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Photonics of Trimethine Cyanine Dyes as Probes for Biomolecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196367. [PMID: 36234904 PMCID: PMC9573451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are widely used as fluorescent probes in biophysics and medical biochemistry due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties (their photonics). This review is focused on a subclass of the most widespread and studied cyanine dyes—trimethine cyanines, which can serve as potential probes for biomolecules. The works devoted to the study of the noncovalent interaction of trimethine cyanine dyes with biomolecules and changing the properties of these dyes upon the interaction are reviewed. In addition to the spectral-fluorescent properties, elementary photochemical properties of trimethine cyanines are considered, including: photoisomerization and back isomerization of the photoisomer, generation and decay of the triplet state, and its quenching by oxygen and other quenchers. The influence of DNA and other nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules on these properties is covered. The interaction of a monomer dye molecule with a biomolecule usually leads to a fluorescence growth, damping of photoisomerization (if any), and an increase in intersystem crossing to the triplet state. Sometimes aggregation of dye molecules on biomolecules is observed. Quenching of the dye triplet state in a complex with biomolecules by molecular oxygen usually occurs with a rate constant much lower than the diffusion limit with allowance for the spin-statistical factor 1/9. The practical application of trimethine cyanines in biophysics and (medical) biochemistry is also considered. In conclusion, the prospects for further studies on the cyanine dye–biomolecule system and the development of new effective dye probes (including probes of a new type) for biomolecules are discussed.
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Zhytniakivska O, Kurutos A, Shchuka M, Vus K, Tarabara U, Trusova V, Gorbenko G. Fӧrster resonance energy transfer between Thioflavin T and unsymmetrical trimethine cyanine dyes on amyloid fibril scaffold. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Ghadami SA, Shevidi S, Hosseinzadeh L, Adibi H. Synthesis and in vitro quantification of amyloid fibrils by barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based chromene derivatives. Biophys Chem 2020; 269:106522. [PMID: 33352334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is caused by the abnormal build-up of proteins in and around cells called amyloid. The amyloid fibril formation and its mechanism have been investigated with various techniques, including dye-binding assay. Thioflavin T (ThT) has been one of the most widely used dyes for quantifying amyloid deposits, but ThT has a weak fluorescence signal especially at low concentration of amyloid fibrils, low lipophilicity and positive charge that makes it unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to detect amyloid fibrils in vivo. Hence, there is a strong motivation for designing and developing the new compounds for in vitro amyloid quantification and in vivo amyloid imaging. The need for new probes to detect amyloid fibrils, especially within the cell, is highlighted by the fact that an accurate understanding of the molecular details of amyloid fibril formation is required to design and develop strategies for controlling the amyloid formation, and this needs more reliable probes for amyloid identification. In this work, we synthesized and applied barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based chromene derivatives, as new fluorescent dyes to quantitatively detect the amyloid fibrils of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human insulin in comparison with native soluble proteins or amorphous aggregation. Our results showed that among the 14 synthesized compounds, five compounds 4a, 4h, 4j, 4k, and 4l could selectively and specifically bind to amyloid fibrils while other compounds demonstrated a low-affinity binding. Furthermore, according to the cell viability experiment, compounds 4a, 4j and 4l at low concentration of compounds are not toxic, especially compound 4j which could be used as a suitable candidate for in vivo study. Further studies are needed to determine all the properties of compounds, especially in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Setayesh Shevidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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4
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Karmakar A, Mallick T, Fouzder C, Mukhuty A, Mondal S, Pramanik A, Kundu R, Mandal D, Begum NA. Unfolding the Role of a Flavone-Based Fluorescent Antioxidant towards the Misfolding of Amyloid Proteins: An Endeavour to Probe Amyloid Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11133-11144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Tamanna Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Chandrani Fouzder
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Rammohan College, Kolkata 700009, WB, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia 723104, WB, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, WB, India
| | - Naznin Ara Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan 731235, WB, India
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Zeng L, Lin Y, Li J, Sajiki H, Xie H, Cui S. Skeletal reorganization divergence of N-sulfonyl ynamides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5639. [PMID: 33159079 PMCID: PMC7648764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal reorganization is a type of intriguing processes because of their interesting mechanism, high atom-economy and synthetic versatility. Herein, we describe an unusual, divergent skeletal reorganization of N-sulfonyl ynamides. Upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamine (LDA), N-sulfonyl ynamides undergo a skeletal reorganization to deliver thiete sulfones, while the additional use of 1,3-dimethyl-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DMPU) shifts the process to furnish propargyl sulfonamides. This skeletal reorganization divergence features broad substrate scope and scalability. Mechanistically, experimental and computational studies reveal that these processes may initiate from a lithiation/4-exo-dig cyclization cascade, and the following ligand-dependent 1,3-sulfonyl migration or β-elimination would control the chemodivergence. This protocol additionally provides a facile access to a variety of privileged molecules from easily accessible ynamides. Skeletal reorganizations are intriguing processes in chemical synthesis due to their mechanism, atom-economy and synthetic versatility. Herein, the authors describe a divergent skeletal reorganization of N-sulfonyl ynamides to thiete sulfones and propargyl sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zeng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hujun Xie
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Šmidlehner T, Bonnet H, Chierici S, Piantanida I. Fluorescently-labelled amyloid paired helical filaments (PHF) in monitoring its fibrillation kinetics. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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8
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Comparative study of the interaction of some meso-substituted anionic cyanine dyes with human serum albumin. Biophys Chem 2020; 261:106378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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L. Almeida Z, M. M. Brito R. Structure and Aggregation Mechanisms in Amyloids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051195. [PMID: 32155822 PMCID: PMC7179426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of a polypeptide chain into amyloid fibrils and their accumulation and deposition into insoluble plaques and intracellular inclusions is the hallmark of several misfolding diseases known as amyloidoses. Alzheimer′s, Parkinson′s and Huntington’s diseases are some of the approximately 50 amyloid diseases described to date. The identification and characterization of the molecular species critical for amyloid formation and disease development have been the focus of intense scrutiny. Methods such as X-ray and electron diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been extensively used and they have contributed to shed a new light onto the structure of amyloid, revealing a multiplicity of polymorphic structures that generally fit the cross-β amyloid motif. The development of rational therapeutic approaches against these debilitating and increasingly frequent misfolding diseases requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid cascade. Here, we review the current knowledge on amyloid fibril formation for several proteins and peptides from a kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, the structure of the molecular species involved in the amyloidogenic process, and the origin of their cytotoxicity.
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A KLVFFAE-Derived Peptide Probe for Detection of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1411-1424. [PMID: 31776941 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of an amyloid protein, α-synuclein (αS), is a critical step in the neurodegenerative pathway of Parkinson's diseases (PD). Specific detection of amyloid conformers (i.e., monomers, oligomers, and fibrils) produced during αS aggregation is critical in better understanding a molecular basis of PD and developing a diagnostic tool. While various molecular probes are available for detection of αS fibrils, which may serve as a reservoir of toxic αS aggregate forms, these probes suffer from limited conformer-specificity and operational flexibility. In the present study, we explored the potential of non-self-aggregating peptides derived from the highly aggregation-prone KLVFFAE region of an amyloid protein, β-amyloid, as molecular probes for αS aggregates. We show that of the four peptides tested (KLVFWAK, ELVFWAE, and their C-terminal capping variants, all of which were attached with fluorescein isothiocyanate at their respective N-termini), KLVFWAK with C-terminal capping was selectively bound to αS fibrils over monomers and oligomers and readily used for monitoring αS fibrilization. Our analyses suggest that binding of the peptide to αS fibrils is mediated by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. We anticipate that our peptide can readily be optimized for conformer-specificity and operational flexibility. Overall, this study presents the creation of a KLVFFAE-based molecular probe for αS fibrils and demonstrates fine-tuning of its conformer-specificity by terminal mutations and capping.
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11
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Gorbenko G, Trusova V, Deligeorgiev T, Gadjev N, Mizuguchi C, Saito H. Two-step FRET as a tool for probing the amyloid state of proteins. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Pretorius E, Page MJ, Hendricks L, Nkosi NB, Benson SR, Kell DB. Both lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acids potently induce anomalous fibrin amyloid formation: assessment with novel Amytracker™ stains. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0941. [PMID: 29445039 PMCID: PMC5832738 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent work, we discovered that the presence of highly substoichiometric amounts (10−8 molar ratio) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria caused fibrinogen clotting to lead to the formation of an amyloid form of fibrin. We here show that the broadly equivalent lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) from two species of Gram-positive bacteria have similarly (if not more) potent effects. Using thioflavin T fluorescence to detect amyloid as before, the addition of low concentrations of free ferric ion is found to have similar effects. Luminescent conjugated oligothiophene dyes (LCOs), marketed under the trade name Amytracker™, also stain classical amyloid structures. We here show that they too give very large fluorescence enhancements when clotting is initiated in the presence of the four amyloidogens (LPS, ferric ions and two LTA types). The staining patterns differ significantly as a function of both the amyloidogens and the dyes used to assess them, indicating clearly that the nature of the clots formed is different. This is also the case when clotting is measured viscometrically using thromboelastography. Overall, the data provide further evidence for an important role of bacterial cell wall products in the various coagulopathies that are observable in chronic, inflammatory diseases. The assays may have potential in both diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Lisa Hendricks
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso B Nkosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Sven R Benson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa .,School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, Lancs M1 7DN, UK.,The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, Lancs M1 7DN, UK.,Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, Lancs M1 7DN, UK
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13
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Anantharaman SB, Messmer D, Sadeghpour A, Salentinig S, Nüesch F, Heier J. Excitonic channels from bio-inspired templated supramolecular assembly of J-aggregate nanowires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6929-6938. [PMID: 30916072 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies with controlled morphology are of paramount importance for energy transport in organic semiconductors. Despite considerable freedom in molecular design, the preparation of dyes that form one dimensional J-aggregates is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective route to functionalize dendronized polymers (DPs) with J-aggregates to construct tubular DP/J-aggregate nanowires. When J-aggregates are adsorbed onto DPs anchored to glass substrates, they assemble into microcrystalline domains typical for J-aggregates adsorbed on functionalized surfaces. Differently, the complexation between the dendronized polymer and J-aggregates in solution leads to dense packing of J-aggregate strands on the periphery of the DPs. Using a layer-by-layer (LBL) technique, DPs loaded with J-aggregates can also be adsorbed onto a DP monolayer. In this case, the thin film absorption spectra are narrower and indicate higher ratios of J-aggregate to monomer and dimer absorption than bare J-aggregates deposited similarly. The demonstration of J-aggregate adsorption on filamentous polymeric templates is a promising step toward artificial 1D light harvesting antennas, with potential applications in opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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14
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Tikhomirova AA, Tcyrulnikov NA, Wilson RM. Aerobic Oxidation of in Situ Generated Cyanine Dyes Leading to DNA Damage. Org Lett 2019; 21:1449-1452. [PMID: 30763104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by noncatalytic aerobic oxidation of pyridinocyanine dyes is described. The dyes are generated in situ during spontaneous oxidations of tetrakis- and bis( N-methylpyridin-4-ium)alkane salts. The mechanism of aerobic oxidation of the latter compound is proposed, and a rare direct catalyst-free transition from saturated alkane to a gem-diol is demonstrated. Thermal DNA oxidation by cyanine dyes has potential in ROS-based cancer treatment and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Tikhomirova
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - R Marshall Wilson
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
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15
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Patlolla PR, Desai N, Gupta S, Datta B. Interaction of a dimeric carbocyanine dye aggregate with bovine serum albumin in non-aggregated and aggregated forms. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 209:256-263. [PMID: 30414574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of fluorescent dyes with serum proteins has garnered significant interest owing to potential for non-covalent labeling and imaging applications. In this work, dimeric benzothiazole-based trimethine cyanine dyes are synthesized and their interaction with bovine serum albumin studied. The dimeric cyanine dyes mainly exist as H-dimers and H-aggregates in aqueous solution. A combination of absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force and fluorescence microscopy indicate the formation of dye-BSA complexes. Binding of one of the dimeric dyes on BSA with a Ka of 1.49×105M-1 results in disruption of dye self-aggregates and unfolding of the dyes into the monomeric or open conformation. Fluorescence enhancement experienced by the dimeric dyes upon interaction with BSA is superior to that registered by Thioflavin T. Surfactant SDS has been used to further tune the self-aggregation of the dimeric dye resulting in a 200-fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of BSA. Interaction of a dimeric dye with BSA under conditions favoring protein aggregation is found to result in faster dye binding and the resulting fluorescence enhancement is easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The interaction of a dimeric cyanine dye aggregate with BSA is promising for non-covalent labeling applications in sharp contrast to the monomeric dye counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Reddy Patlolla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Nakshi Desai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
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16
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Detection/quantification of amyloid aggregation in solution using the novel fluorescent benzofuranone-derivative compounds as amyloid fluorescent probes: synthesis and in vitro characterization. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Patlolla PR, Das Mahapatra A, Mallajosyula SS, Datta B. Template-free H-dimer and H-aggregate formation by dimeric carbocyanine dyes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric cyanine dyes self-assemble into H-dimers and H-aggregates, which experience de-aggregation with specific biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Reddy Patlolla
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Palaj
- Gandhinagar 382355
- India
| | - Amarjyoti Das Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Palaj
- Gandhinagar 382355
- India
| | - Sairam S. Mallajosyula
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Palaj
- Gandhinagar 382355
- India
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
- Palaj
- Gandhinagar 382355
- India
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18
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Pretorius E, Page MJ, Engelbrecht L, Ellis GC, Kell DB. Substantial fibrin amyloidogenesis in type 2 diabetes assessed using amyloid-selective fluorescent stains. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:141. [PMID: 29096623 PMCID: PMC5668975 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that many chronic, inflammatory diseases are accompanied, and possibly partly caused or exacerbated, by various coagulopathies, manifested as anomalous clots in the form of 'dense matted deposits'. More recently, we have shown that these clots can be amyloid in nature, and that the plasma of healthy controls can be induced to form such clots by the addition of tiny amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also accompanied by raised levels of LPS. METHODS We use superresolution and confocal microscopies to investigate the amyloid nature of clots from healthy and T2D individuals. RESULTS We show here, with the established stain thioflavin T and the novel stains Amytracker™ 480 and 680, that the clotting of plasma from type 2 diabetics is also amyloid in nature, and that this may be prevented by the addition of suitable concentrations of LPS-binding protein. CONCLUSION This implies strongly that there is indeed a microbial component to the development of type 2 diabetes, and suggests that LBP might be used as treatment for it and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lize Engelbrecht
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa
| | - Graham C Ellis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa.,Synexus Helderberg Clinical Research Centre, Helderberg Synexus South Africa, 7G&H Arun Place, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosh, 7602, South Africa. .,School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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19
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Liu C, Yang W, Shen P, Gao Q, Du J, Yang C. A dual-modal red-emitting fluorescence probe for proteins based on modulation of AIE or TICT state. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Qingyun Gao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Jinya Du
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Changying Yang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science; China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
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20
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Kumar R, Jangir DK, Verma G, Shekhar S, Hanpude P, Kumar S, Kumari R, Singh N, Sarovar Bhavesh N, Ranjan Jana N, Kanti Maiti T. S-nitrosylation of UCHL1 induces its structural instability and promotes α-synuclein aggregation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44558. [PMID: 28300150 PMCID: PMC5353675 DOI: 10.1038/srep44558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme, which plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is one of the most important proteins, which constitute Lewy body in PD patient. However, how this well folded highly soluble protein presents in this proteinaceous aggregate is still unclear. We report here that UCHL1 undergoes S-nitrosylation in vitro and rotenone induced PD mouse model. The preferential nitrosylation in the Cys 90, Cys 152 and Cys 220 has been observed which alters the catalytic activity and structural stability. We show here that nitrosylation induces structural instability and produces amorphous aggregate, which provides a nucleation to the native α-synuclein for faster aggregation. Our findings provide a new link between UCHL1-nitrosylation and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deepak K Jangir
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Gurgaon, 122051, India
| | - Pranita Hanpude
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raniki Kumari
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Gurgaon, 122051, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
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21
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Gd-nanoparticles functionalization with specific peptides for ß-amyloid plaques targeting. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:60. [PMID: 27455834 PMCID: PMC4960888 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidoses are characterized by the extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteinaceous aggregates highly organized into cross-β structure and referred to as amyloid fibrils. Nowadays, the diagnosis of these diseases remains tedious and involves multiple examinations while an early and accurate protein typing is crucial for the patients' treatment. Routinely used neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) using Pittsburgh compound B, [(11)C]PIB, provide structural information and allow to assess the amyloid burden, respectively, but cannot discriminate between different amyloid deposits. Therefore, the availability of efficient multimodal imaging nanoparticles targeting specific amyloid fibrils would provide a minimally-invasive imaging tool useful for amyloidoses typing and early diagnosis. In the present study, we have functionalized gadolinium-based MRI nanoparticles (AGuIX) with peptides highly specific for Aβ amyloid fibrils, LPFFD and KLVFF. The capacity of such nanoparticles grafted with peptide to discriminate among different amyloid proteins, was tested with Aβ(1-42) fibrils and with mutated-(V30M) transthyretin (TTR) fibrils. RESULTS The results of surface plasmon resonance studies showed that both functionalized nanoparticles interact with Aβ(1-42) fibrils with equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) values of 403 and 350 µM respectively, whilst they did not interact with V30M-TTR fibrils. Similar experiments, performed with PIB, displayed an interaction both with Aβ(1-42) fibrils and V30M-TTR fibrils, with Kd values of 6 and 10 µM respectively, confirming this agent as a general amyloid fibril marker. Thereafter, the ability of functionalized nanoparticle to target and bind selectively Aβ aggregates was further investigated by immunohistochemistry on AD like-neuropathology brain tissue. Pictures clearly indicated that KLVFF-grafted or LPFFD-grafted to AGuIX nanoparticle recognized and bound the Aβ amyloid plaque localized in the mouse hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results constitute a first step for considering these functionalized nanoparticles as a valuable multimodal imaging tool to selectively discriminate and diagnose amyloidoses.
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Mora AK, Singh PK, Patro BS, Nath S. PicoGreen: a better amyloid probe than Thioflavin-T. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12163-12166. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05600h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PicoGreen, an ultrafast molecular rotor, binds strongly with amyloid fibrils and shows much higher sensitivity than Thioflavin-T, a gold standard fluorescence amyloid probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna K. Mora
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Prabhat K. Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Birija S. Patro
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Sukhendu Nath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
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23
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Kuperman MV, Chernii SV, Losytskyy MY, Kryvorotenko DV, Derevyanko NO, Slominskii YL, Kovalska VB, Yarmoluk SM. Trimethine cyanine dyes as fluorescent probes for amyloid fibrils: The effect of N,N′-substituents. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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v. Berlepsch H, Böttcher C. H-Aggregates of an Indocyanine Cy5 Dye: Transition from Strong to Weak Molecular Coupling. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11900-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans v. Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum
für
Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum
für
Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Wu JB, Shi C, Chu GCY, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Yu JS, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. Near-infrared fluorescence heptamethine carbocyanine dyes mediate imaging and targeted drug delivery for human brain tumor. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26197410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors and brain metastases are among the deadliest malignancies of all human cancers, largely due to the cellular blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers that limit the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents from the systemic circulation to tumors. Thus, improved strategies for brain tumor visualization and targeted treatment are critically needed. Here we identified and synthesized a group of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine carbocyanine dyes and derivative NIRF dye-drug conjugates for effective imaging and therapeutic targeting of brain tumors of either primary or metastatic origin in mice, which is mechanistically mediated by tumor hypoxia and organic anion-transporting polypeptide genes. We also demonstrate that these dyes, when conjugated to chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine, significantly restricted the growth of both intracranial glioma xenografts and prostate tumor brain metastases and prolonged survival in mice. These results show promise in the application of NIRF dyes as novel theranostic agents for the detection and treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changhong Shi
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qijin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - John S Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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26
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Chegaev K, Federico A, Marini E, Rolando B, Fruttero R, Morbin M, Rossi G, Fugnanesi V, Bastone A, Salmona M, Badiola NB, Gasparini L, Cocco S, Ripoli C, Grassi C, Gasco A. NO-donor thiacarbocyanines as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4688-4698. [PMID: 26078011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Some symmetrical and unsymmetrical thiacarbocyanines bearing NO-donor nitrooxy and furoxan moieties were synthesized and studied as candidate anti-Alzheimer's drugs. All products activated soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in a dose-dependent manner, depending on the presence in their structures of NO-donor groups. None displayed toxicity when tested at concentrations below 10 μM on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Some products were capable of inhibiting amyloid β-protein (Aβ) aggregation, with a potency in the low μM concentration range, and of inhibiting aggregation of human recombinant tau protein in amyloid fibrils when incubated with the protein at 1 μM concentration. Nitrooxy derivative 21 and furoxan derivative 22 were selected to investigate synaptic plasticity. Both products, tested at 2 μM concentration, counteracted the inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by Aβ42 in hippocampal brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Michela Morbin
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Fugnanesi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Bastone
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy
| | - Nahuai B Badiola
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology, UniversitàCattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Institute of Human Physiology, UniversitàCattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, UniversitàCattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
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27
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Freire S, Rodríguez‐Prieto F, Ríos Rodríguez MC, Penedo JC, Al‐Soufi W, Novo M. Towards Ratiometric Sensing of Amyloid Fibrils In Vitro. Chemistry 2015; 21:3425-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Freire
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27001 Lugo (Spain)
| | - Flor Rodríguez‐Prieto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and CIQUS, Campus Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
| | - M. Carmen Ríos Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and CIQUS, Campus Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
| | - J. Carlos Penedo
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS (UK)
| | - Wajih Al‐Soufi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27001 Lugo (Spain)
| | - Mercedes Novo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27001 Lugo (Spain)
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28
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Wu JB, Shao C, Li X, Shi C, Li Q, Hu P, Chen YT, Dou X, Sahu D, Li W, Harada H, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of cancer mediated by tumor hypoxia and HIF1α/OATPs signaling axis. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8175-85. [PMID: 24957295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging agents are promising tools for noninvasive cancer imaging. Here, we explored the mechanistic properties of a specific group of NIR heptamethine carbocyanines including MHI-148 dye we identified and synthesized, and demonstrated these dyes to achieve cancer-specific imaging and targeting via a hypoxia-mediated mechanism. We found that cancer cells and tumor xenografts exhibited hypoxia-dependent MHI-148 dye uptake in vitro and in vivo, which was directly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Microarray analysis and dye uptake assay further revealed a group of hypoxia-inducible organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) responsible for dye uptake, and the correlation between OATPs and HIF1α was manifested in progressive clinical cancer specimens. Finally, we demonstrated increased uptake of MHI-148 dye in situ in perfused clinical tumor samples with activated HIF1α/OATPs signaling. Our results establish these NIRF dyes as potential tumor hypoxia-dependent cancer-targeting agents and provide a mechanistic rationale for continued development of NIRF imaging agents for improved cancer detection, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chen Shao
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changhong Shi
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Dou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Divya Sahu
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yi Zhang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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29
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Berlepsch HV, Ludwig K, Böttcher C. Pinacyanol chloride forms mesoscopic H- and J-aggregates in aqueous solution – a spectroscopic and cryo-transmission electron microscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10659-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pinacyanol chloride self-assembles in aqueous solution into tubular H-aggregates and fibrillar J-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans v Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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v Berlepsch H, Böttcher C. Supramolecular structure of TTBC J-aggregates in solution and on surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4948-58. [PMID: 23527663 DOI: 10.1021/la400417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of cationic 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidacarbocyanine with chloride (TTBC-Cl) or iodide counterions (TTBC-I) in aqueous solution is investigated by absorption, linear dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TTBC-Cl is found to form J-aggregates with a classical Davydov-split absorption band (type I spectrum) even under different preparation conditions. These aggregates remain stable for months. Unlike the chloride salt, the iodide salt TTBC-I forms two different types of J-aggregates depending on the pH of the aqueous solution. The TTBC-I aggregates prepared in pure water (pH = 6) are characterized by a single redshifted absorption band (type III spectrum), whereas those prepared in alkaline solution at pH = 13 show a typical Davydov-split (type I) absorption band. Despite differences in counterions, preparation method, stability, and spectroscopic behavior, cryo-TEM reveals an identical tubular architecture for all these J-aggregates. Among the new structure models discussed here is a cylindrical brickwork layer of dye molecules for single-banded J-aggregates (type III). For Davydov-split aggregates (type I), a molecular herringbone-like pattern is proposed instead. Moreover, absorption spectra have revealed an additional single redshifted absorption band (type II spectrum) that is assigned to a surface aggregate and is induced by a specific interaction of the dye cation with the negatively charged cuvette wall. AFM measurements of analogous preparations on negatively charged mica surfaces have supported this interpretation and revealed the formation of monolayered sheet structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans v Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Vus K, Trusova V, Gorbenko G, Kirilova E, Kirilov G, Kalnina I, Kinnunen P. Novel aminobenzanthrone dyes for amyloid fibril detection. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Ghadami SA, Hossein-pour Z, Khodarahmi R, Ghobadi S, Adibi H. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of some benzothiazole- and benzofuranone-derivatives for quantification of fibrillar aggregates and inhibition of amyloid-mediated peroxidase activity. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Polymethine dyes as spectral-fluorescent probes for biomacromolecules. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Kovalska V, Losytskyy M, Chernii V, Volkova K, Tretyakova I, Cherepanov V, Yarmoluk S, Volkov S. Studies of anti-fibrillogenic activity of phthalocyanines of zirconium containing out-of-plane ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:330-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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35
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Berlepsch HV, Ludwig K, Kirstein S, Böttcher C. Mixtures of achiral amphiphilic cyanine dyes form helical tubular J-aggregates. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Ni Y, Liu Q, Kokot S. Spectrophotometric study of the interaction between chlorotetracycline and bovine serum albumin using Eosin Y as site marker with the aid of chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:443-448. [PMID: 21163687 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of chlorotetracycline (CTC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated under simulated physiological conditions by spectroscopy with the aid of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Eosin Y was selected as an alternative site I marker on the BSA to study the above molecular interaction. The binding of Eosin Y and CTC to BSA showed that CTC was displaced from CTC-BSA complex by Eosin Y, and Eosin Y-BSA complex was formed. However, the recorded fluorescence spectra of Eosin Y and Eosin Y-BSA overlapped and MCR-ALS was applied to resolve the two-way fluorescence spectra. From the resolved equilibrium concentration profiles, it was observed that Eosin Y competed with CTC in the binding process with BSA; it was also shown that the binding site of CTC on BSA was site I, and this was further confirmed by the fluorescence polarization method. Compared with some common site I markers for BSA, the fluorescence and UV-vis spectral shapes of the Eosin Y-BSA complex were quite different from that of Eosin Y, and this feature facilitated the investigation of the small molecule-BSA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnian Ni
- Stake Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
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Yarmoluk SM, Kovalska VB, Volkova KD. Optimized Dyes for Protein and Nucleic Acid Detection. ADVANCED FLUORESCENCE REPORTERS IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY III 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18035-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Volkova KD, Kovalska VB, Losytskyy MY, Fal KO, Derevyanko NO, Slominskii YL, Tolmachov OI, Yarmoluk SM. Hydroxy and Methoxy Substituted Thiacarbocyanines for Fluorescent Detection of Amyloid Formations. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:775-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Srivastava A, Singh PK, Kumbhakar M, Mukherjee T, Chattopadyay S, Pal H, Nath S. Identifying the bond responsible for the fluorescence modulation in an amyloid fibril sensor. Chemistry 2010; 16:9257-63. [PMID: 20583044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An ultrafast intramolecular bond twisting process is known to be the responsible mechanism for the sensing activity of the extensively used amyloid fibril sensor thioflavin T (ThT). However, it is not yet known which one of the two possible single bonds in ThT is actually involved in the twisting process. To resolve this fundamental issue, two derivatives of ThT have been designed and synthesized and subsequently their photophysical properties have been studied in different solvents. It is understood from the present study that the rotation around the central C-C single bond, and not that around the C-N single bond, is primarily responsible for the sensor activity of ThT. Detailed viscosity-dependent fluorescence studies revealed that the ThT derivative with restricted C-N bond rotation acts as a better sensor than the derivative with free C-N bond rotation. The better sensory activity is directly correlated with a shorter excited-state lifetime. Results obtained from the photophysical studies of the ThT derivatives have also been supported by the results obtained from quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Srivastava
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
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von Berlepsch H, Brandenburg E, Koksch B, Böttcher C. Peptide adsorption to cyanine dye aggregates revealed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11452-11460. [PMID: 20364866 DOI: 10.1021/la100944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The binding interaction between aggregates of the 5-chloro-2-[[5-chloro-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidene]methyl]-3-(3-sulfopropyl)benzothiazolium hydroxide inner salt ammonium salt (CD-1) and alpha-helix, as well as beta-sheet forming de novo designed peptides, was investigated by absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Both pure dye and pure peptides self-assembled into well-defined supramolecular assemblies in acetate buffer at pH = 4. The dye formed sheetlike and tubular H- and J-aggregates and the peptides alpha-helical coiled-coil assemblies or beta-sheet rich fibrils. After mixing dye and peptide solutions, tubular aggregates with an unusual ultrastructure were found, most likely due to the decoration of dye tubes with monolayers of peptide assemblies based on the strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged species. There was neither indication of a transfer of chirality from the peptides to the dye aggregates nor the opposite effect of a structural transfer from dye aggregates onto the peptides secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans von Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Studies of Interaction Between Cyanine Dye T-284 and Fibrillar Alpha-Synuclein. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:1267-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Gorbenko GP. Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Protein Oligomerization in Membranes. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:945-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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Volkova KD, Kovalska VB, Inshin D, Slominskii YL, Tolmachev OI, Yarmoluk SM. Novel fluorescent trimethine cyanine dye 7519 for amyloid fibril inhibition assay. Biotech Histochem 2010; 86:188-91. [DOI: 10.3109/10520291003648466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Groenning M. Binding mode of Thioflavin T and other molecular probes in the context of amyloid fibrils-current status. J Chem Biol 2010; 3:1-18. [PMID: 19693614 PMCID: PMC2816742 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-009-0027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because understanding amyloid fibrillation in molecular detail is essential for development of strategies to control amyloid formation and overcome neurodegenerative disorders, increased understanding of present molecular probes as well as development of new probes are of utmost importance. To date, the binding modes of these molecular probes to amyloid fibrils are by no means adequately described or understood, and the large number of studies on Thioflavin T (ThT) and Congo Red (CR) binding have resulted in models that are incomplete and conflicting. Different types of binding sites are likely to be present in amyloid fibrils with differences in binding modes. ThT may bind in channels running parallel to the long axis of the fibril. In the channels, ThT may bind in either a monomeric or dimeric form of which the molecular conformation is likely to be planar. CR may bind in grooves formed along the β-sheets as a planar molecule in either a monomeric or supramolecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Groenning
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- IFM, Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Congdon EE, Figueroa YH, Wang L, Toneva G, Chang E, Kuret J, Conrad C, Duff KE. Inhibition of tau polymerization with a cyanine dye in two distinct model systems. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20830-9. [PMID: 19478088 PMCID: PMC2742848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.016089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In a host of neurodegenerative diseases Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, aggregates into insoluble lesions within neurons. Previous studies have utilized cyanine dyes as Tau aggregation inhibitors in vitro. Herein we utilize cyanine dye 3,3'-diethyl-9-methyl-thiacarbocyanine iodide (C11) to modulate Tau polymerization in two model systems, an organotypic slice culture model derived from Tau transgenic mice and a split green fluorescent protein complementation assay in Tau-expressing cells. In slice cultures, submicromolar concentrations (0.001 microm) of C11 produced a significant reduction of aggregated Tau and a corresponding increase in unpolymerized Tau. In contrast, treatment with a 1 microm dose promoted aggregation of Tau. These results were recapitulated in the complementation assay where administration of 1 microm C11 produced a significant increase in polymerized Tau relative to control, whereas treatment of cells with 0.01 microm C11 resulted in a marked reduction of aggregated Tau. In the organotypic slice cultures, modulation of Tau aggregation was independent of changes in phosphorylation at disease and microtubule binding relevant epitopes for both dosing regimes. Furthermore, treatment with 0.001 microm C11 resulted in a decrease in both total filament mass and number. There was no evidence of apoptosis or loss of synaptic integrity at either dose, however, whereas submicromolar concentrations of C11 did not interfere with microtubule binding, higher doses resulted in a decrease in the levels of microtubule-bound Tau. Overall, a cyanine dye can dissociate aggregated Tau in an ex vivo model of tauopathy with little toxicity and exploration of the use of these type of dyes as therapeutic agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Congdon
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
| | - Yvette H. Figueroa
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
| | - Lili Wang
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
| | - Galina Toneva
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
| | | | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Christopher Conrad
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
| | - Karen E. Duff
- From the Department of Pathology, Taub Institute, Columbia University and Department of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032 and
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Crystal structure and synthesis of benzimidazole substituted acrylonitriles and benzimidazo[1, 2-a]quinolines. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-008-9398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hawe A, Sutter M, Jiskoot W. Extrinsic fluorescent dyes as tools for protein characterization. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1487-99. [PMID: 18172579 PMCID: PMC2440933 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 856] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent, extrinsic fluorescent dyes are applied in various fields of protein analysis, e.g. to characterize folding intermediates, measure surface hydrophobicity, and detect aggregation or fibrillation. The main underlying mechanisms, which explain the fluorescence properties of many extrinsic dyes, are solvent relaxation processes and (twisted) intramolecular charge transfer reactions, which are affected by the environment and by interactions of the dyes with proteins. In recent time, the use of extrinsic fluorescent dyes such as ANS, Bis-ANS, Nile Red, Thioflavin T and others has increased, because of their versatility, sensitivity and suitability for high-throughput screening. The intention of this review is to give an overview of available extrinsic dyes, explain their spectral properties, and show illustrative examples of their various applications in protein characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hawe
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Sutter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Novartis Pharma AG, WSJ-316.4.14, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Syntheses and properties of photostable near-infrared cyanines and their cyclodextrin conjugates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Fluorescent N-arylaminonaphthalene sulfonate probes for amyloid aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Biophys J 2008; 94:4867-79. [PMID: 18339734 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.125211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of fibrillar structures (amyloids) is characteristic of pathological conditions including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The detection of protein deposits and the evaluation of their kinetics of aggregation are generally based on fluorescent probes such as thioflavin T and Congo red. In a search for improved fluorescence tools for studying amyloid formation, we explored the ability of N-arylaminonaphthalene sulfonate (NAS) derivatives to act as noncovalent probes of alpha-synuclein (AS) fibrillation, a process linked to Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The compounds bound to fibrillar AS with micromolar K(d)s, and exhibited fluorescence enhancement, hyperchromism, and high anisotropy. We conclude that the probes experience a hydrophobic environment and/or restricted motion in a polar region. Time- and spectrally resolved emission intensity and anisotropy provided further information regarding structural features of the protein and the dynamics of solvent relaxation. The steady-state and time-resolved parameters changed during the course of aggregation. Compared with thioflavin T, NAS derivatives constitute more sensitive and versatile probes for AS aggregation, and in the case of bis-NAS detect oligomeric as well as fibrillar species. They can function in convenient, continuous assays, thereby providing useful tools for studying the mechanisms of amyloid formation and for high-throughput screening of factors inhibiting and/or reversing protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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