1
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Obaseki E, Adebayo D, Bandyopadhyay S, Hariri H. Lipid droplets and fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity: in a nutshell. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1207-1214. [PMID: 38281809 PMCID: PMC11126361 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are conserved from bacteria to humans. LDs are broken down to supply cells with fatty acids (FAs) that can be used as an energy source or membrane synthesis. An overload of FAs disrupts cellular functions and causes lipotoxicity. Thus, by acting as hubs for storing excess fat, LDs prevent lipotoxicity and preserve cellular homeostasis. LD synthesis and turnover have to be precisely regulated to maintain a balanced lipid distribution and allow for cellular adaptation during stress. Here, we discuss how prolonged exposure to excess lipids affects cellular functions, and the roles of LDs in buffering cellular stress focusing on lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseiwi Obaseki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Daniel Adebayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Sumit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
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2
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Kumar R, Vitvitsky V, Sethaudom A, Singhal R, Solanki S, Alibeckoff S, Hiraki HL, Bell HN, Andren A, Baker BM, Lyssiotis CA, Shah YM, Banerjee R. Sulfide oxidation promotes hypoxic angiogenesis and neovascularization. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01583-8. [PMID: 38509349 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenic programming in the vascular endothelium is a tightly regulated process for maintaining tissue homeostasis and is activated in tissue injury and the tumor microenvironment. The metabolic basis of how gas signaling molecules regulate angiogenesis is elusive. Here, we report that hypoxic upregulation of ·NO in endothelial cells reprograms the transsulfuration pathway to increase biogenesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a proangiogenic metabolite. However, decreased H2S oxidation due to sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) deficiency synergizes with hypoxia, inducing a reductive shift and limiting endothelial proliferation that is attenuated by dissipation of the mitochondrial NADH pool. Tumor xenografts in whole-body (WBCreSqorfl/fl) and endothelial-specific (VE-cadherinCre-ERT2Sqorfl/fl) Sqor-knockout mice exhibit lower mass and angiogenesis than control mice. WBCreSqorfl/fl mice also exhibit decreased muscle angiogenesis following femoral artery ligation compared to control mice. Collectively, our data reveal the molecular intersections between H2S, O2 and ·NO metabolism and identify SQOR inhibition as a metabolic vulnerability for endothelial cell proliferation and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Apichaya Sethaudom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rashi Singhal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Alibeckoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hannah N Bell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Hanna DA, Diessl J, Guha A, Kumar R, Andren A, Lyssiotis C, Banerjee R. H 2S preconditioning induces long-lived perturbations in O 2 metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319473121. [PMID: 38478695 PMCID: PMC10962982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319473121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide exposure in moderate doses can induce profound but reversible hypometabolism in mammals. At a cellular level, H2S inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC), augments aerobic glycolysis, and glutamine-dependent carbon utilization via reductive carboxylation; however, the durability of these changes is unknown. We report that despite its volatility, H2S preconditioning increases P50(O2), the O2 pressure for half-maximal cellular respiration, and has pleiotropic effects on oxidative metabolism that persist up to 24 to 48 h later. Notably, cyanide, another complex IV inhibitor, does not induce this type of metabolic memory. Sulfide-mediated prolonged fractional inhibition of complex IV by H2S is modulated by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, which commits sulfide to oxidative catabolism. Since induced hypometabolism can be beneficial in disease settings that involve insufficient or interrupted blood flow, our study has important implications for attenuating reperfusion-induced ischemic injury and/or prolonging the shelf life of biologics like platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hanna
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Jutta Diessl
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Arkajit Guha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Costas Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
- Department of Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0600
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4
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Benisch R, Giessen TW. Structural and biochemical characterization of an encapsulin-associated rhodanese from Acinetobacter baumannii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.19.581022. [PMID: 38464153 PMCID: PMC10925157 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.19.581022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Rhodanese-like domains (RLDs) represent a widespread protein family canonically involved in sulfur transfer reactions between diverse donor and acceptor molecules. RLDs mediate these transsulfuration reactions via a transient persulfide intermediate, created by modifying a conserved cysteine residue in their active sites. RLDs are involved in various aspects of sulfur metabolism, including sulfide oxidation in mitochondria, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and thio-cofactor biosynthesis. However, due to the inherent complexity of sulfur metabolism caused by the intrinsically high nucleophilicity and redox sensitivity of thiol-containing compounds, the physiological functions of many RLDs remain to be explored. Here, we focus on a single domain Acinetobacter baumannii RLD (Ab-RLD) associated with a desulfurase encapsulin which is able to store substantial amounts of sulfur inside its protein shell. We determine the 1.6 Å x-ray crystal structure of Ab-RLD, highlighting a homodimeric structure with a number of unusual features. We show through kinetic analysis that Ab-RLD exhibits thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity with both cyanide and glutathione acceptors. Using native mass spectrometry and in vitro assays, we provide evidence that Ab-RLD can stably carry a persulfide and thiosulfate modification and may employ a ternary catalytic mechanism. Our results will inform future studies aimed at investigating the functional link between Ab-RLD and the desulfurase encapsulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Benisch
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tobias W. Giessen
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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5
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Hanna DA, Diessl J, Guha A, Kumar R, Andren A, Lyssiotis C, Banerjee R. H 2 S preconditioning induces long-lived perturbations in O 2 metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563353. [PMID: 37904965 PMCID: PMC10614939 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide exposure in moderate doses can induce profound but reversible hypometabolism in mammals. At a cellular level, H 2 S inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC), augments aerobic glycolysis, and glutamine-dependent carbon utilization via reductive carboxylation; however, the durability of these changes is unknown. We report that despite its volatility, H 2 S preconditioning increases P 50(O2) , the O 2 pressure for half maximal cellular respiration, and has pleiotropic effects on oxidative metabolism that persist up to 24-48 h later. Notably, cyanide, another complex IV inhibitor, does not induce this type of metabolic memory. Sulfide-mediated prolonged fractional inhibition of complex IV by H 2 S is modulated by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, which commits sulfide to oxidative catabolism. Since induced hypometabolism can be beneficial in disease settings that involve insufficient or interrupted blood flow, our study has important implications for attenuating reperfusion-induced ischemic injury, and/or prolonging shelf life of biologics like platelets.
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6
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Hanna DA, Vitvitsky V, Banerjee R. A growth chamber for chronic exposure of mammalian cells to H 2S. Anal Biochem 2023; 673:115191. [PMID: 37207973 PMCID: PMC10668543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
H2S is a redox-active signaling molecule that exerts an array of cellular and physiological effects. While intracellular H2S concentrations are estimated to be in the low nanomolar range, intestinal luminal concentrations can be significantly higher due to microbial metabolism. Studies assessing H2S effects are typically conducted with a bolus treatment with sulfide salts or slow releasing sulfide donors, which are limited by the volatility of H2S, and by potential off-target effects of the donor molecules. To address these limitations, we describe the design and performance of a mammalian cell culture incubator for sustained exposure to 20-500 ppm H2S (corresponding to a dissolved sulfide concentrations of ∼4-120 μM in the cell culture medium). We report that colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells tolerate prolonged exposure to H2S with no effect on cell viability after 24 h although ≥50 ppm H2S (∼10 μM) restricts cell proliferation. Even the lowest concentration of H2S used in this study (i.e. ∼4 μM) significantly enhanced glucose consumption and lactate production, revealing a much lower threshold for impacting cellular energy metabolism and activating aerobic glycolysis than has been previously appreciated from studies with bolus H2S treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hanna
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0600, USA
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0600, USA; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109029, Russia
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0600, USA.
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Prabhakaran P, Raethong N, Thananusak R, Nazir MYM, Sapkaew C, Soommat P, Kingkaw A, Hamid AA, Vongsangnak W, Song Y. Revealing holistic metabolic responses associated with lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production in Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159306. [PMID: 36907245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1, a marine thraustochytrid, has been regarded as a potential candidate as a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) producer. Even though the genomics of Aurantiochytrium sp. are available, the metabolic responses at a systems level are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the global metabolic responses to DHA production in Aurantiochytrium sp. through transcriptome and genome-scale network-driven analysis. Of a total of 13,505 genes, 2527 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Aurantiochytrium sp., unravelling the transcriptional regulations behinds lipid and DHA accumulation. The highest number of DEG were found for pairwise comparison between growth phase and lipid accumulating phase where a total of 1435 genes were down-regulated with 869 genes being up-regulated. These uncovered several metabolic pathways that contributing in DHA and lipid accumulation including amino acid and acetate metabolism which involve in the generation of crucial precursors. Upon applying network-driven analysis, hydrogen sulphide was found as potential reporter metabolite that could be associated with the genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis for DHA production. Our findings suggest that the transcriptional regulation of these pathways is a ubiquitous feature in response to specific cultivation phases during DHA overproduction in Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranesha Prabhakaran
- Colin Ratledge Centre for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China; Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nachon Raethong
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Roypim Thananusak
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mohamed Yusuf Mohamed Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Centre for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China; Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chakkapan Sapkaew
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panyawarin Soommat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatic Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornthep Kingkaw
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Centre for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
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8
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Cornwell A, Badiei A. From Gasotransmitter to Immunomodulator: The Emerging Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Macrophage Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040935. [PMID: 37107310 PMCID: PMC10135606 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial inflammatory mediator in immune cells, particularly macrophages, due to its direct and indirect effects on cellular signaling, redox homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The intricate regulation of endogenous H2S production and metabolism involves the coordination of transsulfuration pathway (TSP) enzymes and sulfide oxidizing enzymes, with TSP's role at the intersection of the methionine pathway and glutathione synthesis reactions. Additionally, H2S oxidation mediated by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) in mammalian cells may partially control cellular concentrations of this gasotransmitter to induce signaling. H2S is hypothesized to signal through the posttranslational modification known as persulfidation, with recent research highlighting the significance of reactive polysulfides, a derivative of sulfide metabolism. Overall, sulfides have been identified as having promising therapeutic potential to alleviate proinflammatory macrophage phenotypes, which are linked to the exacerbation of disease outcomes in various inflammatory conditions. H2S is now acknowledged to have a significant influence on cellular energy metabolism by affecting the redox environment, gene expression, and transcription factor activity, resulting in changes to both mitochondrial and cytosolic energy metabolism processes. This review covers recent discoveries pertaining to the involvement of H2S in macrophage cellular energy metabolism and redox regulation, and the potential implications for the inflammatory response of these cells in the broader framework of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cornwell
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Alireza Badiei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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Kumar R, Vitvitsky V, Seth P, Hiraki HL, Bell H, Andren A, Singhal R, Baker BM, Lyssiotis CA, Shah YM, Banerjee R. Sulfide oxidation promotes hypoxic angiogenesis and neovascularization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532677. [PMID: 36993187 PMCID: PMC10055101 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic programming in the vascular endothelium is a tightly regulated process to maintain tissue homeostasis and is activated in tissue injury and the tumor microenvironment. The metabolic basis of how gas signaling molecules regulate angiogenesis is elusive. Herein, we report that hypoxic upregulation of NO synthesis in endothelial cells reprograms the transsulfuration pathway and increases H 2 S biogenesis. Furthermore, H 2 S oxidation by mitochondrial sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) rather than downstream persulfides, synergizes with hypoxia to induce a reductive shift, limiting endothelial cell proliferation that is attenuated by dissipation of the mitochondrial NADH pool. Tumor xenografts in whole-body WB Cre SQOR fl/fl knockout mice exhibit lower mass and reduced angiogenesis compared to SQOR fl/fl controls. WB Cre SQOR fl/fl mice also exhibit reduced muscle angiogenesis following femoral artery ligation, compared to controls. Collectively, our data reveal the molecular intersections between H 2 S, O 2 and NO metabolism and identify SQOR inhibition as a metabolic vulnerability for endothelial cell proliferation and neovascularization. Highlights Hypoxic induction of •NO in endothelial cells inhibits CBS and switches CTH reaction specificity Hypoxic interruption of the canonical transsulfuration pathway promotes H 2 S synthesis Synergizing with hypoxia, SQOR deficiency induces a reductive shift in the ETC and restricts proliferationSQOR KO mice exhibit lower neovascularization in tumor xenograft and hind limb ischemia models.
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10
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Wolfschmitt EM, Hogg M, Vogt JA, Zink F, Wachter U, Hezel F, Zhang X, Hoffmann A, Gröger M, Hartmann C, Gässler H, Datzmann T, Merz T, Hellmann A, Kranz C, Calzia E, Radermacher P, Messerer DAC. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on immune cell metabolism during porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125594. [PMID: 36911662 PMCID: PMC9996035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), an H2S releasing agent, was shown to be organ-protective in experimental hemorrhage. Systemic inflammation activates immune cells, which in turn show cell type-specific metabolic plasticity with modifications of mitochondrial respiratory activity. Since H2S can dose-dependently stimulate or inhibit mitochondrial respiration, we investigated the effect of Na2S2O3 on immune cell metabolism in a blinded, randomized, controlled, long-term, porcine model of hemorrhage and resuscitation. For this purpose, we developed a Bayesian sampling-based model for 13C isotope metabolic flux analysis (MFA) utilizing 1,2-13C2-labeled glucose, 13C6-labeled glucose, and 13C5-labeled glutamine tracers. Methods After 3 h of hemorrhage, anesthetized and surgically instrumented swine underwent resuscitation up to a maximum of 68 h. At 2 h of shock, animals randomly received vehicle or Na2S2O3 (25 mg/kg/h for 2 h, thereafter 100 mg/kg/h until 24 h after shock). At three time points (prior to shock, 24 h post shock and 64 h post shock) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes were isolated from whole blood, and cells were investigated regarding mitochondrial oxygen consumption (high resolution respirometry), reactive oxygen species production (electron spin resonance) and fluxes within the metabolic network (stable isotope-based MFA). Results PBMCs showed significantly higher mitochondrial O2 uptake and lower O 2 • - production in comparison to granulocytes. We found that in response to Na2S2O3 administration, PBMCs but not granulocytes had an increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption combined with a transient reduction of the citrate synthase flux and an increase of acetyl-CoA channeled into other compartments, e.g., for lipid biogenesis. Conclusion In a porcine model of hemorrhage and resuscitation, Na2S2O3 administration led to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption combined with stimulation of lipid biogenesis in PBMCs. In contrast, granulocytes remained unaffected. Granulocytes, on the other hand, remained unaffected. O 2 • - concentration in whole blood remained constant during shock and resuscitation, indicating a sufficient anti-oxidative capacity. Overall, our MFA model seems to be is a promising approach for investigating immunometabolism; especially when combined with complementary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Wolfschmitt
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Hogg
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Albert Vogt
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hezel
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clair Hartmann
- Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Gässler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Datzmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellmann
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Alexander Christian Messerer
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Hanna D, Kumar R, Banerjee R. A Metabolic Paradigm for Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling via Electron Transport Chain Plasticity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:57-67. [PMID: 35651282 PMCID: PMC9885546 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A burgeoning literature has attributed varied physiological effects to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a product of eukaryotic sulfur amino acid metabolism. Protein persulfidation represents a major focus of studies elucidating the mechanism underlying H2S signaling. On the contrary, the capacity of H2S to induce reductive stress by targeting the electron transport chain (ETC) and signal by reprogramming redox metabolism has only recently begun to be elucidated. Recent Advances: In contrast to the nonspecific reaction of H2S with oxidized cysteines to form protein persulfides, its inhibition of complex IV represents a specific mechanism of action. Studies on the dual impact of H2S as an ETC substrate and an inhibitor have led to the exciting discovery of ETC plasticity and the use of fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor. H2S oxidation combined with complex IV targeting generates mitochondrial reductive stress, which is signaled through the metabolic network, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis, glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation, and lipogenesis. Critical Issues: Insights into H2S-induced metabolic reprogramming are ushering in a paradigm shift for understanding the mechanism of its cellular action. It will be critical to reevaluate the physiological effects of H2S, for example, cytoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, through the framework of metabolic reprogramming and ETC remodeling by H2S. Future Directions: The metabolic ramifications of H2S in other cellular compartments, for example, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus, as well as the intersections between hypoxia and H2S signaling are important future directions that merit elucidation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 57-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hanna
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Johannes L, Fu CY, Schwarz G. Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency in Humans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206896. [PMID: 36296488 PMCID: PMC9607355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) deficiency (MoCD) is characterized by neonatal-onset myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy and dystonia with cerebral MRI changes similar to hypoxic-ischemic lesions. The molecular cause of the disease is the loss of sulfite oxidase (SOX) activity, one of four Moco-dependent enzymes in men. Accumulating toxic sulfite causes a secondary increase of metabolites such as S-sulfocysteine and thiosulfate as well as a decrease in cysteine and its oxidized form, cystine. Moco is synthesized by a three-step biosynthetic pathway that involves the gene products of MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GPHN. Depending on which synthetic step is impaired, MoCD is classified as type A, B, or C. This distinction is relevant for patient management because the metabolic block in MoCD type A can be circumvented by administering cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). Substitution therapy with cPMP is highly effective in reducing sulfite toxicity and restoring biochemical homeostasis, while the clinical outcome critically depends on the degree of brain injury prior to the start of treatment. In the absence of a specific treatment for MoCD type B/C and SOX deficiency, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying metabolic changes in cysteine homeostasis and propose novel therapeutic interventions to circumvent those pathological changes.
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Gas regulation of complex II reversal via electron shunting to fumarate in the mammalian ETC. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:689-698. [PMID: 35397924 PMCID: PMC9288524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a major currency converter that exchanges the chemical energy of fuel oxidation to proton motive force and, subsequently, ATP generation, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor. Discussed herein, two new studies reveal that the mammalian ETC is forked. Hypoxia or H2S exposure promotes the use of fumarate as an alternate terminal electron acceptor. The fumarate/succinate and CoQH2/CoQ redox couples are nearly iso-potential, revealing that complex II is poised for facile reverse electron transfer, which is sensitive to CoQH2 and fumarate concentrations. The gas regulators, H2S and •NO, modulate O2 affinity and/or inhibit the electron transfer rate at complex IV. Their induction under hypoxia suggests a mechanism for how traffic at the ETC fork can be regulated.
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A redox cycle with complex II prioritizes sulfide quinone oxidoreductase-dependent H 2S oxidation. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101435. [PMID: 34808207 PMCID: PMC8683732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual roles of H2S as an endogenously synthesized respiratory substrate and as a toxin raise questions as to how it is cleared when the electron transport chain is inhibited. Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) catalyzes the first step in the mitochondrial H2S oxidation pathway, using CoQ as an electron acceptor, and connects to the electron transport chain at the level of complex III. We have discovered that at high H2S concentrations, which are known to inhibit complex IV, a new redox cycle is established between SQOR and complex II, operating in reverse. Under these conditions, the purine nucleotide cycle and the malate aspartate shuttle furnish fumarate, which supports complex II reversal and leads to succinate accumulation. Complex II knockdown in colonocytes decreases the efficiency of H2S clearance while targeted knockout of complex II in intestinal epithelial cells significantly decreases the levels of thiosulfate, a biomarker of H2S oxidation, to approximately one-third of the values seen in serum and urine samples from control mice. These data establish the physiological relevance of this newly discovered redox circuitry between SQOR and complex II for prioritizing H2S oxidation and reveal the quantitatively significant contribution of intestinal epithelial cells to systemic H2S metabolism.
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