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Hemodynamic analysis for stenosis microfluidic model of thrombosis with refined computational fluid dynamics simulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6875. [PMID: 33767279 PMCID: PMC7994556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed blood flow has been increasingly recognized for its critical role in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Microfluidics with hump shaped contractions have been developed to mimic microvascular stenosis and recapitulate the prothrombotic effect of flow disturbance. However the physical determinants of microfluidic hemodynamics are not completely defined. Here, we report a refined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation approach to map the shear rate (γ) and wall shear stress (τ) distribution in the stenotic region at high accuracy. Using ultra-fine meshing with sensitivity verification, our CFD results show that the stenosis level (S) is dominant over the bulk shear rate (γ0) and contraction angle (α) in determining γ and τ distribution at stenosis. In contrast, α plays a significant role in governing the shear rate gradient (γ′) distribution while it exhibits subtle effects on the peak γ. To investigate the viscosity effect, we employ a Generalized Power-Law model to simulate blood flow as a non-Newtonian fluid, showing negligible difference in the γ distribution when compared with Newtonian simulation with water medium. Together, our refined CFD method represents a comprehensive approach to examine microfluidic hemodynamics in three dimensions and guide microfabrication designs. Combining this with hematological experiments promises to advance understandings of the rheological effect in thrombosis and platelet mechanobiology.
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Dunster JL, Panteleev MA, Gibbins JM, Sveshnikova AN. Mathematical Techniques for Understanding Platelet Regulation and the Development of New Pharmacological Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1812:255-279. [PMID: 30171583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical and computational modeling is currently in the process of becoming an accepted tool in the arsenal of methods utilized for the investigation of complex biological systems. For some problems in the field, like cellular metabolic regulation, neural impulse propagation, or cell cycle, progress is already unthinkable without use of such methods. Mathematical models of platelet signaling, function, and metabolism during the last years have not only been steadily increasing in their number, but have also been providing more in-depth insights, generating hypotheses, and allowing predictions to be made leading to new experimental designs and data. Here we describe the basic approaches to platelet mathematical model development and validation, highlighting the challenges involved. We then review the current theoretical models in the literature and how these are being utilized to increase our understanding of these complex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Dunster
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anastacia N Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
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Molloy CP, Yao Y, Kammoun H, Bonnard T, Hoefer T, Alt K, Tovar-Lopez F, Rosengarten G, Ramsland PA, van der Meer AD, van den Berg A, Murphy AJ, Hagemeyer CE, Peter K, Westein E. Shear-sensitive nanocapsule drug release for site-specific inhibition of occlusive thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:972-982. [PMID: 28267256 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Vessel stenosis due to large thrombus formation increases local shear 1-2 orders of magnitude. High shear at stenotic sites was exploited to trigger eptifibatide release from nanocapsules. Local delivery of eptifibatide prevented vessel occlusion without increased tail bleeding times. Local nanocapsule delivery of eptifibatide may be safer than systemic antiplatelet therapies. SUMMARY Background Myocardial infarction and stroke remain the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The major limitation of current antiplatelet therapy is that the effective concentrations are limited because of bleeding complications. Targeted delivery of antiplatelet drug to sites of thrombosis would overcome these limitations. Objectives Here, we have exploited a key biomechanical feature specific to thrombosis, i.e. significantly increased blood shear stress resulting from a reduction in the lumen of the vessel, to achieve site-directed delivery of the clinically used antiplatelet agent eptifibatide by using shear-sensitive phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based nanocapsules. Methods PC-based nanocapsules (2.8 × 1012 ) with high-dose encapsulated eptifibatide were introduced into microfluidic blood perfusion assays and into in vivo models of thrombosis and tail bleeding. Results Shear-triggered nanocapsule delivery of eptifibatide inhibited in vitro thrombus formation selectively under stenotic and high shear flow conditions above a shear rate of 1000 s-1 while leaving thrombus formation under physiologic shear rates unaffected. Thrombosis was effectively prevented in in vivo models of vessel wall damage. Importantly, mice infused with shear-sensitive antiplatelet nanocapsules did not show prolonged bleeding times. Conclusions Targeted delivery of eptifibatide by shear-sensitive nanocapsules offers site-specific antiplatelet potential, and may form a basis for developing more potent and safer antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Molloy
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Yao
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Kammoun
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Bonnard
- Nano Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Hoefer
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Alt
- Nano Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Tovar-Lopez
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Rosengarten
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P A Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery at Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D van der Meer
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C E Hagemeyer
- Nano Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Westein
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Combariza ME, Yu X, Nesbitt WS, Mitchell A, Tovar-Lopez FJ. Nonlinear Dynamic Modelling of Platelet Aggregation via Microfluidic Devices. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:1718-27. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2403266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Biological variability in biomechanical engineering research: Significance and meta-analysis of current modeling practices. J Biomech 2014; 47:1241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tovar-Lopez FJ, Rosengarten G, Nasabi M, Sivan V, Khoshmanesh K, Jackson SP, Mitchell A, Nesbitt WS. An investigation on platelet transport during thrombus formation at micro-scale stenosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74123. [PMID: 24194822 PMCID: PMC3806794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on an investigation of mass transport of blood cells at micro-scale stenosis where local strain-rate micro-gradients trigger platelet aggregation. Using a microfluidic flow focusing platform we investigate the blood flow streams that principally contribute to platelet aggregation under shear micro-gradient conditions. We demonstrate that relatively thin surface streams located at the channel wall are the primary contributor of platelets to the developing aggregate under shear gradient conditions. Furthermore we delineate a role for red blood cell hydrodynamic lift forces in driving enhanced advection of platelets to the stenosis wall and surface of developing aggregates. We show that this novel microfluidic platform can be effectively used to study the role of mass transport phenomena driving platelet recruitment and aggregate formation and believe that this approach will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying shear-gradient dependent discoid platelet aggregation in the context of cardiovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Tovar-Lopez
- Microplatforms Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary Rosengarten
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mahyar Nasabi
- Microplatforms Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vijay Sivan
- Microplatforms Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Microplatforms Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shaun P. Jackson
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Educational Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Microplatforms Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warwick S. Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Educational Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Belzacq T, Avril S, Leriche E, Delache A. A numerical parametric study of the mechanical action of pulsatile blood flow onto axisymmetric stenosed arteries. Med Eng Phys 2012; 34:1483-95. [PMID: 22464939 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, a fluid-structure interaction model is developed, questioning how the mechanical action of the blood onto an atheromatous plaque is affected by the length and the severity of the stenosis. An axisymmetric model is considered. The fluid is assumed Newtonian. The plaque is modelled as a heterogeneous hyperelastic anisotropic solid composed of the arterial wall, the lipid core and the fibrous cap. Transient velocity and pressure conditions of actual pulsatile blood flow are prescribed. The simulation is achieved using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian scheme in the COMSOL commercial Finite Element package. The results reveal different types of behavior in function of the length (denoted L) and severity (denoted S) of the stenosis. Whereas large plaques (L>10 mm) are mostly deformed under the action of the blood pressure, it appears that shorter plaques (L<10 mm) are significantly affected by the shear stresses. The shear stresses tend to deform the plaque by pinching it. This effect is called: "the pinching effect". It has an essential influence on the mechanical response of the plaque. For two plaques having the same radius severity S=45%, the maximum stress in the fibrous cap is 50% larger for the short plaque (L=5 mm) than for a larger plaque (L=10 mm), and the maximum wall shear stress is increased by 100%. Provided that they are confirmed by experimental investigations, these results may offer some new perspectives for understanding the vulnerability of short plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Belzacq
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Centre Ingénierie et Santé, CNRS UMR 5146, Saint-Etienne, France
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