, 8 (8/26) had a titer of 1:128, 9 (9/20) had a titer of 1:256, 2 (2/4) had a titer of 1:512, and 2 (2/3) had a titer >1:512. In the non-primigravida group, there were 0 cases with a titer ≤1:64, 32 cases (32/78) with a titer of 1:128, and 26 cases (26/46) with a titer of 1:256. The number of cases of ABO incompatibility in maternal and infant groups with different titers of IgG anti-A (B) antibody were 377 cases in the <1:64 group, 130 cases in the 1:64 group, 104 cases in the 1:128 group, 66 cases in the 1:256 group, 32 cases in the 1:512 group, and 16 cases in the >1:512 group. The positive rates of ABO-HDN were 0.0% (0/0), 0.0% (0/0), 38.5% (40/104), 53.0% (35/66), 81.3% (26/32) and 93.8% (15/16), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of ABO-HDN was not significantly related to the blood type of the pregnant woman's husband. Therefore, in order to reduce the degree of hemolysis and avoid the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy or even death, pregnant women with antibody titer >1:64 in second or subsequent pregnancies should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Knecht L, Folke J, Dodel R, Ross JA, Albus A. Alpha-synuclein Immunization Strategies for Synucleinopathies in Clinical Studies: A Biological Perspective. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1489-1502. [PMID: 36083395 PMCID: PMC9606184 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies currently available for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease target only the symptoms of the disease. Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy can be summarized as synucleinopathies, as they are all characterized by the aggregation and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. Targeting α-syn by its formation and progression opens a new and promising disease-modifying therapeutic strategy. Thus, several distinct immunotherapeutic approaches are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The objective of this article is to review, from a biological perspective, the most important properties of these passive and active immunotherapies to point out their relevance and suitability for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Knecht
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Folke
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Neuroscience & Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Dodel
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - J Alexander Ross
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Albus
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Activating Fc Gamma Receptors and Viral Receptors Are Required for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090470. [PMID: 36136686 PMCID: PMC9504219 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific sub- or non-neutralizing antibodies promote the adhesion and internalization of the virion into host cells. This phenomenon is known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of PRRSV infection. It has long been accepted that Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are responsible for mediating ADE of virus infection. However, few researchers pay attention to the role of the virus receptors in the ADE of virus infection. In this study, we showed that activating FcγRs (FcγRI and FcγRIII) were responsible for mediating PRRSV-ADE infection. Simultaneously, we showed that the viral receptors (sialoadhesin and CD163) were involved in FcγR-mediated PRRSV-ADE infection. The extracellular domains 1-6 of sialoadhesin and the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 5 domain of CD163 might play central roles in PRRSV-ADE infection. In conclusion, our studies indicated that activating FcγRs and virus receptors were required for PRRSV-ADE infection. Our findings should allow a more precise understanding of the structural basis for the mechanism of PRRSV-ADE infection, which would provide references for screening targets of novel PRRS vaccines or antiviral drugs against the PRRSV. Abstract Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is an event in preexisting sub-, or non-neutralizing antibodies increasing the viral replication in its target cells. ADE is one crucial factor that intensifies porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and results in PRRSV-persistent infection. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of PRRSV-ADE infection are poorly understood. In the current research, the results of the ADE assay showed that porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for the PRRSV significantly enhanced PRRSV proliferation in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), suggesting that the ADE activity of PRRSV infection existed in pig anti-PRRSV IgG. The results of the RNA interference assay showed that knockdown of the Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) or FcγRIII gene significantly suppressed the ADE activity of PRRSV infection in PAMs, suggesting that FcγRI and FcγRIII were responsible for mediating PRRSV-ADE infection. In addition, the results of the antibody blocking assay showed that specific blocking of the Sn1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 extracellular domain of the sialoadhesin (Sn) protein or selective blockade of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) 5 domain of the CD163 molecule significantly repressed the ADE activity of PRRSV infection in PAMs, suggesting that Sn and CD163 were involved in FcγR-mediated PRRSV-ADE infection. The Sn1–6 domains of porcine Sn protein and the SRCR 5 domain of porcine CD163 molecule might play central roles in the ADE of PRRSV infection. In summary, our studies indicated that activating FcγRs (FcγRI and FcγRIII) and viral receptors (Sn and CD163) were required for ADE of PRRSV infection. Our findings provided a new insight into PRRSV infection that could be enhanced by FcγRs and PRRSV receptors-mediated PRRSV-antibody immune complexes (ICs), which would deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of PRRSV-persistent infection via the ADE pathway.
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Li XL, Han C, Luo M, Xiao S, Li J, Yu C, Cheng S, Jin Y, Han Y, Todoroki K, Shi Q, Min JZ. Relative quantitation of glycans in cetuximab using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry by Pronase E digestion. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463302. [PMID: 35820231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in the activity and function of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, an isotope labeling method for the relative quantitative analysis of glycans in cetuximab, a chimeric human/mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets epidermal growth factor receptor, via hydrophilic interaction LC-ultra-high-performance LC-HRMS was established based on Pronase E digestion. To this aim, novel isotope MS probes, i.e., 3-benzoyl-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (d0-BOTC) and 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuterio-benzoyl)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate acid (d5-BOTC), which include a carboxyl group to target the amino functional group in glycosylamine, were developed. The nonspecific Pronase E enzyme could simultaneously digest the peptide bound to the N- and O-glycans into glycosylamine having only one amino acid. Since the mass difference between the light- and heavy-labeled glycans was 5.0 Da, the relative abundance of their MS peaks was used to achieve the qualitative and relative quantitative analysis of glycans. Sialylglycopeptide was used as a complex glycan model to validate the accuracy of the method. The results demonstrated the good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the experimentally detected MS intensity ratios and the theoretical molar ratios of the d0-BOTC to the corresponding d5-BOTC derivatives in the dynamic range of 0.03-10 and 0.03-20 of three orders magnitude for the d5-BOTC/d0-BOTC ratios. The reproducibility was between 0.16% and 10.70%, and the limit of detection was 13 fmol. The feasibility of the relative quantification method was investigated by analyzing the glycan content in cetuximab, finding good consistency between experimental and theoretical molar ratios (5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5) of d0/d5-BOTC-labeled glycans. Finally, 13 glycans were successfully identified in cetuximab by applying this method using an in-house Tracefinder database. This study provides a novel strategy for the high throughput analysis, identification, and functional study of glycans in mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chengqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Miao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Shengyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yueying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
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Emerging affinity ligands and support materials for the enrichment of monoclonal antibodies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kennedy PGE, Graner M, Pointon T, Li X, Tanimoto K, Dennison K, Im G, Fringuello A, Zhou W, Graner A, Sillau S, Vollmer T, Yu X. Aberrant Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:218-227. [PMID: 33942224 PMCID: PMC9279016 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of the inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the presence of intrathecal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and oligoclonal bands (OCBs). The biological activity of IgGs is modulated by changes in glycosylation. Using multiple immunoassays with common lectins for sialylation and galactosylation, we investigated levels of IgG glycosylation in 28 MS and 37 control sera as well as paired CSF and serum. We demonstrated the presence of significantly lower levels of IgG sialylation in MS CSF compared to paired serum. Further, we showed that in MS there was no correlation between sialylated IgG and total IgG antibodies, or between sialylated IgG in CSF and serum. ELISA with native IgG antibodies showed significantly higher levels of sialylated and galactosylated IgG in MS compared to other neurological disorders and normal healthy controls. We conclude that lower levels of sialylated intrathecal IgG and higher levels of serum IgG galactosylation in MS may play significant role in disease pathogenesis. The unique IgG glycosylation profiles suggest a complexed nature of the IgG antibodies which may influence its effector functions in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter GE Kennedy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Pointon
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kayo Tanimoto
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn Dennison
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gina Im
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony Fringuello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Arin Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy Vollmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Corresponding author:
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Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Serum L1CAM-Captured Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Neural and Glycosylation Changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1274-1292. [PMID: 35412111 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood and there are no diagnostic or predictive biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nano-sized vesicles, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other bioactive substances. As reported, serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM)-captured EVs (LCEVs) can provide reliable biomarkers for neurological diseases; however, little is known about the LCEVs in children with ASD. The study enrolled 100 children with ASD (2.5-6 years of age; 90 males) and 60 age-matched TD children (54 males) as control. The serum sample was collected and pooled into five ASD subgroups and three TD subgroups (n = 20). LCEVs were isolated and characterized meticulously. Whole-transcriptome of LCEVs was analyzed by lncRNA microarray and RNA-sequencing. All raw data was submitted on GEO Profiles, and GEO accession numbers is GSE186493. RNAs expressed differently in LCEVs from ASD sera vs. TD sera were screened, analyzed, and further validated. A total of 1418 mRNAs, 1745 lncRNAs, and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed, and most of them were downregulated in ASD. Most RNAs were involved in neuron- and glycan-related networks implicated in ASD. The levels of EDNRA, SLC17A6, HTR3A, OSTC, TMEM165, PC-5p-139289_26, and hsa-miR-193a-5p were validated in at least 15 ASD and 15 TD individual serum samples, which were consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, whole-transcriptome analysis of serum LCEVs reveals neural and glycosylation changes in ASD, which may help detect predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of ASD, and provide reference for diagnoses and therapeutic management of the disease.
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Abstract
Glycosylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications in mammalian cells, impacts many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the most abundant glycoprotein in human serum, immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a vital role in immune response and protection. There is a growing body of evidence suggests that IgG structure and function are modulated by attached glycans, especially N-glycans, and aberrant glycosylation is associated with disease states. In this chapter, we review IgG glycan repertoire and function, strategies for profiling IgG N-glycome and recent studies. Mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques are the most powerful tools for profiling IgG glycome. IgG glycans can be divided into high-mannose, biantennary complex and hybrid types, modified with mannosylation, core-fucosylation, galactosylation, bisecting GlcNAcylation, or sialylation. Glycosylation of IgG affects antibody half-life and their affinity and avidity for antigens, regulates crystallizable fragment (Fc) structure and Fcγ receptor signaling, as well as antibody effector function. Because of their critical roles, IgG N-glycans appear to be promising biomarkers for various disease states. Specific IgG glycosylation can convert a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, IgG glycoengineering provides a powerful approach to potentially develop effective drugs and treat disease. Based on the understanding of the functional role of IgG glycans, the development of vaccines with enhanced capacity and long-term protection are possible in the near future.
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Zlatina K, Galuska SP. Immunoglobulin Glycosylation - An Unexploited Potential for Immunomodulatory Strategies in Farm Animals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753294. [PMID: 34733284 PMCID: PMC8558360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of antibodies, namely the identification and neutralization of pathogens, is mediated by their antigen binding site (Fab). In contrast, the subsequent signal transduction for activation of the immune system is mediated by the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, which interacts with receptors or other components of the immune system, such as the complement system. This aspect of binding and interaction is more precise, readjusted by covalently attached glycan structures close to the hinge region of immunoglobulins (Ig). This fine-tuning of Ig and its actual state of knowledge is the topic of this review. It describes the function of glycosylation at Ig in general and the associated changes due to corresponding glycan structures. We discuss the functionality of IgG glycosylation during different physiological statuses, like aging, lactation and pathophysiological processes. Further, we point out what is known to date about Ig glycosylation in farm animals and how new achievements in vaccination may contribute to improved animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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22
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Yu X, Zizzo Z, Kennedy PG. An appraisal of antigen identification and IgG effector functions driving host immune responses in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103328. [PMID: 34666240 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and oligoclonal bands (OCB) are the most characteristic features of multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease with neurodegeneration at chronic stages. OCB are shown to be associated with disease activity and brain atrophy. Despite intensive research over the last several decades, the antigen specificities of the IgG in MS have remained elusive. We present evidence which supports that intrathecal IgG is not driven by antigen-stimulation, therefore provide reasoning for failed MS antigen identification. Further, the presence of co-deposition of IgG and activated complement products in MS lesions suggest that the IgG effector functions may play a critical role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Zoe Zizzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Peter Ge Kennedy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Helali Y, Sharma S, Vandeput M, Welba D, Van Antwerpen P, Marchant A, Delporte C. Fc Glycosylation Characterization of Human Immunoglobulins G Using Immunocapture and LC-MS. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2271:57-71. [PMID: 33907999 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1241-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins G (IgG) are proteins produced by the immune system of higher life forms that play a central role in the defense against microbial pathogens. IgG bind pathogens with the hypervariable Fab component and mediate a diversity of effector functions by binding to immune effector cells via their crystallizable (Fc) component. All IgG Fc carry a polymorphic N-glycan that regulates its binding properties and thereby its effector functions. The glycosylation profile of IgG Fc is modulated by physiological and pathological conditions, including infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders. Characterization of IgG Fc glycosylation profiles is a promising approach to understand the pathogenesis of diseases involving the immune system and to develop novel biomarkers of disease activity. Measuring the proportion of the different IgG Fc glycoforms remains an analytical challenge, that requires a sensitive and reproducible analytical approach.This chapter describes an optimized approach for the preparation and the analysis of Fc N-glycans from total serum or plasma IgG using magnetic beads, RapiFluor MS label©, and LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Helali
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform, RD3 Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Vandeput
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform, RD3 Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dansala Welba
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform, RD3 Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform, RD3 Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Cao C, Yu L, Zhang X, Dong X, Yuan J, Liang X. Calibration for quantitative Fc-glycosylation analysis of therapeutic IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies by using glycopeptide standards. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338306. [PMID: 33736796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fc-glycosylation has crucial impact on the efficacy and safety of IgG-type therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In order to enhance the performance of MS-based bottom-up quantitation strategy, a library of glycopeptide standards containing 26 common IgG1-type Fc-glycoforms has been constructed via modified two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) purification. Taking advantage of the acquired glycopeptide standards, calibrated quantitation strategy for Fc-glycosylation analysis of mAbs was established and evaluated on the basis of three LC-MS-based methods, including HILIC-MRM (multiple reaction monitoring), HILIC-SIM (selected ion monitor) and RPLC-SIM. Molar concentrations of eleven individual Fc-glycoforms (0.03 ± 0.001-13.77 ± 0.64 nmol mg-1) as well as degree of fucosylation (75.44-97.04%), galactosylation (3.39-49.47%) and mannosylation (1.12-21.22%) in six IgG1-type mAbs were achieved. In addition, Fc-glycosylation site occupancy was also determined from 98.05% to 99.83%. Compared with traditional MS-based quantitation via peak area normalization, the quantitation accuracy and precision of the calibrated strategy had been remarkably improved, especially when combining with HILIC separation. In addition, the transferability of calibrated quantitation as assessed by using MRM-based method had also been significantly enhanced on different instruments from different laboratories. This calibrated quantitation strategy using glycopeptide standards as calibrators will be useful for Fc-glycosylation analysis of IgG1-type mAbs with multiple glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Long Yu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuefang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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25
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Albus A, Kronimus Y, Neumann S, Vidovic N, Frenzel A, Kuhn P, Seifert M, Ziehm T, van der Wurp H, Dodel R. Effects of a Multimerized Recombinant Autoantibody Against Amyloid-β. Neuroscience 2021; 463:355-369. [PMID: 33958140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease; thus, the search for a cure or causal therapy has become necessary. Despite intense research on this topic in recent decades, there is no curative therapy up today, and also no disease-modifying treatment has been approved. As promising approach passive immunization strategies have thereby come forth. In this study, we focused on naturally occurring autoantibodies against the AD-associated peptide amyloid-β. These antibodies have already reported to show beneficial functions in vitro and in mouse models of AD. However, their availability is limited due to their low abundance in peripheral blood. In a recent study, we were able to generate four recombinant antibodies against amyloid-β. In the present study, we tested these antibodies in ELISA and SPR assays for their binding behavior and by aggregation- and phagocytosis assays as functional evidences to characterize their amyloid-β-related neutralizing and clearance abilities. Further ex vivo assay on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures gave first evidence of microglial activation and inflammatory features. The tested recombinant antibodies in IgG format showed, in comparison to naturally occurring autoantibodies against amyloid-β, insufficient binding capacities and -affinities. However, after conversion of one antibody into a single chain format multimerization of the scFv-Fc construct, the investigated binding capacity and -affinity showed improvements. Further functional assays predict a protective effect of this antibody. Although, all four recombinant antibodies showed binding to amyloid-β, promising features were only detectable after conversion into a multimeric format. The multimeric scFv-Fc antibody exhibited thereby strong impact on amyloid-β clearance and inhibition of oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Albus
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Kronimus
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Neumann
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Natascha Vidovic
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hendrik van der Wurp
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Faculty of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Richard Dodel
- Chair of Geriatric Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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Zlatina K, Galuska SP. The N-glycans of lactoferrin: more than just a sweet decoration. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:117-127. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all extracellular proteins undergo post-translational modification with sugar chains during their transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. These “sweet” modifications not only influence the activity of its carrier protein, but they themselves often have bioactivity, independent of the carrier function. Lactoferrin belongs to the group of glycoproteins and is modified with several different N-glycans. This minireview summarizes several studies dealing with the diverse glycosylation patterns of lactoferrin from different origins, and the potential impact of these post-translational modifications on the functionality of lactoferrin. A special emphasis is placed on the differences between human and bovine lactoferrin, because the latter form is often selected for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in humans. For this reason, the potential impact of the bovine-specific glycosylation patterns on the observed heterogeneous effects of lactoferrin in humans is discussed within this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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27
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Blöchl C, Regl C, Huber CG, Winter P, Weiss R, Wohlschlager T. Towards middle-up analysis of polyclonal antibodies: subclass-specific N-glycosylation profiling of murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) by means of HPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18080. [PMID: 33093535 PMCID: PMC7581757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advanced HPLC-MS strategies based on intact protein (“top-down”) or protein subunit (“middle-up/middle-down”) analysis have been implemented for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Here, we assess feasibility of middle-up/middle-down analysis for polyclonal IgGs exhibiting extensive sequence variability. Specifically, we addressed IgGs from mouse, representing an important model system in immunological investigations. To obtain Fc/2 portions as conserved subunits of IgGs, we made use of the bacterial protease SpeB. For this purpose, we initially determined SpeB cleavage sites in murine IgGs. The resulting Fc/2 portions characteristic of different subclasses were subsequently analysed by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. This enabled simultaneous relative quantification of IgG subclasses and their N-glycosylation variants, both of which influence IgG effector functions. To assess method capabilities in an immunological context, we applied the analytical workflow to polyclonal antibodies obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with the grass pollen allergen Phl p 6. The study revealed a shift in IgG subclasses and Fc-glycosylation patterns in total and antigen-specific IgGs from different mouse cohorts, respectively. Eventually, Fc/2 characterization may reveal other protein modifications including oxidation, amino acid exchanges, and C-terminal lysine, and may thus be implemented for quality control of functional antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Blöchl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Winter
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Mao Y, Su T, Zhong Y, Wang S, Zhai R, Cheng J, Fang X, Zhu J, Yang H. Comparative Glycoproteomic Profiling of Human Body Fluid between Healthy Controls and Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:2539-2552. [PMID: 31800250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yonghong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Thoracic Surgery Research Labouratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Su
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8040055. [PMID: 31816964 PMCID: PMC6963682 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure–function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties. The platforms examined include the development of antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibody, and antibody fusion products, whose efficacy and manufacturability can be improved via humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement. We also review the design and selection of binding arms, and avidity modulation. Different strategies of preparing bispecific and multispecific molecules for an array of therapeutic applications are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Chiu
- Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Dennis R. Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA;
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
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30
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Navarro Quiroz E, Chavez-Estrada V, Macias-Ochoa K, Ayala-Navarro MF, Flores-Aguilar AS, Morales-Navarrete F, de la Cruz Lopez F, Gomez Escorcia L, Musso CG, Aroca Martinez G, Gonzales Torres H, Diaz Perez A, Cadena Bonfanti A, Sarmiento Gutierrez J, Meza J, Diaz Arroyo E, Bello Lemus Y, Ahmad M, Navarro Quiroz R. Epigenetic Mechanisms and Posttranslational Modifications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5679. [PMID: 31766160 PMCID: PMC6888206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells is regulated through numerous mechanisms, including epigenetic changes and posttranslational modifications. The wide-ranging diversity of these mechanisms constitutes a way of dynamic regulation of the functionality of proteins, their activity, and their subcellular localization as well as modulation of the differential expression of genes in response to external and internal stimuli that allow an organism to respond or adapt to accordingly. However, alterations in these mechanisms have been evidenced in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present review aims to provide an approach to the current knowledge of the implications of these mechanisms in SLE pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Valeria Chavez-Estrada
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico; (V.C.-E.); (K.M.-O.); (M.F.A.-N.)
| | - Karime Macias-Ochoa
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44100, Mexico; (V.C.-E.); (K.M.-O.); (M.F.A.-N.)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando de la Cruz Lopez
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Lorena Gomez Escorcia
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Carlos G. Musso
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires B1675, Argentina;
| | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Clinica de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Henry Gonzales Torres
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Anderson Diaz Perez
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Corporacion Universitaria Rafael Nuñez, Cartagena de Indias 130001, Colombia
| | - Andres Cadena Bonfanti
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Clinica de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Joany Sarmiento Gutierrez
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, Clinica de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Jainy Meza
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Yesit Bello Lemus
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mostapha Ahmad
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (F.d.l.C.L.); (L.G.E.); (G.A.M.); (H.G.T.); (A.D.P.); (A.C.B.); (J.S.G.); (J.M.); (Y.B.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- CMCC—Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Laboratório do Biología Computacional e Bioinformática—LBCB, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo 01023, Brazil;
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31
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Liu Q, Lin J, Han J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Tu W, Zhao Y, Guo G, Chu H, Pu W, Liu J, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhang R, Gu J, Zou H, Jin L, Wu W, Ren S, Wang J. Immunoglobulin G galactosylation levels are decreased in systemic sclerosis patients and differ according to disease subclassification. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 49:146-153. [PMID: 31538512 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1641615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Tu
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - G Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yiling Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jing’an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - S Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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A differential sex-specific pattern of IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) induced by glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:92-99. [PMID: 31272071 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment. However, its administration induces anti-drug antibodies (ADA). This research evaluated the sex differences in humoral response against GA in RR-MS patients METHODS: We analyzed 69 RR-MS patients, 43 treated with GA and 26 treated with IFN-β. In all cases, the serum concentration of IgG antibodies was determined by UPLC, whereas the levels of IgG subclasses (1-4) of anti-GA antibodies and the concentration of IL-6 were detected by Multiplex and IL-10, and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The total concentration of IgG antibodies in patients did not differ between treatments, whereas the IgG levels of ADA were higher in male and female patients treated with GA (P ≤ 0.0001). The subclasses of IgG anti-GA antibodies were as follows: IgG4>>IgG3>IgG1>IgG2. Statistical analysis showed differences in the IgG2 (P ≤ 0.01) and IgG4 (P ≤ 0.0001) subclasses by sex in RR-MS patients. Levels of IgG1 subclass in male patients correlated positively with the circulatory levels of IL-6 (rs = 0.587, P ≤ 0.04) and IFN-γ (rs = 0.721, P ≤ 0.001), while IgG2 subclass levels in female patients correlated with serum levels of IFN-γ (rs = 0.628, P ≤ 0.0006). Statistical analysis did not detect correlations between the levels of IgG (1-4) subclasses of anti-GA antibodies and the evaluated clinical parameters. CONCLUSION This study showed differences in the levels of IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses of ADA between male and female RR-MS patients. Further studies are necessary to take advantage of the clinical potential of this finding.
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