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Sharifi S, Yamamoto T, Zeug A, Elsner M, Avezov E, Mehmeti I. Non-esterified fatty acid palmitate facilitates oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of β-cells by upregulating ERO-1α expression. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103170. [PMID: 38692092 PMCID: PMC11070623 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived non-esterified saturated long-chain fatty acid palmitate (PA) decisively contributes to β-cell demise in type 2 diabetes mellitus in part through the excessive generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as the primary site of oxidative protein folding could represent a significant source of H2O2. Both ER-oxidoreductin-1 (ERO-1) isoenzymes, ERO-1α and ERO-1β, catalyse oxidative protein folding within the ER, generating equimolar amounts of H2O2 for every disulphide bond formed. However, whether ERO-1-derived H2O2 constitutes a potential source of cytotoxic luminal H2O2 under lipotoxic conditions is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both ERO-1 isoforms are expressed in pancreatic β-cells, but interestingly, PA only significantly induces ERO-1α. Its specific deletion significantly attenuates PA-mediated oxidative ER stress and subsequent β-cell death by decreasing PA-mediated ER-luminal and mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation, by counteracting the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis, and by mitigating the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered ATP content. Moreover, ablation of ERO-1α alleviated PA-induced hyperoxidation of the ER redox milieu. Importantly, ablation of ERO-1α did not affect the insulin secretory capacity, the unfolded protein response, or ER redox homeostasis under steady-state conditions. The involvement of ERO-1α-derived H2O2 in PA-mediated β-cell lipotoxicity was corroborated by the overexpression of a redox-active ERO-1α underscoring the proapoptotic activity of ERO-1α in pancreatic β-cells. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of ERO-1α-derived H2O2 in lipotoxic ER stress and β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sharifi
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Zeug
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Wang H, Lakshmana MK, Fields GB. Identification of binding partners that facilitate membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) processing of amyloid precursor protein. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31218. [PMID: 38345408 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In addition to Aβ as the core component of the amyloid plaque, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing fragment Aβ was also found accumulated around the plaque. The APPη pathway, mainly mediated by membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP), represents an important factor in AD pathogenesis. The proamyloidogenic features of MT5-MMP could result from interactions with APP when trafficking between organelles, so determination of the location within the cell of APPη cleavage and interacting proteins of MT5-MMP affecting this process will be of priority in understanding the role of MT5-MMP in AD. In the present study, MT5-MMP was found to be located in the nucleus, cytosol, and cytosolic subcellular granules of CHO cells that stably expressed wild-type human APP751. MT5-MMP fusion proteins were constructed that could localize enzyme production in the Golgi apparatus, endosome, ER, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. The fusion proteins significantly increased sAPPη when directed to the endosome, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or mitochondria. Since the C-terminal region of MT5-MMP is responsible for its intracellular location and trafficking, this domain was used as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify MT5-MMP protein partners in a human brain cDNA library. Identified binding partners included N4BP2L1, TMX3, EIG121, bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), RUFY4, HTRA1, and TMEM199. The binding of N4BP2L1, EIG121, BIN1, or TMX3 to MT5-MMP resulted in the most significant increase in sAPPη production. Thus, the action of MT5-MMP on APP occurs in multiple locations within the cell and is facilitated by site-specific binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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3
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Shcholok T, Eftekharpour E. Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38534450 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Redox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs at the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are reduced by a supply of thiol antioxidant molecules including glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin. While these molecules show complex compensatory roles in experimental conditions, transgenic animal models provide a comprehensive picture to pinpoint the role of each antioxidant. In this review, we have specifically focused on the available literature on thioredoxin-1 system transgenic models that include thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase proteins. As the identification of thioredoxin protein targets is technically challenging, the true contribution of this system in maintaining cellular balance remains unidentified, including the role of this system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Shcholok
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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4
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Tao S, Yang EJ, Zong G, Mou PK, Ren G, Pu Y, Chen L, Kwon HJ, Zhou J, Hu Z, Khosravi A, Zhang Q, Du Y, Shi WQ, Shim JS. ER translocon inhibitor ipomoeassin F inhibits triple-negative breast cancer growth via blocking ER molecular chaperones. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4020-4035. [PMID: 37705743 PMCID: PMC10496495 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer where no effective therapy has been developed. Here, we report that the natural product ER translocon inhibitor ipomoeassin F is a selective inhibitor of TNBC cell growth. A proteomic analysis of TNBC cells revealed that ipomoeassin F significantly reduced the levels of ER molecular chaperones, including PDIA6 and PDIA4, and induced ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, ipomoeassin F, as an inhibitor of Sec61α-containing ER translocon, blocks ER translocation of PDIA6, inducing its proteasomal degradation. Silencing of PDIA6 or PDIA4 by RNA interferences or treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of the protein disulfide isomerases in TNBC cells successfully recapitulated the ipomoeassin F phenotypes, including the induction of ER stress, UPR and autophagy, suggesting that the reduction of PDIAs is the key mediator of the pharmacological effects of ipomoeassin F. Moreover, ipomoeassin F significantly suppressed TNBC growth in a mouse tumor xenograft model, with a marked reduction in PDIA6 and PDIA4 levels in the tumor samples. Our study demonstrates that Sec61α-containing ER translocon and PDIAs are potential drug targets for TNBC and suggests that ipomoeassin F could serve as a lead for developing ER translocon-targeted therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Tao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pui Kei Mou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guowen Ren
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Leader Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, New York, 11030, USA
| | - Arman Khosravi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Arkansas, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Yuchun Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Wei Q. Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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5
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Ponzar N, Pozzi N. Probing the conformational dynamics of thiol-isomerases using non-canonical amino acids and single-molecule FRET. Methods 2023; 214:8-17. [PMID: 37068599 PMCID: PMC10203983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds drive protein correct folding, prevent protein aggregation, and stabilize three-dimensional structures of proteins and their assemblies. Dysregulation of this activity leads to several disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and thrombosis. A family of 20+ enzymes, called thiol-isomerases (TIs), oversee this process in the endoplasmic reticulum of human cells to ensure efficacy and accuracy. While the biophysical and biochemical properties of cysteine residues are well-defined, our structural knowledge of how TIs select, interact and process their substrates remains poorly understood. How TIs structurally and functionally respond to changes in redox environment and other post-translational modifications remain unclear, too. We recently developed a workflow for site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), the prototypical member of TIs. Combined with click chemistry, this strategy enabled us to perform single-molecule biophysical studies of PDI under various solution conditions. This paper details protocols and discusses challenges in performing these experiments. We expect this approach, combined with other emerging technologies in single-molecule biophysics and structural biology, to facilitate the exploration of the mechanisms by which TIs carry out their fascinating but poorly understood roles in humans, especially in the context of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ponzar
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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6
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Hazari Y, Urra H, Garcia Lopez VA, Diaz J, Tamburini G, Milani M, Pihan P, Durand S, Aprahamia F, Baxter R, Huang M, Dong XC, Vihinen H, Batista-Gonzalez A, Godoy P, Criollo A, Ratziu V, Foufelle F, Hengstler JG, Jokitalo E, Bailly-Maitre B, Maiers JL, Plate L, Kroemer G, Hetz C. The endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 regulates collagen secretion through the enforcement of the proteostasis factor P4HB/PDIA1 contributing to liver damage and fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.538835. [PMID: 37205565 PMCID: PMC10187203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.538835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one the most abundant proteins and the main cargo of the secretory pathway, contributing to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Here we investigated the possible contribution of the unfolded protein response, the main adaptive pathway that monitors and adjusts the protein production capacity at the endoplasmic reticulum, to collagen biogenesis and liver disease. Genetic ablation of the ER stress sensor IRE1 reduced liver damage and diminished collagen deposition in models of liver fibrosis triggered by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) administration or by high fat diet. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identified the prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB, also known as PDIA1), which is known to be critical for collagen maturation, as a major IRE1-induced gene. Cell culture studies demonstrated that IRE1 deficiency results in collagen retention at the ER and altered secretion, a phenotype rescued by P4HB overexpression. Taken together, our results collectively establish a role of the IRE1/P4HB axis in the regulation of collagen production and its significance in the pathogenesis of various disease states.
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Wu S, Xue Q, Qin X, Wu X, Kim P, Chyr J, Zhou X, Huang L. The Potential Regulation of A-to-I RNA Editing on Genes in Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040919. [PMID: 37107677 PMCID: PMC10137963 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration and an abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates. A number of genetic factors have been shown to increase the risk of PD. Exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate PD's transcriptomic diversity can help us understand neurodegenerative pathogenesis. In this study, we identified 9897 A-to-I RNA editing events associated with 6286 genes across 372 PD patients. Of them, 72 RNA editing events altered miRNA binding sites and this may directly affect miRNA regulations of their host genes. However, RNA editing effects on the miRNA regulation of genes are more complex. They can (1) abolish existing miRNA binding sites, which allows miRNAs to regulate other genes; (2) create new miRNA binding sites that may sequester miRNAs from regulating other genes; or (3) occur in the miRNA seed regions and change their targets. The first two processes are also referred to as miRNA competitive binding. In our study, we found 8 RNA editing events that may alter the expression of 1146 other genes via miRNA competition. We also found one RNA editing event that modified a miRNA seed region, which was predicted to disturb the regulation of four genes. Considering the PD-related functions of the affected genes, 25 A-to-I RNA editing biomarkers for PD are proposed, including the 3 editing events in the EIF2AK2, APOL6, and miR-4477b seed regions. These biomarkers may alter the miRNA regulation of 133 PD-related genes. All these analyses reveal the potential mechanisms and regulations of RNA editing in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Qiuping Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xinyu Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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8
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Dousti M, Hosseinpour M, D Ghasemi N, Mirfakhraee H, Rajabi SK, Rashidi S, Hatam G. The potential role of protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) during parasitic infections: a focus on Leishmania spp. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:ftad032. [PMID: 38061803 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of vector-borne diseases caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Leishmania parasites can employ different and numerous sophisticated strategies, including modulating host proteins, cell signaling, and cell responses by parasite proteins, to change the infected host conditions to favor the parasite persistence and induce pathogenesis. In this sense, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) have been described as crucial proteins that can be modulated during leishmaniasis and affect the pathogenesis process. The effect of modulated PDIs can be investigated in both aspects, parasite PDIs and infected host cell PDIs, during infection. The information concerning PDIs is not sufficient in parasitology; however, this study aimed to provide data regarding the biological functions of such crucial proteins in parasites with a focus on Leishmania spp. and their relevant effects on the pathogenesis process. Although there are no clinical trial vaccines and therapeutic approaches, highlighting this information might be fruitful for the development of novel strategies based on PDIs for the management of parasitic diseases, especially leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Dousti
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hosseinpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadia D Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hosna Mirfakhraee
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin K Rajabi
- Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Zhang X, Young C, Morishita Y, Kim K, Kabil OO, Clarke OB, Di Jeso B, Arvan P. Defective Thyroglobulin: Cell Biology of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13605. [PMID: 36362390 PMCID: PMC9657758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary functional units of the thyroid gland are follicles of various sizes comprised of a monolayer of epithelial cells (thyrocytes) surrounding an apical extracellular cavity known as the follicle lumen. In the normal thyroid gland, the follicle lumen is filled with secreted protein (referred to as colloid), comprised nearly exclusively of thyroglobulin with a half-life ranging from days to weeks. At the cellular boundary of the follicle lumen, secreted thyroglobulin becomes iodinated, resulting from the coordinated activities of enzymes localized to the thyrocyte apical plasma membrane. Thyroglobulin appearance in evolution is essentially synchronous with the appearance of the follicular architecture of the vertebrate thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin is the most highly expressed thyroid gene and represents the most abundantly expressed thyroid protein. Wildtype thyroglobulin protein is a large and complex glycoprotein that folds in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to homodimerization and export via the classical secretory pathway to the follicle lumen. However, of the hundreds of human thyroglobulin genetic variants, most exhibit increased susceptibility to misfolding with defective export from the endoplasmic reticulum, triggering hypothyroidism as well as thyroidal endoplasmic reticulum stress. The human disease of hypothyroidism with defective thyroglobulin (either homozygous, or compound heterozygous) can be experimentally modeled in thyrocyte cell culture, or in whole animals, such as mice that are readily amenable to genetic manipulation. From a combination of approaches, it can be demonstrated that in the setting of thyroglobulin misfolding, thyrocytes under chronic continuous ER stress exhibit increased susceptibility to cell death, with interesting cell biological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Crystal Young
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kookjoo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omer O. Kabil
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Oliver B. Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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10
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West JD. Experimental Approaches for Investigating Disulfide-Based Redox Relays in Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1676-1689. [PMID: 35771680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reversible oxidation of cysteine residues within proteins occurs naturally during normal cellular homeostasis and can increase during oxidative stress. Cysteine oxidation often leads to the formation of disulfide bonds, which can impact protein folding, stability, and function. Work in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic models over the past five decades has revealed several multiprotein systems that use thiol-dependent oxidoreductases to mediate disulfide bond reduction, formation, and/or rearrangement. Here, I provide an overview of how these systems operate to carry out disulfide exchange reactions in different cellular compartments, with a focus on their roles in maintaining redox homeostasis, transducing redox signals, and facilitating protein folding. Additionally, I review thiol-independent and thiol-dependent approaches for interrogating what proteins partner together in such disulfide-based redox relays. While the thiol-independent approaches rely either on predictive measures or standard procedures for monitoring protein-protein interactions, the thiol-dependent approaches include direct disulfide trapping methods as well as thiol-dependent chemical cross-linking. These strategies may prove useful in the systematic characterization of known and newly discovered disulfide relay mechanisms and redox switches involved in oxidant defense, protein folding, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D West
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
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